201
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Kale A, Sharma A, Stolzing A, Desprez PY, Campisi J. Role of immune cells in the removal of deleterious senescent cells. Immun Ageing 2020; 17:16. [PMID: 32518575 PMCID: PMC7271494 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an essentially irreversible arrest of cell proliferation coupled to a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The senescence arrest prevents the development of cancer, and the SASP can promote tissue repair. Recent data suggest that the prolonged presence of senescent cells, and especially the SASP, could be deleterious, and their beneficial effects early in life can become maladaptive such that they drive aging phenotypes and pathologies late in life. It is therefore important to develop strategies to eliminate senescent cells. There are currently under development or approved several immune cell-based therapies for cancer, which could be redesigned to target senescent cells. This review focuses on this possible use of immune cells and discusses how current cell-based therapies could be used for senescent cell removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Kale
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- SENS Research Foundation, 110 Pioneer Way, Suite J, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- SENS Research Foundation, 110 Pioneer Way, Suite J, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
- Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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202
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Coletti R, Leonardelli L, Parolo S, Marchetti L. A QSP model of prostate cancer immunotherapy to identify effective combination therapies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9063. [PMID: 32493951 PMCID: PMC7270132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, by enhancing the endogenous anti-tumor immune responses, is showing promising results for the treatment of numerous cancers refractory to conventional therapies. However, its effectiveness for advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer remains unsatisfactory and new therapeutic strategies need to be developed. To this end, systems pharmacology modeling provides a quantitative framework to test in silico the efficacy of new treatments and combination therapies. In this paper we present a new Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) model of prostate cancer immunotherapy, calibrated using data from pre-clinical experiments in prostate cancer mouse models. We developed the model by using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) describing the tumor, key components of the immune system, and seven treatments. Numerous combination therapies were evaluated considering both the degree of tumor inhibition and the predicted synergistic effects, integrated into a decision tree. Our simulations predicted cancer vaccine combined with immune checkpoint blockade as the most effective dual-drug combination immunotherapy for subjects treated with androgen-deprivation therapy that developed resistance. Overall, the model presented here serves as a computational framework to support drug development, by generating hypotheses that can be tested experimentally in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Coletti
- University of Trento, Department of mathematics, Trento, 38123, Italy
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, 38068, Italy
| | - Lorena Leonardelli
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, 38068, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, 38068, Italy
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, 38068, Italy.
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203
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Fiore D, Cappelli LV, Broccoli A, Zinzani PL, Chan WC, Inghirami G. Peripheral T cell lymphomas: from the bench to the clinic. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:323-342. [PMID: 32249838 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of orphan neoplasms. Despite the introduction of anthracycline-based chemotherapy protocols, with or without autologous haematopoietic transplantation and a plethora of new agents, the progression-free survival of patients with PTCLs needs to be improved. The rarity of these neoplasms, the limited knowledge of their driving defects and the lack of experimental models have impaired clinical successes. This scenario is now rapidly changing with the discovery of a spectrum of genomic defects that hijack essential signalling pathways and foster T cell transformation. This knowledge has led to new genomic-based stratifications, which are being used to establish objective diagnostic criteria, more effective risk assessment and target-based interventions. The integration of genomic and functional data has provided the basis for targeted therapies and immunological approaches that underlie individual tumour vulnerabilities. Fortunately, novel therapeutic strategies can now be rapidly tested in preclinical models and effectively translated to the clinic by means of well-designed clinical trials. We believe that by combining new targeted agents with immune regulators and chimeric antigen receptor-expressing natural killer and T cells, the overall survival of patients with PTCLs will dramatically increase.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fiore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Vincenzo Cappelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Broccoli
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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204
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Torrejon DY, Abril-Rodriguez G, Champhekar AS, Tsoi J, Campbell KM, Kalbasi A, Parisi G, Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Puig-Saus C, Cheung-Lau G, Wohlwender T, Krystofinski P, Vega-Crespo A, Lee CM, Mascaro P, Grasso CS, Berent-Maoz B, Comin-Anduix B, Hu-Lieskovan S, Ribas A. Overcoming Genetically Based Resistance Mechanisms to PD-1 Blockade. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1140-1157. [PMID: 32467343 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism-based strategies to overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy are urgently needed. We developed genetic acquired resistant models of JAK1, JAK2, and B2M loss-of-function mutations by gene knockout in human and murine cell lines. Human melanoma cell lines with JAK1/2 knockout became insensitive to IFN-induced antitumor effects, while B2M knockout was no longer recognized by antigen-specific T cells and hence was resistant to cytotoxicity. All of these mutations led to resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo. JAK1/2-knockout resistance could be overcome with the activation of innate and adaptive immunity by intratumoral Toll-like receptor 9 agonist administration together with anti-PD-1, mediated by natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells. B2M-knockout resistance could be overcome by NK-cell and CD4 T-cell activation using the CD122 preferential IL2 agonist bempegaldesleukin. Therefore, mechanistically designed combination therapies can overcome genetic resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The activation of IFN signaling through pattern recognition receptors and the stimulation of NK cells overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy mediated through deficient IFN receptor and antigen presentation pathways. These approaches are being tested in the clinic to improve the antitumor activity of PD-1 blockade therapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Y Torrejon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ameya S Champhekar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katie M Campbell
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse M Zaretsky
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cristina Puig-Saus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gardenia Cheung-Lau
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Wohlwender
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paige Krystofinski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Agustin Vega-Crespo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pau Mascaro
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine S Grasso
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beata Berent-Maoz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
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205
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Lu A, Liu H, Shi R, Cai Y, Ma J, Shao L, Rong V, Gkitsas N, Lei H, Highfill SL, Panch S, Stroncek DF, Jin P. Application of droplet digital PCR for the detection of vector copy number in clinical CAR/TCR T cell products. J Transl Med 2020; 18:191. [PMID: 32384903 PMCID: PMC7206671 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically engineered T cells have become an important therapy for B-cell malignancies. Measuring the efficiency of vector integration into the T cell genome is important for assessing the potency and safety of these cancer immunotherapies. Methods A digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay was developed and evaluated for assessing the average number of lenti- and retroviral vectors integrated into Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) and T Cell Receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells. Results The ddPCR assay consistently measured the concentration of an empty vector in solution and the average number of CAR and TCR vectors integrated into T cell populations. There was a linear relationship between the average vector copy number per cell measured by ddPCR and the proportion of cells transduced as measured by flow cytometry. Similar vector copy number measurements were obtained by different staff using the ddPCR assay, highlighting the assays reproducibility among technicians. Analysis of fresh and cryopreserved CAR T and TCR engineered T cells yielded similar results. Conclusions ddPCR is a robust tool for accurate quantitation of average vector copy number in CAR and TCR engineered T cells. The assay is also applicable to other types of genetically engineered cells including Natural Killer cells and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lu
