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Formulation and optimization of polymeric nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of lorazepam using Box-Behnken design: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:156010. [PMID: 25126544 PMCID: PMC4122152 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize lorazepam loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Lzp-PLGA-NPs) by investigating the effect of process variables on the response using Box-Behnken design. Effect of four independent factors, that is, polymer, surfactant, drug, and aqueous/organic ratio, was studied on two dependent responses, that is, z-average and % drug entrapment. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were successfully developed by nanoprecipitation method using PLGA as polymer, poloxamer as surfactant and acetone as organic phase. NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, % drug entrapment, drug release behavior, TEM, and cell viability. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were characterized for drug polymer interaction using FTIR. The developed NPs showed nearly spherical shape with z-average 167–318 d·nm, PDI below 0.441, and −18.4 mV zeta potential with maximum % drug entrapment of 90.1%. In vitro drug release behavior followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model and showed initial burst release of 21.7 ± 1.3% with prolonged drug release of 69.5 ± 0.8% from optimized NPs up to 24 h. In vitro drug release data was found in agreement with ex vivo permeation data through sheep nasal mucosa. In vitro cell viability study on Vero cell line confirmed the safety of optimized NPs. Optimized Lzp-PLGA-NPs were radiolabelled with Technitium-99m for scintigraphy imaging and biodistribution studies in Sprague-Dawley rats to establish nose-to-brain pathway.
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202
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Wilson B, Lavanya Y, Priyadarshini SRB, Ramasamy M, Jenita JL. Albumin nanoparticles for the delivery of gabapentin: preparation, characterization and pharmacodynamic studies. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:73-9. [PMID: 24999053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to prepare and evaluate gabapentin loaded albumin nanoparticles and to find out their effectiveness in treating epilepsy. Albumin nanoparticles of gabapentin were prepared by pH-coacervation method. The drug was administered into animals as free drug, gabapentin bound with nanoparticles, and gabapentin bound with nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80. The polysorbate 80 coated nanoparticles increased the gabapentin concentration in the brain about 3 fold in comparison with the free drug. Moreover, the polysorbate 80 coated nanoparticles significantly reduced the duration of all phases of convulsion in both maximal electroshock induced and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion models in comparison with free drug and drug bound with nanoparticle formulations, which indicates the ability of polysorbate 80 coated nanoparticles to enhance the gabapentin concentration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India.
| | - Y Lavanya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - S R B Priyadarshini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Muthu Ramasamy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Josephine Leno Jenita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
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203
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Mostafavi SH, Aghajani M, Amani A, Darvishi B, Noori Koopaei M, Pashazadeh AM, Maghazei MS, Alvandifar F, Nabipour I, Karami F, Assadi M, Dinarvand R. Optimization of paclitaxel-loaded poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide-N-p-maleimido benzoic hydrazide) nanoparticles size using artificial neural networks. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:845-853. [PMID: 24980221 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.930487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find a model using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict PLGA-PMBH nanoparticles (NPs) size in preparation by modified nanoprecipitation. The input variables were polymer content, drug content, power of sonication and ratio of organic/aqueous phase (i.e. acetone/water), while the NPs size of PLGA-PMBH was assumed as the output variable. Forty samples of PLGA-PMBH NPs containing anticancer drug (i.e. paclitaxel) were synthesized by changing the variable factors in the experiments. The data modeling were performed using ANNs. The effects of input variables (namely, polymer content, drug content, power of sonication and ratio of acetone/water) on the output variables were evaluated using the 3D graphs obtained after modeling. Contrasting the 3D graphs from the generated model revealed that the amount of polymer (PLGA-PMBH) and drug content (PTX) have direct relation with the size of polymeric NPs in the process. In addition, it was illustrated that the ratio of acetone/water was the most important factor affecting the particle size of PLGA-PMBH NPs provided by solvent evaporation technique. Also, it was found that increasing the sonication power (up to a certain amount) indirectly affects the polymeric NPs size however it was directly affected in higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mostafavi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahdi Aghajani
- c Department of Nanotechnology , The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Mona Noori Koopaei
- e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Ali Mahmoud Pashazadeh
- c Department of Nanotechnology , The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Mohamad Shahab Maghazei
- e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Farhad Alvandifar
- e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- f The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Karami
- e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Majid Assadi
- c Department of Nanotechnology , The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
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204
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Nguyen HT, Tran TH, Kim JO, Yong CS, Nguyen CN. Enhancing the in vitro anti-cancer efficacy of artesunate by loading into poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:716-24. [PMID: 24968925 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Artesunate (ART)-a well-known anti-malarial agent is also known to have potential anti-proliferative activities but its instability, poor aqueous solubility, and lack of relevant studies have limited its application as an effective anti-cancer drug. To overcome these problems, ART was loaded in poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles using oil/water emulsion evaporation method. PLGA nanoparticles with small particle size and high entrapment efficiency were obtained. The PLGA nanoparticles were optimized by evaluating the effects of several formulation parameters on physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity of blank PLGA, free ART, and ART-PLGA on 3 human cancer cell lines viz. A549, SCC-7, and MCF-7 was conducted using MTT assay. The particles showed nanometric size (~170 nm), large entrapment efficiency (up to 83.4%), and excellent stability (evaluated for 1 month) after lyophilization with 5% mannitol. ART was dispersed inside particle core allowing a sustained release up to 48 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity results demonstrated strong activity of ART against cancer cell lines. The ART-PLGA formulation significantly reduced cell viability than the free ART. The formulation of ART loaded PLGA nanoparticles supported a potential application of ART as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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205
