201
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Tong Y, Park S, Wu D, Harris TE, Moskaluk CA, Brautigan DL, Fu Z. Modulation of GSK3β autoinhibition by Thr-7 and Thr-8. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:537-546. [PMID: 29377106 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a pivotal signaling node that regulates a myriad of cellular functions and is deregulated in many pathological conditions, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Inhibitory Ser-9 phosphorylation of GSK3β by AKT is an important mechanism for negative regulation of GSK3β activity upon insulin stimulation. Here, we report that Thr-7 and Thr-8 residues located in the AKT/PKB substrate consensus sequence on GSK3β are essential for insulin-stimulated Ser-9 phosphorylation in vivo and for GSK3β inactivation. Intestinal cell kinase (ICK) phosphorylates GSK3β Thr-7 in vitro and in vivo. Thr-8 phosphorylation partially inhibits GSK3β, but Thr-7 phosphorylation promotes GSK3β activity and blocks phospho-Ser-9-dependent GSK3β autoinhibition. Our findings uncover novel mechanistic and signaling inputs involved in the autoinhibition of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - David L Brautigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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202
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Scuderi C, Bronzuoli MR, Facchinetti R, Pace L, Ferraro L, Broad KD, Serviddio G, Bellanti F, Palombelli G, Carpinelli G, Canese R, Gaetani S, Steardo L, Steardo L, Cassano T. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide rescues learning and memory impairments in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:32. [PMID: 29382825 PMCID: PMC5802581 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In an aging society, Alzheimer's disease (AD) exerts an increasingly serious health and economic burden. Current treatments provide inadequate symptomatic relief as several distinct pathological processes are thought to underlie the decline of cognitive and neural function seen in AD. This suggests that the efficacy of treatment requires a multitargeted approach. In this context, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) provides a novel potential adjunct therapy that can be incorporated into a multitargeted treatment strategy. We used young (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) 3×Tg-AD mice that received ultramicronized PEA (um-PEA) for 3 months via a subcutaneous delivery system. Mice were tested with a range of cognitive and noncognitive tasks, scanned with magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI/MRS), and neurochemical release was assessed by microdialysis. Potential neuropathological mechanisms were assessed postmortem by western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. Our data demonstrate that um-PEA improves learning and memory, and ameliorates both the depressive and anhedonia-like phenotype of 3×Tg-AD mice. Moreover, it reduces Aβ formation, the phosphorylation of tau proteins, and promotes neuronal survival in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Finally, um-PEA normalizes astrocytic function, rebalances glutamatergic transmission, and restrains neuroinflammation. The efficacy of um-PEA is particularly potent in younger mice, suggesting its potential as an early treatment. These data demonstrate that um-PEA is a novel and effective promising treatment for AD with the potential to be integrated into a multitargeted treatment strategy in combination with other drugs. Um-PEA is already registered for human use. This, in combination with our data, suggests the potential to rapidly proceed to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosanna Bronzuoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Facchinetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kevin Donald Broad
- UCL Institute of Opthalmology, University College, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Palombelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Carpinelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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203
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Wallace AS, Supnick HT, Bunaciu RP, Yen A. RRD-251 enhances all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46401-46418. [PMID: 27331409 PMCID: PMC5216806 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is known to induce terminal granulocytic differentiation and cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells. Responding to an RA-induced cytosolic signaling machine, c-Raf translocates to the nucleus, providing propulsion for RA-induced differentiation. This novel mechanism is not understood, but presumably reflects c-Raf binding with nuclear gene regulatory proteins. RRD-251 is a small molecule that prevents the interaction of c-Raf and RB, the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. The involvement of c-Raf and RB in RA-induced differentiation motivates interest in the effects of combined RA and RRD-251 treatment on leukemic cell differentiation. We demonstrate that RRD-251 enhances RA-induced differentiation. Mechanistically, we find that nuclear translocated c-Raf associates with pS608 RB. RA causes loss of pS608 RB, where cells with hypophosphorylated S608 RB are G0/G1 restricted. Corroborating the pS608 RB hypophosphorylation, RB sequestration of E2F increased with concomitant loss of cdc6 expression, which is known to be driven by E2F. Hypophosphorylation of S608 RB releases c-Raf from RB sequestration to bind other nuclear targets. Release of c-Raf from RB sequestration results in enhanced association with GSK-3 which is phosphorylated at its S21/9 inhibitory sites. c-Raf binding to GSK-3 is associated with dissociation of GSK-3 and RARα, thereby relieving RARα of GSK-3 inhibition. RRD-251 amplifies each of these RA-induced events. Consistent with the posited enhancement of RARα transcriptional activity by RRD-251, RRD-251 increases the RARE-driven CD38 expression per cell. The RA/c-Raf/GSK-3/RARα axis emerges as a novel differentiation regulatory mechanism susceptible to RRD-251, suggesting enhancing RA-effects with RRD-251 in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Harrison T Supnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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204
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Lacal Romero J, Shen Z, Baumgardner K, Wei J, Briggs SP, Firtel RA. The Dictyostelium GSK3 kinase GlkA coordinates signal relay and chemotaxis in response to growth conditions. Dev Biol 2018; 435:56-72. [PMID: 29355521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GSK3 plays a central role in orchestrating key biological signaling pathways, including cell migration. Here, we identify GlkA as a GSK3 family kinase with functions that overlap with and are distinct from those of GskA. We show that GlkA, as previously shown for GskA, regulates the cell's cytoskeleton through MyoII assembly and control of Ras and Rap1 function, leading to aberrant cell migration. However, there are both qualitative and quantitative differences in the regulation of Ras and Rap1 and their downstream effectors, including PKB, PKBR1, and PI3K, with glkA- cells exhibiting a more severe chemotaxis phenotype than gskA- cells. Unexpectedly, the severe glkA- phenotypes, but not those of gskA-, are only exhibited when cells are grown attached to a substratum but not in suspension, suggesting that GlkA functions as a key kinase of cell attachment signaling. Using proteomic iTRAQ analysis we show that there are quantitative differences in the pattern of protein expression depending on the growth conditions in wild-type cells. We find that GlkA expression affects the cell's proteome during vegetative growth and development, with many of these changes depending on whether the cells are grown attached to a substratum or in suspension. These changes include key cytoskeletal and signaling proteins known to be essential for proper chemotaxis and signal relay during the aggregation stage of Dictyostelium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Lacal Romero
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Kimberly Baumgardner
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- JadeBio, Inc., 505 Coast Boulevard South Suite 206, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven P Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Richard A Firtel
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA.
