201
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Chinak OA, Fomin AS, Nushtaeva AA, Koval OA, Savelyeva AV, Kuligina EV, Richter VA. Penetration of the peptide lactaptin into human cancer cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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202
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Guo S, Wang Y, Miao L, Xiong Y, Huang L. PolyMetformin combines carrier and anticancer activities for in vivo siRNA delivery. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11822. [PMID: 27264609 PMCID: PMC4897747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely implemented anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potent anticancer efficacies. Herein a polymeric construction of Metformin, PolyMetformin (PolyMet) is successfully synthesized through conjugation of linear polyethylenimine (PEI) with dicyandiamide. The delocalization of cationic charges in the biguanide groups of PolyMet reduces the toxicity of PEI both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the polycationic properties of PolyMet permits capture of siRNA into a core-membrane structured lipid-polycation-hyaluronic acid (LPH) nanoparticle for systemic gene delivery. Advances herein permit LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles to facilitate VEGF siRNA delivery for VEGF knockdown in a human lung cancer xenograft, leading to enhanced tumour suppressive efficacy. Even in the absence of RNAi, LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles act similarly to Metformin and induce antitumour efficacy through activation of the AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR. In essence, PolyMet successfully combines the intrinsic anticancer efficacy of Metformin with the capacity to carry siRNA to enhance the therapeutic activity of an anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yang Xiong
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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203
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Swiecicki JM, Di Pisa M, Lippi F, Chwetzoff S, Mansuy C, Trugnan G, Chassaing G, Lavielle S, Burlina F. Unsaturated acyl chains dramatically enhanced cellular uptake by direct translocation of a minimalist oligo-arginine lipopeptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:14656-9. [PMID: 26291669 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recurring issue with cell penetrating peptides is how to increase direct translocation vs. endocytosis, to avoid premature degradation. Acylation by a cis unsaturated chain (C22:6) of a short cationic peptide provides a new rational design to favour diffuse cytosolic and dense Golgi localisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203, 4, Place Jussieu 75005, Paris, France.
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204
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Qian Z, Martyna A, Hard RL, Wang J, Appiah-Kubi G, Coss C, Phelps MA, Rossman JS, Pei D. Discovery and Mechanism of Highly Efficient Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2601-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Qian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484
West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Agnieszka Martyna
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan L. Hard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484
West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jiang Wang
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - George Appiah-Kubi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484
West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher Coss
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Rossman
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484
West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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205
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Hamill KM, McCoy LS, Wexselblatt E, Esko JD, Tor Y. Polymyxins Facilitate Entry into Mammalian Cells. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5059-5068. [PMID: 28044098 PMCID: PMC5201209 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin and guanidinylated polymyxin effectively deliver large biomolecules and liposomal assemblies into mammalian cells.
Polymyxin B is an antibiotic used against multi-resistant Gram negative infections, despite observed nephrotoxicity. Here we report the synthesis of functionalized derivatives of polymyxin B and its per-guanidinylated derivative in order to further explore the structural requirements necessary to facilitate uptake of the antibiotic into mammalian cells. We also investigate the possibility of using these novel scaffolds as molecular transporters. At nanomolar concentrations, both are capable of delivering large cargo (>300 kDa) into living cells. Their uptake depends exclusively on cell surface heparan sulfate. Mechanistic studies indicate these novel transporters are internalized through caveolae-mediated pathways and confocal microscopy show colocalization with lysosomes. The polymyxin-based transporters demonstrate cytosolic delivery through the delivery of a ribosome-inactivating protein. Furthermore, the natural polymyxin scaffold can be incorporated into liposomes and enhance their intracellular uptake. In addition to demonstrating the ability of the polymyxin scaffold to facilitate internalization into mammalian cells, these observations suggest the potential use of polymyxin and guanidinopolymyxin for intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Lisa S McCoy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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206
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Bruce VJ, Lopez-Islas M, McNaughton BR. Resurfaced cell-penetrating nanobodies: A potentially general scaffold for intracellularly targeted protein discovery. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1129-37. [PMID: 26991318 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of their size, functional group diversity, and complex structure, proteins can often recognize and modulate disease-relevant macromolecules that present a challenge to small-molecule reagents. Additionally, high-throughput screening and evolution-based methods often make the discovery of new protein binders simpler than the analogous small-molecule discovery process. However, most proteins do not cross the lipid bilayer membrane of mammalian cells. This largely limits the scope of protein therapeutics and basic research tools to those targeting disease-relevant receptors on the cell surface or extracellular matrix. Previously, researchers have shown that cationic resurfacing of proteins can endow cell penetration. However, in our experience, many proteins are not amenable to such extensive mutagenesis. Here, we report that nanobodies-a small and stable protein that can be evolved to recognize virtually any disease-relevant receptor-are amenable to cationic resurfacing, which results in cell internalization. Once internalized, these nanobodies access the cytosol. Polycationic resurfacing does not appreciably alter the structure, expression, and function (target recognition) of a previously reported GFP-binding nanobody, and multiple nanobody scaffolds are amenable to polycationic resurfacing. Given this, we propose that polycationic resurfaced cell-penetrating nanobodies might represent a general scaffold for intracellularly targeted protein drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Monica Lopez-Islas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Brian R McNaughton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