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Dhami NK, Pandey RS, Jain UK, Chandra R, Madan J. Non-aggregated protamine-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles of cisplatin crossed blood-brain barrier, enhanced drug delivery and improved therapeutic index in glioblastoma cells: in vitro studies. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:685-93. [PMID: 24963955 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.913725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-aggregated protamine impregnated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles of cisplatin (Pt-PLGA NPs) were synthesized to augment brain delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS The mean particle size of Pt-PLGA NPs and PLGA NPs were observed to be 173.2 ± 7.9 nm and 140 ± 10.2 nm, respectively. The Pt-PLGA NPs significantly (p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance; ANOVA) delivered higher amount (172.41 ± 15.04 μg) of cisplatin in comparison to 110.48 ± 4.71 μg by PLGA NPs and 20.83 ± 1.65 μg by cisplatin solution across in vitro bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells. Cisplatin bearing Pt-PLGA NPs was found to be highly cytotoxic to U87 glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 2.1 μM as compared (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) to PLGA NPs (3.9 μM) and cisplatin alone (13.33 μM). Impregnation with Pt enhanced the uptake of PLGA NPs in U87 glioblastoma cells as compared to PLGA NPs by following endocytosis mechanism. CONCLUSION Cisplatin-loaded Pt-PLGA NPs compel preclinical tumour regression study to further improve its utility against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Kamal Dhami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy , Mohali, Punjab , India
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206
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Yada RY, Buck N, Canady R, DeMerlis C, Duncan T, Janer G, Juneja L, Lin M, McClements DJ, Noonan G, Oxley J, Sabliov C, Tsytsikova L, Vázquez-Campos S, Yourick J, Zhong Q, Thurmond S. Engineered Nanoscale Food Ingredients: Evaluation of Current Knowledge on Material Characteristics Relevant to Uptake from the Gastrointestinal Tract. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:730-744. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Buck
- on behalf of the ILSI Europe Novel Foods and Nanotechnology Task Force; Brussels Belgium
| | - Richard Canady
- Intl. Life Sciences Inst. Research Foundation; Washington DC USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Yourick
- US Food and Drug Administration; College Park MD USA
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207
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Fatma S, Talegaonkar S, Iqbal Z, Panda AK, Negi LM, Goswami DG, Tariq M. Novel flavonoid-based biodegradable nanoparticles for effective oral delivery of etoposide by P-glycoprotein modulation: an in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigations. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:500-11. [PMID: 24937381 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.923956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A receptor level interaction of etoposide with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and subsequent intestinal efflux has an adverse effect on its oral absorption. The present work is aimed to enhance the bioavailability of etoposide by co-administering it with quercetin (a P-gp inhibitor) in dual-loaded polymeric nanoparticle formulation. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were optimized for various parameters like o/w phase volume ratio, poly-vinyl alcohol concentration, PLGA concentration and sonication time. The cytotoxicity studies (MTT assay) revealed a 9- and 11-fold decrease in the IC 50 values for etoposide-loaded nanoparticles (ENP) and etoposide + quercetin dual-loaded nanoparticles (EQNP) when compared to that of free etoposide, respectively, and the results were further supported by florescent-activated cell sorter studies. The confocal imaging of the intestinal sections treated with ENP and EQNP containing fluorescent probe (rhodamine) showed the superiority of the EQNP to permeate deeper. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies on rats revealed that EQNP exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in bioavailability of etoposide than ENP with no quercetin. The developed loaded nanoparticles have the high potential to enhance the bioavailability of the etoposide and sensitize the resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmeen Fatma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India and
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India and
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India and
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- b Product Development Cell , National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
| | - Lalit Mohan Negi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India and
| | - Dinesh Giri Goswami
- b Product Development Cell , National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India and
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208
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Menon JU, Ravikumar P, Pise A, Gyawali D, Hsia CCW, Nguyen KT. Polymeric nanoparticles for pulmonary protein and DNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2643-52. [PMID: 24512977 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising carriers of biological agents to the lung due to advantages including biocompatibility, ease of surface modification, localized action and reduced systemic toxicity. However, there have been no studies extensively characterizing and comparing the behavior of polymeric NPs for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery both in vitro and in vitro. We screened six polymeric NPs: gelatin, chitosan, alginate, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), PLGA-chitosan and PLGA-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), for inhalational protein/DNA delivery. All NPs except PLGA-PEG and alginate were <300nm in size with a bi-phasic core compound release profile. Gelatin, PLGA NPs and PLGA-PEG NPs remained stable in deionized water, serum, saline and simulated lung fluid (Gamble's solution) over 5days. PLGA-based NPs and natural polymer NPs exhibited the highest cytocompatibility and dose-dependent in vitro uptake, respectively, by human alveolar type-1 epithelial cells. Based on these profiles, gelatin and PLGA NPs were used to encapsulate plasmid DNA encoding yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) or rhodamine-conjugated erythropoietin (EPO) for inhalational delivery to rats. Following a single inhalation, widespread pulmonary EPO distribution persisted for up to 10days while increasing YFP expression was observed for at least 7days for both NPs. The overall results support both PLGA and gelatin NPs as promising carriers for pulmonary protein/DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amruta Pise
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dipendra Gyawali
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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209
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Emami J, Pourmashhadi A, Sadeghi H, Varshosaz J, Hamishehkar H. Formulation and optimization of celecoxib-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by the Taguchi design and their in vitro cytotoxicity for lung cancer therapy. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:791-800. [PMID: 24841045 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.920360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop, evaluate and optimize a polymeric nanoparticle (NP) system containing Cxb for pulmonary delivery of Cxb in the treatment of lung cancer. NPs were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion and evaporation method using poly(D, L lactideglycolide) (PLGA). The size of NPs ranged from 153 to 192 nm and was affected by PLGA content, surfactant concentration and organic phase volume. Zeta potential of NPs (-4.5 to -8.6 mV) was more affected by PLGA content and organic phase volume. PLGA content was also the most effective factor on the entrapment efficiency and release rate of Cxb from NPs. The optimum formulation which obtained with 5 mg Cxb, 25 mg PLGA, 0.5% surfactant, 2.5% organic volume and 15 000 rpm showed release of Cxb within 30 h. The optimized formulation co-spray dried with lactose (hybrid microparticles) displayed desirable fine particle fraction, mass medium aerodynamic diameter, geometric standard deviation of 70.3%, 1.46% and 3.38%, respectively. Our results provide evidence for the potential of PLGA NPs for delivery of Cxb through inhalation as means to alleviate the cardiovascular risk of Cxb administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Emami
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Aida Pourmashhadi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Hojat Sadeghi
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- c Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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210
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Vuddanda PR, Mishra A, Singh SK, Singh S. Development of polymeric nanoparticles with highly entrapped herbal hydrophilic drug using nanoprecipitation technique: an approach of quality by design. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:579-87. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.908302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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211