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205
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Yang Y, Li Z, Chen G, Li J, Li H, Yu M, Zhang W, Guo W, Tian W. GSK3β regulates ameloblast differentiation via Wnt and TGF-β pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5322-5333. [PMID: 29215720 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways participate in regulating a variety of cell fates during organogenesis, including tooth development. Despite well-documented, the specific mechanisms, especially how these two pathways act coordinately in regulating enamel development, remain unknown. In this study, we identified Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), a negative regulator of Wnt signal pathway, participated in ameloblast differentiation via Wnt and TGF-β pathways during enamel development. In vitro rat mandible culture treated with specific GSK3β inhibitor SB415286 displayed enamel defects, accompanied by disrupted ameloblasts polarization, while odontoblasts and dentin appeared to be unaffected. Moreover, after GSK3β knockdown by lentivirus-mediated RNA silencing, HAT-7 cells displayed abnormal cell polarity and cell adhesion, and failed to synthesize appreciable amounts of ameloblast-specific proteins. More importantly, inactivation of GSK3β caused upregulated Wnt and downregulated TGF-β pathway, while reactivation of TGF-β signaling or suppression of Wnt signaling partially rescued the differentiation defects of ameloblasts caused by the GSK3β knock-down. Taken together, these results suggested that GSK3β was essential for ameloblasts differentiation, which might be indirectly mediated through Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lanzhou Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Lanzhou Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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206
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Nguyen T, Fan T, George SR, Perreault ML. Disparate Effects of Lithium and a GSK-3 Inhibitor on Neuronal Oscillatory Activity in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29375364 PMCID: PMC5770585 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays a critical role in cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the mechanism by which GSK-3 alters cognitive processes in other disorders, such as schizophrenia, remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated a role for GSK-3 in the direct regulation of neuronal oscillations in hippocampus (HIP) and prelimbic cortex (PL). A comparison of the GSK-3 inhibitors SB 216763 and lithium demonstrated disparate effects of the drugs on spatial memory and neural oscillatory activity in HIP and PL. SB 216763 administration improved spatial memory whereas lithium treatment had no effect. Analysis of neuronal local field potentials in anesthetized animals revealed that whereas both repeated SB 216763 (2.5 mg/kg) and lithium (100 mg/kg) induced a theta frequency spike in HIP at approximately 10 Hz, only SB 216763 treatment induced an overall increase in theta power (4–12 Hz) compared to vehicle. Acute administration of either drug suppressed slow (32–59 Hz) and fast (61–100 Hz) gamma power. In PL, both drugs induced an increase in theta power. Repeated SB 216763 increased HIP–PL coherence across all frequencies except delta, whereas lithium selectively suppressed delta coherence. These findings demonstrate that GSK-3 plays a direct role in the regulation of theta oscillations in regions critically involved in cognition, and highlight a potential mechanism by which GSK-3 may contribute to cognitive decline in disorders of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theresa Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan R George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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207
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Hromadkova L, Kupcik R, Vajrychova M, Prikryl P, Charvatova A, Jankovicova B, Ripova D, Bilkova Z, Slovakova M. Kinase-loaded magnetic beads for sequentialin vitrophosphorylation of peptides and proteins. Analyst 2018; 143:466-474. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinases ERK2 and GSK-3β loaded magnetic beads for sequentialin vitrophosphorylation of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hromadkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Kupcik
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Center
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove
- Hradec Kralove 500 05
- Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology
| | - Petr Prikryl
- Institute of Pathological Physiology
- First Faculty of Medicine
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague 128 53
- Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Charvatova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jankovicova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ripova
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Klecany 250 67
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Slovakova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 532 10
- Czech Republic
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208
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Yin X, Chen C, Xu T, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside modulates amyloid precursor protein processing via activation of AKT-GSK3β pathway in cells and in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:672-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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209
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Yang Z, Liu H, Pan B, He F, Pan Z. Design and synthesis of (aza)indolyl maleimide-based covalent inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4127-4140. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of both non-covalent interactions and reactive groups led to azaindolyl maleimide compound 38b as a selective and covalent inhibitor against GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Xili University Town
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Xili University Town
| | - Botao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Xili University Town
| | - Fengli He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Xili University Town
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Xili University Town
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210
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Culbreth M, Aschner M. GSK-3β, a double-edged sword in Nrf2 regulation: Implications for neurological dysfunction and disease. F1000Res 2018; 7:1043. [PMID: 30079246 PMCID: PMC6053695 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15239.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, it has become evident that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) modulates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) oxidative stress response. GSK-3β functions as an inhibitor, both directly in the activation and indirectly in the post-induction of Nrf2. The incidence of oxidative stress in neurological dysfunction and disease has made this signaling pathway an attractive therapeutic target. There is minimal evidence, however, to support a distinctive function for GSK-3β mediated Nrf2 inhibition in nervous system decline, apart from the typical oxidative stress response. In both Alzheimer's disease and brain ischemia, this pathway has been explored for potential benefits on disease etiology and advancement. Presently, it is unclear whether GSK-3β mediated Nrf2 inhibition markedly influences these disease states. Furthermore, the potential that each has unique function in neurodegenerative decline is unsubstantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Culbreth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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211
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Mei Y, Yang X, Huang C, Zhang X, Zhou X. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus-encoded C4 induces cell division through enhancing stability of Cyclin D 1.1 via impairing NbSKη -mediated phosphorylation in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006789. [PMID: 29293689 PMCID: PMC5766254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses induce severe developmental abnormalities in plants. Geminivirus-encoded C4 protein functions as one of viral symptom determinants that could induce abnormal cell division. However, the molecular mechanism by which C4 contributes to cell division induction remains unclear. Here we report that tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 interacts with a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinase, designed NbSKη, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Pro32, Asn34 and Thr35 of TLCYnV C4 are critical for its interaction with NbSKη and required for C4-induced typical symptoms. Interestingly, TLCYnV C4 directs NbSKη to the membrane and reduces the nuclear-accumulation of NbSKη. The relocalization of NbSKη impairs phosphorylation dependent degradation on its substrate-Cyclin D1.1 (NbCycD1;1), thereby increasing the accumulation level of NbCycD1;1 and inducing the cell division. Moreover, NbSKη-RNAi, 35S::NbCycD1;1 transgenic N. benthamiana plants have the similar phenotype as 35S::C4 transgenic N. benthamiana plants on callus-like tissue formation resulted from abnormal cell division induction. Thus, this study provides new insights into mechanism of how a viral protein hijacks NbSKη to induce abnormal cell division in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Xiuren Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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212
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Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Sato H, Shinozaki K. Regulatory Gene Networks in Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:189-214. [PMID: 30288711 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought stress have been analyzed extensively to reveal complex regulatory gene networks, including the detection of water deficit signals, as well as the physiological, cellular, and molecular responses. Plants recognize water deficit conditions at their roots and transmit this signal to their shoots to synthesize abscisic acid (ABA) in their leaves. ABA is a key phytohormone that regulates physiological and molecular responses to drought stress, such as stomatal closure, gene expression, and the accumulation of osmoprotectants and stress proteins. ABA transporters function as the first step for propagating synthesized ABA. To prevent water loss, ABA influx in guard cells is detected by several protein kinases, such as SnRK2s and MAPKs that regulate stomatal closure. ABA mediates a wide variety of gene expression machineries with stress-responsive transcription factors, including DREBs and AREBs, to acquire drought stress resistance in whole tissues. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances in drought stress signaling, focusing on gene networks in cellular and intercellular stress responses and drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sato
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
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213
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Choi H, Koh SH. Understanding the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 14:83-90. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1417387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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214
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Neuroplasticity and second messenger pathways in antidepressant efficacy: pharmacogenetic results from a prospective trial investigating treatment resistance. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:723-735. [PMID: 28260126 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genes belonging to neuroplasticity, monoamine, circadian rhythm, and transcription factor pathways were investigated as modulators of antidepressant efficacy. The present study aimed (1) to replicate previous findings in an independent sample with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and (2) to perform a pathway analysis to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved. 220 patients with major depressive disorder who were non-responders to a previous antidepressant were treated with venlafaxine for 4-6 weeks and in case of non-response with escitalopram for 4-6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. The phenotypes were response and remission to venlafaxine, non-response (TRDA) and non-remission (TRDB) to neither venlafaxine nor escitalopram. 50 tag SNPs in 14 genes belonging to the pathways of interest were tested for association with phenotypes. Molecular pathways (KEGG database) that included one or more of the genes associated with the phenotypes were investigated also in the STAR*D sample. The associations between ZNF804A rs7603001 and response, CREB1 rs2254137 and remission were replicated, as well as CHL1 rs2133402 and lower risk of TRD. Other CHL1 SNPs were potential predictors of TRD (rs1516340, rs2272522, rs1516338, rs2133402). The MAPK1 rs6928 SNP was consistently associated with all the phenotypes. The protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway (hsa04141) was the best pathway that may explain the mechanisms of MAPK1 involvement in antidepressant response. Signals in genes previously associated with antidepressant efficacy were confirmed for CREB1, ZNF804A and CHL1. These genes play pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, neural activity and connectivity.