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207
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Backlund CM, Takeuchi T, Futaki S, Tew GN. Relating structure and internalization for ROMP-based protein mimics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1443-50. [PMID: 27039278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the predominant cellular entry mechanism for protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their synthetic mimics (PTDMs) is a complicated problem that continues to be a significant source of debate in the literature. The PTDMs reported here provide a well-controlled platform to vary molecular composition for structure activity relationship studies to further our understanding of PTDs, their non-covalent association with cargo, and their cellular internalization pathways. Specifically, several guanidine rich homopolymers, along with an amphiphilic block copolymer were used to investigate the relationship between structure and internalization activity in HeLa cells, both alone and non-covalently complexed with EGFP by flow cytometery and confocal imaging. The findings indicate that while changing the amount of positive charge on our PTDMs does not seem to affect the endosomal uptake, the presence of hydrophobicity appears to be a critical factor for the polymers to enter cells either alone, or with associated cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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208
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Nair JB, Joseph MM, Mohapatra S, Safeera M, Ghosh S, Sreelekha TT, Maiti KK. A Dual-Targeting Octaguanidine-Doxorubicin Conjugate Transporter for Inducing Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis on Folate-Expressing Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:702-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD); Organic Chemistry Section; CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST); Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
| | - Manu M. Joseph
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD); Organic Chemistry Section; CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST); Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine; Division of Cancer Research; Regional Cancer Centre; Thiruvananthapuram 695011 Kerala India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur; Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - M. Safeera
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD); Organic Chemistry Section; CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST); Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur; Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - T. T. Sreelekha
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine; Division of Cancer Research; Regional Cancer Centre; Thiruvananthapuram 695011 Kerala India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD); Organic Chemistry Section; CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST); Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
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209
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Gasparini G, Bang EK, Montenegro J, Matile S. Cellular uptake: lessons from supramolecular organic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:10389-402. [PMID: 26030211 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this Feature Article is to reflect on the importance of established and emerging principles of supramolecular organic chemistry to address one of the most persistent problems in life sciences. The main topic is dynamic covalent chemistry on cell surfaces, particularly disulfide exchange for thiol-mediated uptake. Examples of boronate and hydrazone exchange are added for contrast, comparison and completion. Of equal importance are the discussions of proximity effects in polyions and counterion hopping, and more recent highlights on ring tension and ion pair-π interactions. These lessons from supramolecular organic chemistry apply to cell-penetrating peptides, particularly the origin of "arginine magic" and the "pyrenebutyrate trick," and the currently emerging complementary "disulfide magic" with cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s. They further extend to the voltage gating of neuronal potassium channels, gene transfection, and the delivery of siRNA. The collected examples illustrate that the input from conceptually innovative chemistry is essential to address the true challenges in biology beyond incremental progress and random screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gasparini
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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210
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McKinlay CJ, Waymouth RM, Wender PA. Cell-Penetrating, Guanidinium-Rich Oligophosphoesters: Effective and Versatile Molecular Transporters for Drug and Probe Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3510-7. [PMID: 26900771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new family of highly effective cell-penetrating molecular transporters, guanidinium-rich oligophosphoesters, are described. These unique transporters are synthesized in two steps, irrespective of oligomer length, by the organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (OROP) of 5-membered cyclic phospholane monomers followed by oligomer deprotection. Varying the initiating alcohol results in a wide variety of cargo attachment strategies for releasable or nonreleasable transporter applications. Initiation of oligomerization with a fluorescent probe produces, upon deprotection, a transporter-probe conjugate that is shown to readily enter multiple cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. These new transporters are superior in cell uptake to previously studied guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and oligoarginines, showing over 2-fold higher uptake than the former and 6-fold higher uptake than the latter. Initiation with a protected thiol gives, upon deprotection, thiol-terminated transporters which can be thiol-click conjugated to a variety of probes, drugs and other cargos as exemplified by the conjugation and delivery of the model probe fluorescein-maleimide and the medicinal agent paclitaxel (PTX) into cells. Of particular significance given that drug resistance is a major cause of chemotherapy failure, the PTX-transporter conjugate, designed to evade Pgp export and release free PTX after cell entry, shows efficacy against PTX-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Collectively this study introduces a new and highly effective class of guanidinium-rich cell-penetrating transporters and methodology for their single-step conjugation to drugs and probes, and demonstrates that the resulting drug/probe-conjugates readily enter cells, outperforming previously reported guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and peptide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J McKinlay