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VasanthaKumar S, Ahamed HN, Saha RN. Nanomedicine I: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of paclitaxel loaded poly-(ε-caprolactone), poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly (dl-lactic acid) matrix nanoparticles in wistar rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:137-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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212
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Saranya S, Radha KV. Preparation and characterization of native poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 9763. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911513520380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer with many potential biomedical applications including medical implants and drug delivery systems. In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 9763 was optimized for different physical and chemical parameters. A 90% poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation was achieved with 2% fructose and 0.5% ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen sources. The effective accumulation occurred at pH 7. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) content of dry cell weight increased to 87% at 36 h of incubation. The synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The oil-in-water solvent evaporation technique was used to fabricate the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres. The surface morphology appeared smooth in the range of 1–2 µm with specific surface area ranging 19 to 20 m2/g. The synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres were nontoxic and exhibited good cytocompatibility toward NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saranya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - KV Radha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
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213
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Jana U, Mohanty AK, Manna PK, Mohanta GP. Preparation and characterization of nebivolol nanoparticles using Eudragit® RS100. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 113:269-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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214
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Sonam, Chaudhary H, Kumar V. Taguchi design for optimization and development of antibacterial drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 64:99-105. [PMID: 24315945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research report was to develop Cefixime loaded polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles using modified precipitation method. TEM analysis indicated formation of well-formed, smooth, spherical nanoparticles with no aggregates whereas XRD recommended dispersion of drug in PLGA carrier system in amorphous form. The polymer and stabilizer concentration and organic to aqueous ratio were found to be significant factors for nanoparticles and their optimization using Taguchi design (L9). The design formulations showed entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size and poly-dispersity index (PDI) ranging 68.31 ± 1.74%, 159.8-157.7 nm and 0.126-0.149, respectively indicated small and stable nanoparticles with good homogeneity and encapsulation. The design optimized formulation drug release and permeation studies demonstrated that it is four times sustained release behavior and 1.74 times better permeation than free drug. The result of microbiological assay also suggested that optimized formulation has significant antibacterial activity against intracellular multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam
- PDM College of Pharmacy, Sarai Aurangabad, Bahadurgarh, India
| | - Hema Chaudhary
- PDM College of Pharmacy, Sarai Aurangabad, Bahadurgarh, India.
| | - Vikash Kumar
- PDM College of Pharmacy, Sarai Aurangabad, Bahadurgarh, India
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215
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Szlęk J, Pacławski A, Lau R, Jachowicz R, Mendyk A. Heuristic modeling of macromolecule release from PLGA microspheres. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4601-11. [PMID: 24348037 PMCID: PMC3857266 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution of protein macromolecules from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles is a complex process and still not fully understood. As such, there are difficulties in obtaining a predictive model that could be of fundamental significance in design, development, and optimization for medical applications and toxicity evaluation of PLGA-based multiparticulate dosage form. In the present study, two models with comparable goodness of fit were proposed for the prediction of the macromolecule dissolution profile from PLGA micro- and nanoparticles. In both cases, heuristic techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), feature selection, and genetic programming were employed. Feature selection provided by fscaret package and sensitivity analysis performed by ANNs reduced the original input vector from a total of 300 input variables to 21, 17, 16, and eleven; to achieve a better insight into generalization error, two cut-off points for every method was proposed. The best ANNs model results were obtained by monotone multi-layer perceptron neural network (MON-MLP) networks with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 15.4, and the input vector consisted of eleven inputs. The complicated classical equation derived from a database consisting of 17 inputs was able to yield a better generalization error (RMSE) of 14.3. The equation was characterized by four parameters, thus feasible (applicable) to standard nonlinear regression techniques. Heuristic modeling led to the ANN model describing macromolecules release profiles from PLGA microspheres with good predictive efficiency. Moreover genetic programming technique resulted in classical equation with comparable predictability to the ANN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szlęk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Pacławski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Mendyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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216
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Chen Y, Yang Z, Liu C, Wang C, Zhao S, Yang J, Sun H, Zhang Z, Kong D, Song C. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of paclitaxel loaded in six-arm star-shaped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4315-26. [PMID: 24235829 PMCID: PMC3825676 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Star-shaped polymers provide more terminal groups, and are promising for application in drug-delivery systems. Methods A new series of six-arm star-shaped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (6-s-PLGA) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The structure and properties of the 6-s-PLGA were characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Then, paclitaxel-loaded six-arm star-shaped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs) were prepared under the conditions optimized by the orthogonal testing. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the nanoparticles’ encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity, dynamic light scattering was used to determine their size and size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate their morphology. The release performance of the 6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs in vitro and the cytostatic effect of 6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs were investigated in comparison with paclitaxel-loaded linear poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (L-PLGA-PTX-NPs). Results The results of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy suggest that the polymerization was successfully initiated by inositol and confirm the structure of 6-s-PLGA. The molecular weights of a series of 6-s-PLGAs had a ratio corresponding to the molar ratio of raw materials to initiator. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the 6-s-PLGA had a low glass transition temperature of 40°C–50°C. The 6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs were monodispersed with an average diameter of 240.4±6.9 nm in water, which was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of the 6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs was higher than that of the L-PLGA-PTX-NPs. In terms of the in vitro release of nanoparticles, paclitaxel (PTX) was released more slowly and more steadily from 6-s-PLGA than from linear poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). In the cytostatic study, the 6-s-PLGA-PTX-NPs and L-PLGA-PTX-NPs were found to have a similar antiproliferative effect, which indicates durable efficacy due to the slower release of the PTX when loaded in 6-s-PLGA. Conclusion The results suggest that 6-s-PLGA may be promising for application in PTX delivery to enhance sustained antiproliferative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Center for Medical Device Evaluation of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Althuri A, Mathew J, Sindhu R, Banerjee R, Pandey A, Binod P. Microbial synthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and its application as targeted drug delivery vehicle. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:290-296. [PMID: 23415943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide loaded biocompatible PHB-PVA(1) nanoparticles (<100 nm in size) with folate functionalized surface were synthesized using poly-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB) produced by Bacillus firmus NII 0830. Folate functionalization was carried using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) as a catalyst and 10-bromodecanol as a linker to conjugate glutamic acid terminal of folate with the hydroxylate groups present on the surface of PHBA-PVA(2) nanotrojans. The effect of fabrication parameters on shape, size distribution and PDI of the PHB nanoparticles were also investigated. It was observed that increase in sonication time and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration greatly reduced the size of nanoparticles. The drug release studies on arsenic trioxide incorporated PHB-PVA nanoparticles were conducted at physiological pH and temperature. FOL-PHBA-PVA(3) nanoparticles showed greater extent of cytotoxicity towards murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells than PHBA-PVA nanoparticles alone without conjugated folate, indicating the significance of folate as ligand for specific targeting of FR+ cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Althuri
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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218
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Bhambere D, Shirivastava B, Sharma P, Bukane N, Gide P. Preparation and Optimization of Dry PLGA Nanoparticles by Spray Drying Technique. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2013.782932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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219
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Jianbo G, Xue L, Hongdan Y, Zhaohui T, Xing T, Chenchen C, Jinghua X, Hui X. The Anti-Melanoma Efficiency of the Intratumoral Injection of Cucurbitacin-Loaded Sustained-Release Carriers: A PLGA Particle System. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2550-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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220
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Shubhra QTH, Feczkó T, Kardos AF, Tóth J, Mackova H, Horak D, Dósa G, Gyenis J. Co-encapsulation of human serum albumin and superparamagnetic iron oxide in PLGA nanoparticles: part II. Effect of process variables on protein model drug encapsulation efficiency. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:156-65. [PMID: 23875617 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.814730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates encapsulation efficiency of model drug, encapsulated by magnetic poly d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). This is the following part of our preceding paper, which is referred in this paper as Part I. Magnetic nanoparticles and model drug human serum albumin (HSA)-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Among five important process variables, concentration of PLGA and concentration of HSA in the inner aqueous phase along with their cross-effect had the strongest influence on the encapsulation efficiency. Encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles ranged from 18% to 97% depending on the process conditions. Higher encapsulation efficiencies can be achieved by using low HSA and high PLGA concentrations. The optimization process, carried out by exact mathematical tools using GAMSTM/MINOS software makes it easier to find out optimum process conditions to achieve comparatively high encapsulation efficiency (e.g. 92.3%) for relatively small-sized PLGA NPs (e.g. 155 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quazi T H Shubhra
- Doctoral School of Molecular and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia , Egyetem u.10, H-8200 Veszprém , Hungary
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Anarjan N, Nehdi IA, Tan CP. Influence of astaxanthin, emulsifier and organic phase concentration on physicochemical properties of astaxanthin nanodispersions. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:127. [PMID: 23875816 PMCID: PMC3723444 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emulsification-evaporation method was used to prepare astaxanthin nanodispersions using a three-component emulsifier system composed of Tween 20, sodium caseinate and gum Arabic. Using Response-surface methodology (RSM), we studied the main and interaction effects of the major emulsion components, namely, astaxanthin concentration (0.02-0.38 wt %, x1), emulsifier concentration (0.2-3.8 wt %, x2) and organic phase (dichloromethane) concentration (2-38 wt %, x3) on nanodispersion characteristics. The physicochemical properties considered as response variables were: average particle size (Y1), PDI (Y2) and astaxanthin loss (Y3). RESULTS The results indicated that the response-surface models were significantly (p < 0.05) fitted for all studied response variables. The fitted polynomial regression models for the prediction of variations in the response variables showed high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.930) for all responses. The overall optimum region resulted in a desirable astaxanthin nanodispersions obtained with the concentrations of 0.08 wt % astaxanthin, 2.5 wt % emulsifier and 11.5 wt % organic phase. CONCLUSION No significant differences were found between the experimental and predicted values, thus certifying the adequacy of the Response-surface models developed for describing the changes in physicochemical properties as a function of main emulsion component concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navideh Anarjan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Manoochehri S, Darvishi B, Kamalinia G, Amini M, Fallah M, Ostad SN, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles via human serum albumin conjugation for controlled delivery of docetaxel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:58. [PMID: 23866721 PMCID: PMC3720529 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based nanoparticles are considered to be a promising drug carrier in tumor targeting but suffer from the high level of opsonization by reticuloendothelial system due to their hydrophobic structure. As a result surface modification of these nanoparticles has been widely studied as an essential step in their development. Among various surface modifications, human serum albumin (HSA) possesses advantages including small size, hydrophilic surface and accumulation in leaky vasculature of tumors through passive targeting and a probable active transport into tumor tissues. Methods PLGA nanoparticles of docetaxel were prepared by emulsification evaporation method and were surface conjugated with human serum albumin. Fourier transform infrared spectrum was used to confirm the conjugation reaction where nuclear magnetic resonance was utilized for conjugation ratio determination. In addition, transmission electron microscopy showed two different contrast media in conjugated nanoparticles. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of free docetaxel, unconjugated and conjugated PLGA nanoparticles was studied in HepG2 cells. Results Size, zeta potential and drug loading of PLGA nanoparticles were about 199 nm, −11.07 mV, and 4%, respectively where size, zeta potential and drug loading of conjugated nanoparticles were found to be 204 nm, −5.6 mV and 3.6% respectively. Conjugated nanoparticles represented a three-phasic release pattern with a 20% burst effect for docetaxel on the first day. Cytotoxicity experiment showed that the IC50 of HSA conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (5.4 μg) was significantly lower than both free docetaxel (20.2 μg) and unconjugated PLGA nanoparticles (6.2 μg). Conclusion In conclusion surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles through HSA conjugation results in more cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines compared with free docetaxel and unconjugated PLGA nanoparticles. Albumin conjugated PLGA nanoparticles may represent a promising drug delivery system in cancer therapy.