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rongye Shi
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihua Cai
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinxia Ma
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Rong
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaos Gkitsas
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Lei
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandhya Panch
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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206
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Huang Y, Zeng J, Liu T, Xu Q, Song X, Zeng J. DNAM1 and 2B4 Costimulatory Domains Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Anti-GPC3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified Natural Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Cancer Cells in vitro. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3247-3255. [PMID: 32440221 PMCID: PMC7217313 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cellular immunotherapy against glypican 3 (GPC3) has recently been used in the treatment of HCC, following the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy in treatment of B cell malignancy. However, CAR-T cells are not “off-the-shelf” and always cause cytokine release syndrome, which can be eliminated by using natural killer (NK) cells as effector cells. Since a costimulatory signal is necessary for the activation, persistence, or cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, we speculated that the costimulatory signal is also required for CAR-NK cells in HCC treatment. Methods Five anti-GPC3 CAR plasmids containing different costimulatory domains were constructed. They included Z (only the CD3ζ domain, no costimulatory domain), CD28.Z (T-cell costimulatory domain CD28), DNAM1/2B4.Z (NK-cell-associated costimulatory domain DNAM1 or 2B4), and DNAM1.2B4.Z (both NK-cell-associated costimulatory domains). Respective CAR-NK-92 cells were generated. The MTT viability assay was performed to evaluate the effect of the different costimulatory domains on CAR-NK-cell proliferation. The effect on persistence was analyzed using an apoptosis assay and flow cytometry. Special cytotoxicity against normal hepatocellular cells and GPC3+ malignant cells was investigated in vitro. The concentration of cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) released by CAR-NK-92 cells was also measured by ELISA. Results NK-cell-associated costimulatory signal was necessary for CAR-NK-92 cells. CAR-NK-92 cells with DNAM1 and/or 2B4 expanded more quickly and persisted with a lower apoptotic ratio, compared to the presence of CD28 or no costimulatory signal. All CAR-NK-92 cells showed special cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. CAR-NK-92 cells with NK-cell-associated costimulatory domains exhibited higher cytotoxic ability compared with those without any costimulatory domain or with T-cell costimulatory domain. CAR-NK-92 cells with both DNAM1 and 2B4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity. The cytokine release assay results were consistent with those of the cytotoxicity assay. Conclusion We provided the first evidence supporting a strategy using DNAM1 and 2B4 costimulatory domains to generate anti-GPC3 CAR-NK-92 cells, which exhibits enhanced cytotoxicity against hepatocellular cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyi Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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207
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Wu Y, Li J, Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Shen J, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ji H, Du F, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Li M, Xiao Z. Natural killer cells as a double-edged sword in cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive review from cytokine therapy to adoptive cell immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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208
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Yao X, Jovevski JJ, Todd MF, Xu R, Li Y, Wang J, Matosevic S. Nanoparticle-Mediated Intracellular Protection of Natural Killer Cells Avoids Cryoinjury and Retains Potent Antitumor Functions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902938. [PMID: 32382476 PMCID: PMC7201255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of natural killer (NK) cells to mediate potent antitumor immunity in clinical adoptive transfer settings relies, in large part, on their ability to retain cytotoxic function following cryopreservation. To avoid potential systemic toxicities associated with infusions of NK cells into patients in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), interest in alternative cryoprotective agents (CPAs) with improved safety profiles has grown. Despite the development of various sugars, amino acids, polyols, and polyampholytes as cryoprotectants, their ability to promote protection from intracellular cryodamage is limited because they mostly act outside of the cell. Though ways to shuttle cryoprotectants intracellularly exist, NK cells' high aversity to manipulation and freezing has meant they are highly understudied as targets for the development of new cryopreservation approaches. Here, the first example of a safe and efficient platform for the intracellular delivery of non-DMSO CPAs to NK cells is presented. Biocompatible chitosan-based nanoparticles are engineered to mediate the efficient DMSO-free cryopreservation of NK cells. NK cells cryopreserved in this way retain potent cytotoxic, degranulation, and cytokine production functions against tumor targets. This not only represents the first example of delivering nanoparticles to NK cells, but illustrates the clinical potential in manufacturing safer allogeneic adoptive immunotherapies "off the shelf."
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Joshua J. Jovevski
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Michaela F. Todd
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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209
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Precision medicine in the clinical management of respiratory tract infections including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: learning from innovations in immuno-oncology. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2020; 25:233-241. [PMID: 30883448 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the light of poor management outcomes of antibiotic-resistant respiratory tract infection (RTI)-associated sepsis syndrome and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), new management interventions based on host-directed therapies (HDTs) are warranted to improve morbidity, mortality and long-term functional outcomes. We review developments in potential HDTs based on precision cancer therapy concepts applicable to RTIs including MDR-TB. RECENT FINDINGS Immune reactivity, tissue destruction and repair processes identified during studies of cancer immunotherapy share common pathogenetic mechanisms with RTI-associated sepsis syndrome and MDR-TB. T-cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors targeting pathogen-specific or host-derived mutated molecules (major histocompatibility class-dependent/ major histocompatibility class-independent) can be engineered for recognition by TCR γδ and natural killer (NK) cells. T-cell subsets and, more recently, NK cells are shown to be host-protective. These cells can also be activated by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or derived from allogeneic sources and serve as potential for improving clinical outcomes in RTIs and MDR-TB. SUMMARY Recent developments of immunotherapy in cancer reveal common pathways in immune reactivity, tissue destruction and repair. RTIs-related sepsis syndrome exhibits mixed immune reactions, making cytokine or ICI therapy guided by robust biomarker analyses, viable treatment options.
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210
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Petty AJ, Heyman B, Yang Y. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cell Therapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Battle Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040842. [PMID: 32244520 PMCID: PMC7226583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are fusion proteins engineered from antigen recognition, signaling, and costimulatory domains that can be used to reprogram T cells to specifically target tumor cells expressing specific antigens. Current CAR-T cell technology utilizes the patient's own T cells to stably express CARs and has achieved exciting clinical success in the past few years. However, current CAR-T cell therapy still faces several challenges, including suboptimal persistence and potency, impaired trafficking to solid tumors, local immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment and intrinsic toxicity associated with CAR-T cells. This review focuses on recent strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy and other exciting CAR approaches currently under investigation, including CAR natural killer (NK) and NKT cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Petty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Heyman
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (Y.Y.)