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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211
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Mishiro K, Hu F, Paley DW, Min W, Lambert TH. Macrosteres: The Deltic Guanidinium Ion. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:1655-1659. [PMID: 27790071 PMCID: PMC5079176 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The "deltic guanidinium" ion is described here as a "macrostere" of the guanidinium ion. The use of the 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl protecting group allows for the synthesis of the fully unsubstituted parent compound and a variety of derivatives bearing multiple N-H functions for the first time. Deltic urea, deltic thiourea, and deltic benzamidine are also synthesized. A comparison of the physical properties of guanidinium and deltic guanidinium ions is provided. The use of a deltic guanidinium dendrimer for cell transport is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mishiro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA, Fax: (+) 212-932-1289, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/lambert/
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA, Fax: (+) 212-932-1289, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/lambert/
| | - Daniel W. Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA, Fax: (+) 212-932-1289, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/lambert/
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA, Fax: (+) 212-932-1289, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/lambert/
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA, Fax: (+) 212-932-1289, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/lambert/
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212
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Pavlovic I, Thakor DT, Vargas JR, McKinlay CJ, Hauke S, Anstaett P, Camuña RC, Bigler L, Gasser G, Schultz C, Wender PA, Jessen HJ. Cellular delivery and photochemical release of a caged inositol-pyrophosphate induces PH-domain translocation in cellulo. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10622. [PMID: 26842801 PMCID: PMC4743007 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates, such as diphospho-myo-inositol pentakisphosphates (InsP7), are an important family of signalling molecules, implicated in many cellular processes and therapeutic indications including insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and weight gain. To understand their cellular functions, chemical tools such as photocaged analogues for their real-time modulation in cells are required. Here we describe a concise, modular synthesis of InsP7 and caged InsP7. The caged molecule is stable and releases InsP7 only on irradiation. While photocaged InsP7 does not enter cells, its cellular uptake is achieved using nanoparticles formed by association with a guanidinium-rich molecular transporter. This novel synthesis and unprecedented polyphosphate delivery strategy enable the first studies required to understand InsP7 signalling in cells with controlled spatiotemporal resolution. It is shown herein that cytoplasmic photouncaging of InsP7 leads to translocation of the PH-domain of Akt, an important signalling-node kinase involved in glucose homeostasis, from the membrane into the cytoplasm. Photocaged inositol-pyrophosphates offer a tool to study cellular signalling, but their challenging synthesis has precluded any biological studies so far. Here, the authors report the synthesis and cellular delivery of a photocaged analogue, and show that it mediates protein translocation in cellulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Divyeshsinh T Thakor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jessica R Vargas
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Colin J McKinlay
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Hauke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology &Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Anstaett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Rafael C Camuña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga 29071, Spain
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology &Biophysics Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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213
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Deng Y, Guo Y, Liu P, Zeng R, Ning Y, Pei G, Li Y, Chen M, Guo S, Li X, Han M, Xu G. Blocking protein phosphatase 2A signaling prevents endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis: a peptide-based drug therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19821. [PMID: 26805394 PMCID: PMC4726189 DOI: 10.1038/srep19821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to the emergence of fibroblasts and plays a significant role in renal interstitial fibrosis. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase in eukaryotic cells and regulates many signaling pathways. However, the significance of PP2A in EndMT is poorly understood. In present study, the role of PP2A in EndMT was evaluated. We demonstrated that PP2A activated in endothelial cells (EC) during their EndMT phenotype acquisition and in the mouse model of obstructive nephropathy (i.e., UUO). Inhibition of PP2A activity by its specific inhibitor prevented EC undergoing EndMT. Importantly, PP2A activation was dependent on tyrosine nitration at 127 in the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac). Our renal-protective strategy was to block tyrosine127 nitration to inhibit PP2A activation by using a mimic peptide derived from PP2Ac conjugating a cell penetrating peptide (CPP: TAT), termed TAT-Y127WT. Pretreatment withTAT-Y127WT was able to prevent TGF-β1-induced EndMT. Administration of the peptide to UUO mice significantly ameliorated renal EndMT level, with preserved density of peritubular capillaries and reduction in extracellular matrix deposition. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibiting PP2Ac nitration using a mimic peptide is a potential preventive strategy for EndMT in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ning
