201
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Papageorgiou C, Stachtea X, Papageorgiou P, Alexandridis AT, Tsaltas E, Angelopoulos E. Aristotle Meets Zeno: Psychophysiological Evidence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168067. [PMID: 28033333 PMCID: PMC5199053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study, a tribute to Aristotle's 2400 years, used a juxtaposition of valid Aristotelian arguments to the paradoxes formulated by Zeno the Eleatic, in order to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of attentional and /or memory processing effects in the course of deductive reasoning. Participants undertook reasoning tasks based on visually presented arguments which were either (a) valid (Aristotelian) statements or (b) paradoxes. We compared brain activation patterns while participants maintained the premises / conclusions of either the valid statements or the paradoxes in working memory (WM). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), specifically the P300 component of ERPs, were recorded during the WM phase, during which participants were required to draw a logical conclusion regarding the correctness of the valid syllogisms or the paradoxes. During the processing of paradoxes, results demonstrated a more positive event-related potential deflection (P300) across frontal regions, whereas processing of valid statements was associated with noticeable P300 amplitudes across parieto-occipital regions. These findings suggest that paradoxes mobilize frontal attention mechanisms, while valid deduction promotes parieto-occipital activity associated with attention and/or subsequent memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Papageorgiou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Elias Angelopoulos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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202
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Chen Q, Liang X, Peng X, Liu Y, Lei Y, Li H. The modulation of causal contexts in motion processes judgment as revealed by P2 and P3. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:141-154. [PMID: 27836625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The evoked response potential (ERP) procedure was used to investigate the representation of motion processes in different causal contexts, such as the collision of two squares or the repulsion of two magnets with like poles facing. Participants were required to judge whether each movement was plausible according to the causal context depicted by the cover story. Three main differences after the movement of the second object were found. First, the amplitudes at 70-170ms (N1) and 170-370ms (P2) elicited by a no-contact condition were more negative than a contact condition in the square context, whereas larger N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by a no-contact condition in the magnet context. Second, larger P2 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by inconsistent direction relative to consistent condition in the square context, whereas smaller N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by inconsistent direction in the magnet context. Finally, larger P2 and more negative amplitudes at 370-470ms were elicited by plausible conditions relative to implausible conditions in a square context, whereas larger N1 and more positive amplitudes at 370-670ms were elicited by plausible conditions in the magnet context. These results suggested that the conceptual knowledge with different causal contexts have distinct effects on the judgment of objects interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Chen
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiuling Liang
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xiaozhe Peng
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116829, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
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203
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Morales-Muñoz I, Jurado-Barba R, Fernández-Guinea S, Álvarez-Alonso MJ, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Rubio G. Cognitive impairments in patients with first episode psychosis: The relationship between neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 36:80-87. [PMID: 27825609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been widely reported. Neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments have been conducted to study these impairments. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are relevant markers of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, and reductions in specific ERP components have been found. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to obtain a consensus battery for the assessment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we aimed to study modulations of several ERP components in first episode psychosis (FEP). We also examined neuropsychological deficits using the MCCB, and correlations between ERP and MCCB impairments. Thirty-eight FEP patients were compared to thirty-eight healthy controls. The following ERP components were examined: P1, N1, MMN, P2, early-P3 and late-P3. We used an auditory three-stimulus oddball paradigm, with standard (60%), target (20%) and distractor (20%) stimuli. FEP patients showed significantly lower amplitudes of P2, early-P3 and late-P3 components. FEP patients also showed significant deficits in all the MCCB cognitive domains. Finally, correlational analyses found strong associations between amplitudes of P2, early-P3 and late-P3 components and MCCB tests for attention and speed of processing. These findings indicate that deficits in late auditory ERP components are present in FEP, whereas early components are preserved. These reductions in late ERP components were related to attentional deficits in FEP as assessed by MCCB. These findings indicate that MCCB is a valid battery for studying cognitive impairments in the initial stages of schizophrenia, and highlight the utility of converging neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures to examine attentional impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology II (Cognitive Processes), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Guinea
- Department of Basic Psychology II (Cognitive Processes), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Álvarez-Alonso
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Jiménez-Arriero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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204
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Boeijinga PH. Multimodal EEG Recordings, Psychometrics and Behavioural Analysis. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:206-18. [PMID: 26901154 DOI: 10.1159/000437434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of neuronal activity are preferably combined. In an overview on how this approach can take shape, multimodal electroencephalography (EEG) is treated in 2 main parts: by experiments without a task and in the experimentally cued working brain. It concentrates first on the alpha rhythm properties and next on data-driven search for patterns such as the default mode network. The high-resolution volumic distributions of neuronal metabolic indices result in distributed cortical regions and possibly relate to numerous nuclei, observable in a non-invasive manner in the central nervous system of humans. The second part deals with paradigms in which nowadays assessment of target-related networks can align level-dependent blood oxygenation, electrical responses and behaviour, taking the temporal resolution advantages of event-related potentials. Evidence-based electrical propagation in serial tasks during performance is now to a large extent attributed to interconnected pathways, particularly chronometry-dependent ones, throughout a chain including a dorsal stream, next ventral cortical areas taking the flow of information towards inferior temporal domains. The influence of aging is documented, and results of the first multimodal studies in neuropharmacology are consistent. Finally a scope on implementation of advanced clinical applications and personalized marker strategies in neuropsychiatry is indicated.