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211
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Subrakova VG, Kulemzin SV, Belovezhets TN, Chikaev AN, Chikaev NA, Koval OA, Gorchakov AA, Taranin AV. shp-2 gene knockout upregulates CAR-driven cytotoxicity of YT NK cells. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:80-86. [PMID: 33659784 PMCID: PMC7716529 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Russia, cancer is the second leading cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. Adoptive transfer of NK cells is a promising approach to fight cancer; however, for their successful use in cancer treatment, it is necessary to ensure their robust accumulation at tumor foci, provide resistance to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and to engineer them with higher cytotoxic activity. NK lymphocytes are known to kill cancer cells expressing a number of stress ligands; and the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors on the surface of the NK cell determines whether a cytotoxic reaction is triggered. We hypothesized that stronger cytotoxicity of NK cells could be achieved via gene editing aimed at enhancing the activating signaling cascades and/or weakening the inhibitory ones, thereby shifting the balance of signals towards NK cell activation and target cell lysis. Here, we took advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce mutations in the coding sequence of the shp-2 (PTPN11) gene encoding the signaling molecule of inhibitory pathways in NK cells. These shp-2 knock-out
NK cells were additionally transduced to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that selectively recognized the antigen of interest on the target cell surface and generated an activating signal. We demonstrate that the combination of shp-2 gene knockout and CAR expression increases the cytotoxicity of effector NK-like YT cells against human prostate cancer cell line Du-145 with ectopic expression of PSMA protein, which is specifically targeted by the CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Subrakova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Kulemzin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T N Belovezhets
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A N Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O A Koval
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Gorchakov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Taranin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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212
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Shin MH, Kim J, Lim SA, Kim J, Kim SJ, Lee KM. NK Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Cancer. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e14. [PMID: 32395366 PMCID: PMC7192832 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of technologies that can transform immune cells into therapeutic modalities, immunotherapy has remarkably changed the current paradigm of cancer treatment in recent years. NK cells are components of the innate immune system that act as key regulators and exhibit a potent tumor cytolytic function. Unlike T cells, NK cells exhibit tumor cytotoxicity by recognizing non-self, without deliberate immunization or activation. Currently, researchers have developed various approaches to improve the number and anti-tumor function of NK cells. These approaches include the use of cytokines and Abs to stimulate the efficacy of NK cell function, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic ex vivo expanded NK cells, establishment of homogeneous NK cell lines using the NK cells of patients with cancer or healthy donors, derivation of NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and modification of NK cells with cutting-edge genetic engineering technologies to generate chimeric Ag receptor (CAR)-NK cells. Such NK cell-based immunotherapies are currently reported as being promising anti-tumor strategies that have shown enhanced functional specificity in several clinical trials investigating malignant tumors. Here, we summarize the recent advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies that have focused on providing improved function through the use of the latest genetic engineering technologies. We also discuss the different types of NK cells developed for cancer immunotherapy and present the clinical trials being conducted to test their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Siyoung A Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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213
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Kim K, Abdal Dayem A, Gil M, Yang GM, Lee SB, Kwon OH, Choi S, Kang GH, Lim KM, Kim D, Cho SG. 3,2'-Dihydroxyflavone Improves the Proliferation and Survival of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation into Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030669. [PMID: 32131506 PMCID: PMC7141312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient maintenance of the undifferentiated status of human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for producing cells with improved proliferation, survival and differentiation, which can be successfully used for stem cell research and therapy. Here, we generated iPSCs from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and analyzed the proliferation and differentiation capacities of the generated iPSCs using single cell NGS-based 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening and RNA sequencing. In addition, we screened various natural compounds for molecules that could enhance the proliferation and differentiation potential of hiPSCs. Among the tested compounds, 3,2′-dihydroxyflavone (3,2′-DHF) significantly increased cell proliferation and expression of naïve stemness markers and decreased the dissociation-induced apoptosis of hiPSCs. Of note, 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs showed upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and an increase in the percentage of GSH-high cells in an analysis with a FreSHtracer system. Interestingly, culture of the 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs in differentiation media enhanced their mesodermal differentiation and differentiation into CD34+ CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and natural killer cells (NK) cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural compound 3,2′-DHF can improve the proliferation and differentiation capacities of hiPSCs and increase the efficiency of HPC and NK cell production from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Oh-Hyung Kwon
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Dongho Kim
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4207
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214
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Shah UA, Mailankody S. CAR T and CAR NK cells in multiple myeloma: Expanding the targets. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2020; 33:101141. [PMID: 32139020 PMCID: PMC7137578 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematologic malignancy with significant improvements in the overall survival over the last decade. However, patients still relapse and die due to a lack of treatment options. Ultimately, novel therapies with the potential for long term remissions are needed for patients with advanced MM. Research efforts for such immune therapies were not successful until recently when the first immunotherapies for MM were approved in 2015 and many more are under development. In this review, we focus on adoptive cell therapies including CAR T-cell and CAR NK-cell therapies for patients with MM. We will provide an update on clinical and translational advances with a focus on results from ongoing clinical trials with BCMA targeted cellular therapies and the development of other novel targets, changes in the manufacturing process, trials focusing on earlier lines of therapy and combinations with other therapies as well as off the shelf products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi A Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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215
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Zhang C, Hu Y, Shi C. Targeting Natural Killer Cells for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:60. [PMID: 32140153 PMCID: PMC7042203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate cytotoxic lymphocytes with a rapid and efficient capacity to recognize and kill tumor cells. In recent years, adoptive transfer of autologous- or allogeneic-activated NK cells has become a promising cellular therapy for cancer. However, the therapeutic efficiency is encouraging in hematopoietic malignancies, but disappointing in solid tumors, for which the use of NK-cell-based therapies presents considerable challenges. It is difficult for NK cells to traffic to, and infiltrate into, tumor sites. NK cell function, phenotype, activation, and persistence are impaired by the tumor microenvironment, even leading to NK cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Many strategies focusing on improving NK cells' durable persistence, activation, and cytolytic activity, including activation with cytokines or analogs, have been attempted. Modifying them with chimeric antigen receptors further increases the targeting specificity of NK cells. Checkpoint blockades can relieve the exhausted state of NK cells. In this review, we discuss how the cytolytic and effector functions of NK cells are affected by the tumor microenvironment and summarize the various immunotherapeutic strategies based on NK cells. In particular, we discuss recent advances in overcoming the suppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment with the aim of enhancing the clinical outcome in solid tumors treated with NK-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chongdeng Shi
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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216
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Khan M, Arooj S, Wang H. NK Cell-Based Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Front Immunol 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 32117298 PMCID: PMC7031489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, with an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions, is becoming an important mode of treatment for cancer patients. The inhibition of immune checkpoints, which are the source of immune escape for various cancers, is one such immunotherapeutic dimension. It has mainly been aimed at T cells in the past, but NK cells are a newly emerging target. Simultaneously, the number of checkpoints identified has been increasing in recent times. In addition to the classical NK cell receptors KIRs, LIRs, and NKG2A, several other immune checkpoints have also been shown to cause dysfunction of NK cells in various cancers and chronic infections. These checkpoints include the revolutionized CTLA-4, PD-1, and recently identified B7-H3, as well as LAG-3, TIGIT & CD96, TIM-3, and the most recently acknowledged checkpoint-members of the Siglecs family (Siglec-7/9), CD200 and CD47. An interesting dimension of immune checkpoints is their candidacy for dual-checkpoint inhibition, resulting in therapeutic synergism. Furthermore, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with other NK cell cytotoxicity restoration strategies could also strengthen its efficacy as an antitumor therapy. Here, we have undertaken a comprehensive review of the literature to date regarding NK cell-based immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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217
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Yahiro K, Matsumoto Y, Yamada H, Endo M, Setsu N, Fujiwara T, Nakagawa M, Kimura A, Shimada E, Okada S, Oda Y, Nakashima Y. Activation of TLR4 signaling inhibits progression of osteosarcoma by stimulating CD8-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:745-758. [PMID: 32047957 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and the prognosis of advanced cases is still poor. Recently, there have been several reports suggesting the relationship between innate immunity and OS, but the detailed mechanism is unknown. We demonstrate the relationship between OS and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which is one of the most important factors in innate immunity. METHODS We established a syngenic mouse tumor model using C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ mouse and a highly metastatic OS cell line, LM8. TLR4 activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed on both mice and its influence on the progression of OS was evaluated. We also performed CD8 + cells depletion to examine the influence on TLR4 activation effects. RESULTS Tumor volume of C3H/HeN mice was significantly smaller and overall survival of C3H/HeN mice was significantly longer than C3H/HeJ mice. We found more CD8+ cells infiltrating in lung metastases of C3H/HeN mice and depletion of CD8+ cells canceled the antitumor effects of LPS. CONCLUSION TLR4 activation by LPS increased CD8+ cells infiltrating into lung metastases and suppressed OS progression in the mouse model. TLR4 activation may suppress the progression of OS via stimulating CD8+ cells and can be expected as a novel treatment for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yahiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eijiro Shimada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical. Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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218
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Liu E, Marin D, Banerjee P, Macapinlac HA, Thompson P, Basar R, Nassif Kerbauy L, Overman B, Thall P, Kaplan M, Nandivada V, Kaur I, Nunez Cortes A, Cao K, Daher M, Hosing C, Cohen EN, Kebriaei P, Mehta R, Neelapu S, Nieto Y, Wang M, Wierda W, Keating M, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Use of CAR-Transduced Natural Killer Cells in CD19-Positive Lymphoid Tumors. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:545-553. [PMID: 32023374 PMCID: PMC7101242 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1910607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 307.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in B-cell cancers. However, CAR T cells can induce substantial toxic effects, and the manufacture of the cells is complex. Natural killer (NK) cells that have been modified to express an anti-CD19 CAR have the potential to overcome these limitations. METHODS In this phase 1 and 2 trial, we administered HLA-mismatched anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells derived from cord blood to 11 patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive cancers (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL]). NK cells were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing genes that encode anti-CD19 CAR, interleukin-15, and inducible caspase 9 as a safety switch. The cells were expanded ex vivo and administered in a single infusion at one of three doses (1×105, 1×106, or 1×107 CAR-NK cells per kilogram of body weight) after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. RESULTS The administration of CAR-NK cells was not associated with the development of cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, or graft-versus-host disease, and there was no increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, over baseline. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Of the 11 patients who were treated, 8 (73%) had a response; of these patients, 7 (4 with lymphoma and 3 with CLL) had a complete remission, and 1 had remission of the Richter's transformation component but had persistent CLL. Responses were rapid and seen within 30 days after infusion at all dose levels. The infused CAR-NK cells expanded and persisted at low levels for at least 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Among 11 patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive cancers, a majority had a response to treatment with CAR-NK cells without the development of major toxic effects. (Funded by the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center CLL and Lymphoma Moonshot and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03056339.).
