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Practical considerations and challenges involved in surfactant enhanced bioremediation of oil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:328608. [PMID: 24350261 PMCID: PMC3857904 DOI: 10.1155/2013/328608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant enhanced bioremediation (SEB) of oil is an approach adopted to overcome the bioavailability constraints encountered in biotransformation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pollutants. Fuel oils contain n-alkanes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatics, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although hydrocarbon degrading cultures are abundant in nature, complete biodegradation of oil is rarely achieved even under favorable environmental conditions due to the structural complexity of oil and culture specificities. Moreover, the interaction among cultures in a consortium, substrate interaction effects during the degradation and ability of specific cultures to alter the bioavailability of oil invariably affect the process. Although SEB has the potential to increase the degradation rate of oil and its constituents, there are numerous challenges in the successful application of this technology. Success is dependent on the choice of appropriate surfactant type and dose since the surfactant-hydrocarbon-microorganism interaction may be unique to each scenario. Surfactants not only enhance the uptake of constituents through micellar solubilization and emulsification but can also alter microbial cell surface characteristics. Moreover, hydrocarbons partitioned in micelles may not be readily bioavailable depending on the microorganism-surfactant interactions. Surfactant toxicity and inherent biodegradability of surfactants may pose additional challenges as discussed in this review.
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202
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Atta AM, Dyab AKF, Al-Lohedan HA. Surface Activity of Novel Polymerizable Anionic Polyoxyethylene 4-Nonyl-2-Prpylene-Phenyl Ether Ammonium Sulfate Succinate Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.739942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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203
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Krivova MG, Grinshpan DD, Hedin N. Adsorption of CnTABr surfactants on activated carbons. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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204
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Haudin CS, Zhang Y, Dumény V, Lashermes G, Bergheaud V, Barriuso E, Houot S. Fate of (14)C-organic pollutant residues in composted sludge after application to soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1280-5. [PMID: 23545187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants may be present in biosolids, leading to soil contamination when they are recycled in agriculture. A sludge spiked with (14)C-labelled glyphosate (GLY), sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), fluoranthene (FLT) or 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) was composted with green waste and the fate of the (14)C-micropollutant residues remaining after composting was assessed after the compost application to the soil. (14)C-residues were mineralised in the soil and represented after 140d 20-32% of the initial activity for LAS, 16-25% for GLY, 6-9% for FLT and 4-7% for NP. The (14)C-residues at the end of composting that could not be extracted with methanol or ammonia were minimally remobilised or even increased for FLT. After 140d, non-extractable residues represented 38-52% of all of the (14)C-residues remaining in the soil for FLT, 50-67% for GLY, 91-92% for NP and 94-97% for LAS and in most cases, less than 1% of the (14)C-residues were water soluble, suggesting a low direct availability for leaching and microbial or plant assimilation. FLT was identified as the main compound among the methanol-extractable (14)C-residues that may be potentially available. The fate of the (14)C-organic pollutant residues in composts after application to soil could be assessed through a sequential chemical extraction scheme and depended on the chemical nature of the pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Sophie Haudin
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1091 Environment and Arable Crops, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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205
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Lee YC, Choi MH, Han JI, Lim YL, Lee M. A Low-Foaming and Biodegradable Surfactant as a Soil-Flushing Agent for Diesel-Contaminated Soil. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.779711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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206
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Wahid NBA, Latif MT, Suratman S. Composition and source apportionment of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols of urban and semi-urban areas in Malaysia. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:1508-1516. [PMID: 23336924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the composition and source apportionment of surfactant in atmospheric aerosols around urban and semi-urban areas in Malaysia based on ionic compositions. Colorimetric analysis was undertaken to determine the concentrations of anionic surfactants as Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) and cationic surfactants as Disulphine Blue Active Substances (DBAS) using a UV spectrophotometer. Ionic compositions were determined using ion chromatography for cations (Na(+), NH4(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+)) and anions (F(-), Cl(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-)). Principle component analysis (PCA) combined with multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to identify the source apportionment of MBAS and DBAS. Results indicated that the concentrations of surfactants at both sampling sites were dominated by MBAS rather than DBAS especially in fine mode aerosols during the southwest monsoon. Three main sources of surfactants were identified from PCA-MLR analysis for MBAS in fine mode samples particularly in Kuala Lumpur, dominated by motor vehicles, followed by soil/road dust and sea spray. Besides, for MBAS in coarse mode, biomass burning/sea spray were the dominant source followed by motor vehicles/road dust and building material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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207