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqiang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixue Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiming Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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214
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Estudante M, Soveral G, Morais JG, Benet LZ. Insights into solute carriers: physiological functions and implications in disease and pharmacokinetics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SLCs transport many endogenous and exogenous compounds including drugs; SLCs dysfunction has implications in pharmacokinetics, drug toxicity or lack of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Estudante
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - José G. Morais
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
| | - Leslie Z. Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- University of California
- San Francisco
- USA
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215
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Bartolami E, Bouillon C, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Bioactive clusters promoting cell penetration and nucleic acid complexation for drug and gene delivery applications: from designed to self-assembled and responsive systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4257-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the (self-)assembly of cationic clusters promoting nucleic acids complexation and cell penetration open the door to applications in drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Camille Bouillon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
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216
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Bhardwaj I, Jha D, Admane P, Panda AK, Haridas V. Self-assembling tryptophan-based designer peptides as intracellular delivery vehicles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:672-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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217
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Berlinck RGS, Romminger S. The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:456-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present review discusses the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, biosynthesis and biological activities of secondary metabolites bearing a guanidine group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stelamar Romminger
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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218
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Hostachy S, Swiecicki JM, Sandt C, Delsuc N, Policar C. Photophysical properties of single core multimodal probe for imaging (SCoMPI) in a membrane model and in cells. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2791-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected strong luminescence enhancement of a bimodal ReCO probe grafted onto a CPP accurately characterized in a lipid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hostachy
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University
- Département de Chimie
- Sorbonne Universités – UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7203 CNRS-ENS-UPMC LBM
- 75005 Paris
| | - J.-M. Swiecicki
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University
- Département de Chimie
- Sorbonne Universités – UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7203 CNRS-ENS-UPMC LBM
- 75005 Paris
| | - C. Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL Saint-Aubin
- Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - N. Delsuc
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University
- Département de Chimie
- Sorbonne Universités – UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7203 CNRS-ENS-UPMC LBM
- 75005 Paris
| | - C. Policar
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University
- Département de Chimie
- Sorbonne Universités – UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7203 CNRS-ENS-UPMC LBM
- 75005 Paris
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219
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Hamill KM, Wexselblatt E, Tong W, Esko JD, Tor Y. Delivery of an active lysosomal enzyme using GNeosomes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5794-5797. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinoneomycin derivatives incorporated into liposomes were shown to improve delivery of a fluorescent dye and deliver therapeutic amounts of a lysosomal enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Wenyong Tong
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Esko
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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220
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Mathai BM, Joseph MM, Maniganda S, Nair JB, Arya JS, Karunakaran V, Radhakrishnan KV, Maiti KK. Guanidinium rich dendron-appended hydnocarpin exhibits superior anti-neoplastic effects through caspase mediated apoptosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have truly demonstrated their potential as a repository of active biomolecules with promising therapeutic potential and represent an important source for the identification of novel drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Mariyam Mathai
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Manu M. Joseph
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Santhi Maniganda
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Jyothi B. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - J. S. Arya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Varsha Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD)
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
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221
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Role of arginine and lysine in the antimicrobial mechanism of histone-derived antimicrobial peptides. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3915-20. [PMID: 26555191 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of cell-penetrating peptides is often promoted by increased content of arginine or other guanidinium groups. However, relatively little research has considered the role of these functional groups on antimicrobial peptide activity. This study compared the activity of three histone-derived antimicrobial peptides-buforin II, DesHDAP1, and parasin-with variants that contain only lysine or arginine cationic residues. These peptides operate via different mechanisms as parasin causes membrane permeabilization while buforin II and DesHDAP1 translocate into bacteria. For all peptides, antibacterial activity increased with increased arginine content. Higher arginine content increased permeabilization for parasin while it improved translocation for buforin II and DesHDAP1. These observations provide insight into the relative importance of arginine and lysine in these antimicrobial peptides.
