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Abstract
Macrophages are motile leukocytes, targeted by HIV-1, thought to play a critical role in host dissemination of the virus. However, whether infection impacts their migration capacity remains unknown. We show that 2-dimensional migration and the 3-dimensional (3D) amoeboid migration mode of HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were inhibited, whereas the 3D mesenchymal migration was enhanced. The viral protein Nef was necessary and sufficient for all HIV-1-mediated effects on migration. In Nef transgenic mice, tissue infiltration of macrophages was increased in a tumor model and in several tissues at steady state, suggesting a dominant role for mesenchymal migration in vivo. The mesenchymal motility involves matrix proteolysis and podosomes, cell structures constitutive of monocyte-derived cells. Focusing on the mechanisms used by HIV-1 Nef to control the mesenchymal migration, we show that the stability, size, and proteolytic function of podosomes are increased via the phagocyte-specific kinase Hck and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), 2 major regulators of podosomes. In conclusion, HIV-1 reprograms macrophage migration, which likely explains macrophage accumulation in several patient tissues, which is a key step for virus spreading and pathogenesis. Moreover, Nef points out podosomes and the Hck/WASP signaling pathway as good candidates to control tissue infiltration of macrophages, a detrimental phenomenon in several diseases.
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202
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Sun J, Lu F, He H, Shen J, Messina J, Mathew R, Wang D, Sarnaik AA, Chang WC, Kim M, Cheng H, Yang S. STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) oscillation orchestrates invadopodium formation and melanoma invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:535-48. [PMID: 25404747 PMCID: PMC4242838 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201407082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling mediated by STIM1 and Orai1 activates Src to promote invadopodium assembly while simultaneously promoting MT1-MMP recycling to the plasma membrane to promote ECM degradation. Ca2+ signaling has been increasingly implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis, and yet, the underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. In this paper, we report that STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Ca2+ oscillations promote melanoma invasion by orchestrating invadopodium assembly and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Ca2+ oscillation signals facilitate invadopodial precursor assembly by activating Src. Disruption of Ca2+ oscillations inhibited invadopodium assembly. Furthermore, STIM1 and Orai1 regulate the proteolysis activity of individual invadopodia. Mechanistically, Orai1 blockade inhibited the recycling of MT1–matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) to the plasma membrane and entrapped MT1-MMP in the endocytic compartment to inhibit ECM degradation. STIM1 knockdown significantly inhibited melanoma lung metastasis in a xenograft mouse model, implicating the importance of this pathway in metastatic dissemination. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for Ca2+-mediated cancer cell invasion and shed new light on the spatiotemporal organization of store-operated Ca2+ signals during melanoma invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Sun
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Fujian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huifang He
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Junling Shen
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jane Messina
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Rahel Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Minjung Kim
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Department of Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
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203
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Takito J, Otsuka H, Yanagisawa N, Arai H, Shiga M, Inoue M, Nonaka N, Nakamura M. Regulation of Osteoclast Multinucleation by the Actin Cytoskeleton Signaling Network. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:395-405. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Graduate School of Engineering; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - Hirotada Otsuka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masayasu Shiga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuko Inoue
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry; Showa University; Tokyo Japan
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204
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells respond to a variety of external stimuli regulated by the environment conditions. Mechanical, chemical and biological factors are of great interest and have been deeply studied. Furthermore, mathematical and computational models have been rapidly growing over the past few years, permitting researches to run complex scenarios saving time and resources. Usually these models focus on specific features of cell migration, making them only suitable to study restricted phenomena. METHODS Here we present a versatile finite element (FE) cell-scale 3D migration model based on probabilities depending in turn on ECM mechanical properties, chemical, fluid and boundary conditions. RESULTS With this approach we are able to capture important outcomes of cell migration such as: velocities, trajectories, cell shape and aspect ratio, cell stress or ECM displacements. CONCLUSIONS The modular form of the model will allow us to constantly update and redefine it as advancements are made in clarifying how cellular events take place.
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205
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Maridonneau-Parini I. Control of macrophage 3D migration: a therapeutic challenge to limit tissue infiltration. Immunol Rev 2014; 262:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS UMR 5089; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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206
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Meddens MBM, van den Dries K, Cambi A. Podosomes revealed by advanced bioimaging: what did we learn? Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:380-7. [PMID: 25454791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are micrometer-sized, circular adhesions formed by cells such as osteoclasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Because of their small size and the lack of methods to visualize individual proteins and protein complexes, podosomes have long been considered a simple two-module structure with a protrusive actin core and a surrounding adhesive ring composed of integrins and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins such as vinculin and talin. In the past decade, the applications of fluorescence based techniques that circumvent the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy took a major leap forward. Podosomes have been imaged by a variety of these super-resolution methods, and in this concise review we discuss how these super-resolution data have increased our understanding of the podosome ultra-structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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207
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Ward JD, Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN. LPA-mediated migration of ovarian cancer cells involves translocalization of Gαi2 to invadopodia and association with Src and β-pix. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:382-91. [PMID: 25451317 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays a critical role in the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. However, the downstream spatiotemporal signaling events involving specific G protein(s) underlying this process are largely unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that LPA signaling causes the translocation of Gαi2 into the invadopodia leading to its interaction with the tyrosine kinase Src and the Rac/CDC42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, β-pix. Our results establish that Gαi2 activates Rac1 through a p130Cas-dependent pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, our report reveals that knockdown of Gαi2 leads to loss of β-pix and active-Rac association in the invadopodia. We also show that knockdown of Gαi2 leads to the complete loss of translocation to p130Cas to focal adhesions. Finally, when Gαi2 is knocked down, this led to the total distribution of Src being shifted primarily from invadopodia and the leading edge of the cells to the perinuclear region, suggesting that Src is inactive in the absence of Gαi2. Overall, our report provides tantalizing evidence that Gαi2 is a critical signaling component of a large signaling complex in the invadopodia that if disrupted could serve as an excellent target for therapy in ovarian and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Ward
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ji Hee Ha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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208
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Baranov MV, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Reaching for far-flung antigen: How solid-core podosomes of dendritic cells transform into protrusive structures. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:970961. [PMID: 26843902 PMCID: PMC4594491 DOI: 10.4161/cib.29084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a novel role for podosomes in antigen sampling. Podosomes are dynamic cellular structures that consist of point-like concentrations of actin surrounded by integrins and adaptor proteins such as vinculin and talin. Podosomes establish cellular contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and facilitate cell migration via ECM degradation. In our recent paper, we studied podosomes of human dendritic cells (DCs), major antigen presenting cells (APC) that take-up, process, and present foreign antigen to naive T-cells. We employed gelatin-impregnated porous polycarbonate filters to demonstrate that the mechanosensitive podosomes of DCs selectively localize to regions of low-physical resistance such as the filter pores. After degradation of the gelatin, podosomes increasingly protrude into the lumen of these pores. These protrusive podosome-derived structures contain several endocytic and early endosomal markers such as clathrin, Rab5, and VAMP3, and, surprisingly, also contain C-type lectins, a type of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Finally, we performed functional uptake experiments to demonstrate that these PRRs facilitate uptake of antigen from the opposite side of the filter. Our data provide mechanistic insight in how dendritic cells sample for antigen across epithelial barriers for instance from the lumen of the lung and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Baranov
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud University Medical Center ; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud University Medical Center ; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud University Medical Center ; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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209
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Invadopodia are required for cancer cell extravasation and are a therapeutic target for metastasis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1558-70. [PMID: 25176655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell extravasation is a key step during cancer metastasis, yet the precise mechanisms that regulate this dynamic process are unclear. We utilized a high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging approach to visualize the dynamics of cancer cell extravasation in vivo. During intravascular migration, cancer cells form protrusive structures identified as invadopodia by their enrichment of MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks4, and importantly Tks5, which localizes exclusively to invadopodia. Cancer cells extend invadopodia through the endothelium into the extravascular stroma prior to their extravasation at endothelial junctions. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of invadopodia initiation (cortactin), maturation (Tks5), or function (Tks4) resulted in an abrogation of cancer cell extravasation and metastatic colony formation in an experimental mouse lung metastasis model. This provides direct evidence of a functional role for invadopodia during cancer cell extravasation and distant metastasis and reveals an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in this clinically important process.