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215
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Anzovino A, Chiang S, Brown BE, Hawkins CL, Richardson DR, Huang MLH. Molecular Alterations in a Mouse Cardiac Model of Friedreich Ataxia: An Impaired Nrf2 Response Mediated via Upregulation of Keap1 and Activation of the Gsk3β Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2858-2875. [PMID: 28935570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the antioxidant response. However, studies in models of Friedreich ataxia, a neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease associated with oxidative stress, reported decreased Nrf2 expression attributable to unknown mechanisms. Using a mouse conditional frataxin knockout (KO) model in the heart and skeletal muscle, we examined the Nrf2 pathway in these tissues. Frataxin KO results in fatal cardiomyopathy, whereas skeletal muscle was asymptomatic. In the KO heart, protein oxidation and a decreased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio were observed, but the opposite was found in skeletal muscle. Decreased total and nuclear Nrf2 and increased levels of its inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, were evident in the KO heart, but not in skeletal muscle. Moreover, a mechanism involving activation of the nuclear Nrf2 export/degradation machinery via glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β) signaling was demonstrated in the KO heart. This process involved the following: i) increased Gsk3β activation, ii) β-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase nuclear accumulation, and iii) Fyn phosphorylation. A corresponding decrease in Nrf2-DNA-binding activity and a general decrease in Nrf2-target mRNA were observed in KO hearts. Paradoxically, protein levels of some Nrf2 antioxidant targets were significantly increased in KO mice. Collectively, cardiac frataxin deficiency reduces Nrf2 levels via two potential mechanisms: increased levels of cytosolic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and activation of Gsk3β signaling, which decreases nuclear Nrf2. These findings are in contrast to the frataxin-deficient skeletal muscle, where Nrf2 was not decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Anzovino
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn E Brown
- Inflammation Group, Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Inflammation Group, Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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216
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Jakobsson E, Argüello-Miranda O, Chiu SW, Fazal Z, Kruczek J, Nunez-Corrales S, Pandit S, Pritchet L. Towards a Unified Understanding of Lithium Action in Basic Biology and its Significance for Applied Biology. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:587-604. [PMID: 29127487 PMCID: PMC5696506 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium has literally been everywhere forever, since it is one of the three elements created in the Big Bang. Lithium concentration in rocks, soil, and fresh water is highly variable from place to place, and has varied widely in specific regions over evolutionary and geologic time. The biological effects of lithium are many and varied. Based on experiments in which animals are deprived of lithium, lithium is an essential nutrient. At the other extreme, at lithium ingestion sufficient to raise blood concentration significantly over 1 mM/, lithium is acutely toxic. There is no consensus regarding optimum levels of lithium intake for populations or individuals-with the single exception that lithium is a generally accepted first-line therapy for bipolar disorder, and specific dosage guidelines for sufferers of that condition are generally agreed on. Epidemiological evidence correlating various markers of social dysfunction and disease vs. lithium level in drinking water suggest benefits of moderately elevated lithium compared to average levels of lithium intake. In contrast to other biologically significant ions, lithium is unusual in not having its concentration in fluids of multicellular animals closely regulated. For hydrogen ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions, and magnesium ions, blood and extracellular fluid concentrations are closely and necessarily regulated by systems of highly selective channels, and primary and secondary active transporters. Lithium, while having strong biological activity, is tolerated over body fluid concentrations ranging over many orders of magnitude. The lack of biological regulation of lithium appears due to lack of lithium-specific binding sites and selectivity filters. Rather lithium exerts its myriad physiological and biochemical effects by competing for macromolecular sites that are relatively specific for other cations, most especially for sodium and magnesium. This review will consider what is known about the nature of this competition and suggest using and extending this knowledge towards the goal of a unified understanding of lithium in biology and the application of that understanding in medicine and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jakobsson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | | | - See-Wing Chiu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - James Kruczek
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Santiago Nunez-Corrales
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sagar Pandit
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laura Pritchet
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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217
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Neuroprotection by aripiprazole against β-amyloid-induced toxicity by P-CK2α activation via inhibition of GSK-3β. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110380-110391. [PMID: 29299155 PMCID: PMC5746390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is reported over 30% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinics. Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug with partial agonist activity at the D2 dopamine and 5-HT1A receptors with low side-effect profile. We identified aripiprazole is able to overcome the amyloid-β (Aβ)-evoked neurotoxicity and then increase the cell viability. This study elucidated the mechanism(s) by which aripiprazole ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced decreased neurite outgrowth and viability in neuronal cells. Pretreatment with aripiprazole increased Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expressions in N2a cells. Additionally, phosphorylated casein kinase 2α at Y 255 (P-CK2α) was increased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Furthermore, Aβ1-42-induced decreased BDNF and P-CK2α expression were increased over control level by aripiprazole. Subsequently, Aβ1-42-induced decreased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase-3β at Ser9 (P-GSK-3β) and nuclear P-β-catenin (Ser675) were elevated by aripiprazole, which were inhibited by K252A (inhibitor of BDNF receptor) and tetrabromocinnamic acid (TBCA, CK2 inhibitor), indicating that BDNF and P-CK2α activation are implicated in the aripiprazole effects. Expressions of cyclin D1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA were increased by aripiprazole; even in the presence of Aβ1-42, which was blocked by K252A and TBCA. In CK2α gene-silenced N2a cells, aripiprazole failed to increase P-GSK-3β and P-β-catenin expressions. Consequently, aripiprazole ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced attenuation of neurite elongation in HT22 cells, and this effect was blocked by both TBCA and imatinib. Decreased viability induced by Aβ1-42 was recovered by aripiprazole. These findings provide evidence supporting that aripiprazole can provide an effective therapeutic strategy against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD-associated psychosis.
