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Zschäbitz S, Grüllich C. Lenvantinib: A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor of VEGFR 1-3, FGFR 1-4, PDGFRα, KIT and RET. Recent Results Cancer Res 2018; 211:187-198. [PMID: 30069768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91442-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα), and RET and KIT proto-oncogenes. Lenvatinib is approved for the treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and in combination with everolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma following anti-VEGF treatment. In hepatocellular carcinoma lenvatinib was non inferior to sorafenib in first line with an improved progression-free survival and approval in this indication is expected. Lenvatinib is currently investigated for further indications as single agent and in combinations. Side effects include typical TKI induced toxicities such as hypertension, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zschäbitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Grüllich
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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202
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Sun J, Xie L, Lv J, Zhang W, Lv J, Liang Y, Geng Y, Li X. Inhibitor of growth 4 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and induces apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6709-6717. [PMID: 30390334 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Sun
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yingzhou Geng
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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203
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Alsaab HO, Sau S, Alzhrani RM, Cheriyan VT, Polin LA, Vaishampayan U, Rishi AK, Iyer AK. Tumor hypoxia directed multimodal nanotherapy for overcoming drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma and reprogramming macrophages. Biomaterials 2018; 183:280-294. [PMID: 30179778 PMCID: PMC6414719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the significant clinical burden in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The development of drug resistance is attributed to many factors, including impairment of apoptosis, elevation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX, a marker of tumor hypoxia), and infiltration of tumorigenic immune cells. To alleviate the drug resistance, we have used Sorafenib (Sor) in combination with tumor hypoxia directed nanoparticle (NP) loaded with a new class of apoptosis inducer, CFM 4.16 (C4.16), namely CA IX-C4.16. The NP is designed to selectively deliver the payload to the hypoxic tumor (core), provoke superior cell death in parental (WT) and Everolimus-resistant (Evr-res) RCC and selectively downmodulate tumorigenic M2-macrophage. Copper-free 'click' chemistry was utilized for conjugating SMA-TPGS with Acetazolamide (ATZ, a CA IX-specific targeting ligand). The NP was further tagged with a clinically approved NIR dye (S0456) for evaluating hypoxic tumor core penetration and organ distribution. Imaging of tumor spheroid treated with NIR dye-labeled CA IX-SMA-TPGS revealed remarkable tumor core penetration that was modulated by CA IX-mediated targeting in hypoxic-A498 RCC cells. The significant cell killing effect with synergistic combination index (CI) of CA IX-C4.16 and Sor treatment suggests efficient reversal of Evr-resistance in A498 cells. The CA IX directed nanoplatform in combination with Sor has shown multiple benefits in overcoming drug resistance through (i) inhibition of p-AKT, (ii) upregulation of tumoricidal M1 macrophages resulting in induction of caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis of Evr-res A498 cells in macrophage-RCC co-culturing condition, (iii) significant in vitro and in vivo Evr-res A498 tumor growth inhibition as compared to individual therapy, and (iv) untraceable liver and kidney toxicity in mice. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of CA IX-SMA-TPGS-S0456 in Evr-res A498 RCC model exhibited significant accumulation of CA IX-oligomer in tumor core with >3-fold higher tumor uptake as compared to control. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates versatile tumor hypoxia directed nanoplatform that can work in synergy with existing drugs for reversing drug-resistance in RCC accompanied with re-education of tumor-associated macrophages, that could be applied universally for several hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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204
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Saleeb RM, Farag M, Lichner Z, Brimo F, Bartlett J, Bjarnason G, Finelli A, Rontondo F, Downes MR, Yousef GM. Modulating ATP binding cassette transporters in papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2 enhances its response to targeted molecular therapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1673-1688. [PMID: 29896907 PMCID: PMC6165997 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the most common nonclear cell RCCs and is known to comprise two histological subtypes. PRCC2 is more aggressive and is molecularly distinct from the other subtypes. Despite this, PRCCs are treated together as one entity, and they show poor response to the current therapies that do not target pathways implicated in their pathogenesis. We have previously detected ABCC2 (an ABC transporter), VEGF, and mTOR pathways to be enriched in PRCC2. In this study, we assess the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways in PRCC2. Twenty RCC cell lines from the Cancer Cell Encyclopedia were compared to the Cancer Genome Atlas PRCC cohort (290), to identify representative PRCC2 cell lines. Cell lines were further validated in xenograft models. Selected cell lines were treated in vitro and in vivo (mice models) under five different conditions, untreated, anti-VEGF (sunitinib), ABCC2 blocker (MK571), mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) and sunitinib + MK571. Sunitinib +ABCC2 blocker group showed a significant response to therapy compared to the other treatment groups both in vitro (P ≤ 0.0001) and in vivo (P = 0.0132). ABCC2 blockage resulted in higher sunitinib uptake, both in vitro (P = 0.0016) and in vivo (P = 0.0031). Everolimus group demonstrated the second best response in vivo. The double-treatment group showed the highest apoptotic rate and lowest proliferation rate. There is an urgent need for individualized therapies of RCC subtypes that take into account their specific biology. Our results demonstrate that combined targeted therapy with sunitinib and ABCC2 blocker in PRCC2 has therapeutic potential. The results are likewise potentially significant for other ABCC2 high tumors. However, the results are preliminary and clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects in PRCC2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola M. Saleeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoCanada
| | - Mina Farag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of PathologyMcGill University Health CenterMontrealCanada
| | - Jenni Bartlett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Georg Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology and HematologySunnybrook Health SciencesTorontoCanada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Fabio Rontondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | | | - George M. Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoCanada
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205
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Liu F, Shangli Z, Hu Z. CAV2 promotes the growth of renal cell carcinoma through the EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6209-6216. [PMID: 30288056 PMCID: PMC6163017 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-2 (CAV2) is reported to have an important role in cancer. The following study investigated the expression and function of CAV2 in kidney cancer in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to determine CAV2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in kidney cancer cell line OS-RC-2 and clinical specimens. The role of CAV2 in maintaining kidney cancer malignant phenotype was examined by wound healing assay, Matrigel invasion assays and mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Results Higher expression of CAV2 was found in renal cell carcinoma tissue compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, increased expression of CAV2 was associated with cancer progression. Also, silencing of CAV2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of EGFR, PI3K and p-Akt in OS-RC-2 cells in vitro, and OS-RC-2 xenograft growth in vivo. Conclusion Our results revealed that CAV2 promotes the growth of renal cell carcinoma through EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi Shangli
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhili Hu
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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206
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Deng W, Han W, Fan T, Wang X, Cheng Z, Wan B, Chen J. Scutellarin inhibits human renal cancer cell proliferation and migration via upregulation of PTEN. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1505-1513. [PMID: 30257368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellarin is a naturally flavone glycoside that has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities among various human malignancies. However, the anti-cancer effect of Scutellarin in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND MATERIALS RCC cell lines ACHN and 786-O were treated with different concentrations (0-210 μM) of Scutellarin in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell invasion and migration were detected by Transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to investigate the expression levels of crucial proteins. Xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Scutellarin significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Treatment of RCC cells with Scutellarin (30, 60, and 90 μM) markedly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent characteristic. Cell invasion and migration capacities of RCC cells were also dose-dependently suppressed by Scutellarin treatment. Western blot assays revealed that the crucial proteins including cyclin D1, CDK2, Bcl2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly reduced while Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and p21 were increased by Scutellarin in RCC cells. In vivo assay indicated that Scutellarin possessed anti-cancer effect on xenograft without triggering toxic effect. Mechanically, Scutellarin dramatically increased the protein level of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and inhibited the activity of P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Ectopic expression of PTEN enhanced the inhibitory effect of Scutellarin on RCC proliferation while knockdown of PTEN abrogated it through regulating its downstream P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Scutellarin inhibited RCC cell proliferation and invasion partially by enhancing the expression of PTEN through inhibition of P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting that Scutellarin might serve as a potential therapeutic agent in RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medical Equipment, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, 710068, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoku Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road of Weiyang District, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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207