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Allografts
- Antigens, CD19
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
- Female
- Fetal Blood
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Remission Induction/methods
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Transplantation Conditioning
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Affiliation(s)
- Enli Liu
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David Marin
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Pinaki Banerjee
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Homer A Macapinlac
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Philip Thompson
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Rafet Basar
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Lucila Nassif Kerbauy
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Bethany Overman
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Peter Thall
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Mecit Kaplan
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Vandana Nandivada
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Indresh Kaur
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ana Nunez Cortes
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Kai Cao
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - May Daher
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Chitra Hosing
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Evan N Cohen
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Rohtesh Mehta
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sattva Neelapu
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Yago Nieto
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Michael Wang
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - William Wierda
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Michael Keating
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Richard Champlin
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- From the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (E.L., D.M., P.B., R.B., L.N.K., B.O., M. Kaplan, V.N., I.K., A.N.C., M.D., C.H., P.K., R.M., Y.N., R.C., E.J.S., K.R.), Nuclear Medicine (H.A.M.), Leukemia (P. Thompson, W.W., M. Keating), Biostatistics (P. Thall), Laboratory Medicine (K.C.), Hematopathology (E.N.C.), and Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.N., M.W.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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He Z, Zhang Y, Feng N. Cell membrane-coated nanosized active targeted drug delivery systems homing to tumor cells: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Development of Human Monoclonal Antibody for Claudin-3 Overexpressing Carcinoma Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010051. [PMID: 31905631 PMCID: PMC7022679 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant tumors originate from epithelial tissues in which tight junctions mediate cell-cell interactions. Tight junction proteins, especially claudin-3 (CLDN3), are overexpressed in various cancers. Claudin-3 is exposed externally during tumorigenesis making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the development of antibodies against specific CLDN proteins is difficult, because CLDNs are four-transmembrane domain proteins with high homology among CLDN family members and species. Here, we developed a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (h4G3) against CLDN3 through scFv phage display using CLDN3-overexpressing stable cells and CLDN3-embedded lipoparticles as antigens. The h4G3 recognized the native conformation of human and mouse CLDN3 without cross-reactivity to other CLDNs. The binding kinetics of h4G3 demonstrated a sub-nanomolar affinity for CLDN3 expressed on the cell surface. The h4G3 showed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) according to CLDN3 expression levels in various cancer cells by the activation of FcγRIIIa (CD16a). The biodistribution of h4G3 was analyzed by intravenous injection of fluorescence-conjugated h4G3 which showed that it localized to the tumor site in xenograft mice bearing CLDN3-expressing tumors. These results indicate that h4G3 recognizes CLDN3 specifically, suggesting its value for cancer diagnosis, antibody-drug conjugates, and potentially as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for CLDN3-expressing pan-carcinoma.
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Pires CF, Rosa FF, Kurochkin I, Pereira CF. Understanding and Modulating Immunity With Cell Reprogramming. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2809. [PMID: 31921109 PMCID: PMC6917620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming concepts have been classically developed in the fields of developmental and stem cell biology and are currently being explored for regenerative medicine, given its potential to generate desired cell types for replacement therapy. Cell fate can be experimentally reversed or modified by enforced expression of lineage specific transcription factors leading to pluripotency or attainment of another somatic cell type identity. The possibility to reprogram fibroblasts into induced dendritic cells (DC) competent for antigen presentation creates a paradigm shift for understanding and modulating the immune system with direct cell reprogramming. PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 were identified as sufficient and necessary to impose DC fate in unrelated cell types, taking advantage of Clec9a, a C-type lectin receptor with restricted expression in conventional DC type 1. The identification of such minimal gene regulatory networks helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing development and lineage heterogeneity along the hematopoietic hierarchy. Furthermore, the generation of patient-tailored reprogrammed immune cells provides new and exciting tools for the expanding field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize cell reprogramming concepts and experimental approaches, review current knowledge at the intersection of cell reprogramming with hematopoiesis, and propose how cell fate engineering can be merged to immunology, opening new opportunities to understand the immune system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana F. Pires
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio F. Rosa
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jang JH, Janker F, De Meester I, Arni S, Borgeaud N, Yamada Y, Gil Bazo I, Weder W, Jungraithmayr W. The CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses lung cancer growth via macrophage-mediated NK cell activity. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:324-334. [PMID: 30698677 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a transmembrane protein which is expressed by various malignant cells. We found that the expression of CD26/DPP4 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma samples in our own patient cohort compared to normal lung tissue. We therefore hypothesize that the inhibition of CD26/DPP4 can potentially suppress lung cancer growth. The CD26/DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin was employed on Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell line and a human lung adenocarcinoma (H460) cell line. Two weeks after subcutaneous injection of tumor cells into C57BL/6 and CD1/nude mice, the size of LLC and H460 tumors was significantly reduced by vildagliptin. Immunohistochemically, the number of macrophages (F4/80+) and NK cells (NKp46+) was significantly increased in vildagliptin-treated tumor samples. Mechanistically, we found in vitro that lung cancer cell lines expressed increased levels of surfactant protein upon vildagliptin treatment thereby promoting the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages. By the depletion of macrophages with clodronate and by using NK cell deficient (IL-15-/-) mice, tumors reversed to the size of controls, suggesting that indeed macrophages and NK cells were responsible for the observed tumor-suppressing effect upon vildagliptin treatment. FACS analysis showed tumor-infiltrating NK cells to express tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) which induced the intra-cellular stress marker γH2AX. Accordingly, we found upregulated γH2AX in vildagliptin-treated tumors and TRAIL-treated cell lines. Moreover, the effect of vildagliptin-mediated enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity could be reversed by antagonizing the TRAIL receptor. Our data provide evidence that the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin reduces lung cancer growth. We could demonstrate that this effect is exerted by surfactant-activated macrophages and NK cells that act against the tumor via TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwi Jang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Janker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan Arni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Borgeaud
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Gil Bazo
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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CAR-NK for tumor immunotherapy: Clinical transformation and future prospects. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:175-180. [PMID: 31790761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T)-cells in the treatment of hematological tumors has been successful and has become a clinical hotspot in tumor immunotherapy. However, their wide application is limited by inherent risks such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and the amount of time it takes to produce CAR-T cells. Natural killer (NK) cells can be xenografted and have the potential to become off-the-shelf products, making CAR-NK cell therapies universal products. These products may be safer than CAR-T cell therapy. Considering that the fundamental researche is still in its infancy, this review focuses on clinical achievements and new strategies for improving the safety and efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy, as well as the corresponding challenges.