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Fischer K, Wolff B, Emmerling C. Inter and intra plant variability of enzyme profiles including various phosphoesterases and sulfatase of six wastewater treatment plants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:209-219. [PMID: 23587822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic wastewater constituents by activated sludge microorganisms is based on enzymatic processes. It is supposed that wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) differ in their enzymatic fingerprints. To determine such fingerprints, activated sludges from nine aerated tanks of six WWTPs were repeatedly sampled and analyzed for the activities of l-alanine aminopeptidase, esterase, α- and β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, phosphotriesterase, and sulfatase. In one WWTP the enzymatic activities and their variations within 1 week were assayed in various process stages. Mostly the enzymatic profiles were dominated by l-alanine aminopeptidase, followed by alkaline phosphatase. They differed in variable contributions of esterase, phosphodiesterase, α- and β-glucosidase. The sulfatase activity was generally low. For the first time phosphotriesterase activity was detected in various samples, but with limited analytical validity. Particle mass-related activities of individual enzymes varied between plants by factors 2-4 and up to 11, when related to suspension volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fischer
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
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208
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Szymczyk K. Properties of the ternary mixtures of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon nonionic surfactants at the water–air interface. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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209
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Lechuga M, Fernández-Arteaga A, Fernández-Serrano M, Jurado E, Burgos A, Ríos F. Combined Use of Ozonation and Biodegradation of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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210
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Torres LG, Orantes JL, Iturbe R. Biodegradation of Two Nonionic Surfactants Used for In Situ Flushing of Oil-Contaminated Soils. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Surfactants used for soil in situ flushing are often synthetic monomers of nonionic type. Both ethoxylated sorbitan monoleate and nonyl-phenol have been widely reported because of their washing potential. It is necessary to investigate their aerobic biodegradability at high concentrations found after a soil in situ flushing process. The aim of this work is to show the two nonionic surfactants' biodegradation, when present in water solutions at high concentrations (400 and 800mg/l), using an aerobic consortium obtained from a conventional activated sludge system for treatment of municipal wastewater. It was demonstrated that both TW80 and Surfacpol surfactants were biodegraded (and even partially mineralised) at high concentrations, i.e., 400 and 800mg/l. It is noteworthy that Surfacpol could be biodegraded to a higher extent (about 96%) than TW80 (about 45%) in a period of 168hours. Regarding the mineralization rates, Surfacpol reached mineralization values of about 83%, whereas TW80 reached only a value of about 23%.
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211
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Sarioglu OF, Tamer YT, Ozkan AD, Atabay HI, Molva C, Tekinay T. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a novel approach for analyzing the biochemical effects of anionic surfactants on a surfactant-degrading Arcobacter butzleri strain. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:470-475. [PMID: 23601548 DOI: 10.1366/12-06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anionic surfactant-biodegrading capability of an Arcobacter butzleri strain was analyzed under aerobic conditions. The A. butzleri isolate displayed efficient surfactant-biodegrading capacity for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in 6 days, corresponding to 99.0% removal efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to observe the effects of varying concentrations of SDS on the biochemistry of bacterial cells. Results suggest that protein secondary structures were altered in bacterial cells at sufficiently high SDS concentrations, concurrent with SDS biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Sarioglu
- Bilkent University, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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212
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Abdel-Rahem R, Al-Hawarin J. Dissolution Rate of Sodium Fatty Alcohol Sulfate FAS – Surfactants. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We represent an applicable problem that arises when long chain surfactant fatty alcohol sulfate FAS is used in washing process. Octadecyl fatty alcohol sulfate C18-FAS is known for its strong washing performance, however it has the disadvantages of high Krafft point and its long dissolution rate. We demonstrate the factors that affect dissolution rates of FAS-surfactants, and how one can vary these factors in order to achieve particular dissolution rate. In this study, we have used a reproducible method for determining the rate of dissolution of anionic surfactants tablet and the effect of, temperature, hardness of FAS-tablets, stirring rate, FAS chain length, mixing with other surfactants and additives on the rate of dissolution of FAS have been studied.