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Integrated Phenotypic/Genotypic Analysis of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes: Identification of Prognostic Markers, Cancer-related Pathways, and Implications for Therapy. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 4:740-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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208
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Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1483-1496. [PMID: 30263000 PMCID: PMC6158718 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are not available. Therefore, the mechanisms leading to obesity and diabetes and more effective ways to treat obesity and diabetes should be identified. Based on accumulated evidences, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is required for normal metabolism due to its characteristics, and its imbalance leads to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on the role of PI3K/AKT signalling in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, brain and pancreas, and discusses how this signalling pathway affects the development of the aforementioned diseases. We also summarize evidences for recently identified therapeutic targets of the PI3K/AKT pathway as treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PI3K/AKT pathway damaged in various tissues of the body leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes as the result of insulin resistance, and in turn, insulin resistance exacerbates the PI3K/AKT pathway, forming a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen (518055), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China
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209
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Roelants C, Giacosa S, Pillet C, Bussat R, Champelovier P, Bastien O, Guyon L, Arnoux V, Cochet C, Filhol O. Combined inhibition of PI3K and Src kinases demonstrates synergistic therapeutic efficacy in clear-cell renal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30066-30078. [PMID: 30046388 PMCID: PMC6059021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of PI3K (GDC-0941) and Src (Saracatinib) exhibit as individual agents, excellent oral anticancer activity in preclinical models and have entered phase II clinical trials in various cancers. We found that PI3K and Src kinases are dysregulated in clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs), an aggressive disease without effective targeted therapies. In this study we addressed this challenge by testing GDC-0941 and Saracatinib as either single agents or in combination in ccRCC cell lines, as well as in mouse and PDX models. Our findings demonstrate that combined inhibition of PI3K and Src impedes cell growth and invasion and induces cell death of renal carcinoma cells providing preclinical evidence for a pairwise combination of these anticancer drugs as a rational strategy to improve renal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roelants
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Pillet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1038, CEA, BIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Bussat
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Bastien
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-CEA-INRA, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Arnoux
- Centre Hospitalier Université Grenoble-Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
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210
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Ha YS, Kim YY, Yu NH, Chun SY, Choi SH, Lee JN, Kim BS, Yoo ES, Kwon TG. Down-regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin member 7 prevents migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells via inactivation of the Src and Akt pathway. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 59:263-274. [PMID: 29984342 PMCID: PMC6028469 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transient receptor potential melastatin member 7 (TRPM7), an ion channel and serine/threonine protein kinase, has been linked with distinct human malignancies. However, the role of TRPM7 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to determine whether TRPM7 regulates the migration and invasion of RCC cells. Its relationship with signal transduction pathways was also studied. Materials and Methods The human RCC cell lines ACHN and SN12C were chosen for this study. The molecular mechanisms of TRPM7 action were studied using Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown. The effect of TRPM7 knockdown on RCC cells was measured by using Transwell invasion and wound healing migration assays. Results siRNA-induced silencing of TRPM7 notably decreased the migration and invasion of ACHN and SN12C RCC cells. The phosphorylation levels of Src in both cells were obviously reduced after TRPM7 silencing compared with that of the control ACHN and SN12C cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of Akt were greatly decreased in ACHN cells after siRNA-induced knockdown of TRPM7. Additionally, the treatment of cells with Src and Akt inhibitors clearly limited the migration and invasion of RCC cells. Conclusions Our data show that TRPM7 regulated ACHN and SN12C RCC cell invasion via the Src/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting the Src/Akt signaling pathway and/or the expression or function of TRPM7 could be a potential beneficial treatment for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Na Hee Yu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seock Hwan Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yoo
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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211
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Zhang LL, Zhang LF, Shi YB. Down-regulated paxillin suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization in colon cancer. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1285-1295. [PMID: 29924724 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The paxillin and M2 macrophage are all involved in cell proliferation and tumor progression, and this study aims to explore the interaction between them in colon cancer and the role of paxillin in cancer progression. Expression of mRNAs and proteins was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, separately. Endogenous expression of genes was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. The levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cell viability, invasion and migration were detected using the MTT assay, the transwell assay and the wound-healing cell migration assay, respectively. A nude mouse model for human colon cancer was constructed for tumor orthotopic expression. Paxillin was up-regulated in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Paxillin was up-regulated in process of M2 macrophage polarization. M2 macrophage polarization was inhibited with paxillin suppressed. Down-regulated paxillin inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in colon cancer through suppressing M2 macrophage polarization. PI3k/Akt inhibitor repressed M2 macrophage polarization through down-regulating paxillin. PI3k/Akt inhibitor inhibited the function of the macrophage in promoting cell proliferation and invasion of colon cancer through down-regulating paxillin. Down-regulated paxillin in macrophages inhibited tumor growth of colon cancer. With the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibited, down-regulated paxillin suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the M2 macrophage polarization, thereby restraining the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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212
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Pan Y, Hu J, Ma J, Qi X, Zhou H, Miao X, Zheng W, Jia L. MiR-193a-3p and miR-224 mediate renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase IV and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1067-1077. [PMID: 29667779 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related death in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely known to modulate proliferation invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and novel target of miR-193a-3p and miR-224 in RCC. The levels of miR-193a-3p and miR-224 were significantly increased in RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. Alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase IV (ST3GalIV) was highly expressed in adjacent nontumor tissues and human normal proximal tubular cell line HK-2 compared to RCC tissues and cell lines. ST3GalIV expression was negatively correlated with miR-193a-3p and miR-224. Further analysis indicated that miR-193a-3p and miR-224 directly targeted ST3GalIV. MiR-193a-3p and miR-224 increased cell proliferation and migration by directly inhibiting ST3GalIV, and this effect was reversed by co-transfection with ST3GalIV in vitro. Overexpression of miR-193a-3p and miR-224 increased RCC cell proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was mediated by miR-193a-3p and miR-224 in RCC cell lines. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-193a-3p and miR-224 played an important role in regulation of RCC by targeting ST3GalIV via PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jialei Hu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Ma