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210
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Paz H, Pathak N, Yang J. Invading one step at a time: the role of invadopodia in tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2014; 33:4193-202. [PMID: 24077283 PMCID: PMC3969876 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to degrade extracellular matrix is critical for tumor cells to invade and metastasize. Recent studies show that tumor cells use specialized actin-based membrane protrusions termed invadopodia to perform matrix degradation. Invadopodia provide an elegant way for tumor cells to precisely couple focal matrix degradation with directional movement. Here we discuss several key components and regulators of invadopodia that have been uniquely implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss existing and new therapeutic opportunities to target invadopodia for anti-metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helicia Paz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Navneeta Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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211
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Satoyoshi R, Aiba N, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Tanaka M. Tks5 activation in mesothelial cells creates invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3176-87. [PMID: 25088196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric cancer is frequently associated with peritoneal dissemination, and the interaction of cancer cells with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is crucial for the establishment of the metastasis in the peritoneum. Although cells derived from PMCs are detected within tumors of peritoneal carcinomatosis, how PMCs are incorporated into tumor architecture is not understood. The present study shows that PMCs create the invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which depends on activation of Tks5 in PMCs. In peritoneal tumor implants, PMCs represent majority of cells located at the invasive edge of the cancer tissue. Exogenously implanted PMCs and host PMCs aggressively invade into abdominal wall upon the peritoneal inoculation of cancer cells, and PMCs locate ahead of cancer cells in the direction of invasion. Tks5, a substrate of Src kinase, is predominantly expressed in the PMCs of cancer tissue, and promotes the invasion of PMCs and cancer cells. Expression and activation of Tks5 was induced in PMCs following their exposure to gastric cancer cells, and increased Tks5 expression was detected in PMCs located at the invasion front. Reduced Tks5 expression in PMCs blocked PMC invasion, which in turn prevents cancer cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. The peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer was significantly increased by mixing cancer cells and PMCs, and was suppressed by knockdown of Tks5 in PMCs. These results suggest that cancer-activated PMCs create invasion front by guiding cancer cells. Signaling leading to Tks5 activation in PMCs may be a suitable therapeutic target for prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satoyoshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - N Aiba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - K Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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212
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Microtubule acetylation regulates dynamics of KIF1C-powered vesicles and contact of microtubule plus ends with podosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:424-37. [PMID: 25151635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics are important for a variety of key cellular functions such as intracellular trafficking, adjustment of the cell surface proteome, or adhesion structure turnover. In the current study, we investigate the effects of altered microtubule acetylation levels on the subcellular distribution of kinesins and actin cytoskeletal architecture in primary human macrophages. Microtubule acetylation was altered by overexpression or siRNA-induced depletion of the acetylase MEC-17, or by blocking α-tubulin deacetylation by addition of the inhibitor tubacin. We show that microtubule acetylation influences the subcellular distribution of vesicles associated with the kinesin KIF1C, as well as their directionality, velocity and run length. Moreover, tubulin acetylation alters the targeting frequency of microtubule plus ends on podosomes and influences the number of podosomes per cell and thus the matrix-degrading capacity of macrophages. Collectively, our results point to α-tubulin acetylation as an important modification that impacts on kinesin vesicle dynamics, actin cytoskeletal architecture and cellular function of macrophages.
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213
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Gawden-Bone C, West MA, Morrison VL, Edgar AJ, McMillan SJ, Dill BD, Trost M, Prescott A, Fagerholm SC, Watts C. A crucial role for β2 integrins in podosome formation, dynamics and Toll-like-receptor-signaled disassembly in dendritic cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4213-24. [PMID: 25086067 PMCID: PMC4179490 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.151167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic properties of podosomes, their ability to degrade the underlying matrix and their modulation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) suggests they have an important role in migration. Integrins are thought to participate in formation and dynamics of podosomes but the multiplicity of integrins in podosomes has made this difficult to assess. We report that murine DCs that lack β2 integrins fail to form podosomes. Re-expression of β2 integrins restored podosomes but not when the membrane proximal or distal NPxF motifs, or when an intervening triplet of threonine residues were mutated. We show that β2 integrins are remarkably long-lived in podosome clusters and form a persistent framework that hosts multiple actin-core-formation events at the same or adjacent sites. When β2 integrin amino acid residues 745 or 756 were mutated from Ser to Ala, podosomes became resistant to dissolution mediated through TLR signaling. TLR signaling did not detectably modulate phosphorylation at these sites but mutation of either residue to phospho-mimetic Asp increased β2 integrin turnover in podosomes, indicating that phosphorylation at one or both sites establishes permissive conditions for TLR-signaled podosome disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gawden-Bone
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Michele A West
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Vicky L Morrison
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alexander J Edgar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sarah J McMillan
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Brian D Dill
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alan Prescott
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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214
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Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Kaye AH, I STT, Hovens CM, Lock P. Expression of the adaptor protein Tks5 in human cancer: prognostic potential. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:989-1002. [PMID: 24993883 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tks5 (tyrosine kinase substrate with 5 SH3 domains) is an adaptor protein which cooperates with Src tyrosine kinase to promote the formation of protease-enriched, actin-based projections known as invadopodia, which are utilized by invasive cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM). We previously identified a Src-Tks5-Nck pathway which promotes invadopodium formation and ECM proteolysis in melanoma and breast cancer cells. We therefore sought to investigate the significance of Tks5 expression in human cancers. This was undertaken retrospectively through an immunohistochemical evaluation in tissue microarray cores and through data mining of the public database, Oncomine. Here we showed that Tks5 was expressed at higher levels in the microarray cores of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer tissues compared to the levels in normal tissues. Importantly, mining of Oncomine datasets revealed a strong correlation between Tks5 mRNA overexpression in a number of cancers with increased metastatic events and a poorer prognosis. Collectively, these findings suggest a clinical association of Tks5 expression in human cancers. It identifies the importance for further investigations in examining the full potential of Tks5 as a relevant prognostic marker in a select number of cancers which may have implications for future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stacey T T I
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Peter Lock
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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215
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate regulates invasion through binding and activation of Tiam1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4080. [PMID: 24905281 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PtdIns5P is a lipid messenger acting as a stress-response mediator in the nucleus, and known to maintain cell activation through traffic alterations upon bacterial infection. Here, we show that PtdIns5P regulates actin dynamics and invasion via recruitment and activation of the exchange factor Tiam1 and Rac1. Restricted Rac1 activation results from the binding of Tiam1 DH-PH domains to PtdIns5P. Using an assay that mimics Rac1 membrane anchoring by using Rac1-His and liposomes containing Ni(2+)-NTA modified lipids, we demonstrate that intrinsic Tiam1 DH-PH activity increases when Rac1 is anchored in a PtdIns5P-enriched environment. This pathway appears to be general since it is valid in different pathophysiological models: receptor tyrosine kinase activation, bacterial phosphatase IpgD expression and the invasive NPM-ALK(+) lymphomas. The discovery that PtdIns5P could be a keystone of GTPases and cytoskeleton spatiotemporal regulation opens important research avenues towards unravelling new strategies counteracting cell invasion.