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222
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Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Gianneschi NC. Activating Peptides for Cellular Uptake via Polymerization into High Density Brushes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:989-994. [PMID: 26925209 PMCID: PMC4763988 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of peptide therapeutics is thwarted by an inability to enter cells, preventing access to crucial intracellular targets. Herein, we describe a simple and potentially widely applicable solution involving the polymerization of a minimally modified amino acid sequence into a high density brush polymer. Specifically, non-cell penetrating peptides can be rendered competent for cell entry by first including a single Arg or Lys in their amino acid sequence, if one is not already present, along with a norbornenyl unit. This modified monomer is then polymerized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). To demonstrate the utility of this strategy, a known therapeutic peptide, which does not penetrate cells on its own, was polymerized. The resulting polymer proficiently entered cells while maintaining its intracellular function. We anticipate that this methodology will find broad use in medicine, increasing or enabling the in vivo efficacy of promising peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacquelin K Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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223
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Shaili E, Fernández-Giménez M, Rodríguez-Astor S, Gandioso A, Sandín L, García-Vélez C, Massaguer A, Clarkson GJ, Woods JA, Sadler PJ, Marchán V. A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin. Chemistry 2015; 21:18474-86. [PMID: 26662220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3 )2 (OH)(succ)(py)2 ] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum-rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro-drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum-guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) led to the formation of trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (5'-GMP)](+) , as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3 (py)2 }(+) to guanine nucleobases in a short single-stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro-drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK-MEL-28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK-MEL-28 cells than in DU-145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Marta Fernández-Giménez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Savina Rodríguez-Astor
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Lluís Sandín
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Carlos García-Vélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona (Spain)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY (UK)
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK).
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain).
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224
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Abstract
For a long time, peptides were considered unsuitable for drug development due to their inherently poor pharmacokinetic properties and proteolytic susceptibility. However, this paradigm has changed significantly in the past decade with the approval of numerous antibodies and proteins as drugs. In parallel, research in the field of synthetic molecules that are able to mimic or complement folding patterns exhibited by biopolymers, but are not recognized by proteases, have received considerable attention as well. Such entities were coined "foldamers" by Professor Gellman in an Account published in this journal in the late 1990s. Oligomers of N-alkylated 3-aminopropionic acid residues have been called β-peptoids due to their structural similarity to β-peptides and peptoids (N-alkylglycines), respectively. Because bona fide foldamer behavior has been demonstrated for both parent architectures, we wondered if the β-peptoids could serve as a successful addition to the known ensemble of peptidomimetic foldamers. When we entered this field, only the seminal description of libraries of β-peptoid dimers and trimers by Hamper et al. had been published a number of years earlier [ J. Org. Chem. 1998 , 63 , 708 ]. Perhaps somewhat naïvely in retrospect, we envisioned that elongation of chain length combined with introduction of bulky α-chiral side chains would deliver folded structures as reported for the α-peptoid counterparts. Initially, we, and others, were unsucessful in obtaining stable secondary structures of β-peptoid oligomers, and instead, these residues were either incorporated in cyclic structures or in combination with other types of residues to give peptidomimetic constructs with heterogeneous backbones. Amphiphilic architectures with various membrane-targeting activities, such as mimics of antimicrobial peptides or cell-penetrating peptides, have thus been particularly successful. Introduction of β-peptoid residues in histone deacetylase inhibitors mimicking nonribosomal cyclotetrapeptides have also been reported. In the present Account, we will sketch the scientific journey that ultimately delivered robustly folded β-peptoid oligomers. Contributions involving biological evaluation of peptidomimetic constructs containing β-peptoid residues, as mentioned above, which were investigated leading up to these recently reported high-resolution helical structures, will thus be discussed. On the basis of the work described in this Account, we envision that β-peptoids will find future utility as peptidomimetics for biomedical investigation containing both heterogeneous and homogeneous backbones. The recent demonstration of control over the secondary structure of a homogeneous β-peptoid backbone now enables structure-based design of scaffolds with predictable display of desired functionalities in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S. Laursen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Engel-Andreasen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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225
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Lu P, Bruno BJ, Rabenau M, Lim CS. Delivery of drugs and macromolecules to the mitochondria for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2015; 240:38-51. [PMID: 26482081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that have pivotal functions in producing the energy necessary for life and executing the cell death pathway. Targeting drugs and macromolecules to the mitochondria may provide an effective means of inducing cell death for cancer therapy, and has been actively pursued in the last decade. This review will provide a brief overview of mitochondrial structure and function, how it relates to cancer, and importantly, will discuss different strategies of mitochondrial delivery including delivery using small molecules, peptides, genes encoding proteins and MTSs, and targeting polymers/nanoparticles with payloads to the mitochondria. The advantages and disadvantages for each strategy will be discussed. Specific examples using the latest strategies for mitochondrial targeting will be evaluated, as well as potential opportunities for specific mitochondrial compartment localization, which may lead to improvements in mitochondrial therapeutics. Future perspectives in mitochondrial targeting of drugs and macromolecules will be discussed. Currently this is an under-explored area that is prime for new discoveries in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bruno
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Malena Rabenau
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillips-Universität, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol S Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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226
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Abstract
In the era of biomedicines and engineered carrier systems, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as a promising tool for therapeutic application. Likewise, other therapeutic peptides, successful in vivo application of CPPs will strongly depend on peptide stability, the bottleneck for this type of biodegradable molecules. In this review, the authors describe the current knowledge of the in vivo degradation for known CPPs and the different strategies available to provide a higher resistance to metabolic degradation while preserving cell penetration efficiency. Peptide stability can be improved by different means, either modifying the structure to make it unrecognizable to proteases, or preventing access of proteolytic enzymes by applying conformation restriction or shielding strategies.