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xia Qi
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Miao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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213
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Chen JM, Bai JY, Yang KX. Effect of resveratrol on doxorubicin resistance in breast neoplasm cells by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:491-500. [PMID: 29637742 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we probed into the effect of Resveratrol (RES) on Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast neoplasm cell line MCF-7/DOX as well as the mechanism of RES underlying the DOX-resistant breast cancer. CCK-8 assay was utilized to assess the survival rates and sensitivity of breast neoplasm cell lines MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 to DOX and RES. DOX-resistant MCF-7 cell line was successfully cultivated with DOX dose increasing and was named MCF-7/DOX. Afterwards, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to measure the migration and invasion capabilities of MCF-7/DOX cells, while cell propagation and apoptosis were determined by colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Both western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the expression of proteins involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Nude mice xenograft model was constructed to further verify the effects of DOX and RES on breast neoplasm in vivo. RES restored DOX sensitivity in MCF-7/DOX cells, inhibiting biological functions of MCF-7/DOX cells and promoting cell apoptosis in vitro and impeding tumor growth in vivo. It was revealed by the mechanistic studies that MCF-7/DOX cells could regain the drug sensibility with RES treatment through inactivating the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. RES could reverse DOX resistance in breast neoplasm cells and inhibited DOX-resistant breast cancer cell propagation and metastasis and facilitated cell apoptosis by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):491-500, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Min Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jun-Yun Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Kun-Xian Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
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214
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Zhang S, He J, Jia Z, Yan Z, Yang J. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 enhances tumorigenesis and is indicative of a poor prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:243.e9-243.e20. [PMID: 29503142 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is highly expressed in various cancers, whereas ACSS2 expression and function in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are unknown. METHODS We investigated ACSS2 expression in 198 human RCC tissues using immunohistochemistry, and analyzed its clinicopathological correlation and prognostic relevance. Overexpression and knockdown of ACSS2 were used to investigate the proliferation, migration and invasion of human RCC 786-O, 769-P, and ACHN cell lines. RESULTS High-ACSS2 expression was associated with advanced T stage (P = 0.008), advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.015) and high University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Staging System score category (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis identified high-ACSS2 expression as a poor prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.83, P = 0.038) and overall survival (HR = 1.60, P = 0.043). Cell-based functional assays showed that ACSS2 knockdown inhibited RCC cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas overexpression of ACSS2 enhanced these effects. ACSS2 silencing inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION ACSS2 may increase tumor progression and aggressive behavior and be an independent prognostic factor in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojin Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Juanjuan He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zechen Yan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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215
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Yang J, Zou Y, Jiang D. Honokiol suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via regulation of the miR‑21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1845-1854. [PMID: 29393336 PMCID: PMC5810212 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK) is a small biphenolic compound, which exerts antineoplastic effects in various types of cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of HNK in osteosarcoma (OS) cells is not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve key roles in numerous pathological processes, including cancer. It has previously been reported that Chinese medicinal herbs harbor anticancer properties via modulating miRNA expression. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether HNK could suppress OS cell growth by regulating miRNA expression. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the cell proliferation and apoptosis in human OS cells after treatment with HNK, respectively. The results demonstrated that HNK inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HNK-induced apoptosis was characterized by upregulation of proapoptotic proteins, including cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein, and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) verified that HNK was able to induce aberrant expression of miRNAs in human OS cells, and miR-21 was one of the miRNAs that was most significantly downregulated. To further investigate miR-21 function, the present study validated that HNK reduces miR-21 levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, restoration of miR-21 expression abrogated the suppressive effects of HNK on OS cells. Luciferase assay and western blot analysis identified that miR-21 inhibits the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) by directly targeting its 3′-UTR. Notably, HNK was able to suppress the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway; however, it was reactivated by miR-21 overexpression. Taken together, these data indicated that HNK may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human OS cells by modulating the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-21 may be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma with HNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Dianmin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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216
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Nogueira I, Dias F, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. miRNAs as potential regulators of mTOR pathway in renal cell carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:249-261. [PMID: 29334302 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most commonly occurring solid cancer of the adult kidney with the majority of RCC cases being detected accidentally. The most aggressive subtype is clear cell RCC (ccRCC). miRNAs, a family of small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression have been identified as key biological modulators. The von Hippel-Lindau pathway is one of the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ccRCC. Another oncogenic mechanism involves the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and serves as a central regulator of cell metabolism, proliferation and survival. Several studies have described the involvement of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis and progression of ccRCC. These molecules can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, allowing response to therapy to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League, Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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217
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Yang Z, Xie H, He D, Li L. Infiltrating macrophages increase RCC epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell-like populations via AKT and mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44478-44491. [PMID: 27283897 PMCID: PMC5190112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating macrophages are a key component of inflammation during tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role of macrophages in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially in the stage of RCC malignant progression, is still unclear. Here, we found the macrophages could be recruited more easily into RCC tissues than the surrounding non-tumor tissues. In vitro co-culture system also confirmed RCC cells had a better capacity to recruit macrophages via CXCL8 signaling than normal renal epithelial cells. The consequences of recruiting more macrophages may then increase RCC cells invasion abilities. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating macrophages could function through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased cancer stem cell-like populations via activation of AKT/mTOR signal, and then led to increasing RCC cells invasion. The orthotopically xenografted mouse model with RCC cells and macrophages also confirmed that infiltrating macrophages could increase RCC cells progression via AKT/mTOR signal. Together, our results reveal a new mechanism that macrophages in the RCC tumor microenvironment could increase RCC metastasis via activation of the AKT/mTOR signals. Targeting this newly identified signaling may help us to better inhibit RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dalin He
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lei Li
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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218