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216
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Lee MS, Kim S, Kim BG, Won C, Nam SH, Kang S, Kim HJ, Kang M, Ryu J, Song HE, Lee D, Ye SK, Jeon NL, Kim TY, Cho NH, Lee JW. Snail1 induced in breast cancer cells in 3D collagen I gel environment suppresses cortactin and impairs effective invadopodia formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2037-54. [PMID: 24861866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although an in vitro 3D environment cannot completely mimic the in vivo tumor site, embedding tumor cells in a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) allows for the study of cancer cell behaviors and the screening of anti-metastatic reagents with a more in vivo-like context. Here we explored the behaviors of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells embedded in 3D collagen I. Diverse tumor environmental conditions (including cell density, extracellular acidity, or hypoxia as mimics for a continuous tumor growth) reduced JNKs, enhanced TGFβ1/Smad signaling activity, induced Snail1, and reduced cortactin expression. The reduced JNKs activity blocked efficient formation of invadopodia labeled with actin, cortactin, or MT1-MMP. JNKs inactivation activated Smad2 and Smad4, which were required for Snail1 expression. Snail1 then repressed cortactin expression, causing reduced invadopodia formation and prominent localization of MT1-MMP at perinuclear regions. MDA-MB-231 cells thus exhibited less efficient collagen I degradation and invasion in 3D collagen I upon JNKs inhibition. These observations support a signaling network among JNKs, Smads, Snail1, and cortactin to regulate the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells embedded in 3D collagen I, which may be targeted during screening of anti-invasion reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudong Kim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Gil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Eun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
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217
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Takahashi R, Nagayama S, Furu M, Kajita Y, Jin Y, Kato T, Imoto S, Sakai Y, Toguchida J. AFAP1L1, a novel associating partner with vinculin, modulates cellular morphology and motility, and promotes the progression of colorectal cancers. Cancer Med 2014; 3:759-74. [PMID: 24723436 PMCID: PMC4303145 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified actin filament-associated protein 1-like 1 (AFAP1L1) as a metastasis-predicting marker for spindle cell sarcomas by gene expression profiling, and demonstrated that AFAP1L1 is involved in the cell invasion process by in vitro analyses. However, its precise molecular function has not been fully elucidated, and it remains unknown whether AFAP1L1 could be a prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target of other malignancies. In this study, we found a marked elevation of AFAP1L1 gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues as compared to the adjacent normal mucosa. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFAP1L1 was an independent and significant factor for the recurrence of rectal cancers. Moreover, the addition of the AFAP1L1 expression level to the lymph node metastasis status provided more predictive information regarding postoperative recurrence in rectal cancers. AFAP1L1-transduced CRC cells exhibited a rounded shape, increased cell motility on planar substrates, and resistance to anoikis in vitro. AFAP1L1 localized to the ringed structure of the invadopodia, together with vinculin, and AFAP1L1 was identified as a novel associating partner of vinculin by immunoprecipitation assay. AFAP1L1-transduced cells showed accelerated tumor growth in vivo, presumably reflecting the anoikis resistance of these AFAP1L1-expressing cells. Furthermore, the local administration of a siRNA against AFAP1L1 significantly suppressed the in vivo tumor growth of xenografts, suggesting that AFAP1L1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for CRCs. These results suggest that AFAP1L1 plays a role in the progression of CRCs by modulating cell shape and motility and by inhibiting anoikis, presumably through interactions with vinculin-including protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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218
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Schroder WA, Major LD, Le TT, Gardner J, Sweet MJ, Janciauskiene S, Suhrbier A. Tumor cell-expressed SerpinB2 is present on microparticles and inhibits metastasis. Cancer Med 2014; 3:500-13. [PMID: 24644264 PMCID: PMC4101741 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of SerpinB2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2/PAI-2) by certain cancers is associated with a favorable prognosis. Although tumor-associated host tissues can express SerpinB2, no significant differences in the growth of a panel of different tumors in SerpinB2(-/-) and SerpinB2(+/+) mice were observed. SerpinB2 expression by cancer cells (via lentiviral transduction) also had no significant effect on the growth of panel of mouse and human tumor lines in vivo or in vitro. SerpinB2 expression by cancer cells did, however, significantly reduce the number of metastases in a B16 metastasis model. SerpinB2-expressing B16 cells also showed reduced migration and increased length of invadopodia-like structures, supporting the classical view that that tumor-derived SerpinB2 is inhibiting extracellular urokinase. Importantly, although SerpinB2 is usually poorly secreted, we found that SerpinB2 effectively reaches the extracellular milieu on the surface of 0.5-1 μm microparticles (MPs), where it was able to inhibit urokinase. We also provide evidence that annexins mediate the binding of SerpinB2 to phosphatidylserine, a lipid characteristically exposed on the surface of MPs. The presence of SerpinB2 on the surface of MPs provides a physiological mechanism whereby cancer cell SerpinB2 can reach the extracellular milieu and access urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This may then lead to inhibition of metastasis and a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Schroder
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Lee D Major
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Joy Gardner
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandSt Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith UniversityNathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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219
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Exo70 isoform switching upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediates cancer cell invasion. Dev Cell 2014; 27:560-73. [PMID: 24331928 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important developmental process hijacked by cancer cells for their dissemination. Here, we show that Exo70, a component of the exocyst complex, undergoes isoform switching mediated by ESRP1, a pre-mRNA splicing factor that regulates EMT. Expression of the epithelial isoform of Exo70 affects the levels of key EMT transcriptional regulators such as Snail and ZEB2 and is sufficient to drive the transition to epithelial phenotypes. Differential Exo70 isoform expression in human tumors correlates with cancer progression, and increased expression of the epithelial isoform of Exo70 inhibits tumor metastasis in mice. At the molecular level, the mesenchymal-but not the epithelial-isoform of Exo70 interacts with the Arp2/3 complex and stimulates actin polymerization for tumor invasion. Our findings provide a mechanism by which the exocyst function and actin dynamics are modulated for EMT and tumor invasion.
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220
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Matrix metalloproteinases: the gene expression signatures of head and neck cancer progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:396-415. [PMID: 24531055 PMCID: PMC3980592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by promoting motility, invasion and angiogenesis. Studies have shown that MMP expression is increased in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), one of the most common cancers in the world, and contributes to poor outcome. In this review, we examine the expression pattern of MMPs in HNSCC by microarray datasets and summarize the current knowledge of MMPs, specifically MMP-1, -3, -7 -10, -12, -13, 14 and -19, that are highly expressed in HNSCCs and involved cancer invasion and angiogenesis.