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213
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Ozonation of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions: Impact on Aquatic Toxicity. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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214
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Biosurfactants in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1005-16. [PMID: 23280539 PMCID: PMC3555348 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity to meet growing demands of human population is a matter of great concern for all countries. Use of green compounds to achieve the sustainable agriculture is the present necessity. This review highlights the enormous use of harsh surfactants in agricultural soil and agrochemical industries. Biosurfactants which are reported to be produced by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can serve as green surfactants. Biosurfactants are considered to be less toxic and eco-friendly and thus several types of biosurfactants have the potential to be commercially produced for extensive applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. The biosurfactants synthesized by environmental isolates also has promising role in the agricultural industry. Many rhizosphere and plant associated microbes produce biosurfactant; these biomolecules play vital role in motility, signaling, and biofilm formation, indicating that biosurfactant governs plant–microbe interaction. In agriculture, biosurfactants can be used for plant pathogen elimination and for increasing the bioavailability of nutrient for beneficial plant associated microbes. Biosurfactants can widely be applied for improving the agricultural soil quality by soil remediation. These biomolecules can replace the harsh surfactant presently being used in million dollar pesticide industries. Thus, exploring biosurfactants from environmental isolates for investigating their potential role in plant growth promotion and other related agricultural applications warrants details research. Conventional methods are followed for screening the microbial population for production of biosurfactant. However, molecular methods are fewer in reaching biosurfactants from diverse microbial population and there is need to explore novel biosurfactant from uncultured microbes in soil biosphere by using advanced methodologies like functional metagenomics.
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215
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Klein R, Müller E, Kraus B, Brunner G, Estrine B, Touraud D, Heilmann J, Kellermeier M, Kunz W. Biodegradability and cytotoxicity of choline soaps on human cell lines: effects of chain length and the cation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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216
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217
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Gérardin C, Reboul J, Bonne M, Lebeau B. Ecodesign of ordered mesoporous silica materials. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4217-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35451b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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218
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Šíma J, Pazderník M, Tříska J, Svoboda L. Degradation of surface-active compounds in a constructed wetland determined using high performance liquid chromatography and extraction spectrophotometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:559-567. [PMID: 23383641 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.730453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of anionic and nonionic surfactants in a constructed wetland with horizontal subsurface flow was studied using high performance liquid chromatography and extraction spectrophotometry. The ratio of individual homologues of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and the efficiency of their removal were studied. Tridecyl-, dodecyl-, undecyl-, and decylbenzene sulfonates were removed with efficiencies of 92.9%, 84.3%, 64.7%, and 41.1%, respectively. These differences are due to sequential shortening of the alkyl chain in homologues during degradation (the higher homologue can provide the lower one). The formation of sulfophenyl carboxylic acids during ω-oxidation of the alkyl chain followed by successive α- and/or β-oxidation is also a possible mechanism for removal of LAS. Solid phase extraction using Chromabond® HR-P columns was used for preconcentration of the analytes prior to their determination by HPLC. Methylene blue active compounds were determined using extraction spectrophotometry. The average efficiency of their removal was 84.9% in this case. The efficiency of nonionic surfactant removal (98.2%) was significantly higher in comparison to that for anionic surfactants. The concentration of the endocrine disruptor nonylphenol (a product of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactant degradation) determined in the profile of the wetland was beneath the limit of detection (0.4 μg/L). The average outflow concentrations of anionic and nonionic surfactants determined by spectrophotometry were 0.54 and 0.021 mg/L, respectively. The average outflow concentrations of decyl- and tridecylbenzene sulfonates determined by HPLC were 0.195 and 0.015 mg/L. Efficiencies of 86.4% and 92.2% were obtained for removal of organic compounds as indicated by chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD(Cr) and BOD(5)). These results demonstrate the suitability of the constructed wetland for degrading surface-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šíma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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219