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Zhu M, Ying J, Lin C, Wang Y, Huang K, Zhou Y, Teng H. β-Escin inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells via blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29637-29644. [PMID: 35547316 PMCID: PMC9085260 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Escin exhibits anticancer effects on a panel of established cancer cells. However, the effects of β-escin on human osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether β-escin was effective against OS both in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that β-escin induced dose- and time-dependent effects against MG-63, OS732, U-2OS, HOS and SAOS-2 cell proliferation. β-Escin also exhibited excellent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in an established OS xenograft model. β-Escin and cytotoxic drugs, including cisplatin, methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (Dox) and ifosfamide (Ifos), synergistically inhibited proliferation of MG-63 and OS732 cells in vitro. Moreover, β-escin induced apoptotic death, activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and regulated expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in MG-63 cells. In addition, our results showed that β-escin treatment reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR both in MG-63 cells and in an MG-63 xenograft OS model. Interestingly, SC79, which is an Akt activator, inhibited the anti-proliferative effects of β-escin on MG-63 cells. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that β-escin effectively inhibits OS proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effect of β-escin, at least in part, is due to the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. β-Escin exhibits anticancer effects on a panel of established cancer cells. However, the effects of β-escin on human osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Jinwei Ying
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Chaowei Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Kelun Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
| | - Honglin Teng
- Department of Spine Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325000
- China
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219
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Kaminska K, Czarnecka AM, Khan MI, Fendler W, Klemba A, Krasowski P, Bartnik E, Szczylik C. Effects of cell-cell crosstalk on gene expression patterns in a cell model of renal cell carcinoma lung metastasis. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:768-786. [PMID: 29286165 PMCID: PMC5807041 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The median survival rate of patients with metastatic renal carcinoma is approximately 10 to 12 months, with up to 50% of patients developing metastases in the lung parenchyma. The molecular basis for metastatic development remains unclear. In the present study, we used renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and bronchial epithelial cells, representing metastasis target organ cells, conditioned medium and co-culture models to identify specific gene expression changes responsible for cancer cell viability in a metastatic microenvironment. RCC cell proliferation and migration increased when the culture was supplemented with conditioned medium from lung fibroblasts or pleural epithelial cells. Healthy epithelial cells were, in turn, also stimulated with conditioned medium from RCC cell lines. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin (IL)-6, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) signaling pathways were identified as deregulated upon cell‑cell interaction. Thus, cell-cell communication may contribute to the development of the metastatic niche. The identified deregulated signaling pathways may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in metastatic renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaminska
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Krasowski
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02‑106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
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220
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Xu Q, Junttila S, Scherer A, Giri KR, Kivelä O, Skovorodkin I, Röning J, Quaggin SE, Marti HP, Shan J, Samoylenko A, Vainio SJ. Renal carcinoma/kidney progenitor cell chimera organoid as a novel tumorigenesis gene discovery model. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1503-1515. [PMID: 29084770 PMCID: PMC5769601 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids provide a new way to model various diseases, including cancer. We made use of recently developed kidney-organ-primordia tissue-engineering technologies to create novel renal organoids for cancer gene discovery. We then tested whether our novel assays can be used to examine kidney cancer development. First, we identified the transcriptomic profiles of quiescent embryonic mouse metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and of MM in which the nephrogenesis program had been induced ex vivo. The transcriptome profiles were then compared to the profiles of tumor biopsies from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, and control samples from the same kidneys. Certain signature genes were identified that correlated in the developmentally induced MM and RCC, including components of the caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling pathway. An efficient siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of Bnip3, Gsn, Lgals3, Pax8, Cav1, Egfr or Itgb2 gene expression was achieved in mouse RCC (Renca) cells. The live-cell imaging analysis revealed inhibition of cell migration and cell viability in the gene-KD Renca cells in comparison to Renca controls. Upon siRNA treatment, the transwell invasion capacity of Renca cells was also inhibited. Finally, we mixed E11.5 MM with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-expressing Renca cells to establish chimera organoids. Strikingly, we found that the Bnip3-, Cav1- and Gsn-KD Renca-YFP+ cells as a chimera with the MM in 3D organoid rescued, in part, the RCC-mediated inhibition of the nephrogenesis program during epithelial tubules formation. Altogether, our research indicates that comparing renal ontogenesis control genes to the genes involved in kidney cancer may provide new growth-associated gene screens and that 3D RCC-MM chimera organoids can serve as a novel model with which to investigate the behavioral roles of cancer cells within the context of emergent complex tissue structures. Editor’s Choice: Chimeras between embryonic kidney cells and renal carcinoma cells serve as a novel model to assay the roles of co-regulated genes in kidney development and renal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Junttila
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Khem Raj Giri
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oona Kivelä
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,ValiFinn, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Röning
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Medicine-Nephrology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoly Samoylenko
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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221
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Gooskens SL, Klasson TD, Gremmels H, Logister I, Pieters R, Perlman EJ, Giles RH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. TCF21 hypermethylation regulates renal tumor cell clonogenic proliferation and migration. Mol Oncol 2017; 12:166-179. [PMID: 29080283 PMCID: PMC5792742 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified hypermethylation at the gene promoter of transcription factor 21 (TCF21) in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), a rare pediatric renal tumor. TCF21 is a transcription factor involved in tubular epithelial development of the kidney and is a candidate tumor suppressor. As there are no in vitro models of CCSK, we employed a well-established clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell line, 786-O, which also manifests high methylation at the TCF21 promoter, with consequent low TCF21 expression. The tumor suppressor function of TCF21 has not been functionally addressed in ccRCC cells; we aimed to explore the functional potential of TCF21 expression in ccRCC cells in vitro. 786-O clones stably transfected with either pBABE-TCF21-HA construct or pBABE vector alone were functionally analyzed. We found that ectopic expression of TCF21 in 786-O cells results in a trend toward decreased cell proliferation (not significant) and significantly decreased migration compared with mock-transfected 786-O cells. Although the number of colonies established in colony formation assays was not different between 786-O clones, colony size was significantly reduced in 786-O cells expressing TCF21. To investigate whether the changes in migration were due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes, we interrogated the expression of selected epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Although we observed upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin in clones overexpressing TCF21, this did not result in surface expression of E-cadherin as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, mRNA expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin (VIM) and SNAI1 was not significantly decreased in TCF21-expressing 786-O cells, while protein levels of VIM were markedly decreased. We conclude that re-expression of TCF21 in renal cancer cells that have silenced their endogenous TCF21 locus through hypermethylation results in reduced clonogenic proliferation, reduced migration, and reduced mesenchymal-like characteristics, suggesting a tumor suppressor function for transcription factor 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia L Gooskens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy D Klasson
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ive Logister
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth J Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, IL, USA
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen X, Gao B, Ponnusamy M, Lin Z, Liu J. MEF2 signaling and human diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112152-112165. [PMID: 29340119 PMCID: PMC5762387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) protein family was previously believed to function in the development of heart and muscle. Recent reports indicate that they are also closely associated with development and progression of many human diseases. Although their role in cancer biology is well established, the molecular mechanisms underlying their action is yet largely unknown. MEF2 family is closely associated with various signaling pathways, including Ca2+ signaling, MAP kinase signaling, Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, etc. microRNAs also contribute to regulate the activities of MEF2. In this review, we summarize the known molecular mechanism by which MEF2 family contribute to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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223