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221
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Blancato J, Graves A, Rashidi B, Moroni M, Tchobe L, Ozdemirli M, Kallakury B, Makambi KH, Marian C, Mueller SC. SYK Allelic Loss and the Role of Syk-Regulated Genes in Breast Cancer Survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87610. [PMID: 24523870 PMCID: PMC3921124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygotic loss of SYK, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, gives rise to mouse mammary tumor formation where Syk protein levels are reduced by about half; loss of SYK mRNA is correlated with invasive cell behavior in in vitro models; and SYK loss has been correlated with distant metastases in patients. Here, allelic loss of the SYK gene was explored in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and pyrosequencing, respectively, and in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) using genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Allelic loss was present in a subset of DCIS cases where adjacent IDC was present. SYK copy number loss was found in about 26% of 1002 total breast cancer cases and 30% of IDC cases. Quantitative immunofluorescence revealed Syk protein to be six-fold higher in infiltrating immune cells compared with epithelial cells. This difference distorted tumor cell mRNA and protein levels in extracts. 20% of 1002 IDC cases contained elevated immune cell infiltration as estimated by elevated immune-specific mRNAs. In cases without immune cell infiltration, loss of SYK copy number was associated with a significant reduction of SYK mRNA. Here we define a 55 Gene Set consisting of Syk interacting, motility- and invasion-related genes. We found that overall survival was significantly reduced in IDC and Luminal A+B cases where copy number and mutations of these 55 genes were affected (Kaplan-Meier, Logrank test p-value 0.007141 and Logrank test p-value 0.001198, respectively). We conclude that reduction in Syk expression and contributions of genomic instability to copy number and mutations in the 55 Syk interacting genes significantly contribute to poorer overall patient survival. A closer examination of the role of Syk interacting motility and invasion genes and their prognostic and/or causative association with metastatic disease and patient outcome is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Ashley Graves
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Banafsheh Rashidi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Maria Moroni
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leopold Tchobe
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- University of the District of Columbia/Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Metin Ozdemirli
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Kepher H. Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Catalin Marian
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Susette C. Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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222
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Vinculin binding angle in podosomes revealed by high resolution microscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88251. [PMID: 24523880 PMCID: PMC3921150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are highly dynamic actin-rich adhesive structures formed predominantly by cells of the monocytic lineage, which degrade the extracellular matrix. They consist of a core of F-actin and actin-regulating proteins, surrounded by a ring of adhesion-associated proteins such as vinculin. We have characterised the structure of podosomes in macrophages, particularly the structure of the ring, using three super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques: stimulated emission depletion microscopy, structured illumination microscopy and localisation microscopy. Rather than being round, as previously assumed, we found the vinculin ring to be created from relatively straight strands of vinculin, resulting in a distinctly polygonal shape. The strands bind preferentially at angles between 116° and 135°. Furthermore, adjacent vinculin strands are observed nucleating at the corners of the podosomes, suggesting a mechanism for podosome growth.
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223
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Williams KC, Coppolino MG. SNARE-dependent interaction of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin regulates invadopodia formation and tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1712-25. [PMID: 24496451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of an invasive phenotype is prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and subsequent invasion by tumor cells, is mediated, in part, through subcellular structures called invadopodia. Src-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements are required to form invadopodia, and here we identify an association between Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and β1 integrin that facilitates invadopodia formation. The association of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin is dependent upon membrane traffic that is mediated by syntaxin13 (officially known as STX12) and SNAP23; a similar dependence on these two SNARE proteins was observed for invadopodium-based matrix degradation and cell invasion. Inhibition of SNARE function impaired the delivery of Src and EGFR to developing invadopodia, as well as the β1-integrin-dependent activation of Src and phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr residue 845. We also identified an association between SNAP23 and β1 integrin, and inhibition of β1 integrin increased this association, whereas the interaction between syntaxin13 and SNAP23 was reduced. The results suggest that SNARE-dependent trafficking is regulated, in part, by β1 integrin and is required for the delivery of Src and EGFR to sites of invadopodia formation in order to support tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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224
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Burger KL, Learman BS, Boucherle AK, Sirintrapun SJ, Isom S, Díaz B, Courtneidge SA, Seals DF. Src-dependent Tks5 phosphorylation regulates invadopodia-associated invasion in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2014; 74:134-48. [PMID: 24174371 PMCID: PMC4083496 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Src tyrosine kinase substrate and adaptor protein Tks5 had previously been implicated in the invasive phenotype of normal and transformed cell types via regulation of cytoskeletal structures called podosomes/invadopodia. The role of Src-Tks5 signaling in invasive prostate cancer, however, had not been previously evaluated. METHODS We measured the relative expression of Tks5 in normal (n = 20) and cancerous (n = 184, from 92 patients) prostate tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry using a commercially available tumor microarray. We also manipulated the expression and activity of wild-type and mutant Src and Tks5 constructs in the LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines in order to ascertain the role of Src-Tks5 signaling in invadopodia development, matrix-remodeling activity, motility, and invasion. RESULTS Our studies demonstrated that Src was activated and Tks5 upregulated in high Gleason score prostate tumor specimens and in invasive prostate cancer cell lines. Remarkably, overexpression of Tks5 in LNCaP cells was sufficient to induce invadopodia formation and associated matrix degradation. This Tks5-dependent increase in invasive behavior further depended on Src tyrosine kinase activity and the phosphorylation of Tks5 at tyrosine residues 557 and 619. In PC-3 cells we demonstrated that Tks5 phosphorylation at these sites was necessary and sufficient for invadopodia-associated matrix degradation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a general role for Src-Tks5 signaling in prostate tumor progression and the utility of Tks5 as a marker protein for the staging of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Burger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian S. Learman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Amy K. Boucherle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - S. Joseph Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Scott Isom
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara A. Courtneidge
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Darren F. Seals
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
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225
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Lozito TP, Jackson WM, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Human mesenchymal stem cells generate a distinct pericellular zone of MMP activities via binding of MMPs and secretion of high levels of TIMPs. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:132-43. [PMID: 24140982 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for inclusion in cell-based therapies by virtue of their abilities to home to wound sites. However, in-depth characterization of the specific effects of MSCs on their microenvironments is needed to realize their full therapeutic potentials. Furthermore, since MSCs of varying properties can be isolated from a diverse spectrum of tissues, a strategic and rational approach in MSC sourcing for a particular application has yet to be achieved. For example, MSCs that activate their proteolytic environments may promote tissue remodeling, while those from different tissue sources may inhibit proteases and promote tissue stabilization. This study attempts to address these issues by analyzing MSCs isolated from three adult tissue sources in terms of their effects on their proteolytic microenvironments. Human bone marrow, adipose, and traumatized muscle derived MSCs were compared in their soluble and cellular-associated MMP components and activity. For all types of MSCs, MMP activity associated with the cell surface, but activity levels and MMP profiles differed with tissue source. All MSC types bound exogenous active MMPs at their surfaces. MSCs were also able to activate exogenous proMMP-2 and proMMP-13. This is in marked contrast to the MSC soluble compartment, which strongly inhibited MMPs via endogenous TIMPs. The exact TIMP used to inhibit the exogenous MMP differed with MSC type. Thus, MSCs saturate their environment with both MMPs and TIMPs. Since they bind and activate MMPs at their surfaces, the net result is a very controlled pericellular localization of MMP activities by MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wesley M Jackson
- Orthopaedic Research Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Orthopaedic Research Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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226
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Park H, Dovas A, Hanna S, Lastrucci C, Cougoule C, Guiet R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Cox D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) by Hck regulates macrophage function. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7897-906. [PMID: 24482227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that tyrosine phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is important for diverse macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, podosome dynamics, and matrix degradation. However, the specific tyrosine kinase mediating WASP phosphorylation is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Hck, which is predominantly expressed in leukocytes, can tyrosine phosphorylate WASP and regulates WASP-mediated macrophage functions. We demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP in response to stimulation with CX3CL1 or via Fcγ receptor ligation were severely reduced in Hck(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or in RAW/LR5 macrophages in which Hck expression was silenced using RNA-mediated interference (Hck shRNA). Consistent with reduced WASP tyrosine phosphorylation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and matrix degradation are reduced in Hck(-/-) BMMs or Hck shRNA cells. In particular, WASP phosphorylation was primarily mediated by the p61 isoform of Hck. Our studies also show that Hck and WASP are required for passage through a dense three-dimensional matrix and transendothelial migration, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP by Hck may play a role in tissue infiltration of macrophages. Consistent with a role for this pathway in invasion, WASP(-/-) BMMs do not invade into tumor spheroids with the same efficiency as WT BMMs and cells expressing phospho-deficient WASP have reduced ability to promote carcinoma cell invasion. Altogether, our results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP by Hck is required for proper macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- From the Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461 and