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Razak IS, Tan ZZ, Nor ZM, Wahid NBA, Mushrifah I, Latif MT. Correlation Between Surfactants and Heavy Metals in a Natural Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS 2013; 14:59-68. [DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2012.729004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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220
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Pedrazzani R, Ceretti E, Zerbini I, Casale R, Gozio E, Bertanza G, Gelatti U, Donato F, Feretti D. Biodegradability, toxicity and mutagenicity of detergents: Integrated experimental evaluations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:274-281. [PMID: 22898309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of detergents has raised concern with regard to the environmental pollution caused by their active ingredients, which are biorefractory, toxic and persistent. Since detergents are complex mixtures of different substances, in which synergistic effects may occur, we aimed to assess the mutagenicity of different detergent formulations, taking into account aquatic toxicity and ready biodegradability. We performed a ready biodegradability test (OECD 301 F), Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri toxicity tests, and mutagenicity tests (Salmonella/microsome test, Allium cepa test and comet assay). Six detergent formulations were examined, 3 pre-manufacture and 3 commercially available. All detergents presented ready biodegradability. EC50 values varied for all products, according to the marker organism used, but were always higher than the more stringent value considered for aquatic toxicity assessment (V. fischeri 10-60 mg/L; D. magna 25-300 mg/L; A. cepa 250-2000 mg/L). None of the detergents caused mutations in bacteria. However, one commercial ecolabelled product induced an increase in micronucleus frequency in A. cepa root cells. All pre-manufacture detergents and one commercial one, which gave negative results in the Ames and A. cepa tests, induced DNA damage in human leukocytes. A more accurate evaluation of the environmental impact of complex mixtures such as detergents requires a battery of tests to describe degradation, as well as toxicological and mutagenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 38 Via Branze, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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221
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Hua X, Li M, Su Y, Dong D, Guo Z, Liang D. The degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in the presence of light and natural biofilms: the important role of photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 229-230:450-454. [PMID: 22742730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis of algae usually changes the chemical conditions of microenvironment in natural waters. However, few studies have been carried out to examine the effects of diurnal variation and photosynthesis on behavior of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. In this study, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was selected as a representative of non-persistent organic pollutants to investigate the degradation of this type of pollutants in the presence of light and natural biofilms by laboratory batch experiments, with special emphasis on the effect of photosynthesis of the biofilms. The maximum decrease of LAS was observed in the coexistence of both illumination and fully active biofilms, and about 75% of the LAS were removed after a 36-h degradation experiment. The removal of LAS was found to be dominated by photosynthesis of the biofilms, with lesser roles attributed to biodegradation and adsorption by the biofilms, and the role of direct photolysis was negligible. The production of some reactive oxygen species might account for the role of photosynthesis in decomposing the LAS. The study confirms the important roles of algae biofilms and their photosynthesis in determining the fate of organic pollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Hua
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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222
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Singh P, Singh SM, D’Souza LM, Wahidullah S. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant potential of four Arctic vascular plants from Svalbard. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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223
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Khaje Bafghi M, Fazaelipoor MH. Application of Rhamnolipid in the Formulation of a Detergent. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-012-1386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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224
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Dave G, Herger G. Determination of detoxification to Daphnia magna of four pharmaceuticals and seven surfactants by activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:459-466. [PMID: 22480943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are bioactive compounds generally resistant to biodegradation, which can make them problematic when they are released into nature. The use pattern for pharmaceuticals means that they are discharged into water via sewage treatment plants. Also surfactants are discharged through sewage treatment plants, primarily due to their use in detergents and shampoos and other cleaners. In this study the acute toxicity to Daphnia magna of four pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin, ibuprofen, paracetamol and zinc pyrithione) and seven surfactants (C8 alkyl glucoside, C6 alkyl glucoside, sodium caprylimidiopropionate, tallow-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, potassium decylphosphate, propylheptanol ethoxylate and alkylmonoethanolamide ethoxylate) was determined. Abiotic (without activated sludge bacteria) and biotic (with activated sludge bacteria) detoxification was also determined. The 24-h EC50s ranged from 2 μg