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227
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Swiecicki JM, Di Pisa M, Burlina F, Lécorché P, Mansuy C, Chassaing G, Lavielle S. Accumulation of cell-penetrating peptides in large unilamellar vesicles: A straightforward screening assay for investigating the internalization mechanism. Biopolymers 2015; 104:533-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Pascaline Lécorché
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Christelle Mansuy
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Solange Lavielle
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
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228
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Soler M, González-Bártulos M, Figueras E, Ribas X, Costas M, Massaguer A, Planas M, Feliu L. Enzyme-triggered delivery of chlorambucil from conjugates based on the cell-penetrating peptide BP16. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1470-80. [PMID: 25474438 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The undecapeptide KKLFKKILKKL-NH2 (BP16) is a non-toxic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) that is mainly internalized into cancer cells through a clathrin dependent endocytic mechanism and localizes in late endosomes. Moreover, this CPP is able to enhance the cellular uptake of chlorambucil (CLB) improving its cytotoxicity. In this work, we further explored the cell-penetrating properties of BP16 and those of its arginine analogue BP308. We investigated the influence on the cytotoxicity and on the cellular uptake of conjugating CLB at the N- or the C-terminal end of these undecapeptides. The effect of incorporating the cathepsin B-cleavable sequence Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly in CLB-BP16 and CLB-BP308 conjugates was also evaluated. The activity of CLB was significantly improved when conjugated at the N- or the C-terminus of BP16, or at the N-terminus of BP308. While CLB alone was not active (IC50 of 73.7 to >100 μM), the resulting conjugates displayed cytotoxic activity against CAPAN-1, MCF-7, PC-3, 1BR3G and SKMEL-28 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 8.7 to 25.5 μM. These results were consistent with the internalization properties observed for the corresponding 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled conjugates. The presence of the tetrapeptide Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly at either the N- or the C-terminus of CLB-BP16 conjugates further increased the efficacy of CLB (IC50 of 3.6 to 16.2 μM), which could be attributed to its selective release in the lysosomal compartment. Enzymatic assays with cathepsin B showed the release of CLB-Gly-OH from these sequences within a short time. Therefore, the combination of BP16 with an enzymatic cleavable sequence can be used as a drug delivery system for the effective uptake and release of drugs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soler
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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229
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deRonde BM, Torres JA, Minter LM, Tew GN. Development of Guanidinium-Rich Protein Mimics for Efficient siRNA Delivery into Human T Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3172-9. [PMID: 26324222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is gaining attention as a means to explore new molecular pathways and for its potential as a therapeutic; however, its application in immortal and primary T cells is limited due to challenges with efficient delivery in these cell types. Herein, we report the development of guanidinium-rich protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) based on a ring-opening metathesis polymerization scaffold that delivers siRNA into Jurkat T cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Homopolymer and block copolymer PTDMs with varying numbers of guanidinium moieties were designed and tested to assess the effect cationic charge content and the addition of a segregated, hydrophobic block had on siRNA internalization and delivery. Internalization of fluorescently labeled siRNA into Jurkat T cells illustrates that the optimal cationic charge content, 40 charges per polymer, leads to higher efficiencies, with block copolymers outperforming their homopolymer counterparts. PTDMs also outperformed commercial reagents commonly used for siRNA delivery applications. Select PTDM candidates were further screened to assess the role the PTDM structure has on the delivery of biologically active siRNA into primary cells. Specifically, siRNA to hNOTCH1 was delivered to hPBMCs enabling 50-80% knockdown efficiencies, with longer PTDMs showing improved protein reduction. By evaluating the PTDM design parameters for siRNA delivery, more efficient PTDMs were discovered that improved delivery and gene (NOTCH) knockdown in T cells. Given the robust delivery of siRNA by these novel PTDMs, their development should aid in the exploration of T cell molecular pathways leading eventually to new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Joe A Torres
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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230
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Fujisawa K, Humbert-Droz M, Letrun R, Vauthey E, Wesolowski TA, Sakai N, Matile S. Ion Pair−π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11047-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujisawa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Humbert-Droz
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Letrun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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231
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Douat C, Aisenbrey C, Antunes S, Decossas M, Lambert O, Bechinger B, Kichler A, Guichard G. A cell-penetrating foldamer with a bioreducible linkage for intracellular delivery of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11133-7. [PMID: 26246005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in foldamer chemistry, tailored delivery systems based on foldamer architectures, which provide a high level of control over secondary structure, are curiously rare among non-viral technologies for transporting nucleic acids into cells. A potent pH-responsive, bioreducible cell-penetrating foldamer (CPF) was developed through covalent dimerization of a short (8-mer) amphipathic oligourea sequence bearing histidine-type units. This CPF exhibits a high capacity to assemble with pDNA and mediates efficient delivery of nucleic acids into the cell. Furthermore, it does not adversely affect cellular viability and was shown to compare favorably with a cognate peptide transfection agent based on His-rich sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Douat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac (France).,CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac (France)