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227
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Baranov M, Ter Beest M, Reinieren-Beeren I, Cambi A, Figdor CG, van den Bogaart G. Podosomes of dendritic cells facilitate antigen sampling. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1052-1064. [PMID: 24424029 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.141226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells sample the environment for antigens and play an important role in establishing the link between innate and acquired immunity. Dendritic cells contain mechanosensitive adhesive structures called podosomes that consist of an actin-rich core surrounded by integrins, adaptor proteins and actin network filaments. They facilitate cell migration via localized degradation of extracellular matrix. Here, we show that podosomes of human dendritic cells locate to spots of low physical resistance in the substrate (soft spots) where they can evolve into protrusive structures. Pathogen recognition receptors locate to these protrusive structures where they can trigger localized antigen uptake, processing and presentation to activate T-cells. Our data demonstrate a novel role in antigen sampling for the podosomes of dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Baranov
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Inge Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud University Medical Centre Radboud Centre for Molecular Life Sciences Geert Grooteplein 28 6525GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Bergman A, Condeelis JS, Gligorijevic B. Invadopodia in context. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:273-9. [PMID: 24713806 PMCID: PMC4198352 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are dynamic protrusions in motile tumor cells whose function is to degrade extracellular matrix so that cells can enter into new environments. Invadopodia are specifically identified by microscopy as proteolytic invasive protrusions containing TKS5 and cortactin. The increasing complexity in models for the study of invadopodia, including engineered 3D environments, explants, or animal models in vivo, entails a higher level of microenvironment complexity as well as cancer cell heterogeneity. Such experimental setups are rich in information and offer the possibility of contextualizing invadopodia and other motility-related structures. That is, they hold the promise of revealing more realistic microenvironmental conditions under which the invadopodium assembles and functions or in which tumor cells switch to a different cellular phenotype (focal adhesion, lamellipodia, proliferation, and apoptosis). For such an effort, we need a systemic approach to microscopy, which will integrate information from multiple modalities. While the individual technologies needed to achieve this are mostly available, data integration and standardization is not a trivial process. In a systems microscopy approach, microscopy is used to extract information on cell phenotypes and the microenvironment while -omics technologies assess profiles of cancer cell and microenvironment genetic, transcription, translation, and protein makeups. Data are classified and linked via in silico modeling (including statistical and mathematical models and bioinformatics). Computational considerations create predictions to be validated experimentally by perturbing the system through use of genetic manipulations and molecular biology. With such a holistic approach, a deeper understanding of function of invadopodia in vivo will be reached, opening the potential for personalized diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Bergman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Price Center; Bronx, NY USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonic Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Price Center, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Price Center; Bronx, NY USA
| | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Price Center; Bronx, NY USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonic Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Price Center, Bronx, NY USA
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229
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Abstract
Cell migration is fundamental to establishing and maintaining the proper organization of multicellular organisms. Morphogenesis can be viewed as a consequence, in part, of cell locomotion, from large-scale migrations of epithelial sheets during gastrulation, to the movement of individual cells during development of the nervous system. In an adult organism, cell migration is essential for proper immune response, wound repair, and tissue homeostasis, while aberrant cell migration is found in various pathologies. Indeed, as our knowledge of migration increases, we can look forward to, for example, abating the spread of highly malignant cancer cells, retarding the invasion of white cells in the inflammatory process, or enhancing the healing of wounds. This article is organized in two main sections. The first section is devoted to the single-cell migrating in isolation such as occurs when leukocytes migrate during the immune response or when fibroblasts squeeze through connective tissue. The second section is devoted to cells collectively migrating as part of multicellular clusters or sheets. This second type of migration is prevalent in development, wound healing, and in some forms of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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230
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De Clercq S, Boucherie C, Vandekerckhove J, Gettemans J, Guillabert A. L-plastin nanobodies perturb matrix degradation, podosome formation, stability and lifetime in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78108. [PMID: 24236012 PMCID: PMC3827245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are cellular structures acting as degradation ‘hot-spots’ in monocytic cells. They appear as dot-like structures at the ventral cell surface, enriched in F-actin and actin regulators, including gelsolin and L-plastin. Gelsolin is an ubiquitous severing and capping protein, whereas L-plastin is a leukocyte-specific actin bundling protein. The presence of the capping protein CapG in podosomes has not yet been investigated. We used an innovative approach to investigate the role of these proteins in macrophage podosomes by means of nanobodies or Camelid single domain antibodies. Nanobodies directed against distinct domains of gelsolin, L-plastin or CapG were stably expressed in macrophage-like THP-1 cells. CapG was not enriched in podosomes. Gelsolin nanobodies had no effect on podosome formation or function but proved very effective in tracing distinct gelsolin populations. One gelsolin nanobody specifically targets actin-bound gelsolin and was effectively enriched in podosomes. A gelsolin nanobody that blocks gelsolin-G-actin interaction was not enriched in podosomes demonstrating that the calcium-activated and actin-bound conformation of gelsolin is a constituent of podosomes. THP-1 cells expressing inhibitory L-plastin nanobodies were hampered in their ability to form stable podosomes. Nanobodies did not perturb Ser5 phosphorylation of L-plastin although phosphorylated L-plastin was highly enriched in podosomes. Furthermore, nanobody-induced inhibition of L-plastin function gave rise to an irregular and unstable actin turnover of podosomes, resulting in diminished degradation of the underlying matrix. Altogether these results indicate that L-plastin is indispensable for podosome formation and function in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah De Clercq
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ciska Boucherie
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joël Vandekerckhove
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Aude Guillabert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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231
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Lagal V, Abrivard M, Gonzalez V, Perazzi A, Popli S, Verzeroli E, Tardieux I. Spire-1 contributes to the invadosome and its associated invasive properties. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:328-40. [PMID: 24213528 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an increased ability to squeeze through extracellular matrix gaps that they create by promoting proteolysis of its components. Major sites of degradation are specialized micro-domains in the plasma membrane collectively named invadosomes where the Arp2/3 complex and formin proteins cooperate to spatio-temporally control actin nucleation and the folding of a dynamic F-actin core. At invadosomes, proper coupling of exo-endocytosis allows polarized delivery of proteases that facilitate degradation of ECM and disruption of the cellular barrier. We investigated the contribution of the actin nucleator Spire-1 to invadosome structure and function, using Src-activated cells and cancer cells. We found that Spire-1 is specifically recruited at invadosomes and is part of a multi-molecular complex containing Src kinase, the formin mDia1 and actin. Spire-1 interacts with the Rab3A GTPase, a key player in the regulation of exocytosis that is present at invadosomes. Finally, over- and under-expression of Spire-1 resulted in cells with an increased or decreased potential for matrix degradation, respectively, therefore suggesting a functional interplay of Spire-1 with both actin nucleation and vesicular trafficking that might impact on cell invasive and metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lagal
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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232
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Li CMC, Chen G, Dayton TL, Kim-Kiselak C, Hoersch S, Whittaker CA, Bronson RT, Beer DG, Winslow MM, Jacks T. Differential Tks5 isoform expression contributes to metastatic invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 2013; 27:1557-67. [PMID: 23873940 DOI: 10.1101/gad.222745.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive metastatic spread remain poorly understood. Here we report that Tks5, which has been linked to the formation of proteolytic cellular protrusions known as invadopodia, undergoes an isoform switch during metastatic progression in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Nonmetastatic primary tumor-derived cells predominantly expressed a short isoform, Tks5short, while metastatic primary tumor- and metastasis-derived cells acquired increased expression of the full-length isoform Tks5long. This elevation of Tks5long to Tks5short ratio correlated with a commensurate increase in invadopodia activity in metastatic cells compared with nonmetastatic cells. Further characterization of these isoforms by knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that Tks5long promoted invadopodia in vitro and increased metastasis in transplant models and an autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma. Conversely, Tks5short decreased invadopodia stability and proteolysis, acting as a natural dominant-negative inhibitor to Tks5long. Importantly, high Tks5long and low Tks5short expressions in human lung adenocarcinomas correlated with metastatic disease and predicted worse survival of early stage patients. These data indicate that tipping the Tks5 isoform balance to a high Tks5long to Tks5short ratio promotes invadopodia-mediated invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carman Man-Chung Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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233