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Corral Sánchez MD, Fernández Casanova L, Pérez-Martínez A. Beyond CAR-T cells: Natural killer cells immunotherapy. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 154:134-141. [PMID: 31771858 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents suffering from refractory leukaemia, relapse after stem cell transplantation, solid metastatic tumour or refractory to conventional treatments still condition a dismal prognosis. The critical role of the immune system in the immunosurveillance of cancer is becoming relevant with the development of new treatments such as the checkpoint inhibitor drugs and genetic modified T lymphocytes, tisagenlecleucel or axicabtagene ciloleucel. In addition, other immunotherapies are being developed such as cell therapy with natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. The rapid and potent cytotoxic activity of NK cells respecting healthy cells and the possibility of expansion, manipulating them and combining them with other treatments, make these cells a powerful therapeutic tool to be developed, with a very high safety profile. Furthermore, new strategies are being developed to increase the therapeutic benefit of NK cells such as genetic manipulation for the expression of chimeric antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España.
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Maennling AE, Tur MK, Niebert M, Klockenbring T, Zeppernick F, Gattenlöhner S, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Hussain AF. Molecular Targeting Therapy against EGFR Family in Breast Cancer: Progress and Future Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121826. [PMID: 31756933 PMCID: PMC6966464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family contains four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (EGFR1/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3 and Her4/ErbB4) and 13 secreted polypeptide ligands. EGFRs are overexpressed in many solid tumors, including breast, pancreas, head-and-neck, prostate, ovarian, renal, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Such overexpression produces strong stimulation of downstream signaling pathways, which induce cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, cell motility and blocking of apoptosis.The high expression and/or functional activation of EGFRs correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of several cancers, which make them attractive targets for both diagnosis and therapy. Several approaches have been developed to target these receptors and/or the EGFR modulated effects in cancer cells. Most approaches include the development of anti-EGFRs antibodies and/or small-molecule EGFR inhibitors. This review presents the state-of-the-art and future prospects of targeting EGFRs to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Eleonora Maennling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Niebert
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Department of Biological Sensing and Detection, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-64199930570
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Levada K, Omelyanchik A, Rodionova V, Weiskirchen R, Bartneck M. Magnetic-Assisted Treatment of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:E1279. [PMID: 31635053 PMCID: PMC6830324 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury can be induced by viruses, toxins, cellular activation, and metabolic dysregulation and can lead to liver fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis still remains a major burden on the global health systems. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are considered the main cause of liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells are key targets in antifibrotic treatment, but selective engagement of these cells is an unresolved issue. Current strategies for antifibrotic drugs, which are at the critical stage 3 clinical trials, target metabolic regulation, immune cell activation, and cell death. Here, we report on the critical factors for liver fibrosis, and on prospective novel drugs, which might soon enter the market. Apart from the current clinical trials, novel perspectives for anti-fibrotic treatment may arise from magnetic particles and controlled magnetic forces in various different fields. Magnetic-assisted techniques can, for instance, enable cell engineering and cell therapy to fight cancer, might enable to control the shape or orientation of single cells or tissues mechanically. Furthermore, magnetic forces may improve localized drug delivery mediated by magnetism-induced conformational changes, and they may also enhance non-invasive imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Levada
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia.
| | - Alexander Omelyanchik
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia.
| | - Valeria Rodionova
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia.
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Expansion processes for cell-based therapies. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107455. [PMID: 31629791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are emerging as therapeutic entities for the treatment of patients affected with severe and chronic diseases where no conventional drug can provide a definitive cure. At the same time, the promise of cell-based therapies comes with several biological, regulatory, economic, logistical, safety and engineering challenges that need to be addressed before translating into clinical practice. Among the complex operations required for their manufacturing, cell expansion occupies a significant part of the entire process and largely determines the number, the phenotype and several other critical quality attributes of the final cell therapy products (CTPs). This review aims at characterizing the main culture systems and expansion processes used for CTP production, highlighting the need to implement scalable, cost-efficient technologies together with process optimization strategies to bridge the gap between basic scientific research and commercially available therapies.
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228
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Xu X, Li T, Shen S, Wang J, Abdou P, Gu Z, Mo R. Advances in Engineering Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7889-7905. [PMID: 31695806 PMCID: PMC6831467 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to utilize the host immune system to kill cancer cells. Recent representative immunotherapies include T-cell transfer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, antibody-based immunomodulator therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and cytokine therapies. Recently developed therapies leveraging engineered cells for immunotherapy against cancers have been reported to enhance antitumor efficacy while reducing side effects. Such therapies range from biologically, chemically and physically -engineered cells to bioinspired and biomimetic nanomedicines. In this review, advances of engineering cells for cancer immunotherapy are summarized, and prospects of this field are discussed.
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229
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Shilovskiy IP, Dyneva ME, Kurbacheva OM, Kudlay DA, Khaitov MR. The Role of Interleukin-37 in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:54-64. [PMID: 31993235 PMCID: PMC6977961 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-54-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family play an important role in the realization of the protective functions of innate immunity and are the key mediators involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various manifestations of allergy. The IL-1 family includes more than 11 members. However, the functions of many of them remain to be elucidated. Recently, new members of the IL-1 family have been discovered. In 2000, several independent research groups reported the discovery of a new interleukin of this family, which was named IL-37, or IL-1F7 (according to the new nomenclature). IL-37 was assigned to the IL-1 family based on its structural similarity with other members of this family. The study of its biological properties showed that its activity changes in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, as well as allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis). However, unlike most members of the IL-1 family, IL-37 acts as a negative regulator of inflammation. Activation of IL-37 suppresses inflammation, resulting in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn prevents infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils and neutrophils. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-37 in the development of allergic diseases (AD) have not been fully studied. This review summarizes and analyzes the accumulated experimental data on the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis of AD, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Shilovskiy
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - M. E. Dyneva
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - O. M. Kurbacheva
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - D. A. Kudlay
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - M. R. Khaitov
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
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230
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Shilova ON, Deyev SM. DARPins: Promising Scaffolds for Theranostics. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:42-53. [PMID: 31993234 PMCID: PMC6977956 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-42-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are the classical basis for targeted therapy, but the development of alternative binding proteins has made it possible to use non-immunoglobulin proteins as targeting modules. The advantages of DARPins, scaffold proteins based on ankyrin repeats, over antibodies are as follows: small size, stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values, low aggregation tendency, and ease of production in heterologous expression systems. The differences in the structure of the paratope of DARPin and antibodies broaden the spectrum of target molecules, while the ease of creating hybrid fusion proteins allows one to obtain bispecific and multivalent constructs. In this article, we summarize recent data on the development of therapeutic and imaging compounds based on DARPins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. N. Shilova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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231
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Abstract
'Immune checkpoint blockade' for cancer describes the use of therapeutic antibodies that disrupt negative immune regulatory checkpoints and unleash pre-existing antitumour immune responses. Antibodies targeting the checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and PD1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have had early success in the clinic, which has led to approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of multiple agents in several cancer types. Yet, clinicians still have very limited tools to discriminate a priori patients who will and will not respond to treatment. This has fuelled a wave of research into the molecular mechanisms of tumour-intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, leading to the rediscovery of biological processes critical to antitumour immunity, namely interferon signalling and antigen presentation. Other efforts have shed light on the immunological implications of canonical cancer signalling pathways, such as WNT-β-catenin signalling, cell cycle regulatory signalling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and pathways activated by loss of the tumour suppressor phosphoinositide phosphatase PTEN. Here we review each of these molecular mechanisms of resistance and explore ongoing approaches to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade and expand the spectrum of patients who can benefit from immune checkpoint blockade.