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218
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Figlewicz DP, Jay J, West CH, Zavosh A, Hampe CS, Radtke JR, Raskind MA, Peskind ER. Effect of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on sucrose motivation and hypothalamic and striatal cell signals in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R191-R200. [PMID: 29092861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00340.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that motivation for sucrose is increased in rats fed a moderate (31%) mixed-fat diet for 4-6 wk. In this study, rats were fed diets containing 32% stearic (STEAR) or palmitic (PALM) acid, and behavior, metabolic profile, and cell signals were compared with those of rats fed a matched low-fat diet (LF; 11% fat) diet. Rats fed STEAR or PALM increased sucrose motivation relative to LF rats (one-way ANOVA for lever presses; P = 0.03). Diet did not change fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, intravenous glucose tolerance test glucose profile, percent body fat, or total kilocalories, although kilocalories as fat were increased (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Cell signals were assessed in rats ranked from high to low sucrose motivation. Diet did not alter Thr and Ser phosphorylation of Akt in the medial hypothalamus (HYP) and striatum (STR). However, Ser phosphorylation of GSK3Β was decreased in HYP and STR from both high- and low-performer tertiles of STEAR and PALM rats (ANOVA within each brain region, P < 0.05). Two histone 3 (H3) modifications were also assessed. Although there was no effect of diet on the transcription-repressive H3 modification, H3K27me3, the transcription-permissive H3 modification, H3K4me3, was significantly decreased in the HYP of high performers fed PALM or STEAR (ANOVA, P = 0.013). There was no effect of diet on H3K4me3 levels in HYP of low performers, or in STR. Our findings suggest signal-specific and brain region-specific effects of PALM or STEAR diets and may link downstream signaling effects of GSK3Β activity and H3 modifications with enhanced motivational behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne P Figlewicz
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Jay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Constance H West
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aryana Zavosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Christiane S Hampe
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jared R Radtke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Murray A Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington.,Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington.,Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
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219
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Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway Altered by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β Inhibitor Influences the Net Drug Effect on NSC-34 Motor Neuron-Like Cell Survival. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4163839. [PMID: 29082245 PMCID: PMC5610847 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4163839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors have been suggested as a core regulator of apoptosis and have been investigated as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, GSK-3β has an interesting paradoxical effect of being proapoptotic during mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptosis but antiapoptotic during death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis. We assessed the effect of low to high doses of a GSK-3β inhibitor on survival and apoptosis of the NSC-34 motor neuron-like cell line after serum withdrawal. Then, we identified changes in extrinsic apoptosis markers, including Fas, Fas ligand, cleaved caspase-8, p38α, and the Fas-Daxx interaction. The GSK-3β inhibitor had an antiapoptotic effect at the low dose but was proapoptotic at the high dose. Proapoptotic effect at the high dose can be explained by increased signals in cleaved caspase-8 and the motor neuron-specific p38α and Fas-Daxx interaction. Our results suggest that GSK-3β inhibitor dose may determine the summation effect of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway might be another therapeutic target for developing a potential GSK-3β inhibitor.
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220
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Liu W, Yang Z, Sun Q, Yang X, Hu Y, Xie H, Gao H, Guo L, Yi J, Liu M, Tang H. miR‐377‐3p drives malignancy characteristics via upregulating GSK‐3β expression and activating NF‐κB pathway in hCRC cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2124-2134. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ying Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhen Yang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xi Yang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Hu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hong Xie
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hui‐Jie Gao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Li‐Ming Guo
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jian‐Ying Yi
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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221
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Cao Q, Karthikeyan A, Dheen ST, Kaur C, Ling EA. Production of proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia is synergistically regulated by Notch-1, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) and NF-κB/p65 signalling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186764. [PMID: 29049420 PMCID: PMC5648239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation and associated inflammatory response are involved in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. We have reported that Notch-1 and NF-κB/p65 signalling pathways operate in synergy in regulating the production of proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia. In the latter, there is also evidence by others that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) mediates the release of proinflammatory cytokines but the interrelationships between the three signalling pathways have not been fully clarified. This is an important issue as activated microglia are potential therapeutic target for amelioration of microglia mediated neuroinflammation. Here we show that blocking of Notch-1 with N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl) acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT) in LPS activated BV-2 microglia not only suppressed Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes-1 protein expression, but also that of GSK-3β. Conversely, blocking of the latter with lithium chloride (LiCl) decreased NICD expression in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, Hes-1 immunofluorescence was attenuated. Along with this, the protein expression level of p-GSK-3β and p-AKT protein expression was significantly increased. Furthermore, DAPT and LiCl decreased production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, Cox2 and MCP-1; however, IL-10 expression was increased notably in LiCl treated cells. The effects of DAPT and LiCl on changes of the above-mentioned biomarkers were confirmed by immunofluorescence in both BV-2 and primary microglia. Additionally, NF-κB/p65 immunofluorescence was attenuated by DAPT and LiCl; as opposed to this, IκBα protein expression was increased. Taken together, it is suggested that Notch-1, NF-κB/p65 and GSK-3β operate in synergy to inhibit microglia activation. This may be effected via increased expression of phospho-GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), phospho-protein kinase B (PKB) (p-AKT) and IκBα. It is concluded that the three signalling pathways are functionally interlinked in regulating microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aparna Karthikeyan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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222
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Zhang MQ, Li R, Wang YQ, Huang ZL. Neural Plasticity Is Involved in Physiological Sleep, Depressive Sleep Disturbances, and Antidepressant Treatments. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5870735. [PMID: 29181202 PMCID: PMC5664320 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5870735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, which is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood and anhedonia, greatly impacts patients, their families, and society. The associated and recurring sleep disturbances further reduce patient's quality of life. However, therapeutic sleep deprivation has been regarded as a rapid and robust antidepressant treatment for several decades, which suggests a complicated role of sleep in development of depression. Changes in neural plasticity are observed during physiological sleep, therapeutic sleep deprivation, and depression. This correlation might help us to understand better the mechanism underlying development of depression and the role of sleep. In this review, we first introduce the structure of sleep and the facilitated neural plasticity caused by physiological sleep. Then, we introduce sleep disturbances and changes in plasticity in patients with depression. Finally, the effects and mechanisms of antidepressants and therapeutic sleep deprivation on neural plasticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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223
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Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, Ateş PS, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E. Bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exert divergent effects on apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in zebrafish embryos: A possible mechanism of endocrine disrupting chemical action. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:901-910. [PMID: 28992791 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717733598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) are the most commonly used plastics in water bottles. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in PET plastics, and bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce PC. Both DEHP and BPA are known for their potential endocrine disrupting effects. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has important roles in cell proliferation, cell specification and cell fate determination during embryonic development. Recent reports suggest a link between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptosis in the case of BPA and DEHP exposure in zebrafish embryos. Accordingly, in vivo cell death was assessed using acridine orange staining, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expressions of wnt3a, gsk3β and ccnd1. Proliferative cell nuclear antigen, β-catenin and Wnt3a expressions were determined immunohistochemically. Vitellogenin levels were determined using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Increased vitellogenin levels, apoptosis, and wnt3a and gsk3β expressions were observed in BPA-exposed zebrafish embryos. Increased apoptosis in the BPA-exposed embryos may be due to the pro-apoptotic changes induced by Wnt3a, whereas DEHP might be suggested to have a minor effect as Wnt3a expression; vitellogenin levels and apoptosis did not increase significantly following exposure to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan Seda Ateş