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Obika M, Vernon RB, Gooden MD, Braun KR, Chan CK, Wight TN. ADAMTS-4 and biglycan are expressed at high levels and co-localize to podosomes during endothelial cell tubulogenesis in vitro. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 62:34-49. [PMID: 24051360 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413507727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis of the extracellular matrix influences vascular growth. We examined the expression of ADAMTS-1, -4, and -5 metalloproteinases and their proteoglycan substrates versican, decorin, and biglycan as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) formed tubes within type I collagen gels in vitro. Tubulogenic and control HUVEC cultures expressed low levels of ADAMTS-1 and -5 mRNAs, but ADAMTS-4 mRNA was relatively abundant and was significantly elevated (as was ADAMTS-4 protein) in tubulogenic cultures versus controls. Immunocytochemistry revealed ADAMTS-4 in f-actin- and cortactin-positive podosome-like puncta in single cells and mature tubes. Tubulogenic and control cultures expressed low levels of versican and decorin mRNAs; however, peak levels of biglycan mRNA were 400- and 16,000-fold that of versican and decorin, respectively. Biglycan mRNA was highest at 3 hr, declined steadily through day 7 and, at 12 hr and beyond, was significantly lower in tubulogenic cultures than in controls. Western blots of extracellular matrix from tubulogenic cultures contained bands corresponding to biglycan and its cleavage products. By immunocytochemistry, biglycan was found in the pericellular matrix surrounding endothelial tubes and in cell-associated puncta that co-localized with ADAMTS-4 and cortactin. Collectively, our results suggest that ADAMTS-4 and its substrate biglycan are involved in tubulogenesis by endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Obika
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan (MO)
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234
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Xiao H, Liu M. Atypical protein kinase C in cell motility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3057-66. [PMID: 23096778 PMCID: PMC11113714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell motility is defined as cell movement in the three-dimensional space leading to repositioning of the cell. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC, including ζ and λ/ι) are a subfamily of PKC. Different from classic PKC and novel PKC, the activation of atypical PKC is not dependent on diacylglycerol or calcium. PKCζ can be activated by lipid components, such as phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidic acid, arachidonic acid, and ceramide. Both phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and PDK1 are necessary for the complete and stable activation of PKCζ. Atypical PKC is involved in the regulation of cell polarization, directional sensing, formation of filopodia, and cell motility. It is essential for migration and invasion of multiple cancer cell types. Particularly, atypical PKC has been found in the regulation of the motility of hematopoietic cells. It also participates in the regulation of proteolytic activity of podosomes and invadopodia. It has been found that atypical PKC can work coordinately with other PKC subfamily members and other signaling pathways. Research on the roles of atypical PKC in cell motility may lead to new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helan Xiao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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235
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Birch MA, Tanaka M, Kirmizidis G, Yamamoto S, Shimomura M. Microporous “Honeycomb” Films Support Enhanced Bone Formation In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2087-96. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Birch
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - George Kirmizidis
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sadaaki Yamamoto
- Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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236
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Lin YC, Tsai PH, Lin CY, Cheng CH, Lin TH, Lee KPH, Huang KY, Chen SH, Hwang JJ, Kandaswami CC, Lee MT. Impact of flavonoids on matrix metalloproteinase secretion and invadopodia formation in highly invasive A431-III cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71903. [PMID: 23991004 PMCID: PMC3749203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Invadopodia are considered to be crucial structures that allow cancer cells to penetrate across the extracellular matrix (ECM) by using matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we isolated a highly invasive A431-III subline from parental A431 cells by Boyden chamber assay. The A431-III cells possess higher invasive and migratory abilities, elevated levels of MMP-9 and an enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In this study, we discovered that A431-III cells had an increased potential to form invadopodia and an improved capacity to degrade ECM compared with the original A431 cells. We also observed enhanced phosphorylation levels of cortactin and Src in A431-III cells; these phosphorylated proteins have been reported to be the main regulators of invadopodia formation. Flavonoids, almost ubiquitously distributed in food plants and plant food products, have been documented to exhibit anti-tumor properties. Therefore, it was of much interest to explore the effects of flavonoid antioxidants on the metastatic activity of A431-III cells. Exposure of A431-III cells to two potent dietary flavonoids, namely luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu), caused inhibition of invadopodia formation and decrement in ECM degradation. We conclude that Lu and Qu attenuate the phosphorylation of cortactin and Src in A431-III cells. As a consequence, there ensues a disruption of invadopodia generation and the suppression of MMP secretion. These changes, in concert, bring about a reduction in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Chuen Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kevin P. H. Lee
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiuan-Jiuan Hwang
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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237
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Brisson L, Driffort V, Benoist L, Poet M, Counillon L, Antelmi E, Rubino R, Besson P, Labbal F, Chevalier S, Reshkin SJ, Gore J, Roger S. NaV1.5 Na⁺ channels allosterically regulate the NHE-1 exchanger and promote the activity of breast cancer cell invadopodia. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4835-42. [PMID: 23902689 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of the extracellular matrix by cancer cells represents an essential step in metastatic progression and this is performed by cancer cell structures called invadopodia. NaV1.5 (also known as SCN5A) Na(+) channels are overexpressed in breast cancer tumours and are associated with metastatic occurrence. It has been previously shown that NaV1.5 activity enhances breast cancer cell invasiveness through perimembrane acidification and subsequent degradation of the extracellular matrix by cysteine cathepsins. Here, we show that NaV1.5 colocalises with Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type 1 (NHE-1) and caveolin-1 at the sites of matrix remodelling in invadopodia of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. NHE-1, NaV1.5 and caveolin-1 co-immunoprecipitated, which indicates a close association between these proteins. We found that the expression of NaV1.5 was responsible for the allosteric modulation of NHE-1, rendering it more active at the intracellular pH range of 6.4-7; thus, it potentially extrudes more protons into the extracellular space. Furthermore, NaV1.5 expression increased Src kinase activity and the phosphorylation (Y421) of the actin-nucleation-promoting factor cortactin, modified F-actin polymerisation and promoted the acquisition of an invasive morphology in these cells. Taken together, our study suggests that NaV1.5 is a central regulator of invadopodia formation and activity in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Brisson
- Inserm U1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
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238
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Järvinen HM, Laakkonen L, Haiko J, Johansson T, Juuti K, Suomalainen M, Buchrieser C, Kalkkinen N, Korhonen TK. Human single-chain urokinase is activated by the omptins PgtE of Salmonella enterica and Pla of Yersinia pestis despite mutations of active site residues. Mol Microbiol 2013; 89:507-17. [PMID: 23763588 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinolysis is important in cell migration and tightly regulated by specific inhibitors and activators; of the latter, urokinase (uPA) associates with enhancement of cell migration. Active uPA is formed through cleavage of the single-chain uPA (scuPA). The Salmonella enterica strain 14028R cleaved human scuPA at the peptide bond Lys158-Ile159, the site cleaved also by the physiological activator human plasmin. The cleavage led to activation of scuPA, while no cleavage or activation were detected with the mutant strain 14028R lacking the omptin protease PgtE. Complementation and expression studies confirmed the role of PgtE in scuPA activation. Similar cleavage and activation of scuPA were detected with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the omptin genes pla from Yersinia pestis, ompT and ompP from E. coli, sopA from Shigella flexneri, and leo from Legionella pneumophila. For these omptins the activation of scuPA is the only shared function so far detected. Only poor cleavage and activation of scuPA were seen with YcoA of Y. pestis and YcoB of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis that are considered to be proteolytically inactive omptin variants. Point mutations of active site residues in Pla and PgtE had different effects on the proteolysis of plasminogen and of scuPA, indicating versatility in omptin proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Järvinen
- Division of General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI, 00014, Finland
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239
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Interplay between myosin IIA-mediated contractility and actin network integrity orchestrates podosome composition and oscillations. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1412. [PMID: 23361003 PMCID: PMC3562466 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident dendritic cells patrol for foreign antigens while undergoing slow mesenchymal migration. Using actomyosin-based structures called podosomes, dendritic cells probe and remodel extracellular matrix topographical cues. Podosomes comprise an actin-rich protrusive core surrounded by an adhesive ring of integrins, cytoskeletal adaptor proteins and actin network filaments. Here we reveal how the integrity and dynamics of protrusive cores and adhesive rings are coordinated by the actomyosin apparatus. Core growth by actin polymerization induces podosome protrusion and provides tension within the actin network filaments. The tension transmitted to the ring recruits vinculin and zyxin and preserves overall podosome integrity. Conversely, myosin IIA contracts the actin network filaments and applies tension to the vinculin molecules bound, counterbalancing core growth and eventually reducing podosome size and protrusion. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized interplay between actin and myosin IIA in podosomes, providing novel mechanistic insights into how actomyosin-based structures allow dendritic cells to sense the extracellular environment.
