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Little AC, Sulovari A, Danyal K, Heppner DE, Seward DJ, van der Vliet A. Paradoxical roles of dual oxidases in cancer biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:117-132. [PMID: 28578013 PMCID: PMC5535817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated oxidative metabolism is a well-recognized aspect of cancer biology, and many therapeutic strategies are based on targeting cancers by altering cellular redox pathways. The NADPH oxidases (NOXes) present an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and the expression and activation of several NOX isoforms are frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Cell-based studies have demonstrated a role for several NOX isozymes in controlling cell proliferation and/or cell migration, further supporting a potential contributing role for NOX in promoting cancer. While various NOX isoforms are often upregulated in cancers, paradoxical recent findings indicate that dual oxidases (DUOXes), normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, are frequently suppressed in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms, although the functional relevance of such DUOX silencing has remained unclear. This review will briefly summarize our current understanding regarding the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOXes in cancer biology, and focus on recent observations indicating the unique and seemingly opposing roles of DUOX enzymes in cancer biology. We will discuss current knowledge regarding the functional properties of DUOX, and recent studies highlighting mechanistic consequences of DUOX1 loss in lung cancer, and its consequences for tumor invasiveness and current anticancer therapy. Finally, we will also discuss potentially unique roles for the DUOX maturation factors. Overall, a better understanding of mechanisms that regulate DUOX and the functional consequences of DUOX silencing in cancer may offer valuable new diagnostic insights and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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202
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de Almeida AJPO, Ribeiro TP, de Medeiros IA. Aging: Molecular Pathways and Implications on the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7941563. [PMID: 28874954 PMCID: PMC5569936 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's population over 60 years is growing rapidly, reaching 22% of the global population in the next decades. Despite the increase in global longevity, individual healthspan needs to follow this growth. Several diseases have their prevalence increased by age, such as cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the aging biology mechanisms is fundamental to the pursuit of cardiovascular health. In this way, aging is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological functions, involving the increased number in senescent cells into the body. Several pathways lead to senescence, including oxidative stress and persistent inflammation, as well as energy failure such as mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy, being ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, mTOR, IGF-1, and p53 key regulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways which drive towards diseases. In addition, senescence can be induced by cellular replication, which resulted from telomere shortening. Taken together, it is possible to draw a common pathway unifying aging to cardiovascular diseases, and the central point of this process, senescence, can be the target for new therapies, which may result in the healthspan matching the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José Pontes Oliveira de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thaís Porto Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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203
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Metcalf TU, Wilkinson PA, Cameron MJ, Ghneim K, Chiang C, Wertheimer AM, Hiscott JB, Nikolich-Zugich J, Haddad EK. Human Monocyte Subsets Are Transcriptionally and Functionally Altered in Aging in Response to Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1405-1417. [PMID: 28696254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in immunity have been linked to increased incidence of infections and decreased responses to vaccines in the aging population. Human peripheral blood monocytes are known to promote Ag presentation and antiviral activities; however, the impact of aging on monocyte functions remains an open question. We present an in-depth global analysis examining the impact of aging on classical (CD14+CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14dimCD16+) monocytes. Monocytes sorted from nonfrail healthy adults (21-40 y) and old (≥65 y) individuals were analyzed after stimulation with TLR4, TLR7/8, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I agonists. Our data showed that under nonstimulated conditions, monocyte subsets did not reveal significant age-related alternations; however, agonist stimulated-monocytes from adults and old subjects did show differences at the transcriptional and functional levels. These alternations in many immune-related transcripts and biological processes resulted in reduced production of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CCL20, and CCL8, and higher expression of CX3CR1 in monocytes from old subjects. Our findings represent a comprehensive analysis of the influence of human aging on pattern recognition receptors signaling and monocyte functions, and have implications for strategies to enhance the immune response in the context of infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talibah U Metcalf
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Peter A Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Anne M Wertheimer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; and
| | - John B Hiscott
- Laboratorio Pasteur, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; and
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102;
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204
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Hu Y, Zhou KY, Wang ZJ, Lu Y, Yin M. N-stearoyl-l-Tyrosine inhibits the cell senescence and apoptosis induced by H 2O 2 in HEK293/Tau cells via the CB2 receptor. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:135-144. [PMID: 28526263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although considerable energy and money have been spent trying to inhibit Aβ production and its related metabolic enzyme activities, there are still no drug treatments available to cure even slow for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, tau protein has been focused recently as the new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with or without Tau 411 plasmid were used to evaluate the effect of tau protein on cell viability. H2O2 was added to simulate microenvironment of oxidative stress (OS) during aging. N-stearoyl-l-tyrosine (Nstyr), one of the synthesized N-arachidonoylethanolamide analogues was administrated in HEK293/Tau cells during H2O2 insults. Cellular senescence and tau aberrant modification appeared after tau transfection and aggravated by H2O2 insult which detected by β-galactosidase staining analysis and western blotting analysis. The level of expression of Bcl-2 and the result of FCAS analysis indicated the appearance of cellular apoptosis. The expression of prosenescence moleculars such as p16-Rb and P53 were induced by tau transfection in HEK293 cells. Both p16-Rb and p53 senescent molecules were inhibited by Nstyr. AM251 (1 μM; an antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptor) or AM630 (1 μM; an antagonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptor) was used to offset the anti-senescence effects afforded by NsTyr. The anti-senescence and anti-apoptosis effect of NsTyr was completely abolished by AM630. Meanwhile, transfection of siRNACB2 was used to further confirm the above experimental results and it came out the similar results compared with AM630. Taken together, our results suggest that oxidative stress aggravates cellular senescence and apoptosis in HEK293/Tau, which can be reversed by Nstyr via CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze-Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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205