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205
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Fujimoto T, Okumura E, Kodabashi A, Takeuchi K, Otsubo T, Nakamura K, Yatsushiro K, Sekine M, Kamiya S, Shimooki S, Tamura T. Sex Differences in Gamma Band Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Lobe and Cortical Areas During an Auditory Oddball Task, as Revealed by Imaginary Coherence Assessment. Open Neuroimag J 2016; 10:85-101. [PMID: 27708745 PMCID: PMC5041205 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001610010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied sex-related differences in gamma oscillation during an auditory oddball task, using magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography assessment of imaginary coherence (IC). We obtained a statistical source map of event-related desynchronization (ERD) / event-related synchronization (ERS), and compared females and males regarding ERD / ERS. Based on the results, we chose respectively seed regions for IC determinations in low (30-50 Hz), mid (50-100 Hz) and high gamma (100-150 Hz) bands. In males, ERD was increased in the left posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) at 500 ms in the low gamma band, and in the right caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) at 125 ms in the mid-gamma band. ERS was increased in the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) at 375 ms in the high gamma band. We chose the CGp, cACC and rACC as seeds, and examined IC between the seed and certain target regions using the IC map. IC changes depended on the height of the gamma frequency and the time window in the gamma band. Although IC in the mid and high gamma bands did not show sex-specific differences, IC at 30-50 Hz in males was increased between the left rACC and the frontal, orbitofrontal, inferior temporal and fusiform target regions. Increased IC in males suggested that males may acomplish the task constructively, analysingly, emotionally, and by perfoming analysis, and that information processing was more complicated in the cortico-cortical circuit. On the other hand, females showed few differences in IC. Females planned the task with general attention and economical well-balanced processing, which was explained by the higher overall functional cortical connectivity. CGp, cACC and rACC were involved in sex differences in information processing and were likely related to differences in neuroanatomy, hormones and neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Fujimoto
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Okumura
- Medical Imaging Business Department, Ricoh Company, Ltd., Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kodabashi
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kouzou Takeuchi
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Otsubo
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Katsumi Nakamura
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Sekine
- Osaka Electro-Communication University, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamiya
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Shimooki
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyo Tamura
- Osaka Electro-Communication University, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka, Japan
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206
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Schröder E, Kajosch H, Verbanck P, Kornreich C, Campanella S. Methodological Considerations about the Use of Bimodal Oddball P300 in Psychiatry: Topography and Reference Effect. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1387. [PMID: 27708597 PMCID: PMC5030262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) bimodal oddball task has disclosed increased sensitivity to show P300 modulations to subclinical symptoms. Even if the utility of such a procedure has still to be confirmed at a clinical level, gathering normative values of this new oddball variant may be of the greatest interest. We specifically addressed the challenge of defining the best location for the recording of P3a and P3b components and selecting the best reference to use by investigating the effect of an offline re-reference procedure on recorded bimodal P3a and P3b. Forty young and healthy subjects were submitted to a bimodal (synchronized and always congruent visual and auditory stimuli) three-stimulus oddball task in which 140 frequent bimodal stimuli, 30 deviant “target” stimuli and 30 distractors were presented. Task consisted in clicking as soon as possible on the targets, and not paying attention to frequent stimuli and distractors. This procedure allowed us to record, for each individual, the P3a component, referring to the novelty process related to distractors processing, and the P3b component, linked to the processing of the target stimuli. Results showed that both P3a and P3b showed maximal amplitude in Pz. However, P3a displayed a more central distribution. Nose reference was also shown to give maximal amplitudes compared with average and linked mastoids references. These data were discussed in light of the necessity to develop multi-site recording guidelines to furnish sets of ERPs data comparable across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Schröder
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Kajosch
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
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207
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Bednark JG, Reynolds JNJ, Stafford T, Redgrave P, Franz EA. Action Experience and Action Discovery in Medicated Individuals with Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:427. [PMID: 27610079 PMCID: PMC4997014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that markedly affects voluntary action. While regular dopamine treatment can help restore motor function, dopamine also influences cognitive portions of the action system. Previous studies have demonstrated that dopamine medication boosts action-effect associations, which are crucial for the discovery of new voluntary actions. In the present study, we investigated whether neural processes involved in the discovery of new actions are altered in PD participants on regular dopamine treatment, compared to healthy age-matched controls. We recorded brain electroencephalography (EEG) activity while PD patients and age-matched controls performed action discovery (AD) and action control tasks. We found that the novelty P3, a component normally present when there is uncertainty about the occurrence of the sensory effect, was enhanced in PD patients. However, AD was maintained in PD patients, and the novelty P3 demonstrated normal learning-related reductions. Crucially, we found that in PD patients the causal association between an action and its resulting sensory outcome did not modulate the amplitude of the feedback correct-related positivity (fCRP), an EEG component sensitive to the association between an action and its resulting effect. Collectively, these preliminary results suggest that the formation of long-term action-outcome representations may be maintained in PD patients on regular dopamine treatment, but the initial experience of action-effect association may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery G Bednark
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, and The Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tom Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Franz
- Department of Psychology and fMRIotago, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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208
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Cheng J, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Bu L, Li Y, Shi S, Liu P, Lu X, Yu D, Yuan K. Electrophysiological mechanisms of biased response to smoking-related cues in young smokers. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:85-91. [PMID: 27373532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during young adult may result in serious health issues in later life. Hence, it is extremely necessary to study the smoking neurophysiological mechanisms in this critical transitional period. However, few studies revealed the electrophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processing biases in young adult smokers. In present study, nineteen young smokers with 12h abstinent and 19 matched nonsmokers were recruited. By employing event-related potentials (ERP) measurements during a smoking cue induced craving task, electrophysiological brain responses were compared between the young adult smokers and nonsmokers. The Slow Positive Wave (SPW) amplitude of smoking-related cues was enhanced in young adult smokers compared with nonsmokers. In addition, increased P300/SPW component of smoking-related cues relative to neutral cues were found in young adult smokers. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between Cigarette Per Day (CPD) and the amplitude of ERPs wave (P300/SPW) at anterior (Fz), central (Cz) were observed in young adult smokers. Our findings provided direct electrophysiological evidence for the cognitive processing bias of smoking cue and may shed new insights into the smoking behavior in young adult smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Bu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangding Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China; Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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209
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Wierzchoń M, Wronka E, Paulewicz B, Szczepanowski R. Post-Decision Wagering Affects Metacognitive Awareness of Emotional Stimuli: An Event Related Potential Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159516. [PMID: 27490816 PMCID: PMC4973871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research investigated metacognitive awareness of emotional stimuli and its psychophysiological correlates. We used a backward masking task presenting participants with fearful or neutral faces. We asked participants for face discrimination and then probed their metacognitive awareness with confidence rating (CR) and post-decision wagering (PDW) scales. We also analysed psychophysiological correlates of awareness with event-related potential (ERP) components: P1, N170, early posterior negativity (EPN), and P3. We have not observed any differences between PDW and CR conditions in the emotion identification task. However, the "aware" ratings were associated with increased accuracy performance. This effect was more pronounced in PDW, especially for fearful faces, suggesting that emotional stimuli awareness may be enhanced by monetary incentives. EEG analysis showed larger N170, EPN and P3 amplitudes in aware compared to unaware trials. It also appeared that both EPN and P3 ERP components were more pronounced in the PDW condition, especially when emotional faces were presented. Taken together, our ERP findings suggest that metacognitive awareness of emotional stimuli depends on the effectiveness of both early and late visual information processing. Our study also indicates that awareness of emotional stimuli can be enhanced by the motivation induced by wagering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wierzchoń
- Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Eligiusz Wronka
- Psychophysiology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Borysław Paulewicz
- SWPS University of Social Science and Humanities, Faculty in Katowice, Poland
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210
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Rentzsch J, Stadtmann A, Montag C, Kunte H, Plöckl D, Hellweg R, Gallinat J, Kronenberg G, Jockers-Scherübl MC. Attentional dysfunction in abstinent long-term cannabis users with and without schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:409-21. [PMID: 26182894 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cannabis use may confer cognitive deficits and increased risk of psychosis. However, the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia is complex. In particular, little is known about the effects of chronic cannabis use on the attention-related electric brain response in schizophrenia. We investigated auditory novelty and oddball P300 evoked potentials in a mixed sample of first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients and healthy controls with (SZCA, n = 20; COCA, n = 20, abstinence ≥28 days) or without (SZ, n = 20; CO, n = 20) chronic cannabis use. Duration of regular cannabis use was 8.3 ± 5.6 (SZCA) and 9.1 ± 7.1 (COCA) years. In general, schizophrenic patients showed reduced P300 amplitudes. Cannabis use was associated with both a reduced early and late left-hemispheric novelty P300. There was a significant 'diagnosis × cannabis' interaction for the left-hemispheric late novelty P300 in that cannabis use was associated with a reduced amplitude in the otherwise healthy but not in the schizophrenic group compared with their relative control groups (corrected p < 0.02; p > 0.9, respectively). The left-hemispheric late novelty P300 in the otherwise healthy cannabis group correlated inversely with amount and duration of cannabis use (r = -0.50, p = 0.024; r = -0.57, p = 0.009, respectively). Our study confirms attentional deficits with chronic cannabis use. However, cannabis use may lead to different cognitive sequelae in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls, possibly reflecting preexisting alterations in the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rentzsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ada Stadtmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, 14050, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Straße 5-11, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Kunte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Plöckl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Hellweg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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211