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240
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Díaz B, Yuen A, Iizuka S, Higashiyama S, Courtneidge SA. Notch increases the shedding of HB-EGF by ADAM12 to potentiate invadopodia formation in hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:279-92. [PMID: 23589494 PMCID: PMC3628517 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201209151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia increases the levels of ADAM12 in a Notch-dependent manner, leading to increased ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF and subsequent promotion of invadopodia formation. Notch regulates cell–cell contact-dependent signaling and is activated by hypoxia, a microenvironmental condition that promotes cellular invasion during both normal physiology and disease. The mechanisms by which hypoxia and Notch regulate cellular invasion are not fully elucidated. In this paper, we show that, in cancer cells, hypoxia increased the levels and activity of the ADAM12 metalloprotease in a Notch signaling–dependent manner, leading to increased ectodomain shedding of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Released HB-EGF induced the formation of invadopodia, cellular structures that aid cancer cell invasion. Thus, we describe a signaling pathway that couples cell contact–dependent signaling with the paracrine activation of the EGFR, indicating cross talk between the Notch and EGFR pathways in promoting cancer cell invasion. This signaling pathway might regulate the coordinated acquisition of invasiveness by neighboring cells and mediate the communication between normoxic and hypoxic areas of tumors to facilitate cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Díaz
- Cancer Center, Tumor Microenvironment Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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241
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Vérollet C, Gallois A, Dacquin R, Lastrucci C, Pandruvada SNM, Ortega N, Poincloux R, Behar A, Cougoule C, Lowell C, Al Saati T, Jurdic P, Maridonneau-Parini I. Hck contributes to bone homeostasis by controlling the recruitment of osteoclast precursors. FASEB J 2013; 27:3608-18. [PMID: 23742809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In osteoclasts, Src controls podosome organization and bone degradation, which leads to an osteopetrotic phenotype in src(-/-) mice. Since this phenotype was even more severe in src(-/-)hck(-/-) mice, we examined the individual contribution of Hck in bone homeostasis. Compared to wt mice, hck(-/-) mice exhibited an osteopetrotic phenotype characterized by an increased density of trabecular bone and decreased bone degradation, although osteoclastogenesis was not impaired. Podosome organization and matrix degradation were found to be defective in hck(-/-) osteoclast precursors (preosteoclast) but were normal in mature hck(-/-) osteoclasts, probably through compensation by Src, which was specifically overexpressed in mature osteoclasts. As a consequence of podosome defects, the 3-dimensional migration of hck(-/-) preosteoclasts was strongly affected in vitro. In vivo, this translated by altered bone homing of preosteoclasts in hck(-/-) mice: in metatarsals of 1-wk-old mice, when bone formation strongly depends on the recruitment of these cells, reduced numbers of osteoclasts and abnormal developing trabecular bone were observed. This phenotype was still detectable in adults. In summmary, Hck is one of the very few effectors of preosteoclast recruitment described to date and thereby plays a critical role in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vérollet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
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242
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Md Hashim NF, Nicholas NS, Dart AE, Kiriakidis S, Paleolog E, Wells CM. Hypoxia-induced invadopodia formation: a role for β-PIX. Open Biol 2013; 3:120159. [PMID: 23740575 PMCID: PMC3718326 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumour progression, oxygen tension in the microenvironment surrounding tumour cells is reduced, resulting in hypoxia. It is well established that cancer cells resist the negative effects of hypoxia by inducing angiogenesis predominantly via the activity of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). However, more recently HIF-1α has also been linked to increased invasive potential, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. Invasive cancer cells are thought to employ membrane protrusions, termed invadopodia, to achieve matrix degradation. While many invadopodia components have been identified, signalling pathways that link extracellular stimuli to invadopodia formation remain largely unknown. Indeed, the relationship between invadopodia formation and HIF-1α has not been explored. We now report that HIF-1α is a driver of invadopodia formation. Furthermore, we have identified an important, direct and novel link between the Rho family activator β-PIX, HIF-1α and invadopodia formation. Indeed, we find that β-PIX expression is essential for invadopodia formation. In conclusion, we identify a new HIF-1α mechanistic pathway and suggest that β-PIX is a novel downstream signalling mediator during invadopodia formation.