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Silva MF, Winkler Hechenleitner AA, de Oliveira DMF, Agüeros M, Peñalva R, Irache JM, Pineda EAG. Optimization of maghemite-loaded PLGA nanospheres for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Amini MA, Faramarzi MA, Mohammadyani D, Esmaeilzadeh-Gharehdaghi E, Amani A. Modeling the Parameters Involved in Preparation of PLA Nanoparticles Carrying Hydrophobic Drug Molecules Using Artificial Neural Networks. J Pharm Innov 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-013-9151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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225
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Development of a nano–micro carrier system for sustained pulmonary delivery of clarithromycin. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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226
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Mohammad AK, Reineke JJ. Quantitative Detection of PLGA Nanoparticle Degradation in Tissues following Intravenous Administration. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2183-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300559v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khader Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eugene Applebaum
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Joshua J. Reineke
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eugene Applebaum
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan 48201, United States
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Definition of formulation design space, in vitro bioactivity and in vivo biodistribution for hydrophilic drug loaded PLGA/PEO–PPO–PEO nanoparticles using OFAT experiments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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228
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Kenari HS, Alinejad Z, Imani M, Nodehi A. Effective parameters in determining cross-linked dextran microsphere characteristics: screening by Plackett–Burman design-of-experiments. J Microencapsul 2013; 30:599-611. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.770096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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229
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Hill LE, Taylor TM, Gomes C. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Nanoparticles with Entrapped Cinnamon Bark Extract againstListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella typhimurium. J Food Sci 2013; 78:N626-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Hill
- Dept. of Biological & Agricultural Engineering; A&M Univ. of Texas College Station, A&M Univ. of Texas; TX 77843-2117; U.S.A
| | - T. Matthew Taylor
- Dept. of Animal Science, A&M Univ. of Texas College Station; TX 77843-2471; U.S.A
| | - Carmen Gomes
- Dept. of Biological & Agricultural Engineering; A&M Univ. of Texas College Station, A&M Univ. of Texas; TX 77843-2117; U.S.A
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Kaleemuddin M, Srinivas P. Lyophilized oral sustained release polymeric nanoparticles of nateglinide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:78-85. [PMID: 23229379 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to formulate lyophilized oral sustained release polymeric nanoparticles of nateglinide in order to decrease dosing frequency, minimize side effects, and increase bioavailability. Nateglinide-loaded poly Ɛ-caprolactone nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation with ultrasonication technique and subjected to various studies for characterization including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and evaluated for in vitro drug release and pharmacodynamic studies. The influence of increase in polymer concentration, ultrasonication time, and solvent evaporation rate on nanoparticle properties was investigated. The formulations were optimized based on the above characterization, and the formulation using 5% polymer, 3-min sonication time, and rota-evaporated was found to have the best drug entrapment efficiency of 64.09±4.27% and size of 310.40±11.42 nm. Based on SEM, nanoparticles were found to be spherical with a smooth surface. In vitro drug release data showed that nanoparticles sustained the nateglinide release for over 12 h compared to conventional tablets (Glinate 60 mg), and drug release was found to follow Fickian mechanism. In vivo studies showed that nanoparticles prolonged the antidiabetic activity of nateglinide in rats significantly (p≤0.05) compared to the conventional tablets (Glinate 60 mg) over a period of 12 h. Accelerated stability data indicated that there was minimal to no change in drug entrapment efficiency.