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Nixon SJ, Prather R, Lewis B. Sex differences in alcohol-related neurobehavioral consequences. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 125:253-72. [PMID: 25307580 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review existing research regarding sex differences in alcohol's effects on neurobehavioral functions/processes. Drawn largely from laboratory studies, literature regarding acute alcohol administration and chronic alcohol misuse is explored focusing on commonly employed neuropsychologic domains (e.g., executive function, visuospatial skills, learning and memory, gait and balance), neurophysiologic measures (e.g., electroencephalography and event-related potentials), and structural and functional neuroimaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy). To provide a historical perspective on the development of these questions, we have included reference to early and more recent research. Additionally, specific biases, knowledge gaps, and continuing controversies are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Robert Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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212
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Kardos Z, Kóbor A, Takács Á, Tóth B, Boha R, File B, Molnár M. Age-related characteristics of risky decision-making and progressive expectation formation. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:405-14. [PMID: 27385088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During daily encounters, it is inevitable that people take risks. Investigating the sequential processing of risk hazards involve expectation formation about outcome contingencies. The present study aimed to explore risk behavior and its neural correlates in sequences of decision making, particularly in old age, which represents a critical period regarding risk-taking propensity. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task was used in an electrophysiological setting with young and elderly age groups. During the task each additional pump on a virtual balloon increased the likelihood of a balloon burst but also increased the chance to collect more reward. Event-related potentials associated with rewarding feedback were analyzed based on the forthcoming decisions (whether to continue or to stop) in order to differentiate between states of expectation towards gain or loss. In the young, the reward positivity ERP component increased as a function of reward contingencies with the largest amplitude for rewarding feedback followed by the decision to stop. In the elderly, however, reward positivity did not reflect the effect of reward structure. Behavioral indices of risk-taking propensity suggest that the performance of the young and the elderly were dissociable only with respect to response times: The elderly was characterized by hesitation and more deliberative decision making throughout the experiment. These findings signify that sequential tracking of outcome contingencies has a key role in cost-efficient action planning and progressive expectation formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Kardos
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Kóbor
- Brain Imaging Centre, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Takács
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary; Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Boha
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint File
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Molnár
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, RCNS, HAS, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Abstract. This study aimed to assess whether brain potentials have significant influences on the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected from 48 young adults when performing a Posner task. Higher aerobic fitness is related to faster reaction times (RTs) along with greater P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency in the valid trials, after controlling for age and body mass index. Moreover, RTs were selectively related to P3 amplitude rather than P3 latency. Specifically, the bootstrap-based mediation model indicates that P3 amplitude mediates the relationship between fitness level and attention performance. Possible explanations regarding the relationships among aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and brain potentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Graduate School of Human Sexuality, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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214
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An Analysis of the Effects of Smartphone Push Notifications on Task Performance with regard to Smartphone Overuse Using ERP. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 2016:5718580. [PMID: 27366147 PMCID: PMC4912993 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5718580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones are used ubiquitously worldwide and are essential tools in modern society. However, smartphone overuse is an emerging social issue, and limited studies have objectively assessed this matter. The majority of previous studies have included surveys or behavioral observation studies. Since a previous study demonstrated an association between increased push notifications and smartphone overuse, we investigated the effects of push notifications on task performance. We detected changes in brainwaves generated by smartphone push notifications using the N200 and P300 components of event-related potential (ERP) to investigate both concentration and cognitive ability. ERP assessment indicated that, in both risk and nonrisk groups, the lowest N200 amplitude and the longest latency during task performance were found when push notifications were delivered. Compared to the nonrisk group, the risk group demonstrated lower P300 amplitudes and longer latencies. In addition, the risk group featured a higher rate of error in the Go-Nogo task, due to the negative influence of smartphone push notifications on performance in both risk and nonrisk groups. Furthermore, push notifications affected subsequent performance in the risk group.
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215
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Age-dependent characteristics of feedback evaluation related to monetary gains and losses. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 122:42-49. [PMID: 27235583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the consequences of actions is of crucial importance in order to optimize behavior to the challenges of the environment. Recently the age-related aspects of this fundamentally important cognitive processing have been brought into the focus of investigation since behavioral monitoring and related control mechanisms are widely known to be affected by aging. Processing of feedback stimuli is a core mechanism for rapid evaluation of the functionally significant aspects of outcome, guiding behavior towards avoidance or approach. The aim of the present study was to analyze the age-related alterations in the most prominent electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P3 event-related potential components, using a two-choice-single-outcome gambling task with two amounts of monetary stakes. In terms of behavioral indices higher proportion of risky choices was observed after loss than after gain events in both groups. In the young the FRN component was found to be an indicator of the goodness of outcome (loss or gain), and the P3 showed a complex picture of feedback evaluation with selective sensitivity to large amount of gain. In contrast, in the elderly group outcome valence had no effect on the amplitude of the FRN, and the P3 was also insensitive of the complex outcome properties. As the ERP-correlates of feedback processing are not as pronounced in the elderly, it is suggested that normal aging is accompanied by an alteration of the neural mechanisms signaling the most salient feedback stimulus properties.
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216
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Weschke S, Niedeggen M. Target and Non-Target Processing during Oddball and Cyberball: A Comparative Event-Related Potential Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153941. [PMID: 27100787 PMCID: PMC4839683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of social exclusion can be investigated by using a virtual ball-tossing game called Cyberball. In neuroimaging studies, structures have been identified which are activated during social exclusion. But to date the underlying mechanisms are not fully disclosed. In previous electrophysiological studies it was shown that the P3 complex is sensitive to exclusion manipulations in the Cyberball paradigm and that there is a correlation between P3 amplitude and self-reported social pain. Since this posterior event-related potential (ERP) was widely investigated using the oddball paradigm, we directly compared the ERP effects elicited by the target (Cyberball: “ball possession”) and non-target (Cyberball: “ball possession of a co-player) events in both paradigms. Analyses mainly focused on the effect of altered stimulus probabilities of the target and non-target events between two consecutive blocks of the tasks. In the first block, the probability of the target and non-target event was 33% (Cyberball: inclusion), in the second block target probability was reduced to 17%, and accordingly, non-target probability was increased to 66% (Cyberball: exclusion). Our results indicate that ERP amplitude differences between inclusion and exclusion are comparable to ERP amplitude effects in a visual oddball task. We therefore suggest that ERP effects–especially in the P3 range–in the Oddball and Cyberball paradigm rely on similar mechanisms, namely the probability of target and non-target events. Since the simulation of social exclusion (Cyberball) did not trigger a unique ERP response, the idea of an exclusion-specific neural alarm system is not supported. The limitations of an ERP-based approach will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weschke
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Niedeggen
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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217
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Cholinergic modulation of auditory P3 event-related potentials as indexed by CHRNA4 and CHRNA7 genotype variation in healthy volunteers. Neurosci Lett 2016; 623:36-41. [PMID: 27109789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction within the realm of attentional processing. Reduced P3a and P3b event-related potentials (ERPs), indexing involuntary and voluntary attentional processing respectively, have been consistently observed in SZ patients who also express prominent cholinergic deficiencies. The involvement of the brain's cholinergic system in attention has been examined for several decades; however, further inquiry is required to further comprehend how abnormalities in this system affect neighbouring neurotransmitter systems and contribute to neurocognitive deficits. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the moderating role of the CHRNA4 (rs1044396), CHRNA7 (rs3087454), and SLC5A7 (rs1013940) genes on ERP indices of attentional processing in healthy volunteers (N=99; Caucasians and non-Caucasians) stratified by genotype and assessed using the auditory P300 "oddball" paradigm. Results indicated significantly greater P3a and P3b-indexed attentional processing for CT (vs. CC) CHRNA4 carriers and greater P3b for AA (vs. CC) CHRNA7 carriers. SLC5A7 allelic variants did not show significant differences in P3a and P3b processing. These findings expand our knowledge on the moderating effect of cholinergic genes on attention and could help inform targeted drug developments aimed at restoring attention deficits in SZ patients.