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243
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Johansson MW, Annis DS, Mosher DF. α(M)β(2) integrin-mediated adhesion and motility of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils on periostin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:503-10. [PMID: 23306834 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0150oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein that is up-regulated by T helper cell type 2 cytokines in the asthmatic airway and implicated in mouse studies as promoting eosinophil recruitment. We asked whether periostin modulates eosinophil adhesion and motility in vitro. Periostin adsorbed to polystyrene supported adhesion of purified human blood eosinophils stimulated by IL-5, IL-3, or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but did not support adhesion of eosinophils treated with IL-4 or IL-13. The degree of adhesion depended on the concentrations of periostin during coating and activating cytokine during the adhesion assay. Both full-length periostin and alternatively spliced periostin, lacking C-terminal exons 17, 18, 19, and 21, supported adhesion. Adhesion was inhibited by monoclonal antibody to α(M) or β(2) integrin subunits, but not by antibodies to other eosinophil integrin subunits. Adsorbed periostin also supported α(M)β(2)-dependent random motility of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils with optimal movement at an intermediate coating concentration. In the presence of IL-5, eosinophils adherent on periostin formed punctate structures positive for filamentous actin, gelsolin, and phosphotyrosine. These structures fit the criteria for podosomes, highly dynamic adhesive contacts that are distinct from classical focal adhesions. The results establish α(M)β(2) (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) as an adhesive and promigratory periostin receptor on cytokine-stimulated eosinophils, and suggest that periostin may function as a haptotactic stimulus able to guide eosinophils to areas of high periostin density in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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244
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Boecke A, Carstens AC, Neacsu CD, Baschuk N, Haubert D, Kashkar H, Utermöhlen O, Pongratz C, Krönke M. TNF-receptor-1 adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced B16 melanoma motility and invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:422-32. [PMID: 23674089 PMCID: PMC3721409 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotion of cancer cells can be induced by TNF and other motogenic factors secreted by cells of the tumour microenvironment such as macrophages. Based on our recent findings that the TNF receptor adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced actin reorganisation and regulates the directed migration of immune cells responding to chemotactic cues, we addressed the role of FAN in cancer cell motility and the formation of invadopodia, a crucial feature in tumour invasion. METHODS In B16 mouse melanoma cells, FAN was downregulated and the impact on FAN on cell motility and invasion was determined using in vitro assays and in vivo animal models. RESULTS Like FAN(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts, FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells showed defective motility responses to TNF in vitro. In vivo FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells produced significantly less disseminated tumours after i.v. injection into mice. Danio rerio used as a second in vivo model also revealed impaired spreading of FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells. Furthermore, FAN mediated TNF-induced paxillin phosphorylation, metalloproteinase activation and increased extracellular matrix degradation, the hallmarks of functionally active invadopodia. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that FAN through promoting melanoma cellular motility and tumour invasiveness is critical for the tumour-promoting action of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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245
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Rainero E, Norman JC. Late endosomal and lysosomal trafficking during integrin-mediated cell migration and invasion: cell matrix receptors are trafficked through the late endosomal pathway in a way that dictates how cells migrate. Bioessays 2013; 35:523-32. [PMID: 23605698 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently it has become clear that trafficking of integrins to late endosomes is key to the regulation of integrin expression and function during cell migration. Here we discuss the molecular machinery that dictates whether integrins are sorted to recycling endosomes or are targeted to late endosomes and lysosomes. Integrins and other receptors that are sorted to late endosomes are not necessarily degraded and, under certain circumstances, can be spared destruction and returned to the cell surface to drive cell migration and invasion. We will discuss how the exchange of adhesion receptors and other key regulators of cell migration between late endosomes/lysosomes and the plasma membrane can promote dynamic turnover of adhesions during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Beatson Institute for Cancer, Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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246
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Wiesner C, El Azzouzi K, Linder S. A specific subset of RabGTPases controls cell surface exposure of MT1-MMP, extracellular matrix degradation and three-dimensional invasion of macrophages. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2820-33. [PMID: 23606746 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP has a major impact on invasive cell migration in both physiological and pathological settings such as immune cell extravasation or metastasis of cancer cells. Surface-associated MT1-MMP is able to cleave components of the extracellular matrix, which is a prerequisite for proteolytic invasive migration. However, current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate MT1-MMP trafficking to and from the cell surface is limited. We have identified three members of the RabGTPase family, Rab5a, Rab8a and Rab14, as crucial regulators of MT1-MMP trafficking and function in primary human macrophages. Both overexpressed and endogenous forms show prominent colocalisation with MT1-MMP-positive vesicles, whereas expression of mutant constructs, as well as siRNA-induced knockdown, reveal that these RabGTPases are crucial in the regulation of MT1-MMP surface exposure, contact of MT1-MMP-positive vesicles with podosomes, extracellular matrix degradation in two and three dimensions, as well as three-dimensional proteolytic invasion of macrophages. Collectively, our results identify Rab5a, Rab8a and Rab14 as major regulators of MT1-MMP trafficking and invasive migration of primary human macrophages, which could be promising potential targets for manipulation of immune cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Wiesner
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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247
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Vaškovičová K, Žárský V, Rösel D, Nikolič M, Buccione R, Cvrčková F, Brábek J. Invasive cells in animals and plants: searching for LECA machineries in later eukaryotic life. Biol Direct 2013; 8:8. [PMID: 23557484 PMCID: PMC3663805 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive cell growth and migration is usually considered a specifically metazoan phenomenon. However, common features and mechanisms of cytoskeletal rearrangements, membrane trafficking and signalling processes contribute to cellular invasiveness in organisms as diverse as metazoans and plants – two eukaryotic realms genealogically connected only through the last common eukaryotic ancestor (LECA). By comparing current understanding of cell invasiveness in model cell types of both metazoan and plant origin (invadopodia of transformed metazoan cells, neurites, pollen tubes and root hairs), we document that invasive cell behavior in both lineages depends on similar mechanisms. While some superficially analogous processes may have arisen independently by convergent evolution (e.g. secretion of substrate- or tissue-macerating enzymes by both animal and plant cells), at the heart of cell invasion is an evolutionarily conserved machinery of cellular polarization and oriented cell mobilization, involving the actin cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway. Its central components - small GTPases (in particular RHO, but also ARF and Rab), their specialized effectors, actin and associated proteins, the exocyst complex essential for polarized secretion, or components of the phospholipid- and redox- based signalling circuits (inositol-phospholipid kinases/PIP2, NADPH oxidases) are aparently homologous among plants and metazoans, indicating that they were present already in LECA. Reviewer: This article was reviewed by Arcady Mushegian, Valerian Dolja and Purificacion Lopez-Garcia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Vaškovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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248
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Schachtner H, Calaminus SDJ, Sinclair A, Monypenny J, Blundell MP, Leon C, Holyoake TL, Thrasher AJ, Michie AM, Vukovic M, Gachet C, Jones GE, Thomas SG, Watson SP, Machesky LM. Megakaryocytes assemble podosomes that degrade matrix and protrude through basement membrane. Blood 2013; 121:2542-52. [PMID: 23305739 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-443457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes give rise to platelets via extension of proplatelet arms, which are released through the vascular sinusoids into the bloodstream. Megakaryocytes and their precursors undergo varying interactions with the extracellular environment in the bone marrow during their maturation and positioning in the vascular niche. We demonstrate that podosomes are abundant in primary murine megakaryocytes adherent on multiple extracellular matrix substrates, including native basement membrane. Megakaryocyte podosome lifetime and density, but not podosome size, are dependent on the type of matrix, with podosome lifetime dramatically increased on collagen fibers compared with fibrinogen. Podosome stability and dynamics depend on actin cytoskeletal dynamics but not matrix metalloproteases. However, podosomes degrade matrix and appear to be important for megakaryocytes to extend protrusions across a native basement membrane. We thus demonstrate for the first time a fundamental requirement for podosomes in megakaryocyte process extension across a basement membrane, and our results suggest that podosomes may have a role in proplatelet arm extension or penetration of basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schachtner
- University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences and Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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Jung O, Choi YJ, Kwak TK, Kang M, Lee MS, Ryu J, Kim HJ, Lee JW. The COOH-terminus of TM4SF5 in hepatoma cell lines regulates c-Src to form invasive protrusions via EGFR Tyr845 phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:629-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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250
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Miyazawa Y, Uekita T, Ito Y, Seiki M, Yamaguchi H, Sakai R. CDCP1 regulates the function of MT1-MMP and invadopodia-mediated invasion of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:628-37. [PMID: 23439492 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein that regulates anchorage-independent growth and cancer cell migration and invasion. Expression of CDCP1 is detected in a number of cancer cell lines and tissues and is closely correlated with poor prognosis. Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions on the surface of invasive cancer cells that promote the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via localized proteolysis, which is mainly mediated by membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). MT1-MMP is accumulated at invadopodia by targeted delivery via membrane trafficking. The present study shows that CDCP1 is required for ECM degradation by invadopodia in human breast cancer and melanoma cells. CDCP1 localized to caveolin-1-containing vesicular structures and lipid rafts and was detected in close proximity to invadopodia. Further biochemical analysis revealed that substantial amounts of CDCP1 existed in the Triton X-100 insoluble lipid raft fraction. CDCP1 was coimmunoprecipitated with MT1-MMP and colocalized with MT1-MMP at the vesicular structures. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of the CDCP1 expression markedly inhibited MT1-MMP-dependent ECM degradation and Matrigel invasion and reduced the accumulation of MT1-MMP at invadopodia, as shown by immunofluorescence analysis. These results indicate that CDCP1 is an essential regulator of the trafficking and function of MT1-MMP- and invadopodia-mediated invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miyazawa
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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