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232
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Yakkala C, Chiang CLL, Kandalaft L, Denys A, Duran R. Cryoablation and Immunotherapy: An Enthralling Synergy to Confront the Tumors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2283. [PMID: 31608067 PMCID: PMC6769045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of solid tumors by ablation techniques has gained momentum in the recent years due to their technical simplicity and reduced morbidity as juxtaposed to surgery. Cryoablation is one of such techniques, known for its uniqueness to destroy the tumors by freezing to lethal temperatures. Freezing the tumor locally and allowing it to remain in situ unleashes an array of tumor antigens to be exposed to the immune system, paving the way for the generation of anti-tumor immune responses. However, the immune responses triggered in most cases are insufficient to eradicate the tumors with systemic spread. Therefore, combination of cryoablation and immunotherapy is a new treatment strategy currently being evaluated for its efficacy, notably in patients with metastatic disease. This article examines the mechanistic fabric of cryoablation for the generation of an effective immune response against the tumors, and various possibilities of its combination with different immunotherapies that are capable of inducing exceptional therapeutic responses. The combinatorial treatment avenues discussed in this article if explored in sufficient profundity, could reach the pinnacle of future cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakradhar Yakkala
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana Kandalaft
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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233
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Liu S, Dhar P, Wu JD. NK Cell Plasticity in Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091492. [PMID: 31546818 PMCID: PMC6780970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical immune components in controlling tumor growth and dissemination. Given their innate capacity to eliminate tumor cells without prior sensitization, NK-based therapies for cancer are actively pursued pre-clinically and clinically. However, recent data suggest that tumors could induce functional alterations in NK cells, polarizing them to tumor-promoting phenotypes. The potential functional plasticity of NK cells in the context of tumors could lead to undesirable outcomes of NK-cell based therapies. In this review, we will summarize to-date evidence of tumor-associated NK cell plasticity and provide our insights for future investigations and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Liu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Payal Dhar
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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234
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Xu X, Huang W, Heczey A, Liu D, Guo L, Wood M, Jin J, Courtney AN, Liu B, Di Pierro EJ, Hicks J, Barragan GA, Ngai H, Chen Y, Savoldo B, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. NKT Cells Coexpressing a GD2-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor and IL15 Show Enhanced In Vivo Persistence and Antitumor Activity against Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7126-7138. [PMID: 31484667 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKT) are attractive carriers for chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) due to their inherent antitumor properties and preferential localization to tumor sites. However, limited persistence of CAR-NKTs in tumor-bearing mice is associated with tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated whether coexpression of the NKT homeostatic cytokine IL15 with a CAR enhances the in vivo persistence and therapeutic efficacy of CAR-NKTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human primary NKTs were ex vivo expanded and transduced with CAR constructs containing an optimized GD2-specific single-chain variable fragment and either the CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory endodomain, each with or without IL15 (GD2.CAR or GD2.CAR.15). Constructs that mediated robust CAR-NKT cell expansion were selected for further functional evaluation in vitro and in xenogeneic mouse models of neuroblastoma. RESULTS Coexpression of IL15 with either costimulatory domain increased CAR-NKT absolute numbers. However, constructs containing 4-1BB induced excessive activation-induced cell death and reduced numeric expansion of NKTs compared with respective CD28-based constructs. Further evaluation of CD28-based GD2.CAR and GD2.CAR.15 showed that coexpression of IL15 led to reduced expression levels of exhaustion markers in NKTs and increased multiround in vitro tumor cell killing. Following transfer into mice bearing neuroblastoma xenografts, GD2.CAR.15 NKTs demonstrated enhanced in vivo persistence, increased localization to tumor sites, and improved tumor control compared with GD2.CAR NKTs. Importantly, GD2.CAR.15 NKTs did not produce significant toxicity as determined by histopathologic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results informed selection of the CD28-based GD2.CAR.15 construct for clinical testing and led to initiation of a first-in-human CAR-NKT cell clinical trial (NCT03294954).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Huang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andras Heczey
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daofeng Liu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Linjie Guo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Wood
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingling Jin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ho Ngai
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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235
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Sahin U, Beksac M. Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cellular Therapy of Hematological Malignancies. Clin Hematol Int 2019; 1:134-141. [PMID: 34595423 PMCID: PMC8432367 DOI: 10.2991/chi.d.190623.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding on the mechanisms of graft versus tumor/leukemia (GvT/GvL) and graft versus host (GvH) effects has tremendously evolved within the past decades. During the search for a mechanism that augments GvT/GvL without increasing GvH effects, natural killer (NK) cells have clearly attracted attention. Current approaches of NK cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies involve using methods for in vivo potentiation of NK cell proliferation and activity; adoptive transfer of NK cells from autologous and allogeneic sources [cord blood mononuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD34+ stem cells] and NK cell lines; and genetic modification of NK cells. Several cytokines, including interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 take part in the development of NK cells and have been shown to boost NK cell effects both in vivo and ex vivo. Monoclonal antibodies directed towards certain targets, including stimulating CD16, blockade of NK cell receptors, and redirection of cytotoxicity to tumor cells via bi- or tri-specific engagers may promote NK cell function. Despite the relative disappointment with autologous NK cell infusions, the future holds promise in adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells and the development of novel cellular therapeutic strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cell immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current status of NK cell-related mechanisms in the therapy of hematologic malignancies, and discuss the future perspectives on adoptive NK cell transfer and other novel cellular immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sahin
- Hematology Unit, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Cebeci Hospital, 06220, Ankara, Turkey
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236
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McBride DA, Kerr MD, Wai SL, Shah NJ. Applications of molecular engineering in T-cell-based immunotherapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1557. [PMID: 30972976 PMCID: PMC7869905 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing an individual's immune cells to mediate antitumor and antiviral responses is a life-saving option for some patients with otherwise intractable forms of cancer and infectious disease. In particular, T-cell-based engineered immune cells are a powerful new class of therapeutics with remarkable efficacy. Clinical experience has helped to define some of the major challenges for reliable, safe, and effective deployment of T-cells against a broad range of diseases. While poised to revolutionize immunotherapy, scalable manufacturing, safety, specificity, and the development of resistance are potential roadblocks in their widespread usage. The development of molecular engineering tools to allow for the direct or indirect engineering of T-cells to enable one to troubleshoot delivery issues, amplify immunomodulatory effects, integrate the synergistic effects of different molecules, and home to the target cells in vivo. In this review, we will analyze thus-far developed cell- and material-based tools for enhancing T-cell therapies, including methods to improve safety and specificity, enhancing efficacy, and overcoming limitations in scalable manufacturing. We summarize the potential of T-cells as immune modulating therapies and the potential future directions for enabling their adoption for a broad range of diseases. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McBride
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Program in Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Matthew D Kerr
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Program in Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shinya L Wai
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Nisarg J Shah
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Program in Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California
- San Diego Center for Precision Immunotherapy, University of California, San Diego, California
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237