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218
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Tsai LT, Hsu JL, Wu CT, Chen CC, Su YC. A New Visual Stimulation Program for Improving Visual Acuity in Children with Visual Impairment: A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:157. [PMID: 27148014 PMCID: PMC4834310 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of visual rehabilitation of a computer-based visual stimulation (VS) program combining checkerboard pattern reversal (passive stimulation) with oddball stimuli (attentional modulation) for improving the visual acuity (VA) of visually impaired (VI) children and children with amblyopia and additional developmental problems. Six children (three females, three males; mean age = 3.9 ± 2.3 years) with impaired VA caused by deficits along the anterior and/or posterior visual pathways were recruited. Participants received eight rounds of VS training (two rounds per week) of at least eight sessions per round. Each session consisted of stimulation with 200 or 300 pattern reversals. Assessments of VA (assessed with the Lea symbol VA test or Teller VA cards), visual evoked potential (VEP), and functional vision (assessed with the Chinese-version Functional Vision Questionnaire, FVQ) were carried out before and after the VS program. Significant gains in VA were found after the VS training [VA = 1.05 logMAR ± 0.80 to 0.61 logMAR ± 0.53, Z = -2.20, asymptotic significance (2-tailed) = 0.028]. No significant changes were observed in the FVQ assessment [92.8 ± 12.6 to 100.8 ±SD = 15.4, Z = -1.46, asymptotic significance (2-tailed) = 0.144]. VEP measurement showed improvement in P100 latency and amplitude or integration of the waveform in two participants. Our results indicate that a computer-based VS program with passive checkerboard stimulation, oddball stimulus design, and interesting auditory feedback could be considered as a potential intervention option to improve the VA of a wide age range of VI children and children with impaired VA combined with other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Tsai
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Occupational Therapy-Low Vision Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, BirminghamAL, USA
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Section of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Wu
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Su
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationNew Taipei City, Taiwan
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219
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Mobascher A, Diaz-Lacava A, Wagner M, Gallinat J, Wienker TF, Drichel D, Becker T, Steffens M, Dahmen N, Gründer G, Thürauf N, Kiefer F, Kornhuber J, Toliat MR, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Steinlein O, Winterer G. Association of Common Polymorphisms in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha4 Subunit Gene with an Electrophysiological Endophenotype in a Large Population-Based Sample. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152984. [PMID: 27054571 PMCID: PMC4824511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in genes coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits affect cognitive processes and may contribute to the genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric disorders. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA4 gene that codes for the alpha4 subunit of alpha4/beta2-containing receptors have previously been implicated in aspects of (mostly visual) attention and smoking-related behavioral measures. Here we investigated the effects of six synonymous but functional CHRNA4 exon 5 SNPs on the N100 event-related potential (ERP), an electrophysiological endophenotype elicited by a standard auditory oddball. A total of N = 1,705 subjects randomly selected from the general population were studied with electroencephalography (EEG) as part of the German Multicenter Study on nicotine addiction. Two of the six variants, rs1044396 and neighboring rs1044397, were significantly associated with N100 amplitude. This effect was pronounced in females where we also observed an effect on reaction time. Sequencing of the complete exon 5 region in the population sample excluded the existence of additional/functional variants that may be responsible for the observed effects. This is the first large-scale population-based study investigation the effects of CHRNA4 SNPs on brain activity measures related to stimulus processing and attention. Our results provide further evidence that common synonymous CHRNA4 exon 5 SNPs affect cognitive processes and suggest that they also play a role in the auditory system. As N100 amplitude reduction is considered a schizophrenia-related endophenotype the SNPs studied here may also be associated with schizophrenia outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Diaz-Lacava
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. F. Wienker
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Drichel
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T. Becker
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - G. Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Thürauf
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Alexander University, University Hospital, Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Alexander University, University Hospital, Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. R. Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Steinlein
- Department of Human Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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220
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Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, De Lucia MC, Delle Chiaie R, Bersani FS, Spagnoli F, Minichino A, Currà A, Trompetto C, Fattapposta F. Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional processing of the stimulus: Evidence from an event-related potentials study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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221
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Sherif M, Radhakrishnan R, D'Souza DC, Ranganathan M. Human Laboratory Studies on Cannabinoids and Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:526-38. [PMID: 26970363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most compelling evidence supporting an association between cannabinoid agonists and psychosis comes from controlled laboratory studies in humans. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover laboratory studies demonstrate that cannabinoid agonists, including phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, produce a wide range of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms and psychophysiologic deficits in healthy human subjects that resemble the phenomenology of schizophrenia. These effects are time locked to drug administration, are dose related, and are transient and rarely necessitate intervention. The magnitude of effects is similar to the effects of ketamine but qualitatively distinct from other psychotomimetic drugs, including ketamine, amphetamine, and salvinorin A. Cannabinoid agonists have also been shown to transiently exacerbate symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia in laboratory studies. Patients with schizophrenia are more vulnerable than healthy control subjects to the acute behavioral and cognitive effects of cannabinoid agonists and experience transient exacerbation of symptoms despite treatment with antipsychotic medications. Furthermore, laboratory studies have failed to demonstrate any "beneficial" effects of cannabinoid agonists in individuals with schizophrenia-challenging the cannabis self-medication hypothesis. Emerging evidence suggests that polymorphisms of several genes related to dopamine metabolism (e.g., COMT, DAT1, and AKT1) may moderate the effects of cannabinoid agonists in laboratory studies. Cannabinoid agonists induce dopamine release, although the magnitude of release does not appear to be commensurate to the magnitude and spectrum of their acute psychotomimetic effects. Interactions between the endocannabinoid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate systems and their individual and interactive effects on neural oscillations provide a plausible mechanism underlying the psychotomimetic effects of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif
- Schizophrenia and Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Schizophrenia and Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Schizophrenia and Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Schizophrenia and Neuropharmacology Research Group, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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222
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Troup LJ, Bastidas S, Nguyen MT, Andrzejewski JA, Bowers M, Nomi JS. An Event-Related Potential Study on the Effects of Cannabis on Emotion Processing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149764. [PMID: 26926868 PMCID: PMC4772908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cannabis on emotional processing was investigated using event-related potential paradigms (ERPs). ERPs associated with emotional processing of cannabis users, and non-using controls, were recorded and compared during an implicit and explicit emotional expression recognition and empathy task. Comparisons in P3 component mean amplitudes were made between cannabis users and controls. Results showed a significant decrease in the P3 amplitude in cannabis users compared to controls. Specifically, cannabis users showed reduced P3 amplitudes for implicit compared to explicit processing over centro-parietal sites which reversed, and was enhanced, at fronto-central sites. Cannabis users also showed a decreased P3 to happy faces, with an increase to angry faces, compared to controls. These effects appear to increase with those participants that self-reported the highest levels of cannabis consumption. Those cannabis users with the greatest consumption rates showed the largest P3 deficits for explicit processing and negative emotions. These data suggest that there is a complex relationship between cannabis consumption and emotion processing that appears to be modulated by attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Troup
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Bastidas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maia T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Andrzejewski
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew Bowers