L(-1) for the most toxic substance (zinc pyrithione) to 2 g L(-1) for the least toxic compound (C6 alkyl glucoside). Detoxification rates determined as the ratio between initial EC50 and EC50 after 1 week in water with activated sludge bacteria ranged from 0.4 (paracetamol) to 13 (zinc pyrithione). For most of these chemicals detoxification rate decreased after 1 week, but for one (alkylmonoethanolamide ethoxylate) it increased from about 2 to 30 times after 2 weeks. Many of these chemicals were "detoxified" also abiotically at about the same rate as biotically. Further studies are needed to determine the degradation products that were precipitated (aggregated) for some of the tested chemicals. Altogether, this study has shown that there are large differences in toxicity among chemicals entering sewage treatment plants, but also that the detoxification of them can differ. Therefore, the detoxification should receive more attention in the hazard and risk assessment of chemicals entering sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Dave
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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225
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Hnaien M, Dzyadevych S, Lagarde F, Jaffrezic-Renault N. A Conductometric Sensor Specific for Cationic Surfactants. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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226
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Eng YY, Sharma VK, Ray AK. Degradation of anionic and cationic surfactants in a monolithic swirl-flow photoreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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227
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Mahajan RK, Nandni D. Micellization and Phase Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Media. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202463w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Durgesh Nandni
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
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228
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Jaksic I, Lukic M, Malenovic A, Reichl S, Hoffmann C, Müller-Goymann C, Daniels R, Savic S. Compounding of a topical drug with prospective natural surfactant-stabilized pharmaceutical bases: Physicochemical and in vitro/in vivo characterization – A ketoprofen case study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:164-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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229
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Lechuga M, Fernández-Serrano M, Jurado E, Fernández-Arteaga A, Burgos A, Ríos F. Influence of Ozonation Processes on the Microbial Degradation of Surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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230
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Jurado-Alameda E, Vicaria JM, Altmajer-Vaz D, Luzón G, Jiménez-Pérez JL, Moya-Ramírez I. Ozone degradation of alkylbenzene sulfonate in aqueous solutions using a stirred tank reactor with recirculation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2205-2212. [PMID: 22934991 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in aqueous solutions by ozone has been investigated. The ozonation process was performed in a stirred tank reactor with recirculation which simulates the clean-in-place process used in many industrial facilities. The gas-liquid mass transfer of ozone in a buffer solution at different temperatures (25-55°C) was also studied in the same device, revealing that ozone decomposition can be considered negligible under the experimental conditions assayed. The effect of the initial LAS concentration, temperature, and ozone concentration on the concentration of homologues and total LAS were analysed as a function of time. Both concentrations diminished with time, this effect being more significant when higher temperatures were assayed. The relative proportion of homologues shows that the homologues of higher chain length are degraded in a greater proportion than are the homologues with shorter chain lengths.
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231
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Edwards DR, Lohman DC, Wolfenden R. Catalytic Proficiency: The Extreme Case of S–O Cleaving Sulfatases. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:525-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208827q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Danielle C. Lohman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Richard Wolfenden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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232
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Abstract
AbstractThis study examined the direct spectrometric method for determining non-ionic surfactants in highly-polluted samples (i.e., soil leachates) containing high concentrations of humic acids. Meso-tetra-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydrooxyphenyl)-porphyrin served as a coloration agent. The method was tested by use of two polyethoxylate/polypropoxylate — based non-ionic surfactants: Triton CF-21 containing aromatic groups in the structure and Novanik 1047A containing only linear hydrocarbon chains. The main goal was to quantify the influence of interfering species to the results. A test for coincidence of regression lines was employed for objective evaluation of the humic acid influence on the determination. It was observed that for linear surfactant Novanik 1047 A the method provides reliable result and thus, can serve for routine analyses. Regarding Triton CF-21, an interfering effect of humic acids was observed; however, after sufficient dilution of the samples, the method can be used as well. Finally, the method can be used for simple analyses of problematic samples without complicated sample-pretreatment.