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Lucar O, Reeves RK, Jost S. A Natural Impact: NK Cells at the Intersection of Cancer and HIV Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1850. [PMID: 31474977 PMCID: PMC6705184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efficient suppression of plasma viremia in people living with HIV (PLWH) on cART, evidence of HIV-induced immunosuppression remains, and normally benign and opportunistic pathogens become major sources of co-morbidities, including virus-induced cancers. In fact, cancer remains a primary cause of death even in virally suppressed PLWH. Natural killer (NK) cells provide rapid early responses to HIV infection, contribute substantially to disease modulation and vaccine protection, and are also major therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, much like other lymphocyte populations, recent burgeoning evidence suggests that in chronic conditions like HIV, NK cells can become functionally exhausted with impaired cytotoxic function, altered cytokine production and impaired antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Recent work suggests functional anergy is likely due to low-level ongoing virus replication, increased inflammatory cytokines, or increased presence of MHClow target cells. Indeed, HIV-induced loss of NK cell-mediated control of lytic EBV infection has been specifically shown to cause lymphoma and also increases replication of CMV. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of NK cell modulation of HIV disease, reciprocal exhaustion of NK cells, and how this may impact increased cancer incidences and prospects for NK cell-targeted immunotherapies. Finally, we will review the most recent evidence supporting adaptive functions of NK cells and highlight the potential of adaptive NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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238
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Multifunctional nanoparticles for genetic engineering and bioimaging of natural killer (NK) cell therapeutics. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119418. [PMID: 31419655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, natural killer (NK)-based immunotherapy has attracted attention as a next-generation cell-based cancer treatment strategy due to its mild side effects and excellent therapeutic efficacy. Here, we describe multifunctional nanoparticles (MF-NPs) capable of genetically manipulating NK cells and tracking them in vivo through non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence optical imaging. The MF-NPs were synthesized with a core-shell structure by conjugation of a cationic polymer labeled with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecule, with the aid of a polydopamine (PDA) coating layer. When administered to NKs, the MF-NPs exhibited excellent cytocompatibility, efficiently delivered genetic materials into the immune cells, and induced target protein expression. In particular, the MF-NPs could induce the expression of EGFR targeting chimeric antigen receptors (EGFR-CARs) on the NK cell surface, which improved the cells' anti-cancer cytotoxic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, when NK cells labeled with MF-NPs were injected into live mice, MF-NP-labeled NK cells could be successfully imaged using fluorescence and MR imaging devices. Our findings indicate that MF-NPs have great potential for application of NK cells, as well as other types of cell therapies involving genetic engineering and in vivo monitoring of cell trafficking.
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239
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Freund-Brown J, Chirino L, Kambayashi T. Strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors and infections. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:105-130. [PMID: 29953390 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018025248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells equipped with the ability to rapidly kill stressed cells that are neoplastic or virally infected. These cells are especially important in settings where these stressed cells downregulate MHC class I molecules and evade recognition by cytotoxic T cells. However, the activity of NK cells alone is often suboptimal to fully control tumor growth or to clear viral infections. Thus, the enhancement of NK cell function is necessary to fully harness their antitumor or antiviral potential. In this review, we discuss how NK cell function can be augmented by the modulation of signal transduction pathways, by the manipulation of inhibitory/activating receptors on NK cells, and by cytokine-induced activation. We also discuss how some of these strategies are currently impacting NK cells in the treatment of cancer and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Freund-Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leilani Chirino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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240
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Hinshaw DC, Shevde LA. The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4557-4566. [PMID: 31350295 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1774] [Impact Index Per Article: 354.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma. Cancer cells can functionally sculpt their microenvironment through the secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. This results in a reprogramming of the surrounding cells, enabling them to play a determinative role in tumor survival and progression. Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor stroma and critically take part in this process. Growing evidence suggests that the innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune cells (T cells and B cells) contribute to tumor progression when present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cross-talk between cancer cells and the proximal immune cells ultimately results in an environment that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the nature of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that simultaneously target multiple components of the TME, increasing the likelihood of favorable patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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241
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Liu B, Liu ZZ, Zhou ML, Lin JW, Chen XM, Li Z, Gao WB, Yu ZD, Liu T. Development of c‑MET‑specific chimeric antigen receptor‑engineered natural killer cells with cytotoxic effects on human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2823-2831. [PMID: 31524233 PMCID: PMC6691195 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cellular immunotherapy has served an important role in the combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The possibility of specific cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumours has been further explored following the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in the treatment of haematological tumours. The present study aimed to evaluate the specificity and efficiency of c-MET-targeted CAR-NK cell immunotherapy on human liver cancer in vitro. A CAR structure that targeted and recognised a c-MET antigen was constructed. c-MET-CAR was transferred into primary NK cells using lentiviral infection. c-MET-positive HepG2 cells were used as an in vitro study model. The cytotoxicity assay results revealed that c-MET-CAR-NK cells exhibited more specific cytotoxicity for HepG2 cells with high c-MET expression compared with the lung cancer cell line H1299, which has low levels of c-MET expression. The results of the present study demonstrated that c-MET may be a specific and effective target for human liver cancer cell CAR-NK immunotherapy. Based on these results, CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy may provide a potential biotherapeutic approach for liver cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children Health Institute of Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lin
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Gao
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
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242
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Guo C, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhi L, Lv T, Li M, Lu C, Zhu W. Structure-based rational design of a novel chimeric PD1-NKG2D receptor for natural killer cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:108-113. [PMID: 31351411 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to provide the potential for the implementation of allogeneic "off-the-shelf" cellular therapy against cancers. Currently, most CARs are not optimized for NK cells, so new NK-tailored CARs are needed. Here, a major activating receptor of NK cells, NKG2D was harnessed to design different chimeric receptors that mediate strong NK cell signaling. In these NKG2D signaling-based chimeric receptors, the extracellular domain of inhibitory receptor PD-1 was employed to reverse the immune escape mediated by PD-1 ligands in the solid tumors. To achieve the rational design of chimeric PD1-NKG2D receptors, we developed a transmembrane protein tertiary structure prediction program (PredMP & I-TASSER) and optimized the conformation of the PD-1 ectodomain by genetically altering the sequences encoding the hinge and intracellular domain. Finally, we identified a chimeric PD1-NKG2D receptor containing NKG2D hinge region and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain to exhibit stable surface expression and mediate in vitro cytotoxicity of NK92 cells against various tumor cells. This strategy now provides a promising approach for the computer-aided design (CAD) of potent NK cell-tailored chimeric receptors with NKG2D signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lingtong Zhi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Tanyu Lv
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chengui Lu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wuling Zhu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
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243
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Therapeutic mRNA delivery to leukocytes. J Control Release 2019; 305:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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244