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jason S. Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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223
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Acute Behavioral and Long-Term Health Effects of Moderate Alcohol Use in Older Adults. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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224
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Real RG, Veser S, Erlbeck H, Risetti M, Vogel D, Müller F, Kotchoubey B, Mattia D, Kübler A. Information processing in patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1395-1402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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225
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P300 Detection Based on EEG Shape Features. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2029791. [PMID: 26881010 PMCID: PMC4736976 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2029791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to describe a P300 by a shape-feature vector, which offers several advantages over the feature vector used by the BCI2000 system. Additionally, we present a calibration algorithm that reduces the dimensionality of the shape-feature vector, the number of trials, and the electrodes needed by a Brain Computer Interface to accurately detect P300s; we also define a method to find a template that best represents, for a given electrode, the subject's P300 based on his/her own acquired signals. Our experiments with 21 subjects showed that the SWLDA's performance using our shape-feature vector was 93%, that is, 10% higher than the one obtained with BCI2000-feature's vector. The shape-feature vector is 34-dimensional for every electrode; however, it is possible to significantly reduce its dimensionality while keeping a high sensitivity. The validation of the calibration algorithm showed an averaged area under the ROC (AUROC) curve of 0.88. Also, most of the subjects needed less than 15 trials to have an AUROC superior to 0.8. Finally, we found that the electrode C4 also leads to better classification.
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226
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Dysfunctional information processing during an auditory event-related potential task in individuals with Internet gaming disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e721. [PMID: 26812042 PMCID: PMC5068886 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) leading to serious impairments in cognitive, psychological and social functions has gradually been increasing. However, very few studies conducted to date have addressed issues related to the event-related potential (ERP) patterns in IGD. Identifying the neurobiological characteristics of IGD is important to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition. P300 is a useful ERP component for investigating electrophysiological features of the brain. The aims of the present study were to investigate differences between patients with IGD and healthy controls (HCs), with regard to the P300 component of the ERP during an auditory oddball task, and to examine the relationship of this component to the severity of IGD symptoms in identifying the relevant neurophysiological features of IGD. Twenty-six patients diagnosed with IGD and 23 age-, sex-, education- and intelligence quotient-matched HCs participated in this study. During an auditory oddball task, participants had to respond to the rare, deviant tones presented in a sequence of frequent, standard tones. The IGD group exhibited a significant reduction in response to deviant tones compared with the HC group in the P300 amplitudes at the midline centro-parietal electrode regions. We also found a negative correlation between the severity of IGD and P300 amplitudes. The reduced amplitude of the P300 component in an auditory oddball task may reflect dysfunction in auditory information processing and cognitive capabilities in IGD. These findings suggest that reduced P300 amplitudes may be candidate neurobiological marker for IGD.
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227
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Andersen EH, Campbell AM, Schipul SE, Bellion CM, Donkers FCL, Evans AM, Belger A. Electrophysiological Correlates of Aberrant Motivated Attention and Salience Processing in Unaffected Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients. Clin EEG Neurosci 2016; 47:11-23. [PMID: 26251457 DOI: 10.1177/1550059415598063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit debilitating deficits in attention and affective processing, which are often resistant to treatment and associated with poor functional outcomes. Impaired orientation to task-relevant target information has been indexed by diminished P3b event-related potentials in patients, as well as their unaffected first-degree relatives, suggesting that P3b may be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. Despite intact affective valence processing, patients are unable to employ cognitive change strategies to reduce electrophysiological responses to aversive stimuli. Less is known about the attentional processing of emotionally salient task-irrelevant information in patients and unaffected first-degree relatives. The goal of the present study was to examine the neural correlates of salience processing, as indexed by the late positive potential (LPP), during the processing of emotionally salient distractor stimuli in 31 patients with SCZ, 28 first-degree relatives, and 47 control participants using an oddball paradigm. Results indicated that despite intact novelty detection (P3a), both SCZ and first-degree relatives demonstrated deficiencies in attentional processing, reflected in attenuated target-P3b, and aberrant motivated attention, with reduced early-LPP amplitudes for aversive stimuli relative to controls. First-degree relatives revealed a unique enhancement of the late-LPP response, possibly underlying an exaggerated evaluation of salient information and a compensatory engagement of neural circuitry. Furthermore, reduced early-LPP and target-P3b amplitudes were associated with enhanced symptom severity. These findings suggest that, in addition to P3b, LPP may be useful for monitoring clinical state. Future studies will explore the value of P3 and LPP responses as vulnerability markers for early detection and prediction of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alana M Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah E Schipul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn M Bellion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Franc C L Donkers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna M Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Our brains are highly responsive to novelty. However, how novelty is processed in the brain, and what neurotransmitter systems play a role therein, remains elusive. Here, we systematically review studies on human participants that have looked at the neuromodulatory basis of novelty detection and processing. While theoretical models and studies on nonhuman animals have pointed to a role of the dopaminergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, the human literature has focused almost exclusively on the first two. Dopamine was found to affect electrophysiological responses to novelty early in time after stimulus presentation, but evidence on its effects on later processing was found to be contradictory: While neuropharmacological studies mostly yielded null effects, gene studies did point to an important role for dopamine. Acetylcholine seems to dampen novelty signals in the medial temporal lobe, but boost them in frontal cortex. Findings on 5-HT (serotonin) were found to be mostly contradictory. Two large gaps were identified in the literature. First, few studies have looked at neuromodulatory influences on behavioral effects of novelty. Second, no study has looked at the involvement of the noradrenergic system in novelty processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rangel-Gomez
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Cognitive Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Meeter
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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229
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Ma R, Jia H, Yi F, Ming Q, Wang X, Gao Y, Yi J, Yao S. Electrophysiological responses of feedback processing are modulated by MAOA genotype in healthy male adolescents. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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230
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Troche SJ, Houlihan ME, Connolly JF, Dick BD, McGrath PJ, Finley GA, Stroink G. The effect of pain on involuntary and voluntary capture of attention. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:350-7. [PMID: 25056109 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is converging evidence for the notion that pain affects a broad range of attentional domains. This study investigated the influence of pain on the involuntary capture of attention as indexed by the P3a component in the event-related potential derived from the electroencephalogram. METHODS Participants performed in an auditory oddball task in a pain-free and a pain condition during which they submerged a hand in cold water. Novel, infrequent and unexpected auditory stimuli were presented randomly in a series of frequent standard and infrequent target tones. P3a and P3b amplitudes were observed to novel, unexpected and target-related stimuli, respectively. RESULTS Both electrophysiological components were characterized by reduced amplitudes in the pain compared with the pain-free condition. Hit rate and reaction time to target stimuli did not differ between the two conditions presumably because the experimental task was not difficult enough to exceed attentional capacities under pain conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that voluntary attention serving the maintenance and control of ongoing information processing (reflected by the P3b amplitude) is impaired by pain. In addition, the involuntary capture of attention and orientation to novel, unexpected information (measured by the P3a) is also impaired by pain. Thus, neurophysiological measures examined in this study support the theoretical positions proposing that pain can reduce attentional processing capacity. These findings have potentially important implications at the theoretical level for our understanding of the interplay of pain and cognition, and at the therapeutic level for the clinical treatment of individuals experiencing ongoing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Troche