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Ribeiro AF, de Oliveira Rezende RL, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Poly ɛ-caprolactone nanoparticles loaded with Uncaria tomentosa extract: preparation, characterization, and optimization using the Box-Behnken design. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:431-42. [PMID: 23378765 PMCID: PMC3559076 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research was to develop and optimize a process for obtaining poly ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with Uncaria tomentosa (UT) extract. METHODS Nanoparticles were produced by the oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. Preliminary experiments determined the initial conditions of the organic phase (OP) and of the aqueous phase (AP) that would be utilized for this study. Ultimately, a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed during the optimization process. PCL and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentrations (X(1) and X(2), respectively) and the AP/OP volume ratio (X(3)) were the independent variables studied, while entrapment efficiency (Y(1)), particle mean diameter (Y(2)), polydispersity (Y(3)), and zeta potential (Y(4)) served as the evaluated responses. RESULTS PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS REVEALED THAT THE OPTIMAL INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NANOPARTICLES WERE AS FOLLOWS: OP composed of 5 mL ethyl acetate/acetone (3/2) mixture containing UT extract and PCL, and an AP of buffered PVA (pH 7.5) solution. Statistical analysis of the BBD results indicated that all of the studied factors had significant effects on the responses Y(1), Y(2), and Y(4,) and these effects are closely described or fitted by regression equations. Based on the obtained models and the selected desirability function, the nanoparticles were optimized to maximize Y(1) and minimize Y(2). These optimal conditions were achieved using 3% (w/v) PCL, 1% (w/v) PVA, and an AP/OP ratio of 1.7, with predicted values of 89.1% for Y(1) and 280 nm for Y(2). Another batch was produced under the same optimal conditions. The entrapment efficiency of this new batch was measured at 81.6% (Y(1)) and the particles had a mean size of 247 nm (Y(2)) and a polydispersity index of 0.062 (Y(3)). CONCLUSION This investigation obtained UT-loaded nanoparticle formulations with desired characteristics. The BBD approach was a useful tool for nanoparticle development and optimization, and thus should be useful especially in the realm of phytotherapeutics, in which varied compositions may be assessed in quantitative and qualitative terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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232
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Negi LM, Jaggi M, Talegaonkar S. A logical approach to optimize the nanostructured lipid carrier system of irinotecan: efficient hybrid design methodology. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:015104. [PMID: 23221112 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/1/015104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of an effective formulation involves careful optimization of a number of excipient and process variables. Sometimes the number of variables is so large that even the most efficient optimization designs require a very large number of trials which put stress on costs as well as time. A creative combination of a number of design methods leads to a smaller number of trials. This study was aimed at the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) by using a combination of different optimization methods. A total of 11 variables were first screened using the Plackett-Burman design for their effects on formulation characteristics like size and entrapment efficiency. Four out of 11 variables were found to have insignificant effects on the formulation parameters and hence were screened out. Out of the remaining seven variables, four (concentration of tween-80, lecithin, sodium taurocholate, and total lipid) were found to have significant effects on the size of the particles while the other three (phase ratio, drug to lipid ratio, and sonication time) had a higher influence on the entrapment efficiency. The first four variables were optimized for their effect on size using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The optimized values of the surfactants and lipids were kept constant for the next stage, where the sonication time, phase ratio, and drug:lipid ratio were varied using the Box-Behnken design response surface method to optimize the entrapment efficiency. Finally, by performing only 38 trials, we have optimized 11 variables for the development of NLCs with a size of 143.52 ± 1.2 nm, zeta potential of -32.6 ± 0.54 mV, and 98.22 ± 2.06% entrapment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Mohan Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Ibrahim MM, Abd-Elgawad AEH, Soliman OAE, Jablonski MM. Nanoparticle-based topical ophthalmic formulations for sustained celecoxib release. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1036-53. [PMID: 23293035 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib-loaded NPs were prepared from biodegradable polymers such as poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), poly(L-lactide) (PLA), and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. Different concentrations of polymers, emulsifier, and cosurfactants were used for formulation optimization. Nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized regarding their particle size, PDI, zeta potential, shape, morphology, and drug content. Celecoxib-loaded NPs were incorporated into eye drops, in situ gelling system, and gel and characterized regarding their pH, viscosity, uniformity of drug content, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity. The results of optimized celecoxib-loaded PCL-, PLGA-, and PLA-NPs, respectively, are particle size 119 ± 4, 126.67 ± 7.08, and 135.33 ± 4.15 nm; zeta potential -22.43 ± 2.91, -25.46 ± 2.35, and -31.81 ± 2.54 mV; and encapsulation efficiency 93.44 ± 3.6%, 86.00 ± 1.67%, and 79.04 ± 2.6%. TEM analyses revealed that NPs have spherical shapes with dense core and distinct coat. Formulations possessed uniform drug content with pH and viscosity compatible with the eye. Formulations showed sustained release without any burst effect with the Higuchi non-fickian diffusion mechanism. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that all formulations are nontoxic. Our formulations provide a great deal of flexibility to formulation scientist whereby sizes and zeta potentials of our NPs can be tuned to suit the need using scalable and robust methodologies. These formulations can thus serve as a potential drug delivery system for both anterior and posterior eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mostafa Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Ibrahim MM, Abd-Elgawad AEH, Soliman OAE, Jablonski MM. Natural bioadhesive biodegradable nanoparticles-based topical ophthalmic formulations for sustained celecoxib release: in vitro study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY AND DRUG RESEARCH 2013; 2:7. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-120x-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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235
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Fan T, Wu X, Wu Y. Preparation and characterization of cyhalothrin-loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-polylactide (PHEMA-co-PLA) ultrafine particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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236
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Fonseca LB, Nele M, Volpato NM, Seiceira RC, Pinto JC. Production of PMMA Nanoparticles Loaded with Praziquantel Through “In Situ” Miniemulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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237
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Development and evaluation of sustained-release clonidine-loaded PLGA microparticles. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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238
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Hussein AS, Abdullah N, Fakru'l-razi A. Optimizing the Process Parameters for Encapsulation of Linamarin into PLGA Nanoparticles Using Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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239
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Lee WL, Seh YC, Widjaja E, Chong HC, Tan NS, Joachim Loo SC. Fabrication and Drug Release Study of Double-Layered Microparticles of Various Sizes. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2787-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang H, Jia Y, Hu W, Jiang H, Zhang J, Zhang L. Effect of preparation conditions on the size and encapsulation properties of mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with vincristine sulfate and curcumin. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:694-700. [PMID: 22676257 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.696267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study prepared monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with vincristine sulfate (Vin) and curcumin (Cur) via O/W emulsion solvent evaporation. Five independent processing parameters were systematically evaluated to enhance the entrapment of dual agents with different properties (i.e. Vin and Cur, which are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic, respectively) into mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles and to control the particle size. The approaches used to investigate the enhancement of drug entrapment efficiencies and control over the particle size included mPEG-PLGA concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, initial Vin/Cur content, dichloromethane-to-acetone volume ratio, and aqueous-to-organic phase volume ratio. The nanoparticles produced using the optimum formulation conditions had a particle size of 131.5 nm with a low polydispersity index of 0.047. The entrapment efficiencies were 63.52 ± 2.36% for Vin and 54.60 ± 2.46% for Cur (n = 3). The drug loadings were 1.06 ± 0.04% for Vin and 3.64 ± 0.16% for Cur (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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241
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Awotwe-Otoo D, Zidan AS, Rahman Z, Habib MJ. Evaluation of anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticle characteristics by nondestructive methodologies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:611-22. [PMID: 22535519 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to utilize near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) as non-invasive techniques to evaluate the drug loading in letrozole-loaded PLGA nanoparticle formulations prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation method. A Plackett-Burman design was applied to evaluate the main effects of amount of drug (X(1)), amount of polymer (X(2)), stirring rate (X(3)), emulsifier concentration (X(4)), organic to aqueous phase volume ratio (X(5)), type of organic solvent (X(6)), and homogenization time (X(7)) on drug entrapment efficiency. The influence of three different spectral pretreatment methods (multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate, and Savitzky-Golay second derivative transformation with third-order polynomial) and two different regression methods (PLS regression and principal component regression (PCR)) on model prediction ability were compared. PLS of spectra that were pretreated with Savitzky-Golay second derivative transformation provided better model prediction than PCR as it revealed better linear correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.991) for both calibration and prediction models. Relatively low values of root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC = 0.748) and prediction (RMSEP = 0.786) and low standard errors of calibration (SEC = 0.758) and prediction (SEP = 0.589) suggested good predictability for estimation of the loading of letrozole in PLGA nanoparticles. NIR-CI analysis also revealed mutual homogenous distribution of both polymer and drug and was capable of clearly distinguishing the 12 formulations both quantitatively and qualitatively. In conclusion, NIR and NIR-CI could be potentially used to characterize anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticulate matrix.