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Chemistry Institute, University of Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Stéphanie Antunes
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac (France).,CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac (France)
| | - Marion Decossas
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac (France).,Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, All. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac (France)
| | - Olivier Lambert
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac (France).,Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, All. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac (France)
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Chemistry Institute, University of Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7177, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Laboratoire "Vecteurs: Synthèse et Applications Thérapeutiques", UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch cedex (France).
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac (France). .,CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac (France).
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232
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Douat C, Aisenbrey C, Antunes S, Decossas M, Lambert O, Bechinger B, Kichler A, Guichard G. A Cell-Penetrating Foldamer with a Bioreducible Linkage for Intracellular Delivery of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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233
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deRonde BM, Tew GN. Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery. Biopolymers 2015; 104:265-80. [PMID: 25858701 PMCID: PMC4516575 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing delivery agents for therapeutics is an ongoing challenge. As treatments and desired cargoes become more complex, the need for improved delivery vehicles becomes critical. Excellent delivery vehicles must ensure the stability of the cargo, maintain the cargo's solubility, and promote efficient delivery and release. In order to address these issues, many research groups have looked to nature for design inspiration. Proteins, such as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia homeodomain protein, are capable of crossing cellular membranes. However, due to the complexities of their structures, they are synthetically challenging to reproduce in the laboratory setting. Being able to incorporate the key features of these proteins that enable cell entry into simpler scaffolds opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of new delivery reagents with improved performance. This review charts the development of protein mimics based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and how structure-activity relationships (SARs) with these molecules and their protein counterparts ultimately led to the use of polymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds deviate from the normal peptide backbone, allowing for simpler, synthetic procedures to make carriers and tune chemical compositions for application specific needs. Successful design of polymeric protein mimics would allow researchers to further understand the key features in proteins and peptides necessary for efficient delivery and to design the next generation of more efficient delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
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234
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Sacui I, Hsieh WC, Manna A, Sahu B, Ly DH. Gamma Peptide Nucleic Acids: As Orthogonal Nucleic Acid Recognition Codes for Organizing Molecular Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8603-10. [PMID: 26079820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are an attractive platform for organizing molecular self-assembly because of their specific nucleobase interactions and defined length scale. Routinely employed in the organization and assembly of materials in vitro, however, they have rarely been exploited in vivo, due to the concerns for enzymatic degradation and cross-hybridization with the host's genetic materials. Herein we report the development of a tight-binding, orthogonal, synthetically versatile, and informationally interfaced nucleic acid platform for programming molecular interactions, with implications for in vivo molecular assembly and computing. The system consists of three molecular entities: the right-handed and left-handed conformers and a nonhelical domain. The first two are orthogonal to each other in recognition, while the third is capable of binding to both, providing a means for interfacing the two conformers as well as the natural nucleic acid biopolymers (i.e., DNA and RNA). The three molecular entities are prepared from the same monomeric chemical scaffold, with the exception of the stereochemistry or lack thereof at the γ-backbone that determines if the corresponding oligo adopts a right-handed or left-handed helix, or a nonhelical motif. These conformers hybridize to each other with exquisite affinity, sequence selectivity, and level of orthogonality. Recognition modules as short as five nucleotides in length are capable of organizing molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Sacui
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wei-Che Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arunava Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Danith H Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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235
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Wender PA, Jeffreys MS, Raub AG. Tetramethyleneethane Equivalents: Recursive Reagents for Serialized Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9088-93. [PMID: 25961416 PMCID: PMC4772776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
New reactions and reagents that allow
for multiple bond-forming
events per synthetic operation are required to achieve structural
complexity and thus value with step-, time-, cost-, and waste-economy.