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Spirina LV, Usynin EA, Yurmazov ZA, Slonimskaya EM, Kondakova IV. Effect of Targeted Therapy With Pazopanib on Expression Levels of Transcription, Growth Factors and Components of AKT/m-TOR Signaling Pathway in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2977-2983. [PMID: 29172268 PMCID: PMC5773780 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of the targeted therapy on cancer molecular markers remains currently unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and content of transcription, growth factors and components of the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway in kidney cancer patients before and after targeted therapy with pazopanib. Methods: A total of 157 patients with renal cell carcinoma were enrolled into the study. The level of mRNA expression was investigated by real-time PCR, and the contents of transcription and growth factors, as well as the levels of AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components were determined by ELISA and Western blotting. Results: Targeted therapy with pazopanib resulted in a 3.1-fold decrease in HIF-2α expression that was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of NF-κB p65 and p50, HIF-1α and CAIX. The levels of GSK-3ß and AKT mRNA were increased; however, the levels of corresponding proteins remained low. The targeted therapy with pazopanib did not influence the level of PTEN phosphatase. A 1.9-fold increase in the level of p70 S6 (S371) was observed after therapy. Conclusion: The efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors is associated with the changes in the angiogenic factors. Molecular characteristics of cancer could determine markers of disease progression as well as potential targets for anticancer therapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Spirina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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224
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Wang L, Peng Z, Wang K, Qi Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, An X, Luo S, Zheng J. NDUFA4L2 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma malignancy and is regulated by ELK1. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4065. [PMID: 29158991 PMCID: PMC5695248 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and lethal cancer of the adult kidney. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully understood till now, which hinders the therapeutic development of ccRCC. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) was found to be upregulated and play an important role in ccRCC. We aimed to further investigate the underlying mechanisms by which NDUFA4L2 exerted function and its expression level was upregulated. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were mined to verify the change of NDUFA4L2 expression level in ccRCC tissues. The correlation between expression level of NDUFA4L2 and cell proliferation/apoptosis was explored by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of NDUFA4L2 was constructed. Biological process and involved pathways of NDUFA4L2 were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The transcription factors (TFs) which can induce the expression of NDUFA4L2 were explored in clinical samples by correlation analysis and its regulation on the expression of NDUFA4L2 was verified by knockdown experiment. Results NDUFA4L2 was verified to be overexpressed in ccRCC tissues and its expression level was increased accordingly as the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage progressed. A high NDUFA4L2 level predicted the poor prognosis of ccRCC patients and correlated with enhanced cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. NDUFA4L2 may interact with 14 tumor-related proteins, participate in growth and death processes and be involved in ccRCC-related pathways, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase serine/threonine protein kinase (PI3K/AKT). ETS domain-containing protein ELK1 level positively correlated with the level of NDUFA4L2 in ccRCC tissues and ELK1 could regulate the expression of NDUFA4L2 in ccRCC cells. Discussion NDUFA4L2 upregulation was associated with ccRCC malignancy. NDUFA4L2 expression was regulated by ELK1 in ccRCC cells. Our study provided potential mechanisms by which NDUFA4L2 affected ccRCC occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Insect-Pollinator, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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225
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Lv XY, Ma L, Chen JF, Yu R, Li Y, Yan ZJ, Cheng Y, Ma Q. Knockdown of DUXAP10 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:288-294. [PMID: 29115412 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DUXAP10 is a member of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and has been reported to be upregulated in bladder cancer (BC) tissues. However, the biological functions of DUXAP10 in BC are largely unknown. The present study detected the expression of DUXAP10 in human normal bladder cell SV‑HUC‑1 and BC cell lines. Subsequently, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed by knockdown of the DUXAP10 expression. Results suggested that the expression level of DUXAP10 was significantly enhanced in cancer cells. After knockdown of DUXAP10, cell proliferation was inhibited, cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis was increased in T24 and 5637 cells. Western blot analysis detected that knockdown of DUXAP10 decreased the expression of Bcl-xL, cyclin D and CDK4. This increased the expression of Bad, cleaved caspase‑3, cleaved caspase-9, and p27. Further studies indicated that knockdown of DUXAP10 inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Combining these results, our study suggests that DUXAP10 plays an important role in BC and DUXAP10 inhibition is a potential therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yi Lv
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Yan
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Key Laboratory of Ningbo, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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226
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Jiang D, Cho WC, Li Z, Xu X, Qu Y, Jiang Z, Guo L, Xu G. MiR-758-3p suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting MDM2 and mTOR. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:535-544. [PMID: 29032337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and among the leading causes of cancer-related death. Although deregulation of microRNAs has been frequently described in HCC, imperfection is known about the precise molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs modulate the process of tumorogenesis and behavior of cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-758-3p could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We screened and identified two novel miR-758-3p targets, MDM2 and mTOR. Up-regulation of miR-758-3p could specifically and markedly down-regulate the expression of MDM2 and mTOR. Additionally, miR-758-3p over-expression displayed significant suppression in HCC development. To identify the mechanisms, we further investigated the P53 and mTOR pathway and found that p-p70S6 kinase(Ser371), p-p70 S6 kinase(Thr389) and p-4E-BP1were dramatically down-regulated after miR-758-3p transfection, while an enhanced expression of P53, AKT and PRAS40 were visualized, thus suggesting that the role of miR-758-3p in HCC progression may be associated with MDM2-p53 and mTOR signaling pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-758-3pserves as a tumor suppressor and plays a crucial role in inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC via targeting MDM2 and mTOR and implicate its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuliang Qu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhongjia Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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227
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The 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series: questions 57-66 : Edited by Chinese Journal of Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:79. [PMID: 28974261 PMCID: PMC5627450 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of 2017, Chinese Journal of Cancer has published a series of important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology, which sparkle diverse thoughts, interesting communications, and potential collaborations among researchers all over the world. In this article, 10 more questions are presented as followed. Question 57. What are the major stresses that drive the formation, progression, and metastasis of a cancer? Question 58. What is the mechanism responsible for altering an acidic intracellular pH and a basic extracellular pH in normal tissue cells to a basic intracellular pH and an acidic extracellular pH in cancer cells, a fundamental and yet largely ignored phenomenon? Question 59. Where are the tumor-associated plasma microRNAs from in cancer patients? Question 60. Can we identify mechanisms employed by tumor subpopulations to evade standard therapies and seed relapse/metastatic tumors before treatment? Question 61. Why are mutation rates in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) higher in lung cancer from never smokers than that from smokers? Question 62. Does tumor vasculogenic mimicry contribute to the resistance against antiangiogenic therapy in renal cancer? Question 63. What molecular targeted drugs would be effective for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially metastatic papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC? Question 64. Can it be more effective by targeting both the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and MET signaling pathways in sporadic metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC)? Question 65. What are the predictive biomarkers that may be used to identify the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients who can benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment? Question 66. How do we identify predictive molecular biomarkers to stratify clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients for targeted therapies?