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MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2398696. [PMID: 28593022 PMCID: PMC5448073 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2398696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-related process of functional deterioration at cellular, tissue, organelle, and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest in response to cellular stress, is believed to be the driver of the aging process and age-related disorders. The free radical theory of aging, referred to as oxidative stress (OS) theory below, is one of the most studied aging promoting mechanisms. In addition, genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of aging and aging-related diseases. Among various epigenetic events, microRNAs (miRNAs) turned out to be important players in controlling OS, aging, and cellular senescence. miRNAs can generate rapid and reversible responses and, therefore, are ideal players for mediating an adaptive response against stress through their capacity to fine-tune gene expression. However, the importance of miRNAs in regulating OS in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of miRNAs in OS-induced cellular senescence.
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206
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Lam SM, Wang Z, Li J, Huang X, Shui G. Sequestration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids of Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva attenuates eicosanoid biosynthesis for prolonged survival. Redox Biol 2017; 12:967-977. [PMID: 28499251 PMCID: PMC5429230 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic basis governing the extreme longevity and developmental quiescence of dauer juvenile, a "non-ageing" developmental variant of Caenorhabditis elegans, has remained largely obscure. Using a lipidomic approach comprising multiple reaction monitoring transitions specific to distinct fatty acyl moieties, we demonstrated that in comparison to other developmental stages, the membrane phospholipids of dauer larva contain a unique enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Esterified PUFAs in phospholipids exhibited temporal accumulation throughout the course of dauer endurance, followed by sharp reductions prior to termination of diapause. Reductions in esterified PUFAs were accompanied by concomitant increases in unbound PUFAs, as well as their corresponding downstream oxidized derivatives (i.e. eicosanoids). Global phospholipidomics has unveiled that PUFA sequestration in membrane phospholipids denotes an essential aspect of dauer dormancy, principally via suppression of eicosanoid production; and a failure to upkeep membrane lipid homeostasis is associated with termination of dauer endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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207
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Gao X, Gào X, Zhang Y, Breitling LP, Schöttker B, Brenner H. Associations of self-reported smoking, cotinine levels and epigenetic smoking indicators with oxidative stress among older adults: a population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:443-456. [PMID: 28434075 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and oxidative stress (OS) are both related to a wide spectrum of adverse age-related health outcomes, but their association is not yet well-established. We examined the associations of self-reported smoking indicators, serum cotinine levels and smoking-related DNA methylation biomarkers with two urinary proxy markers of OS, 8-isoprostane (8-iso) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), in two independent subsets of older adults recruited in Germany (discovery set: n = 978, validation set: n = 531). We obtained DNA methylation profiles in whole blood samples by Illumina Human Methylation450K Beadchip and measured the urinary levels of both OS markers using commercial ELISA kits. After controlling for potential confounders, current smoking, cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years) and serum cotinine levels (ng/ml) were strongly associated with 8-iso levels (p values <0.0001, 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Of 151 previously identified smoking-related CpG sites, 71 loci were associated with 8-iso levels after correction for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05) in the validation phase and were designated as loci related to 8-iso levels defined OS. In addition, serum cotinine levels, cumulative smoking exposure and a smoking index (SI) based on the 71 identified loci manifested monotonic associations with 8-iso levels. However, we did not observe any associations between these smoking indicators and 8-oxodG levels. In conclusion, this study suggests that smoking-related epigenetic alterations are closely correlated with smoking-induced OS. The identified CpG sites could potentially be prognostic epigenetic markers of OS and OS-related health outcomes. Our findings and the underlying mechanisms should be followed up in further, preferably longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Philipp Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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208
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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209
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Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying outer retinal diseases. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:66-76. [PMID: 28365408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or both contribute to the initiation and progression of several outer retinal disorders. Disrupted Müller glia function might additionally subsidize to these diseases. Mitochondrial malfunctioning is importantly associated with outer retina pathologies, which can be classified as primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. This review highlights the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage, underlying outer retinal disorders. Indeed, the metabolically active photoreceptors/RPE are highly prone to these hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that mitochondria represent a weak link in the antioxidant defenses of outer retinal cells.
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