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning, and Memory, University of Bern, Switzerland
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231
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Bachiller A, Romero S, Molina V, Alonso JF, Mañanas MA, Poza J, Hornero R. Auditory P3a and P3b neural generators in schizophrenia: An adaptive sLORETA P300 localization approach. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:318-325. [PMID: 26481687 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the neural substrates underlying cognitive processing in schizophrenia (Sz) patients. To this end, an auditory 3-stimulus oddball paradigm was used to identify P3a and P3b components, elicited by rare-distractor and rare-target tones, respectively. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded from 31 Sz patients and 38 healthy controls. The P3a and P3b brain-source generators were identified by time-averaging of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) current density images. In contrast with the commonly used fixed window of interest (WOI), we proposed to apply an adaptive WOI, which takes into account subjects' P300 latency variability. Our results showed different P3a and P3b source activation patterns in both groups. P3b sources included frontal, parietal and limbic lobes, whereas P3a response generators were localized over bilateral frontal and superior temporal regions. These areas have been related to the discrimination of auditory stimulus and to the inhibition (P3a) or the initiation (P3b) of motor response in a cognitive task. In addition, differences in source localization between Sz and control groups were observed. Sz patients showed lower P3b source activity in bilateral frontal structures and the cingulate. P3a generators were less widespread for Sz patients than for controls in right superior, medial and middle frontal gyrus. Our findings suggest that target and distractor processing involves distinct attentional subsystems, both being altered in Sz. Hence, the study of neuroelectric brain information can provide further insights to understand cognitive processes and underlying mechanisms in Sz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bachiller
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Romero
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain.
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; INCYL, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Joan F Alonso
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Mañanas
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain.
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; INCYL, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; IMUVA, Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; IMUVA, Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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232
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Selinski S, Getzmann S, Gajewski PD, Blaszkewicz M, Hengstler JG, Falkenstein M, Golka K. The ultra-slow NAT2*6A haplotype is associated with reduced higher cognitive functions in an elderly study group. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:2291-303. [PMID: 26615528 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype is associated with age-related declines in basic sensory hearing functions. However, the possible modulatory role of NAT2 for higher cognitive functions has not yet been studied. We tested auditory goal-directed behavior and attentional control in 120 NAT2 genotyped subjects (63-88 years), using an auditory distraction paradigm in which participants responded to the duration of long and short tone stimuli. We studied involuntary shifts in attention to task-irrelevant deviant stimuli and applied event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine which cognitive subprocesses are affected by NAT2 status on a neurophysiological level. Relative to the standard stimuli, deviant stimuli decreased performance in the recently described ultra-slow acetylators (NAT2*6A and *7B): The increase in error-corrected reaction times (a combined measure of response speed and accuracy) in ultra-slow acetylators (254 ms increase) was more than twice as high as in the rapid acetylator reference group (111 ms increase; p < 0.01). The increase was still higher than in the other slow acetylators (149 ms increase, p < 0.05). In addition, clear differences were found in the ERP results: Ultra-slow acetylators showed deficits specifically in the automatic detection of changes in the acoustic environment as evidenced by reduced mismatch negativity (MMN, p < 0.005 compared to rapid acetylators). Refocussing of attention after a distracting event was also impaired in the ultra-slow acetylators as evidenced by a reduced re-orienting negativity (RON, p < 0.01 compared to rapid acetylators). In conclusion, the ultra-slow acetylation status was associated with reduced higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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233
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Nieuwenhuis S, De Geus EJ, Aston-Jones G. The anatomical and functional relationship between the P3 and autonomic components of the orienting response. Psychophysiology 2015; 48:162-75. [PMID: 20557480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many psychophysiologists have noted the striking similarities between the antecedent conditions for the P3 component of the event-related potential and the orienting response: both are typically elicited by salient, unexpected, novel, task-relevant, and other motivationally significant stimuli. Although the close coupling of the P3 and orienting response has been well documented, the neural basis and functional role of this relationship is still poorly understood. Here we propose that the simultaneous occurrence of the P3 and autonomic components of the orienting response reflects the co-activation of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system by their common major afferent: the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a key sympathoexcitatory region. A comparison of the functional significance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system suggests that the P3 and orienting response reflect complementary cognitive and physical contributions to the mobilization for action following motivationally significant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Nieuwenhuis
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Eco J De Geus
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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234
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Watson TD, Newton-Mora M, Pirkle J. Event-related potential correlates of processing alcohol-related pictures in young adult binge drinkers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 42:77-87. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1099660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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235
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Kotz SA, Stockert A, Schwartze M. Cerebellum, temporal predictability and the updating of a mental model. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130403. [PMID: 25385781 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in a dynamic and changing environment, which necessitates that we adapt to and efficiently respond to changes of stimulus form ('what') and stimulus occurrence ('when'). Consequently, behaviour is optimal when we can anticipate both the 'what' and 'when' dimensions of a stimulus. For example, to perceive a temporally expected stimulus, a listener needs to establish a fairly precise internal representation of its external temporal structure, a function ascribed to classical sensorimotor areas such as the cerebellum. Here we investigated how patients with cerebellar lesions and healthy matched controls exploit temporal regularity during auditory deviance processing. We expected modulations of the N2b and P3b components of the event-related potential in response to deviant tones, and also a stronger P3b response when deviant tones are embedded in temporally regular compared to irregular tone sequences. We further tested to what degree structural damage to the cerebellar temporal processing system affects the N2b and P3b responses associated with voluntary attention to change detection and the predictive adaptation of a mental model of the environment, respectively. Results revealed that healthy controls and cerebellar patients display an increased N2b response to deviant tones independent of temporal context. However, while healthy controls showed the expected enhanced P3b response to deviant tones in temporally regular sequences, the P3b response in cerebellar patients was significantly smaller in these sequences. The current data provide evidence that structural damage to the cerebellum affects the predictive adaptation to the temporal structure of events and the updating of a mental model of the environment under voluntary attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja A Kotz
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Stockert
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Language and Aphasia Laboratory, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schwartze
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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236
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The P300 component wave reveals differences in subclinical anxious-depressive states during bimodal oddball tasks: An effect of stimulus congruence. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2108-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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237
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Solís-Vivanco R, Rodríguez-Violante M, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Schilmann A, Rodríguez-Ortiz U, Ricardo-Garcell J. The P3a wave: A reliable neurophysiological measure of Parkinson’s disease duration and severity. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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238
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Malone SM, Vaidyanathan U, Basu S, Miller MB, McGue M, Iacono WG. Heritability and molecular-genetic basis of the P3 event-related brain potential: a genome-wide association study. Psychophysiology 2015; 51:1246-58. [PMID: 25387705 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