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xu H, Li J, Wang Z, Feng M, Shen Y, Cao S, Li T, Peng Y, Fan L, Chen J, Gu C, Yan F, Wang L, Chen G. Methylene blue attenuates neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through the Akt/GSK-3β/MEF2D signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:125-139. [PMID: 28457811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious medical problem with few effective pharmacotherapies available, and neuroinflammation has been identified as an important pathological process in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Methylene blue (MB) is an older drug that has been recently proven to exert extraordinary neuroprotective effects in several brain insults. However, no study has reported the beneficial effects of MB in SAH. In the current investigation, we studied the neuroprotective effects of MB in EBI after SAH and focused on its anti-inflammatory role. A total of 303 rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation process to produce an SAH model. We found that MB could significantly ameliorate brain edema secondary to BBB disruption and alleviate neurological dysfunction after SAH. MB administration also promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, leading to an increased concentration of MEF2D in the nucleus. The cytokine IL-10 was up-regulated, and IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated after MB administration. MB administration could also alleviate neutrophil infiltration and microglia activation after SAH. MK2206, a selective inhibitor of Akt, abolished the neuroprotective effects of MB, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and prevented the nuclear localization of MEF2D. MK2206 also reduced the expression of IL-10 and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, these data suggested that MB could ameliorate neuroinflammatory responses after SAH, and its anti-inflammatory effects might be exerted via activation of the Akt/GSK-3β/MEF2D pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Majing Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Changxing People's Hospital, Taihuzhong Road 66th, Changxin, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Yongfeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Huansha Road 261st, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Linfeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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225
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Interactions between TGF-β1, canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ in radiation-induced fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90579-90604. [PMID: 29163854 PMCID: PMC5685775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy induces DNA damage and inflammation leading to fibrosis. Fibrosis can occur 4 to 12 months after radiation therapy. This process worsens with time and years. Radiation-induced fibrosis is characterized by fibroblasts proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of collagen, proteoglycans and extracellular matrix. Myofibroblasts are non-muscle cells that can contract and relax. Myofibroblasts evolve towards irreversible retraction during fibrosis process. In this review, we discussed the interplays between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) in regulating the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiation-induced fibrosis, and the potential role of PPAR γ agonists. Overexpression of TGF-β and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate fibroblasts accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation whereas PPAR γ expression decreases due to the opposite interplay of canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Both TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate each other through the Smad pathway and non-Smad pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ interact in an opposite manner. PPAR γ agonists decrease β-catenin levels through activation of inhibitors of the WNT pathway such as Smad7, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3 β) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). PPAR γ agonists also stimulate phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, which decreases both TGF-β1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. PPAR γ agonists by activating Smad7 decrease Smads pathway and then TGF-β signaling leading to decrease radiation-induced fibrosis. TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway promote radiation-induced fibrosis whereas PPAR γ agonists can prevent radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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226
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Kim Y, Kim J, Ahn M, Shin T. Lithium ameliorates rat spinal cord injury by suppressing glycogen synthase kinase-3β and activating heme oxygenase-1. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:207-213. [PMID: 29043099 PMCID: PMC5639175 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and related enzymes are associated with various forms of neuroinflammation, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Our aim was to evaluate whether lithium, a non-selective inhibitor of GSK-3β, ameliorated SCI progression, and also to analyze whether lithium affected the expression levels of two representative GSK-3β–associated molecules, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (a target gene of Nrf-2). Intraperitoneal lithium chloride (80 mg/kg/day for 3 days) significantly improved locomotor function at 8 days post-injury (DPI); this was maintained until 14 DPI (P<0.05). Western blotting showed significantly increased phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9), Nrf-2, and the Nrf-2 target HO-1 in the spinal cords of lithium-treated animals. Fewer neuropathological changes (e.g., hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue loss) were observed in the spinal cords of the lithium-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Microglial activation (evaluated by measuring the immunoreactivity of ionized calcium-binding protein-1) was also significantly reduced in the lithium-treated group. These findings suggest that GSK-3β becomes activated after SCI, and that a non-specific enzyme inhibitor, lithium, ameliorates rat SCI by increasing phosphorylation of GSK-3β and the associated molecules Nrf-2 and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,HAEMALGEUN Veterinary Medical Clinic, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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227
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Zhang L, Sun C, Jin Y, Gao K, Shi X, Qiu W, Ma C, Zhang L. Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3) Improves Amyloid-β Pathology, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:733-746. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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228
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. PPARγ agonists: Potential treatments for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Life Sci 2017; 188:123-130. [PMID: 28887057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characterizes the progression of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the deterioration in the central vision. Vascular inflammation, and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and aberrant endothelial cell migration, initiate defective blood vessel proliferation in exudative AMD. CNV formation is initiated by the interplay between inflammation, the hallmark of exudative AMD, and the activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway involves activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and then the Warburg effect to produce lactate. Lactate production generates VEGF expression and then participates to the initiation of CNV in exudative AMD. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in an opposite manner in several diseases. We focus this review on the interplay between PPARγ and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and the anti-inflammatory role of PPARγ in exudative AMD. In exudative AMD, PPARγ agonists downregulate inflammation and the WNT/β-catenin pathway. PPARγ agonists can appear as promising treatment against the initiation and the progression of CNV in exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI, Futuroscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France; CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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229
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. Lithium Chloride Increases COX-2 Expression and PGE2 Production in a Human Granulosa-Lutein SVOG Cell Line Via a GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2813-2825. [PMID: 28911173 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is widely prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorders and is associated with a higher incidence of reproductive adverse effects. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its derivative, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play regulatory roles in the human ovulatory process. Whether LiCl affects ovulation by regulating COX2 expression and PGE2 production in the human ovary is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LiCl on the expression of COX-2 and production of PGE2 in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect. Both immortalized and primary hGL cells were used as research models. Using dual inhibition approaches, our results show that LiCl initiates the hGL cellular action by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β [GSK-3β (phosphorylation of GSK-3β)] and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not by affecting protein kinase B or cAMP response element binding protein signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, but not ERK1/2, resulted in the stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, knockdown of either β-catenin or GSK-3β reversed the LiCl-induced upregulation of COX-2 expression. These results indicate that LiCl upregulates the expression of COX-2 and the subsequent production of PGE2 through the canonical GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in hGL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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231