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233
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Rivera-Utrilla J, Bautista-Toledo MI, Sánchez-Polo M, Méndez-Díaz JD. Removal of surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonate by consecutive use of ozonation and biodegradation. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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234
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Šíma J, Holcová V. Removal of Nonionic Surfactants from Wastewater Using a Constructed Wetland. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1819-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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235
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Lu Q, Liao N, Chu C, Shen J, Liu Y, Tao J, Liang X, Liu R. Dioxygen in combination with hydrazine: a practical system for degradation of a broad spectrum of toxic organics in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1186-1191. [PMID: 21752540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green and cost-effective eradication of pollutants from water is an important and long-standing goal in environmental chemistry. A broad spectrum of toxic organics in water was efficiently destroyed in the presence of dioxygen in combination with hydrazine hydrate at 150 °C. Under this operating condition, two typical classes of toxic organic chemicals, phenols and nitrobenzene derivatives were totally destroyed. The mineralization rate of these organics was 35-86%. Furthermore, when this degradation system was applied to degradation of actual waste water of wood pulp bleaching with chlorine (COD: 1830 mg/L), 77% COD decrease and 52% TOC mineralization of the wastewater were observed. In each case, the major degradation products are small molecular compounds, such as methanol, formic acid and acetic acid except CO/CO(2). In the case of chlorophenols degradation, no dioxins and any other toxic compounds are detected by (1)H NMR. After degradation reaction, the hydrazine was also decomposed into N(2) and H(2)O, and no remaining hydrazine is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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236
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Martínez-Gallegos JF, Bravo-Rodríguez V, Jurado-Alameda E, García-López AI. Polyoxyethylene alkyl and nonyl phenol ethers complexation with potato starch. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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237
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Salati S, Papa G, Adani F. Perspective on the use of humic acids from biomass as natural surfactants for industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:913-22. [PMID: 21827846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the context of renewable vs. non-renewable sources of chemical compounds, the development of natural surfactants as a substitute for synthetic surfactants in technological applications is an important issue. In addition, as synthetic surfactants can persist in the environment causing toxic effects, the use of natural products presents a possibility to minimize impact on the environment. Nowadays, a promising new approach in surfactant-based technologies, consists of the use of humic acids (HAs) extracted directly from biomass that exhibit amphiphilic properties, and can be conveniently used as environmentally friendly surfactants. The raw material from which HAs are extracted and their macromolecular composition affect surfactant properties. Therefore fundamental data from more strictly qualitative aspects, needs to be investigated. This review highlights surfactant ability and chemical properties of HA substances coming from renewable sources in comparison to synthetic surfactants, and points out the capacity for HAs to be used effectively in this field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salati
- Gruppo Ricicla, Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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238
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Jurado E, Fernández-Serrano M, Lechuga M, Ríos F. Environmental Impact of Ether Carboxylic Derivative Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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239
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240
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D'Errico G. On the segregative tendency of ethoxylated surfactants in nonionic mixed micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3317-3323. [PMID: 21370905 DOI: 10.1021/la1039283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous mixtures of two nonionic surfactants, pentaethyleneglycol monohexyl ether (C(6)E(5)) and hexyl dimethyl phosphine oxide (C(6)DMPO), were investigated by the pulsed-gradient stimulated-echo NMR technique. Quite unexpectedly, the results show that the mixture behavior significantly deviates from ideality. Particularly, analysis of the data indicates that, in the mixed aggregates, C(6)E(5) molecules prefer to be surrounded by other C(6)E(5) molecules, forming domains of hydrated ethoxilic chains on the micellar surface. Molecular reasons for the segregative tendency of ethoxylated surfactants and its applicative implications in formulation technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardino D'Errico
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Montesantangelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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241