P3 amplitude is a candidate endophenotype for disinhibitory psychopathology, psychosis, and other disorders. The present study is a comprehensive analysis of the behavioral- and molecular-genetic basis of P3 amplitude and a P3 genetic factor score in a large community sample (N = 4,211) of adolescent twins and their parents, genotyped for 527,829 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Biometric models indicated that as much as 65% of the variance in each measure was due to additive genes. All SNPs in aggregate accounted for approximately 40% to 50% of the heritable variance. However, analyses of individual SNPs did not yield any significant associations. Analyses of individual genes did not confirm previous associations between P3 amplitude and candidate genes but did yield a novel association with myelin expression factor 2 (MYEF2). Main effects of individual variants may be too small to be detected by GWAS without larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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239
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Wetzel N. Effects of the short-term learned significance of task-irrelevant sounds on involuntary attention in children and adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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240
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Chorlian DB, Rangaswamy M, Manz N, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Edenberg H, Kuperman S, Porjesz B. Gender modulates the development of theta event related oscillations in adolescents and young adults. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:342-52. [PMID: 26102560 PMCID: PMC4705839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7 Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. These tasks call upon attentional and working memory resources. Large differences in developmental rates between males and females were found; scalp location and task modality (visual or auditory) differences within males and females were small compared to gender differences. Trajectories of interregional and intermodal correlations between ERO power values exhibited increases with age in both genders, but showed a divergence in development between auditory and visual systems during ages 16 to 21. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and imaging studies and provide additional temporal detail about the development of neurophysiological indices of cognitive activity. Since measures of the P3 response has been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | | | - Niklas Manz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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241
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Demarquay G, Mauguière F. Central Nervous System Underpinnings of Sensory Hypersensitivity in Migraine: Insights from Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Studies. Headache 2015; 56:1418-1438. [PMID: 26350583 DOI: 10.1111/head.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas considerable data have been generated about the pathophysiology of pain processing during migraine attacks, relatively little is known about the neural basis of sensory hypersensitivity. In migraine, the term "hypersensitivity" encompasses different and probably distinct pathophysiological aspects of sensory sensitivity. During attacks, many patients have enhanced sensitivity to visual, auditory and/or olfactory stimuli, which can enhance headache while interictally, migraineurs often report abnormal sensitivity to environmental stimuli that can cause nonpainful discomfort. In addition, sensorial stimuli can influence and trigger the onset of migraine attacks. The pathophysiological mechanisms and the origin of such sensitivity (individual predisposition to develop migraine disease or consequence of repeated migraine attacks) are ill understood. Functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies allow for noninvasive measures of neuronal responses to external stimuli and have contributed to our understanding of mechanisms underlying sensory hypersensitivity in migraine. The purpose of this review is to present pivotal neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies that explored the basal state of brain responsiveness to sensory stimuli in migraineurs, the alterations in habituation and attention to sensory inputs, the fluctuations of responsiveness to sensory stimuli before and during migraine attacks, and the relations between sensory hypersensitivity and clinical sensory complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Demarquay
- Department of Neurology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France and Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team (Dycog), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France.
| | - François Mauguière
- Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer: Functional Neurology and Epilepsy Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Lyon, France, and Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Neuropain team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
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242
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Zhang C, Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Molfese PJ, Frost SJ, Magnuson JS, Peng G, Wang WSY. Functionally integrated neural processing of linguistic and talker information: An event-related fMRI and ERP study. Neuroimage 2015; 124:536-549. [PMID: 26343322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech signals contain information of both linguistic content and a talker's voice. Conventionally, linguistic and talker processing are thought to be mediated by distinct neural systems in the left and right hemispheres respectively, but there is growing evidence that linguistic and talker processing interact in many ways. Previous studies suggest that talker-related vocal tract changes are processed integrally with phonetic changes in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus (STG/STS), because the vocal tract parameter influences the perception of phonetic information. It is yet unclear whether the bilateral STG is also activated by the integral processing of another parameter - pitch, which influences the perception of lexical tone information and is related to talker differences in tone languages. In this study, we conducted separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) experiments to examine the spatial and temporal loci of interactions of lexical tone and talker-related pitch processing in Cantonese. We found that the STG was activated bilaterally during the processing of talker changes when listeners attended to lexical tone changes in the stimuli and during the processing of lexical tone changes when listeners attended to talker changes, suggesting that lexical tone and talker processing are functionally integrated in the bilateral STG. It extends the previous study, providing evidence for a general neural mechanism of integral phonetic and talker processing in the bilateral STG. The ERP results show interactions of lexical tone and talker processing 500-800ms after auditory word onset (a simultaneous posterior P3b and a frontal negativity). Moreover, there is some asymmetry in the interaction, such that unattended talker changes affect linguistic processing more than vice versa, which may be related to the ambiguity that talker changes cause in speech perception and/or attention bias to talker changes. Our findings have implications for understanding the neural encoding of linguistic and talker information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Zhang
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W Einar Mencl
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - James S Magnuson
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; CUHK-PKU-UST Joint Research Centre for Language and Human Complexity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William S-Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; CUHK-PKU-UST Joint Research Centre for Language and Human Complexity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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243
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Abstract
The effects of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on neurophysiological function are unclear. Using an auditory oddball paradigm, event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes and latencies were measured in 32 patients undertaking MMT, 17 opiate users who were addicted but not receiving substitution treatment and 25 healthy control subjects. Compared with healthy control subjects, the MMT and opiate user groups showed an increased P200 amplitude in response to target stimuli. The opiate user group also exhibited a decreased amplitude and an increased latency of N200, and a greater number of task-related errors than either healthy control subjects or patients undertaking MMT. There were no significant group differences in the P300 amplitude. However, it is noteworthy that the frontal P300 amplitude of the MMT group was greater than that of opiate users or healthy controls. Our findings suggest that altered sensory information processing associated with a history of opiate use remains in patients undertaking MMT. However, there are less marked ERP abnormalities in those receiving MMT than in active opiate users. The deficits in information processing associated with illicit opiate use are likely to be reduced during MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Kydd
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce R Russell
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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244
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245