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Kang SW, Kim SJ, Kim MS. Oxidative stress with tau hyperphosphorylation in memory impaired 1,2-diacetylbenzene-treated mice. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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232
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Kuo LC, Cheng LC, Lee CH, Lin CJ, Chen PY, Li LA. Estrogen and cigarette sidestream smoke particulate matter exhibit ERα-dependent tumor-promoting effects in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L477-L490. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and secondhand smoke are key risk factors for nonsmoking female lung cancer patients who frequently have lung adenocarcinoma and show tumor estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. We speculated that estrogen and secondhand smoke might cause harmful effects via ERα signaling. Our results showed that 17β-estradiol (E2), the primary form of endogenous estrogen, exacerbated proliferation, migration, and granzyme B resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells in an ERα-dependent manner. Cigarette sidestream smoke particulate matter (CSSP), the major component of secondhand smoke, could activate ERα activity dose dependently in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The estrogenic activity of CSSP was abolished by an ERα-selective antagonist. CSSP regulated the nuclear entry, phosphorylation, and turnover of ERα similarly to E2. Furthermore, CSSP enhanced E2-stimulated ERα activity and Ser118 phosphorylation even when ERα became saturated with E2. Activation of ERα by CSSP required GSK3β activity, but not involving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reactive oxygen species, calcium, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PI3K/Akt. Although CSSP possessed cytotoxicity, ERα-expressing cells grew and migrated faster than nonexpressing cells on recovery from CSSP exposure as observed in E2-pretreated cells. Knockdown of ERα by siRNA diminished E2- and CSSP-stimulated cell migration. Twenty-one genes, including SERPINB9, were identified to be upregulated by both E2 and CSSP via ERα. Increased SERPINB9 expression was accompanied with increased resistance to granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. This study demonstrates that estrogen has ERα-dependent tumor-promoting activity. CSSP acts like estrogen and shows a potential to enhance estrogen-induced ERα action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Cheng Kuo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Li-Chuan Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
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233
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Ramalingam M, Cheng MH, Kim SJ. Insulin suppresses MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by targeting integrins and syndecans in C6 astrocytes. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:550-559. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1369119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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234
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Developmental neurotoxicity of the hippocampus following in utero exposure to methylmercury: impairment in cell signaling. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:513-527. [PMID: 28821999 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed some hippocampal signaling cascades and behavioral impairments in 30-day-old rat pups prenatally exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Pregnant rats were exposed to 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg MeHg by gavage in alternated days from gestational day 5 until parturition. We found increased anxiety-like and decreased exploration behavior evaluated by open field test and deficit of both short- and long-term memories by novel object recognition task, respectively, in MeHg-treated pups. Downregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and activated/hypophosphorylated (Ser9) GSK3β in MeHg-treated pups could be upstream of hyperphosphorylated Tau (Ser396) destabilizing microtubules and contributing to neural dysfunction in the hippocampus of these rats. Hyperphosphorylated/activated p38MAPK and downregulated phosphoErk1/2 support a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade on MeHg neurotoxicity. Decreased receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) immunocontent supports the assumption that downregulated RAGE/Erk1/2 pathway could be involved in hypophosphorylated lysine/serine/proline (KSP) repeats on neurofilament subunits and disturbed axonal transport. Downregulated myelin basic protein (MBP), the major myelin protein, is compatible with dysmyelination and neurofilament hypophosphorylation. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels suggest reactive astrocytes, and active apoptotic pathways BAD/BCL-2, BAX/BCL-XL, and caspase 3 suggest cell death. Taken together, our findings get light on important signaling mechanisms that could underlie the behavioral deficits in 30-day-old pups prenatally exposed to MeHg.
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235
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Elucidating the functions of brain GSK3α: Possible synergy with GSK3β upregulation and reversal by antidepressant treatment in a mouse model of depressive-like behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:122-127. [PMID: 28803855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) has been linked to the mechanisms of stress, mood regulation, and the effects of antidepressants. The functions of the GSK3β isoform have been extensively investigated, but little is known about the α-isoform, although they may functionally related. In a recently established modified swim test with a third delayed swim exposure, brain GSK3β mRNA expression positively correlated with floating behaviour on the third test. A two-week-long pretreatment regime with imipramine (7.5mg/kg/day) or thiamine (200mg/kg/day), which is known to have antidepressant properties, reduced the GSK3β over-expression and decreased floating behaviour on Day 5. GSK3α mRNA levels were measured in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex on Days 1, 2 and 5. GSK3α expression was decreased in the prefrontal cortex on Day 2 and increased on Day 5. In this model, GSK3α mRNA changes were prevented by imipramine or thiamine treatment. There was a significant correlation between the expression of the two isoforms in the prefrontal cortex on Day 2 in untreated group. These results provide the first evidence for the potential involvement of GSK3α in depressive-like behaviours and as a target of anti-depressant therapy. Furthermore, the correlations suggest some cross-talk may exist between the two GSK3 isoforms.
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236
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Involvement of Insulin Signaling Disturbances in Bisphenol A-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Neurotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7497. [PMID: 28790390 PMCID: PMC5548741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a member of the environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs), has recently received increased attention because of its effects on brain insulin resistance. Available data have indicated that brain insulin resistance may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the associated mechanisms that underlie BPA-induced brain-related outcomes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified significant insulin signaling disturbances in the SH-SY5Y cell line that were mediated by BPA, including the inhibition of physiological p-IR Tyr1355 tyrosine, p-IRS1 tyrosine 896, p-AKT serine 473 and p-GSK3α/β serine 21/9 phosphorylation, as well as the enhancement of IRS1 Ser307 phosphorylation; these effects were clearly attenuated by insulin and rosiglitazone. Intriguingly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated pathological proteins, such as BACE-1, APP, β-CTF, α-CTF, Aβ 1–42 and phosphorylated tau proteins (S199, S396, T205, S214 and S404), were substantially increased after BPA exposure, and these effects were abrogated by insulin and rosiglitazone treatment; these findings underscore the specific roles of insulin signaling in BPA-mediated AD-like neurotoxicity. Thus, an understanding of the regulation of insulin signaling may provide novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for BPA-mediated AD-like neurotoxicity.
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237
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Reciprocal regulation of TLR2-mediated IFN-β production by SHP2 and Gsk3β. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6807. [PMID: 28754897 PMCID: PMC5533723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the innate immune response to bacterial lipopeptides and peptidoglycans by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms by which TLR2 signaling regulates type I interferon (IFN)-β production are poorly understood. Here, we identified Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) as a negative regulator of TLR2-induced IFN-β production. Pharmacological inhibition or reduced expression of SHP2 potentiated TLR2 agonist-mediated IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation, whereas overexpression of SHP2 impaired IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation. SHP2 physically associated with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β) in an agonist-dependent manner. Gsk3β positively regulates transcription of IFN-β following TLR2 stimulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SHP2. SHP2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of IRF-1 and IRF-8 at the IFN-β promoter. Remarkably, IRF-1 and IRF-8 are recruited to the IFN-β promoter in a SHP2 phosphatase activity-dependent manner. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which SHP2 and Gsk3β work together to modulate TLR2-mediated IFN-β production in macrophages.