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242
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Youm I, Murowchick JB, Youan BBC. Entrapment and release kinetics of furosemide from pegylated nanocarriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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243
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Influence of secondary preparative parameters and aging effects on PLGA particle size distribution: a sedimentation field flow fractionation investigation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:703-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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244
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Pimple S, Manjappa AS, Ukawala M, Murthy RSR. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with etoposide and quercetin dihydrate individually: in vitro cell line study to ensure advantage of combination therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2012; 3:25-36. [PMID: 26069494 PMCID: PMC4451862 DOI: 10.1007/s12645-012-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PLGA nanoparticles, separately loaded with etoposide (ETN) and quercetin dihydrate (QDN), were prepared by adapting the solvent diffusion (nanoprecipitation) technique. The effect of formulation variables such as amount of polymer, theoretical drug loading, surfactant concentration, and aqueous and organic phase volumes on particle size and entrapment efficiency, were systematically studied. The optimal formulations obtained were of submicron size (153.4 ± 4.2 nm for ETN and 148.6 ± 1.6 nm for QDN) and with low polydispersity indices (0.058 ± 0.02 for ETN and 0.088 ± 0.03 for QDN). The entrapment efficiencies were found as 63.88 ± 1.5 % and 41.36 ± 3.4 % for ETN and QDN, respectively. The characterization of ETN and QDN was done by measuring the zeta potential, TEM, and DSC analysis. The comparison was made in respect of in vitro cytotoxicity assay using cancer cell line A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line). The results revealed significant increase in cytotoxicity in nanoparticle formulations than their respective free drug. The comparison was also made with respect to cytotoxic activity of individual drug and combination of drugs in the form of free drugs as well as nanoparticles. The combination treatment in the form of nanoparticles is found to produce best results among the treatments used in cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Pimple
- />Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Arehalli S. Manjappa
- />Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mukesh Ukawala
- />Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - R. S. R. Murthy
- />Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- />Center for Nanomedicine, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab India
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245
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Menon JU, Kona S, Wadajkar AS, Desai F, Vadla A, Nguyen KT. Effects of surfactants on the properties of PLGA nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1998-2005. [PMID: 22566409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with two surfactants, Pluronic or the commonly used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); and determine their in vitro efficiency as drug carriers for cancer therapy. Free surfactant cytotoxicity results indicated that Pluronic F127 (PF127) was most cytocompatible among the Pluronics tested and hence chosen for coating PLGA NPs for further studies. Release studies using doxorubicin (DOX) as a drug model showed sustained release of DOX from both PVA- and PF127-coated PLGA NPs (PLGA-PVA and PLGA-PF127, respectively) over 28 days. Further, there was no significant difference in human dermal fibroblasts and human aortic smooth muscle cell survival when exposed to both types of NPs. Cellular uptake studies demonstrated that uptake of both nanoparticle types was dose-dependent for both prostate and breast cancer cells. However, these cancer cells internalized more PLGA-PF127 NPs than PLGA-PVA NPs. Moreover, studies showed that drug-loaded PLGA-PF127 NPs not only killed more cancer cells than drug-loaded PLGA-PVA NPs, but also overcame drug resistance in LNCaP, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cancer cells on re-exposure. These results indicate that PLGA-PF127 NPs can form a promising system that not only delivers anti-cancer drugs, but also overcomes drug resistance, which is prevalent in most cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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246
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Tang J, Chen JY, Liu J, Luo M, Wang YJ, Wei XW, Gao X, Wang BL, Liu YB, Yi T, Tong AP, Song XR, Xie YM, Zhao Y, Xiang M, Huang Y, Zheng Y. Calcium phosphate embedded PLGA nanoparticles: a promising gene delivery vector with high gene loading and transfection efficiency. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:210-21. [PMID: 22561795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the purpose of increasing incorporation efficiency and improving the release kinetics of plasmid DNA (pDNA) from poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, a facile method for the fabrication of calcium phosphate (CaPi) embedded PLGA nanoparticles (CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-NPs) was developed. The effect of several preparation factors on the particle size, incorporation efficiency, pDNA release and transfection efficiency in vitro was studied by Single Factor Screening Method. These preparation factors included the molecular weight (MW), hydrolysis degree (HD) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sonication power and time, composition of organic phase, initial concentration of calcium phosphate and calcium (Ca) to phosphate ion (P) ratio (Ca/P ratio), etc. The CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-NPs made according to the optimal formulation were spherical in shape observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a mean particle size of 207±5 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 95.7±0.8%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested that there existed interaction between the DNA-calcium-phosphate (CaPi-pDNA) complexes and the polymeric matrices of PLGA. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) further proved the conclusion and indicated that the CaPi-pDNA was in weak crystallization form inside the nanoparticles. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement demonstrated that the CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-NPs are mesoporous with specific surface area of 57.5m(2)/g and an average pore size of 96.5 Å. The transfection efficiency of the CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-NPs on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells in vitro was 22.4±1.2%, which was much higher than those of both the pDNA loaded PLGA nanoparticles (pDNA-PLGA-NPs) and the CaPi-pDNA embedded PLGA microparticles (CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-MPs). The CaPi-pDNA-PLGA-NPs are promising vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Gómez-Gaete C, Bustos GL, Godoy RR, Saez CK, Novoa GP, Fernández EM, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Successful factorial design for the optimization of methylprednisolone encapsulation in biodegradable nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:310-20. [PMID: 23323873 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.676049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to their crystalline nature, the encapsulation of hydrophobic corticosteroids within polymeric nanoparticles by o/w solvent evaporation method is often difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both process and formulation parameters on the encapsulation of a model corticosteroid: methylprednisolone (MP). For this purpose, a 3(2)factorial design was performed evaluating the effects of the concentration of emulsifiers and sonication time on the manufactured nanoparticles, followed by a multiresponse optimization. The study also included the evaluation of other parameters such as the type of organic solvent used, polymer characteristics and the initial mass of drug. The optimal nanoparticle formulation using 0.25% (w/v) of emulsifying agent (Polyvinyl-alcohol, PVA) and 5 min of sonication was then characterized. The highest encapsulation was obtained with an organic phase consisting of acetone: dichloromethane (1:1), polyD,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 50:50 as polymer and an initial mass of 6.6 mg of methylprednisolone. Nanoparticles size and ζ potential of optimized formulation were respectively around 230 nm and -14 mV. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the drug was molecularly dispersed within the nanoparticles. Release study showed that MP-loaded nanoparticles sustained drug release for up to 120 h. This study reflects the importance of factorial design to optimize the manufacture of nanoparticles encapsulating hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gómez-Gaete
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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248
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Kakran M, Shegokar R, Sahoo NG, Gohla S, Li L, Müller RH. Long-term stability of quercetin nanocrystals prepared by different methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1394-402. [PMID: 22943170 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the long-term physical stability of quercetin nanocrystals produced by three methods. METHODS Quercetin nanocrystals were prepared by high pressure homogenization, bead milling and cavi-precipitation. The nanocrystals produced by these methods were compared for particle size, saturation solubility and dissolution of the drug particles, and were subjected to stability testing. KEY FINDINGS The X-ray diffraction study and microscopic pictures taken under polarized light indicated the crystalline nature of the nanocrystals produced by the three methods. As the crystalline state is relatively more stable than the amorphous state, a good physical stability was expected from the quercetin nanocrystals prepared. The high-pressure homogenized and bead-milled quercetin nanocrystals showed excellent physical stability when stored under refrigeration (4±2°C) and at room temperature (25±2°C) for 180 days. The dissolution properties were not significantly affected on storage at room temperature. However, increase in the storage temperature to 40±2°C led to physical instability. On the other hand, the cavi-precipitated quercetin nanocrystals exhibited a lower stability than the bead-milled and homogenized formulations and did not show the optimum zeta potential values as well. In the case of cavi-precipitated nanocrystals, recrystallization and agglomeration were responsible for the increasing particle size besides the Ostwald ripening phenomenon. The solvents used during cavi-precipitation might have competed with the surfactant for hydration leading to a partial dehydration of the surfactant, which subsequently affected the stability of the quercetin nanocrystals. CONCLUSIONS High-pressure homogenized and bead-milled quercetin nanocrystals showed better physical stability than the cavi-precipitated ones. Freeze drying immediately after nanocrystal production can help to prevent their agglomeration and thus improve physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Kakran
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Ma X, Wang H, Jin S, Wu Y, Liang XJ. Construction of paclitaxel-loaded poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-g-poly (lactide)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine copolymer nanoparticle delivery system and evaluation of its anticancer activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1313-28. [PMID: 22419875 PMCID: PMC3299577 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to develop drug-loaded biocompatible nanoscale packages with improved therapeutic efficacy for effective clinical treatment. To address this need, a novel poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-poly (lactide)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine [PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE)] copolymer was designed and synthesized to enable these nanoparticles to be pH responsive under pathological conditions. Methods The structural properties and thermal stability of the copolymer was measured and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to evaluate its feasibility as a drug carrier, paclitaxel-loaded PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE) nanoparticles were prepared using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Results The PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE) nanoparticles could be efficiently loaded with paclitaxel and controlled to release the drug gradually and effectively. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that drug release was faster at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4. The anticancer activity of the PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE) nanoparticles was measured in breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vivo and in vitro. In comparison with the free drug, the paclitaxel-loaded PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE) nanoparticles could induce more significant tumor regression. Conclusion This study indicates that PHEMA-g-(PLA-DPPE) nanoparticles are promising carriers for hydrophobic drugs. This system can passively target cancer tissue and release drugs in a controllable manner, as determined by the pH value of the area in which the drug accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Murphy MB, Khaled S, Fan D, Yazdi IK, Sprintz M, Buchanan RM, Smid CA, Weiner BK, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. A multifunctional nanostructured platform for localized sustained release of analgesics and antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujps.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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