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Bullock T, Cecotti H, Giesbrecht B. Multiple stages of information processing are modulated during acute bouts of exercise. Neuroscience 2015; 307:138-50. [PMID: 26318337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute bouts of aerobic physical exercise can modulate subsequent cognitive task performance and oscillatory brain activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we investigated the sequencing of these modulations of perceptual and cognitive processes using scalp recorded EEG acquired during exercise. Twelve participants viewed pseudo-random sequences of frequent non-target stimuli (cars), infrequent distractors (obliquely oriented faces) and infrequent targets that required a simple detection response (obliquely oriented faces, where the angle was different than the infrequent distractors). The sequences were presented while seated on a stationary bike under three conditions during which scalp recorded EEG was also acquired: rest, low-intensity exercise, and high-intensity exercise. Behavioral target detection was faster during high-intensity exercise compared to both rest and low-intensity exercise. An event-related potential (ERP) analysis of the EEG data revealed that the mean amplitude of the visual P1 component evoked by frequent non-targets measured at parietal-occipital electrodes was larger during low-intensity exercise compared to rest. The P1 component evoked by infrequent targets also peaked earlier during low-intensity exercise compared to rest and high-intensity exercise. The P3a ERP component evoked by infrequent distractors measured at parietal electrodes peaked significantly earlier during both low- and high-intensity exercise when compared to rest. The modulation of the visual P1 and the later P3a components is consistent with the conclusion that exercise modulates multiple stages of neural information processing, ranging from early stage sensory processing (P1) to post-perceptual target categorization (P3a).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bullock
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - H Cecotti
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - B Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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246
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Birnie LHW, Smallwood J, Reay J, Riby LM. Glucose and the wandering mind: not paying attention or simply out of fuel? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2903-10. [PMID: 25893640 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE/OBJECTIVES The impact of raising glycaemia by ingestion of a glucose drink has revealed cognitive facilitation, particularly for memory and attention. This study aimed to extend current knowledge by examining, for the first time, whether glucose load also moderates task-related (TRT) and task-unrelated thoughts (TUT) during activities that vary in their requirement for sustained attention. METHOD A 2 (25 g glucose vs. placebo) × 2 (fast vs. slow version of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART)) repeated measures, counterbalanced design was used with 16 healthy adults. Self-report questionnaires probed participants' levels of TRT and TUT during SART performance. Prior to testing, the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory (SIPI) was also administered to help pinpoint the nature of thought processes during the task before and after treatment. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed no significant effect of treatment; however, we report a pattern of results that is consistent with glucose facilitation effects on task accuracy for more demanding attention tasks (d = 0.56). Additionally, glucose improved the monitoring and task reflection as measured by TRT (d = 0.33) in the more demanding task but no effect on TUT. Probing the nature of thought processes further, we also report two novel correlations (in the placebo) between fears of failure (indexed by the SIPI) and the number of TUT episodes and perceived poor attention control (indexed by the SIPI) and number of TUT and speculate that glucose may act to buffer against TUT episodes under externally demanding situations. CONCLUSIONS These data extend previous research examining the glucose facilitation effect to the processing of internal thought processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H W Birnie
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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247
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Schomaker J, Meeter M. Short- and long-lasting consequences of novelty, deviance and surprise on brain and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:268-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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248
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Conde T, Gonçalves ÓF, Pinheiro AP. Paying attention to my voice or yours: An ERP study with words. Biol Psychol 2015; 111:40-52. [PMID: 26234962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-related stimuli-such as one's own face or name-seem to be processed differently from non-self stimuli and to involve greater attentional resources, as indexed by larger amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) component. Nonetheless, the differential processing of self-related vs. non-self information using voice stimuli is still poorly understood. The present study investigated the electrophysiological correlates of processing self-generated vs. non-self voice stimuli, when they are in the focus of attention. ERP data were recorded from twenty right-handed healthy males during an oddball task comprising pre-recorded self-generated (SGV) and non-self (NSV) voice stimuli. Both voices were used as standard and deviant stimuli in distinct experimental blocks. SGV was found to elicit more negative N2 and more positive P3 in comparison with NSV. No association was found between ERP data and voice acoustic properties. These findings demonstrated an earlier and later attentional bias to self-generated relative to non-self voice stimuli. They suggest that one's own voice representation may have a greater affective salience than an unfamiliar voice, confirming the modulatory role of salience on P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Conde
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pinheiro
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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249
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Sebastiani L, Castellani E, Gemignani A, Artoni F, Menicucci D. Inefficient stimulus processing at encoding affects formation of high-order general representation: A study on cross-modal word-stem completion task. Brain Res 2015; 1622:386-96. [PMID: 26168892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Priming is an implicit memory effect in which previous exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus. The main characteristic of priming is that it occurs without awareness. Priming takes place also when the physical attributes of previously studied and test stimuli do not match; in fact, it greatly refers to a general stimulus representation activated at encoding independently of the sensory modality engaged. Our aim was to evaluate whether, in a cross-modal word-stem completion task, negative priming scores could depend on inefficient word processing at study and therefore on an altered stimulus representation. Words were presented in the auditory modality, and word-stems to be completed in the visual modality. At study, we recorded auditory ERPs, and compared the P300 (attention/memory) and N400 (meaning processing) of individuals with positive and negative priming. Besides classical averaging-based ERPs analysis, we used an ICA-based method (ErpICASSO) to separate the potentials related to different processes contributing to ERPs. Classical analysis yielded significant difference between the two waves across the whole scalp. ErpICASSO allowed separating the novelty-related P3a and the top-down control-related P3b sub-components of P300. Specifically, in the component C3, the positive deflection identifiable as P3b, was significantly greater in the positive than in the negative priming group, while the late negative deflection corresponding to the parietal N400, was reduced in the positive priming group. In conclusion, inadequacy of specific processes at encoding, such as attention and/or meaning retrieval, could generate weak semantic representations, making words less accessible in subsequent implicit retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Castellani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular & Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy; Extreme Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Artoni
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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250
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Tripathi SM, Mishra N, Tripathi RK, Gurnani KC. P300 latency as an indicator of severity in major depressive disorder. Ind Psychiatry J 2015; 24:163-7. [PMID: 27212821 PMCID: PMC4866344 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.181726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental health problem across all the age groups. Still diagnostic techniques and laboratory tests are awaited to confirm it. Some studies focus on P300 latency to aid in the diagnosis of depression. Hence, this study was conducted to know whether P300 latency is an indicator of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS This study was conducted both on patients admitted in the hospital and those attending outdoor clinic giving written informed consent and fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria from the Department of Psychiatry, S.N. Medical College and Hospital, Agra. The sample consisted of 30 consecutive patients suffering from MDD as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria and 30 subjects as normal control. Sociodemographic and clinical history proforma, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D), and P300 were administered on all 60 subjects. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. RESULTS Significant difference (P < 0.0001) has been found in HAM-D mean scores of depressed and nondepressed control group subjects. The mean score of depressed group was significantly high (18.066) compared to nondepressed control group (4.833). Significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the mean of P300 latency in depressed and nondepressed control subjects was also found. Mean score of P300 latency in depressed group was significantly high (346.918 ± 19.515) compared to the nondepressed control subjects (303.741 ± 6.378). There was a significant difference in the mean of P300 latency between mild and severe (P < 0.0001), mild and very severe (P < 0.0003), as well as moderate and severe (P < 0.0001) level of depression. CONCLUSIONS P300 latency may be used as an indicator of MDD and it is directly proportional to the severity of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Mohan Tripathi
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K C Gurnani
- Department of Psychiatry, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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