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238
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Relat J, Pérez B, Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Badia A, Victòria Clos M. Huprine X Attenuates The Neurotoxicity Induced by Kainic Acid, Especially Brain Inflammation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:94-103. [PMID: 28724203 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huprine X (HX) is a synthetic anticholinesterasic compound that exerts a potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an agonist effect on cholinergic receptors, neuroprotective activity in different neurotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro and cognition enhancing effects in non-transgenic (C57BL/6) and transgenic (3xTg-AD, APPswe) mice. In this study, we assessed the ability of HX (0.8 mg/kg, 21 days) to prevent the damage induced by kainic acid (KA; 28 mg/kg) regarding apoptosis, glia reactivity and neurogenesis in mouse brain. KA administration significantly modified the levels of pAkt1, Bcl2, pGSK3β, p25/p35, increased the glial cell markers and reduced the neurogenesis process. We also observed that pre-treatment with HX significantly reduced the p25/p35 ratio and increased synaptophysin levels, which suggests a protective effect against apoptosis and an improvement of neuroplasticity. The increase in GFAP (88%) and Iba-1 (72%) induced by KA was totally prevented by HX pre-treatment, underlying a relevant anti-inflammatory action of the anticholinesterasic drug. Our findings highlight the potential of HX, in particular, and of AChEIs, in general, to treat a number of diseases that course with both cognitive deficits and chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Relat
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pelayo Camps
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Unit Associated to the CSIC), Faculty of Agriculture and Science of Food and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Unit Associated to the CSIC), Faculty of Agriculture and Science of Food and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Badia
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Victòria Clos
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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239
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Cockle JV, Brüning-Richardson A, Scott KJ, Thompson J, Kottke T, Morrison E, Ismail A, Carcaboso AM, Rose A, Selby P, Conner J, Picton S, Short S, Vile R, Melcher A, Ilett E. Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Inhibits Pediatric Brain Tumor Migration and Invasion. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2017; 5:75-86. [PMID: 28547002 PMCID: PMC5435599 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are invasive tumors with poor survival. Oncolytic virotherapy, initially devised as a direct cytotoxic treatment, is now also known to act via immune-mediated mechanisms. Here we investigate a previously unreported mechanism of action: the inhibition of migration and invasion in pediatric brain tumors. We evaluated the effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1716 (HSV1716) on the migration and invasion of pHGG and DIPG both in vitro using 2D (scratch assay, live cell imaging) and 3D (spheroid invasion in collagen) assays and in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft model of DIPG invasion. HSV1716 inhibited migration and invasion in pHGG and DIPG cell lines. pHGG cells demonstrated reduced velocity and changed morphology in the presence of virus. HSV1716 altered pHGG cytoskeletal dynamics by stabilizing microtubules, inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3, and preventing localized clustering of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) to the leading edge of cells. HSV1716 treatment also reduced tumor infiltration in a mouse orthotopic xenograft DIPG model. Our results demonstrate that HSV1716 targets the migration and invasion of pHGG and DIPG and indicates the potential of an oncolytic virus (OV) to be used as a novel anti-invasive treatment strategy for pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Cockle
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Yorkshire Regional Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | | | - Karen J. Scott
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ewan Morrison
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Azam Ismail
- Department of Pathology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Ailsa Rose
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Susan Picton
- Yorkshire Regional Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Susan Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard Vile
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alan Melcher
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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240
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Gowda C, Soliman M, Kapadia M, Ding Y, Payne K, Dovat S. Casein Kinase II (CK2), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Ikaros mediated regulation of leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017. [PMID: 28623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling networks that regulate cellular proliferation often involve complex interactions between several signaling pathways. In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. Both CK2 and GSK-3 are potential targets for anti-leukemia treatment. Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. More recent data demonstrate another mechanism through which CK2 promotes the PI3K pathway - via transcriptional regulation of PI3K pathway genes by the newly-discovered CK2-Ikaros axis. Together, these data suggest that the CK2 and GSK-3 pathways regulate AKT/PI3K signaling in leukemia via two complementary mechanisms: a) direct phosphorylation of PTEN and b) transcriptional regulation of PI3K-promoting genes. Functional interactions between CK2, Ikaros and GSK3 define a novel signaling network that regulates proliferation of leukemia cells. This regulatory network involves both direct posttranslational modifications (by CK and GSK-3) and transcriptional regulation (via CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Ikaros). This information provides a basis for the development of targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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241
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Yu W, Liu C, Li X, Yang F, Cheng L, Liu C, Song Y. Inositol hexaphosphate suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling cascade in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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242
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Herkel J, Schrader J, Erez N, Lohse AW, Cohen IR. Activation of the Akt-CREB signalling axis by a proline-rich heptapeptide confers resistance to stress-induced cell death and inflammation. Immunology 2017; 151:474-480. [PMID: 28419468 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell stress of various kinds can lead to the induction of cell death and a damaging inflammatory response. Hence, a goal of therapeutic cell-stress management is to develop agents that might effectively regulate undesirable cell death and inflammation. To that end, we developed a synthetic peptide of seven amino acids based on structural mimicry to a functional domain of p53, a key factor in the responses of cells to stressful stimuli. This heptapeptide, which we term Stressin-1, was found to inhibit both cell death and the secretion of inflammatory mediators by various cell types in response to different stressful agents in vitro. The combined anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of Stressin-1 were associated with a cellular signalling cascade that induced activation of Akt kinase and activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. These immediate signalling events led to the inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor-κB pathways 24 hr later. Unexpectedly, we found no evidence for a direct involvement of p53 in the effects produced by Stressin-1. Intraperitoneal administration of 100 μg of Stressin-1 to lethally irradiated mice significantly protected them from death. These findings show that activating the Akt-CREB axis with Stressin-1 can counteract some of the undesirable effects of various cell stresses. Stressin-1 may have clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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243
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Agostinelli C, Carloni S, Limarzi F, Righi S, Laginestra MA, Musuraca G, Fiorentino M, Napolitano R, Cuneo A, Vergara D, Zinzani PL, Sabattini E, Pileri SA, De Matteis S. The emerging role of GSK-3β in the pathobiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:72-80. [PMID: 28208230 DOI: 10.1111/his.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in glycogen metabolism, cell cycle progression, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, metabolism, survival and cellular senescence. Its main biological function is to inhibit β-catenin by sequestration and promotion of its proteasomal degradation in the Wnt canonical pathway; however, GSK-3β interacts with multiple signalling pathways, and aberrant expression of the enzyme was reported in many solid neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the biological relevance of GSK-3β in classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the functional status of GSK-3β enzyme in cHL by using antibodies raised against fixation-resistant epitopes of phospho Y216 GSK-3β (active form), phospho S9 GSK-3β (inactive form) and β-catenin protein. We first detected the pY216 GSK-3β active form of the enzyme in 100 of 100 (100%) of the cases, and in line with the latter expression profile, the β-catenin protein was found in only 12 of 100 (12%) of the samples. As reported previously in bladder cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, we showed an aberrant nuclear localization in the neoplastic clone of active pY216 GSK-3β in 78 of 100 (78%) of cHL cases. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the activation of GSK-3β in cHL resulting in inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signal cascade and the aberrant accumulation of its activated form in nuclei of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. These findings may be relevant for future clinical studies, identifying GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target for cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Agostinelli
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Limarzi
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Laginestra
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Musuraca
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Service, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S-Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, 'Giovanni Paolo II' Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Hemathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Professor Alma Mater Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.,Hematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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244
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Zhang J, Storey KB. Insect cold hardiness: the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in freeze avoiding larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:181-189. [PMID: 27880024 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana, use the freeze avoidance strategy of cold hardiness to survive the winter. Here we report that protein kinase-dependent signal transduction featuring mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades (extracellular signal regulated kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK pathways) and the Akt (also known as protein kinase B, or PKB) pathway could be integral parts of the development of cold hardiness by E. scudderiana. We used Luminex technology to assess the protein levels and phosphorylation status of key components and downstream targets of those pathways in larvae in response to low temperature acclimation. The data showed that MAPK pathways (both total protein and phosphorylated MAPK targets) were inhibited after 5°C acclimation, but not -15°C exposure, as compared with the 15°C control group. However, total heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) levels increased dramatically by ∼12-fold in the -15°C acclimated insects. Elevated HSP27 may facilitate anti-apoptotic mechanisms in an Akt-dependent fashion. By contrast, both 5 and -15°C acclimation produced signs of Akt pathway activation. In particular, the inhibitor phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3a (p-GSK3) levels remained high in cold-exposed larvae. Additionally, activation of the Akt pathway might also facilitate inhibition of apoptosis independently of GSK3. Overall, the current study indicates that both MAPK and Akt signal transduction may play essential roles in freeze avoidance by E. scudderiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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245
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Lymphocyte Phospho-Ser-9-GSK-3β/Total GSK-3β Protein Levels Ratio Is Not Affected by Chronic Lithium or Valproate Treatment in Euthymic Patients With Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 37:226-230. [PMID: 28106616 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibition by lithium has been well established in vitro, but proof that this biochemical effect mediates lithium's beneficial action in patients with bipolar disorder is lacking. We studied whether lymphocyte GSK-3β activity measured indirectly in lithium- or valproate (VPA)-treated euthymic patients with bipolar disorder is different from controls. METHODS Lymphocyte total and Ser-9-phospho-GSK-3β (inactive) levels were measured by Western blotting. Forty-seven patients with bipolar disorder and 32 age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. RESULTS No significant differences were found between lithium- and VPA-treated patients and controls in phospho-GSK-3β, total GSK-3β, or their ratio. CONCLUSIONS The data do not support the concept that in vivo, during chronic treatment of bipolar illness, GSK-3β is inhibited either by lithium or by VPA.