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Yang YH, Brigham C, Willis L, Rha C, Sinskey A. Improved detergent-based recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:937-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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242
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Horikoshi S, Minami D, Ito S, Sakai H, Kitamoto D, Abe M, Serpone N. Molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption of hydrophobic 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) on hydrophilic TiO2 in surfactant emulsions and experimental process efficiencies of photo-degradation and -dechlorination. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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243
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Gori R, Cammilli L, Petrovic M, Gonzalez S, Barcelò D, Lubello C, Malpei F. Fate of surfactants in membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8223-8229. [PMID: 20886831 DOI: 10.1021/es101515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated at high sludge retention time (SRT) (between 30 and 75 d) in parallel to a conventional activated sludge plant (CASP) conducted at SRT = 10 d. The fate of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP(n)EO, n = 1-15), nonylphenoxy carboxylates (NP(n)EC, n = 1-2), and nonylphenol (NP) in these systems was investigated. All systems were very efficient in the removal of LAS (around 99%). The analysis of variance showed that the difference in the removal efficiency of LAS in the CASP and the MBR operated at SRT = 65-75 d (respectively 99.0 ± 0.43 and 99.8 ± 0.11) were significant (p < 0.05), confirming the importance of SRT in the removal of LAS. Comparison between the CASP and the MBRs in the removal efficiency of nonylphenolic compounds were conducted considering NP(3-15)EO, the sum of NP(1-15)EO, NP(1-2)EC, and nonylphenol (NP). In all cases MBRs were more efficient than the CASP. In the case of NP the removal was about 76 ± 7.5% for the CASP and 90% ± 12.1 and 82 ± 8.7% for the MBRs. Better performance of MBRs in the removal of nonylphenolic compounds can be attributed to a better degradation. For example, if the sum of NP(1-15)EO and NP(1-2)EC is considered, estimated biodegradation was about 48% for the CASP and 72% for MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta, 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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244
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Roslan RN, Hanif NM, Othman MR, Azmi WNFW, Yan XX, Ali MM, Mohamed CAR, Latif MT. Surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer and their contribution to atmospheric aerosols around coastal areas of the Malaysian peninsula. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1584-90. [PMID: 20451220 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A study was done to determine the concentrations of surfactants on the sea-surface microlayer and in atmospheric aerosols in several coastal areas around the Malaysian peninsula. The concentrations of surfactants from the sea-surface microlayer (collected using rotation drum) and from aerosols (collected using HVS) were analyzed as methylene blue active substances and disulphine blue active substances through the colorimetric method using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that the average concentrations of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer ranged between undetected and 0.36+/-0.34 micromol L(-1) for MBAS and between 0.11+/-0.02 and 0.21+/-0.13 micromol L(-1) for DBAS. The contribution of surfactants from the sea-surface microlayer to the composition of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols appears to be very minimal and more dominant in fine mode aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razarul Naim Roslan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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245
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An essential step for environmental protection: Towards a sound chemical management system in Malaysia. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchas.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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246
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Tan X, Yim SY, Uppu P, Kleinow KM. Enhanced bioaccumulation of dietary contaminants in catfish with exposure to the waterborne surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 99:300-308. [PMID: 20541817 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fish bioaccumulate a variety of contaminants and act as an exposure portal to the human consumer. Surfactants, known pharmaceutically to alter membrane permeability, change drug bioavailability and attenuate transporter function are also found in contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment. The overall objective of this study was to determine if the surfactant C-12 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) at environmentally relevant concentrations, alters the disposition and enhances bioaccumulation of co-exposed dietary xenobiotics in the catfish. Included for study were the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pharmaceutical, ivermectin (IVM), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate rhodamine 123 (Rho-123), each exhibiting different dispositional footprints. Rho-123 transport into bile and membrane fluidity was examined in isolated perfused livers from control and LAS exposed catfish. Mass balance residue assessments were performed on catfish following in vivo exposure for 12 days to LAS in water at 0, 100 or 300 microg/L with 6 days of (3)H-IVM or (3)H-BaP gavage treatments. LAS at 1, 5 and 20 microM in the perfused liver, significantly decreased the transport of Rho-123 (1 microM) into bile by 18.6, 38.1 and 66.7%, respectively. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements demonstrated a 29.7% increase in fluidity at the (1 microM, 348 microg/L) LAS concentration. In vivo mass balance studies indicated that waterborne LAS (100 and 300 microg/L) increased the dietary dose remaining in fish by 39% and 78% for (3)H-IVM and 50 and 157% for (3)H-BaP. LAS at environmentally relevant concentrations altered the bioavailability and disposition of dietary xenobiotics in the catfish. Co-exposure with LAS increases xenobiotic bioaccumulation, potential toxicity of mixture components to the fish and the potential for residue transfer from fish to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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247