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228
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Saleeb RM, Srigley JR, Sweet J, Doucet C, Royal V, Chen YB, Brimo F, Evans A. Melanotic MiT family translocation neoplasms: Expanding the clinical and molecular spectrum of this unique entity of tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1412-1418. [PMID: 28969862 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MiT family translocation tumors are a group of neoplasms characterized by translocations involving MiT family transcription factors. The translocation renal cell carcinomas, TFE3 (Xp11.2) and TFEB (t6;11) are known members of this family. Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer is a more recently described entity. To date only 14 cases have been described. It is characterized by a distinct set of features including a nested epithelioid morphology, melanin pigmentation, labeling for markers of melanocytic differentiation, lack of labeling for markers of renal tubular differentiation, predominance in a younger age population and association with aggressive clinical behavior. There are noted similarities between that entity and TFE3 associated PEComas. There are no cases reported of equivalent melanotic TFEB translocation renal cancer. We report 2 rare cases of melanotic translocation renal neoplasms. The first is a melanotic TFE3 translocation renal cancer with an indolent clinical course, occurring in a patient more than 3-decades older than the usual average age in which such tumors have been described. The other case is, to our knowledge, the first reported melanotic TFEB translocation cancer of the kidney. Both cases exhibit the same H&E morphology as previously reported in melanotic translocation renal cancers and label accordingly with HMB45 and Melan-A. While the TFE3 melanotic tumor lacked any evidence of renal tubular differentiation, the TFEB melanotic cancer exhibited some staining for renal tubular markers. Based on the unique features noted above, these two cases expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of the melanotic translocation renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola M Saleeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Srigley
- Department of Pathology, Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and molecular medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Sweet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric Doucet
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Royal
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Andrew Evans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Leonetti A, Leonardi F, Bersanelli M, Buti S. Clinical use of lenvatinib in combination with everolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:799-806. [PMID: 28721060 PMCID: PMC5499780 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2%-3% of all cancers in adults, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to altered cellular response to hypoxia. Lenvatinib, a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), represents a therapeutic option, in combination with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus, for the treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC). AIM The objective of this article is to review the evidence about the treatment of mRCC with combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus. EVIDENCE REVIEW Phase I studies supported clinical activity of lenvatinib in mRCC. A randomized, Phase II, open-label, multicenter trial demonstrated the clinical efficacy of combination treatment with lenvatinib plus everolimus in patients with progressive mRCC after prior therapy with TKI. Median progression-free survival was improved by 9 months with the combination therapy compared to the single-agent everolimus, with an overall response rate of 43% for the experimental regimen. Lenvatinib plus everolimus appeared to be slightly less toxic than single-agent lenvatinib and more toxic than single-agent everolimus; grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 71% of patients. Currently, lenvatinib plus everolimus has US Food and Drug Administration approval for its use in mRCC after failure of previous treatment with TKI. CONCLUSION The combination therapy with lenvatinib plus everolimus might be a promising choice for second-line treatment of mRCC patients. Based on the results of the Phase II trial, it is possible to speculate that the combination therapy could be appropriate for patients with high disease burden or strongly symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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230
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Bouhamdani N, Joy A, Barnett D, Cormier K, Léger D, Chute IC, Lamarre S, Ouellette R, Turcotte S. Quantitative proteomics to study a small molecule targeting the loss of von Hippel-Lindau in renal cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:778-790. [PMID: 28486780 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), is known to play an important role in the development of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Even if available targeted therapies for metastatic RCCs (mRCCs) have helped to improve progression-free survival rates, they have no durable clinical response. We have previously shown the feasibility of specifically targeting the loss of VHL with the identification of a small molecule, STF-62247. Understanding its functionality is crucial for developing durable personalized therapeutic agents differing from those available targeting hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-) pathways. By using SILAC proteomics, we identified 755 deregulated proteins in response to STF-62247 that were further analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Bioinformatics analyses predicted alterations in 37 signaling pathways in VHL-null cells in response to treatment. Validation of some altered pathways shows that STF-62247's selectivity is linked to an important inhibition of mTORC1 activation in VHL-null cells leading to protein synthesis arrest, a mechanism differing from two allosteric inhibitors Rapamycin and Everolimus. Altogether, our study identified signaling cascades driving STF-62247 response and brings further knowledge for this molecule that shows selectivity for the loss of VHL. The use of a global SILAC approach was successful in identifying novel affected signaling pathways that could be exploited for the development of new personalized therapeutic strategies to target VHL-inactivated RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouhamdani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Andrew Joy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - David Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Kevin Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Daniel Léger
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Ian C Chute
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Simon Lamarre
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Rodney Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Sandra Turcotte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, E1C 8X3, Canada
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231
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Beksac AT, Paulucci DJ, Blum KA, Yadav SS, Sfakianos JP, Badani KK. Heterogeneity in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:507-515. [PMID: 28551412 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma has facilitated the identification of driver genes, specific molecular pathways, and characterization of the tumor microenvironment, which has led to a better understanding of the disease. This comprehension has revolutionized the treatment for patients with metastatic disease, but despite these advancements many patients will develop resistance leading to treatment failure. A primary cause of this resistance and subsequent treatment failure is tumor heterogeneity. We reviewed the literature on the mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and its clinical implications. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE/PubMed Index. RESULTS Intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity is possibly a reason for treatment failure and development of resistance. Specifically, the genetic profile of a renal tumor differs spatially within a tumor as well as among patients. Genomic mutations can change temporally with resistant subclones becoming dominant over time. CONCLUSIONS Accounting for intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity with better sampling of cancer tissue is needed. This will hopefully lead to improved identification of driver mutations and actionable targets. Only then, we can move past the one-size-fits-all approach toward personalized treatment based on each individual׳s molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Tuna Beksac
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - David J Paulucci
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kyle A Blum
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shalini Singh Yadav
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ketan K Badani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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232
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Yu X, Yang Q, Lin S, Yuan S, Sun L. Synergistic combination of YS-1 and adriamycin inhibits human renal cancer through ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1756-1764. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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233