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246
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Ahn M, Kim J, Park C, Cho J, Jee Y, Jung K, Moon C, Shin T. Potential involvement of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in a rat model of multiple sclerosis: evidenced by lithium treatment. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:48-59. [PMID: 28417055 PMCID: PMC5386926 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β has been known as a pro-inflammatory molecule in neuroinflammation. The involvement of GSK-3β remains unsolved in acute monophasic rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential role of GSK-3β in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity through its inhibition by lithium. Lithium treatment significantly delayed the onset of EAE paralysis and ameliorated its severity. Lithium treatment reduced the serum level of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor a but not that of interleukin 10. Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) and its upstream factor Akt was significantly increased in the lithium-treated group. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that lithium treatment also suppressed the activation of ionized calcium binding protein-1-positive microglial cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in the spinal cords of lithium-treated EAE rats. These results demonstrate that lithium ameliorates clinical symptom of acute monophasic rat EAE, and GSK-3 is a target for the suppression of acute neuroinflammation as far as rat model of human CNS disease is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Changnam Park
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jinhee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Eco-friendly Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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247
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Chen BH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Shin BN, Lee YL, Kang IJ, Hong S, Kim YH, Jeon YH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Lee TK, Lee JC, Won MH, Cho JH, Moon JB. Transient Cerebral Ischemia Alters GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β Immunoreactivity in Pyramidal Neurons and Induces p-GSK-3β Expression in Astrocytes in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Area. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2305-2313. [PMID: 28349361 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a key downstream protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Phosphorylation of serine 9 of GSK-3β (GSK-3β activity inhibition) promotes cell survival. In this study, we examined changes in expressions of GSK-3β and phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. GSK-3β immunoreactivity in the CA1 area was increased in pyramidal cells at 6 h after ischemia-reperfusion. It was decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells from 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion, and hardly detected in the CA1 pyramidal cells at 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion. p-GSK-3β immunoreactivity was slightly decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells at 6 and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion. It was significantly increased in these cells at 1 and 2 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Five days after ischemia-reperfusion, p-GSK-3β immunoreactivity was hardly found in CA1 pyramidal cells. However, p-GSK-3β immunoreactivity was strongly expressed in astrocytes primarily distributed in strata oriens and radiatum. In conclusion, GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β were significantly changed in pyramidal cells and/or astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. This finding indicates that GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β are closely related to delayed neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24289, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Joong Bum Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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248
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ROS Production and ERK Activity Are Involved in the Effects of d-β-Hydroxybutyrate and Metformin in a Glucose Deficient Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030674. [PMID: 28335557 PMCID: PMC5372684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia, a complication of insulin or sulfonylurea therapy in diabetic patients, leads to brain damage. Furthermore, glucose replenishment following hypoglycemic coma induces neuronal cell death. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying glucose deficiency-induced cytotoxicity and the protective effect of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (D-BHB) using SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxic mechanism of metformin under glucose deficiency was also examined. Cell viability under 1 mM glucose (glucose deficiency) was significantly decreased which was accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase 3 (GSK3β). ROS inhibitor reversed the glucose deficiency-induced cytotoxicity and restored the reduced phosphorylation of ERK and GSK3β. While metformin did not alter cell viability in normal glucose media, it further increased cell death and ROS production under glucose deficiency. However, D-BHB reversed cytotoxicity, ROS production, and the decrease in phosphorylation of ERK and GSK3β induced by the glucose deficiency. ERK inhibitor reversed the D-BHB-induced increase in cell viability under glucose deficiency, whereas GSK3β inhibitor did not restore glucose deficiency-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, the protective effect of D-BHB against glucose deficiency was confirmed in primary neuronal cells. We demonstrate that glucose deficiency-induced cytotoxicity is mediated by ERK inhibition through ROS production, which is attenuated by D-BHB and intensified by metformin.
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Fletcher CE, Godfrey JD, Shibakawa A, Bushell M, Bevan CL. A novel role for GSK3β as a modulator of Drosha microprocessor activity and MicroRNA biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2809-2828. [PMID: 27907888 PMCID: PMC5389555 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microRNA (miR) biogenesis is complex and stringently controlled. Here, we identify the kinase GSK3β as an important modulator of miR biogenesis at Microprocessor level. Repression of GSK3β activity reduces Drosha activity toward pri-miRs, leading to accumulation of unprocessed pri-miRs and reduction of pre-miRs and mature miRs without altering levels or cellular localisation of miR biogenesis proteins. Conversely, GSK3β activation increases Drosha activity and mature miR accumulation. GSK3β achieves this through promoting Drosha:cofactor and Drosha:pri-miR interactions: it binds to DGCR8 and p72 in the Microprocessor, an effect dependent upon presence of RNA. Indeed, GSK3β itself can immunoprecipitate pri-miRs, suggesting possible RNA-binding capacity. Kinase assays identify the mechanism for GSK3β-enhanced Drosha activity, which requires GSK3β nuclear localisation, as phosphorylation of Drosha at S300 and/or S302; confirmed by enhanced Drosha activity and association with cofactors, and increased abundance of mature miRs in the presence of phospho-mimic Drosha. Functional implications of GSK3β-enhanced miR biogenesis are illustrated by increased levels of GSK3β-upregulated miR targets following GSK3β inhibition. These data, the first to link GSK3β with the miR cascade in humans, highlight a novel pro-biogenesis role for GSK3β in increasing miR biogenesis as a component of the Microprocessor complex with wide-ranging functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Fletcher
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jack D Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Akifumi Shibakawa
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Lee JH, Jung HA, Kang MJ, Choi JS, Kim GD. Fucosterol, isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera, inhibits adipogenesis through modulation of FoxO1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:325-333. [PMID: 28134973 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fucosterol on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fucosterol, isolated from brown algae, Ecklonia stolonifera. We investigated the levels of lipid accumulation using Oil Red O staining. We conducted Western blot analysis to investigate regulatory effects of fucosterol on expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), forkhead box protein O 1 (FoxO1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS Fucosterol significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 25 and 50 μm. Fucosterol downregulated insulin-triggered PI3K/Akt, and ERK pathways. It subsequently decreased expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1. In addition, fucosterol enhanced SirT1 expression while decreased phospho-FoxO1 expression which resulted in the activation of FoxO1. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that fucosterol inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through modulation of FoxO signalling pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that fucosterol may be used for novel agents for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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