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Wang L, Dou M, Ma Q, Yao R, Liu J. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified NK cells against cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105695. [PMID: 31254958 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NK cells may have great potential in tumor immunotherapy because they can kill tumor cells directly and quickly. Chimeric antigen receptor is a fusion protein composed of extracellular antigen recognition domain, transmembrane domain and intracellular signal domain. Rapid development of CAR-modified T cells has made tremendous achievements in the treatment of malignancies, especially hematological malignancies. However, there are many deficiencies in clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy. Car-modified NK cells have attracted much attention because they may avoid these shortcomings. At present, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that CAR-NK cell therapy may play significant anti-tumor role and it is safer than CAR-T cell therapy. Nevertheless, CAR-NK cell therapy still faces some challenges, such as the expansion and activation of primary NK cells in vitro, the difficulty to store and ship NK cell products and the low transduction efficiency. Thus further research is still needed to optimize CAR-NK cell therapy. Building better CAR-NK cells is important to improve the treatment efficacy and combination therapy offers a novel direction of NK-cell based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Mei Dou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxia Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ruixue Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
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245
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Rotolo R, Leuci V, Donini C, Cykowska A, Gammaitoni L, Medico G, Valabrega G, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112839. [PMID: 31212634 PMCID: PMC6600566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Chiara Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Anna Cykowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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246
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Abstract
CAR-T therapy has shown great success treating blood cancers, but drawbacks include high manufacturing costs and potentially fatal toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Li et al. (2018) describe how engineered iPSC-derived NK cells armed with NK-tailored CAR constructs (CAR-iPSC-NK cells) provide better options for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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247
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Chen M, Xu M, Zhu C, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhou F. Sirtuin2 enhances the tumoricidal function of liver natural killer cells in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:961-971. [PMID: 30955067 PMCID: PMC11028107 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer in the world. Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity is crucial for tumor surveillance and therapy. Characterization of the regulatory mechanisms of NK cell function is important for developing novel immunotherapies against HCC. In this study, we used a chemical-induced mouse HCC model to identify the upregulation of Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) in liver NK cells. In particular, SIRT2 was predominantly expressed in liver CD94+ NK cells. The HCC liver microenvironment induced SIRT2 expression in NK cells. In addition, overexpression of exogenous SIRT2 significantly upregulated the production of cytokines and cytotoxic mediators in activated NK cells. Consistently, SIRT2-overexpressing NK cells showed a stronger tumoricidal effect on hepatoma cells. Moreover, SIRT2 remarkably promoted the phosphorylation of Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in activated NK cells. SIRT2 knockdown in liver CD94+ NK cells impaired their cytotoxic effect on hepatoma cells. Our study indicates that SIRT2 enhances the tumoricidal activity of liver NK cells in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA Interference
- Sirtuin 2/genetics
- Sirtuin 2/immunology
- Sirtuin 2/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/immunology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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248
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Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S. Immune cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:52. [PMID: 31142330 PMCID: PMC6542133 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in clinical settings, the host immune system plays an important role in the recognition and targeting of tumor cells in cancer immunotherapy. As a result, there have been numerous advancements in immune cell therapy using human immune cells. However, recent evidence suggests that one type of immunotherapy alone is not effective for the treatment of cancer, particularly solid tumors. Thus, effective immunotherapy combinations, such as the combination of checkpoint inhibitors and immune cell therapy, are needed. This review focuses on hepatocellular carcinoma among other solid tumors and discusses the current status and future of immune cell therapy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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249
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Yang HG, Kang MC, Kim TY, Hwang I, Jin HT, Sung YC, Eom KS, Kim SW. Discovery of a novel natural killer cell line with distinct immunostimulatory and proliferative potential as an alternative platform for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:138. [PMID: 31126350 PMCID: PMC6534912 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human natural killer (NK) cell lines serve as an attractive source for adoptive immunotherapy, but NK-92 remains the only cell line being assessed in the clinic. Here, we established a novel NK cell line, NK101, from a patient with extra-nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and examined its phenotypic, genomic and functional characteristics. METHODS Single cell suspensions from lymphoma tissue were expanded with anti-NKp46/anti-CD2-coated beads in the presence of IL-2. A continuously growing CD56+ cell clone was selected and designated as NK101. Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing were used to characterize phenotypic and genomic features of NK101. In vitro cytotoxicity and IFN-γ/TNF-α secretion were measured by flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, after direct co-culture with tumor cells. Immunomodulatory potential of NK101 was assessed in an indirect co-culture system using conditioned medium. Finally, in vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated in an immunocompetent, syngeneic 4T1 mammary tumor model. RESULTS NK101 displayed features of CD56dimCD62L+ intermediate stage NK subset with the potential to simultaneously act as a cytokine producer and a cytotoxic effector. Comparative analysis of NK101 and NK-92 revealed that NK101 expressed lower levels of perforin and granzyme B that correlated with weaker cytotoxicity, but produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α. Contrarily, NK-92 produced greater amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-10. Genome-wide analysis revealed that genes associated with positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation were overexpressed in NK101, while those with opposite function were highly enriched in NK-92. The consequence of such expressional and functional discrepancies was well-represented in (i) indirect co-culture system where conditioned medium derived from NK101 induced greater proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (ii) immunocompetent 4T1 tumor model where peritumoral injections of NK101 displayed stronger anti-tumor activities by inducing higher tumor-specific immune responses. In a manufacturing context, NK101 not only required shorter recovery time after thawing, but also exhibited faster growth profile than NK-92, yielding more than 200-fold higher cell numbers after 20-day culture. CONCLUSION NK101 is a unique NK cell line bearing strong immunostimulatory potential and substantial scalability, providing an attractive source for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gul Yang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Cheol Kang
- SL-BIGEN Inc., 700 Daewangpanyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- SL-BIGEN Inc., 700 Daewangpanyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Injung Hwang
- SL-BIGEN Inc., 700 Daewangpanyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Tak Jin
- SL-BIGEN Inc., 700 Daewangpanyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Seong Eom
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sae Won Kim
- SL-BIGEN Inc., 700 Daewangpanyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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250
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Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Zaghi E, Pesce S, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D. NK cells to cure cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101272. [PMID: 31085114 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes able to mediate immune-surveillance and clearance of viral infected and tumor-transformed cells. Growing experimental and clinical evidence highlighted a dual role of NK cells either in the control of cancer development/progression or in promoting the onset of immune-suppressant tumor microenvironments. Indeed, several mechanisms of NK cell-mediated tumor escape have been described and these includes cancer-induced aberrant expression of activating and inhibitory receptors (i.e. NK cell immune checkpoints), impairments of NK cell migration to tumor sites and altered NK cell effector-functions. These phenomena highly contribute to tumor progression and metastasis formation. In this review, we discuss the latest insights on those NK cell receptors and related molecules that are currently being implemented in clinics either as possible prognostic factors or therapeutic targets to unleash NK cell anti-tumor effector-functions in vivo. Moreover, we address here the major recent advances in regard to the genetic modification and ex vivo expansion of anti-tumor specific NK cells used in innovative adoptive cellular transfer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy.
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