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Cao H, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhang X, Yi W, Nie G, Yu Y, Wang G, Zhu M. miR-148a suppresses human renal cell carcinoma malignancy by targeting AKT2. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:147-154. [PMID: 27878305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-148a (miR-148a) has been reported to be deregulated in different tumor types, whereas the biological function of miR-148a in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) largely remains unexplored. In the present study we investigated the clinical significance, biological effects, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-148 in RCC. Here, we showed that miR-148a was significantly downregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines. Low expression of miR-148a in RCC tissues was associated with large tumor size, advanced TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Functional assays revealed that overexpression of miR-148a significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed RCC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In addition, using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays, AKT2 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-148a. AKT2 expression was upregulated, and was negatively correlated with miR-148a expression in RCC tissues (r=-0.641, P<0.001). Silencing of AKT2 phenotypically copied miR-148a-induced phenotypes, whereas re-expression of AKT2 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-148a in RCC cells. Further mechanistic investigations showed that miR-148a exerted its antitumor activity via inhibition of the AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-148a functions as tumor suppressor in RCC by targeting AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Cao
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Wenfa Yi
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guanyuan Nie
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guolu Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Mingting Zhu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
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Zhao Z, Liu H, Hou J, Li T, Du X, Zhao X, Xu W, Xu W, Chang J. Tumor Protein D52 (TPD52) Inhibits Growth and Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2016; 25:773-779. [PMID: 27983909 PMCID: PMC7841249 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14774889687280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is a member of the TPD52-like protein family and plays different roles in various types of malignancies. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of TPD52 in RCC. The mechanism of TPD52 in RCC was also investigated. Our data demonstrated that the expression levels of TPD52 in both mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in RCC cells. Overexpression of TPD52 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion with decreased epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in RCC cells, as well as attenuated tumor growth in renal cancer xenografts. Mechanistically, overexpression of TPD52 significantly inhibited downregulated phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in RCC cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that TPD52 inhibited growth and metastasis of RCC, at least in part, by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, these findings suggest that TPD52 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of human RCC.
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235
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Ren Y, Huang SS, Wang X, Lou ZG, Yao XP, Weng GB. Ginkgetin induces apoptosis in 786-O cell line via suppression of JAK2-STAT3 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:1245-1250. [PMID: 27917282 PMCID: PMC5126227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. Ginkgetin effectively treats several carcinoma cells. However, little is known about effects of Ginkgetin on RCC. In the present study, using 786-O cells, we evaluate whether Ginkgetin exerts anticancer effects against RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS 786-O cells suspended in the medium containing Ginkgetin were cultured for 24 hr to 72 hr, and then MTT assay was used to study cytotoxic effect of Ginkgetin. Apoptosis in 786-O was measured by an FITC Annexin apoptosis detection kit. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. 786-O cells with active Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were prepared by stimulant of interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas 786-O cells with deactivated STAT3 were produced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) STAT3. RESULTS Ginkgetin suppressed the growth of 786-O in dose and time-dependent manners with IC50 values of 7.23 μM. Ginkgetin induced apoptosis of 786-O cells and increased the levels of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Additionally, Ginkgetin treated 786-O cells showed decreased levels of JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3 whether or not IL-6 was pretreated. Interestingly, pretreatment of siRNA STAT3 exerted inhibitory effects on the growth of 786-O cells, and the observation could be further reinforced after the Ginkgetin treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate Ginkgetin possesses obvious inhibitory effects on the proliferation of 786-O, and this effect is probably due to its inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Our findings imply Ginkgetin is a potential therapeutic medicine for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-shuang Huang
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-guan Lou
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu-ping Yao
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Guo-bin Weng
- Laboratory of kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Corresponding author: Guo-bin Weng. No.1, Qianhe road, Yinzhou district, Ningbo city, Zhejiang Province, 315000, P. R. China. Fax: +86-57483038515;
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236
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Zhong WF, Wang XH, Pan B, Li F, Kuang L, Su ZX. Eupatilin induces human renal cancer cell apoptosis via ROS-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2894-2899. [PMID: 27698876 PMCID: PMC5038859 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades have significant roles in cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells. Eupatilin, one of the major compounds present in Artemisia species, has been demonstrated to have antitumor properties. However, the effect of eupatilin in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the biological effects and mechanisms of eupatilin in RCC cell apoptosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that eupatilin significantly induced cell apoptosis and enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 786-O cells. In addition, eupatilin induced phosphorylation of p38α (Thr180/Tyr182), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (Thr183/Tyr185), and decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in 786-O cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine was able to rescue the MAPK activation and PI3K/AKT inhibition induced by eupatilin. Taken together, the results of the present study provide evidence that inhibition of eupatilin induces apoptosis in human RCC via ROS-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, eupatilin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of human RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Zhong
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Lu Kuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Xuan Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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237
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Buti S, Leonetti A, Dallatomasina A, Bersanelli M. Everolimus in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy. CORE EVIDENCE 2016; 11:23-36. [PMID: 27621699 PMCID: PMC5012611 DOI: 10.2147/ce.s98687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, and its pathogenesis is strictly related to altered cellular response to hypoxia, in which mTOR signaling pathway is implicated. Everolimus, an mTOR serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, represents a therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced RCC. Aim The objective of this article is to review the evidence for the treatment of metastatic RCC with everolimus. Evidence review Everolimus was approved for second- and third-line therapy in patients with advanced RCC according to the results of a Phase III pivotal trial that demonstrated a benefit in median progression-free survival of ~2 months compared to placebo after failure of previous lines of therapy, of which at least one was an anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The role of this drug in first-line setting has been investigated in Phase II trials, with no significant clinical benefit, even in combination with bevacizumab. Everolimus activity in non-clear cell RCC is supported by two randomized Phase II trials that confirmed the benefit in second-line setting but not in first line. Recently, two randomized Phase III trials (METEOR and CheckMate 025) demonstrated the inferiority of everolimus in second-line setting compared to the TKI cabozantinib and to the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab, respectively. Moreover, a recent Phase II study demonstrated a significant benefit for the second-line combination treatment with everolimus plus lenvatinib (a novel TKI) in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared to the single-agent everolimus. Basing on preclinical data, the main downstream effectors of mTOR cascade, S6RP and its phosphorylated form, could be good predictive biomarkers of response to everolimus. The safety profile of the drug is favorable, with a good cost-effectiveness compared to second-line sorafenib or axitinib, and no significant impact on the quality of life of treated patients has been found. Conclusion Everolimus still represents a current standard of treatment for RCC progressive to previous treatment lines with VEGFR-TKI. The evidence about two new molecules, cabozantinib and nivolumab, successfully tested head-to-head with everolimus in recently published Phase III trials, will determine the shift of everolimus to the third-line setting and subsequent lines of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Dallatomasina