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Gönder ZB, Vergili I, Kaya Y, Barlas H. Adsorption of cationic and anionic surfactants onto organic polymer resin Lewatit VPOC 1064 MD PH. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:267-273. [PMID: 20396935 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of a cationic (CTAB, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) and an anionic surfactant (SLES, sodium dodecylethersulfate) from aqueous solution onto organic polymer resin (Lewatit VPOC 1064 MD PH) was studied. A series of batch experiments were performed to determine the sorption isotherms of surfactants to organic polymer resin. The experimental studies were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Furthermore, the isotherm parameters, average percentage errors (epsilon) of model data, and separation factor (R (L)) were calculated. Other factors influencing the adsorption capacity (contact time, adsorbent amount, and initial surfactant concentration) were also discussed. The experimental data fitted very well to the Langmuir equilibrium model in the studied concentration range. The calculated R (L) values showed that the adsorption of both surfactants were favorable. Among the surfactants, CTAB showed higher adsorption capacity onto organic polymer resin compared to SLES (Q (0) = 250 and 34.36 mg g(-1), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Gönder
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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248
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Morros J, Levecke B, Infante MR. Chemical hydrophobic modification of inulin in aqueous media: Synthesis of β-hydroxyalkyl ethers of inulin. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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249
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Abstract
Surfactants in the EnvironmentSurfactants are a diverse group of chemicals that are best known for their wide use in detergents and other cleaning products. After use, residual surfactants are discharged into sewage systems or directly into surface waters, and most of them end up dispersed in different environmental compartments such as soil, water or sediment. The toxic effects of surfactants on various aquatic organisms are well known. In general, surfactants are present in the environment at levels below toxicity and in Croatia below the national limit. Most surfactants are readily biodegradable and their amount is greatly reduced with secondary treatment in wastewater treatment plants. The highest concern is the release of untreated wastewater or wastewater that has undergone primary treatment alone. The discharge of wastewater polluted with massive quantities of surfactants could have serious effects on the ecosystem. Future studies of surfactant toxicities and biodegradation are necessary to withdraw highly toxic and non-biodegradable compounds from commercial use and replace them with more environmentally friendly ones.
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250
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Vergili I, Kaya Y, Gönder ZB, Barlas H. Column studies for the adsorption of cationic surfactant onto an organic polymer resin and a granular activated carbon. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2010; 82:209-215. [PMID: 20369564 DOI: 10.2175/106143009x12487095236351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption beds containing granular activated carbon and organic polymer resin are used widely to remove organic pollutants from wastewaters and water streams. Adsorption polymers are becoming alternatives to activated carbon for removal of surfactants by adsorption techniques. This study investigated the adsorption characteristics of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant for selected concentrations below and above critical micelle concentration (CMC). A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough curves by using two different adsorbents: (1) Hydraffin CC 8 x 30 as a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) and (2) Lewatit VPOC 1064 MD PH as a commercial organic polymer resin. In the experiments, the volumetric flow rate was maintained at 10.5 mL/min (approximately 2 m3/ m2 x h). Loading of adsorbents was continued until breakthrough was 10% of the feed concentration. The breakthrough took place at 488 bed volume (BV) below CMC (C0 = 40 mg/L) and 39 BV above CMC (C0 = 400 mg/ L) onto GAC. The organic polymer resin, however, showed a higher adsorption capacity than GAC (1412 BV below CMC and 287 BV above CMC). From the Logit method, the value of adsorption rate coefficient (K) and adsorption capacity coefficient (N) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Vergili
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
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