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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238
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Kim JH, Hwang KH, Lkhagvadorj S, Jung JH, Chung HC, Park KS, Kong ID, Eom M, Cha SK. Klotho plays a critical role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression and clinical outcome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:297-304. [PMID: 27162484 PMCID: PMC4860372 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Klotho functions as a tumor suppressor predominantly expressed in renal tubular cells, the origin of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Altered expression and/or activity of growth factor receptor have been implicated in ccRCC development. Although Klotho suppresses a tumor progression through growth factor receptor signaling including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), the role of Klotho acting on IGF-1R in ccRCC and its clinical relevance remains obscure. Here, we show that Klotho is favorable prognostic factor for ccRCC and exerts tumor suppressive role for ccRCC through inhibiting IGF-1R signaling. Our data shows the following key findings. First, in tumor tissues, the level of Klotho and IGF-1R expression are low or high, respectively, compared to that of adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma. Second, the Klotho expression is clearly low in higher grade of ccRCC and is closely associated with clinical outcomes in tumor progression. Third, Klotho suppresses IGF-1-stimulated cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. These results provide compelling evidence supporting that Klotho acting on IGF-1R signaling functions as tumor suppressor in ccRCC and suggest that Klotho is a potential carcinostatis substance for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology and Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hee Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Sayamaa Lkhagvadorj
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Jae Hung Jung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology and Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea.; Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology and Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea.; Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Minseob Eom
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology and Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea.; Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
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Tao K, Yin Y, Shen Q, Chen Y, Li R, Chang W, Bai J, Liu W, Shi L, Zhang P. Akt inhibitor MK-2206 enhances the effect of cisplatin in gastric cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:365-368. [PMID: 26998277 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway activation commonly occurs in various types of human cancer and has an important role in chemoresistance. Combination of traditional chemotherapy drugs and molecular-targeted agents is a promising strategy for cancer therapy, which has shown enhanced cytotoxicity and lower drug resistance. The present study found that the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, can increase the effect of cisplatin in the gastric cancer cell line AGS, which has higher Akt phosphorylation, but exhibited a poor combination effect in MKN-45 and MGC-803 cells, which have limited Akt activation. The MTT assay demonstrated that sequential treatment of cisplatin, followed by the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, caused a synergistic effect of proliferation inhibition, and the apoptosis assay by propidium iodide/fluorescein isothiocyanate staining also showed that combination treatment induced more apoptosis compared to the monotherapy groups. Using western blot analysis, MK-2206 was shown to significantly suppress the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), however, the expression of total Akt remained the same, and the combination treatment also increased the expression of cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase, which contributed to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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240
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miR-29a suppresses growth and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting AKT3. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3987-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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241
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Yu G, Huang B, Chen G, Mi Y. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 promotes lung cancer cells proliferation and invasion via PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1806-16. [PMID: 26623104 PMCID: PMC4635298 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) is a key factor in the malignant proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, the exact regulatory network governing its roles remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PEBP4 on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and explore its molecular network that governs the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. METHODS After the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PEBP4 was constructed, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PEBP4 and PEBP4-targeting siRNA were transfected into lung cancer HCC827 cell line. The expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components in HCC827 cells in each group were determined using Western blotting. In the HCC827 cells, the effect of PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 on the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components under the effect of PEBP4 was determined using Western blotting, and the effects of LY294002 on the cell viability, proliferation, and migration capabilities under the overexpression of PEBP4 were determined using MTT method, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay. Furthermore, the effect of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) on the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components under the effect of PEBP4 was determined using Western blotting, and the effects of RAPA on the cell viability, proliferation, and migration capabilities under the overexpression of PEBP4 were determined using MTT method, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay. RESULTS As shown by Western blotting, the protein expressions of p-Akt and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) were significantly higher in the pcDNA3.1-PEBP4-transfected group than in the normal control group and PEBP4 siRNA group (P<0.05); furthermore, the protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR significantly decreased in the PEBP4 targeting siRNA-transfected group (P<0.05). Treatment with LY294002 significantly inhibited the protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR in HCC827 cells (P<0.05). In contrast, treatment with RAPA only significantly inhibited the protein expression of p-mTOR (P<0.05). As shown by MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay, both LY294002 and RAPA could significantly lower the viability of HCC827 cells and inhibit their proliferation and invasion (P<0.05); meanwhile, they could reverse the effect of PEBP4 in promoting the proliferation and migration of HCC827 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of PEBP4 increases the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in lung cancer cells. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis may be a key molecular pathway via which PEBP4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells; also, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Yedong Mi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, China
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Genetic and Chromosomal Aberrations and Their Clinical Significance in Renal Neoplasms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:476508. [PMID: 26448938 PMCID: PMC4584050 DOI: 10.1155/2015/476508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common form of malignant renal neoplasms is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is classified into several different subtypes based on the histomorphological features. However, overlaps in these characteristics may present difficulties in the accurate diagnosis of these subtypes, which have different clinical outcomes. Genomic and molecular studies have revealed unique genetic aberrations in each subtype. Knowledge of these genetic changes in hereditary and sporadic renal neoplasms has given an insight into the various proteins and signalling pathways involved in tumour formation and progression. In this review, the genetic aberrations characteristic to each renal neoplasm subtype are evaluated along with the associated protein products and affected pathways. The potential applications of these genetic aberrations and proteins as diagnostic tools, prognostic markers, or therapeutic targets are also assessed.
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