Here we report a new class of reagents that function like tetramethyleneethane
(TME), allowing for back-to-back [4 + 2] cycloadditions, thereby amplifying
the complexity-increasing benefits of Diels–Alder and metal-catalyzed
cycloadditions. The parent recursive reagent, 2,3-dimethylene-4-trimethylsilylbutan-1-ol
(DMTB), is readily available from the metathesis of ethylene and THP-protected
4-trimethylsilylbutyn-1-ol. DMTB and related reagents engage diverse
dienophiles in an initial Diels–Alder or metal-catalyzed [4
+ 2] cycloaddition, triggering a subsequent vinylogous Peterson elimination
that recursively generates a new diene for a second cycloaddition.
Overall, this multicomponent catalytic cascade produces in one operation
carbo- and heterobicyclic building blocks for the synthesis of a variety
of natural products, therapeutic leads, imaging agents, and materials.
Its application to the three step synthesis of a new solvatochromic
fluorophore, N-ethyl(6-N,N-dimethylaminoanthracene-2,3-dicarboximide) (6-DMA), and
the photophysical characterization of this fluorophore are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Matthew S Jeffreys
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Andrew G Raub
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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236
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Gasparini G, Sargsyan G, Bang EK, Sakai N, Matile S. Ring Tension Applied to Thiol-Mediated Cellular Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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237
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Gasparini G, Sargsyan G, Bang EK, Sakai N, Matile S. Ring Tension Applied to Thiol-Mediated Cellular Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7328-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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238
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Di Pisa M, Chassaing G, Swiecicki JM. When cationic cell-penetrating peptides meet hydrocarbons to enhance in-cell cargo delivery. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:356-69. [PMID: 25787823 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short sequences often rich in cationic residues with the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes. In the past 20 years, CPPs have gained wide interest and have found numerous applications in the delivery of bioactive cargoes to the cytosol and even the nucleus of living cells. The covalent or non-covalent addition of hydrocarbon moieties to cationic CPPs alters the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance in their sequence. Such perturbation dramatically influences their interaction with the cell membrane, might induce self-assembling properties and modifies their intracellular trafficking. In particular, the introduction of lipophilic moieties changes the subcellular distribution of CPPs and might result in a dramatically increase of the internalization yield of the co-transported cargoes. Herein, we offer an overview of different aspects of the recent findings concerning the properties of CPPs covalently or non-covalently associated to hydrocarbons. We will focus on the impact of the hydrocarbon moieties on the delivery of various cargoes, either covalently or non-covalently bound to the modified CPPs. We will also provide some key elements to rationalize the influence of the hydrocarbons moieties on the cellular uptake. Furthermore, the recent in vitro and in vivo successful applications of acylated CPPs will be summarized to provide a broad view of the versatility of these modified CPPs as small-molecules and oligonucleotides vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, F-75005, France; CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, F-75005, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, F-75005, France
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239
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Abstract
![]()
In 1996,
a snapshot of the field of synthesis was provided by many
of its thought leaders in a Chemical Reviews thematic
issue on “Frontiers in Organic Synthesis”. This Accounts of Chemical Research thematic issue on “Synthesis,
Design, and Molecular Function” is intended to provide further
perspective now from well into the 21st century. Much has happened
in the past few decades. The targets, methods, strategies, reagents,
procedures, goals, funding, practices, and practitioners of synthesis
have changed, some in dramatic ways as documented in impressive contributions
to this issue. However, a constant for most synthesis studies continues
to be the goal of achieving function with synthetic economy. Whether in the form of new catalysts, reagents, therapeutic leads,
diagnostics, drug delivery systems, imaging agents, sensors, materials,
energy generation and storage systems, bioremediation strategies,
or molecules that challenge old theories or test new ones, the function
of a target has been and continues to be a major and compelling justification
for its synthesis. While the targets of synthesis have historically
been heavily represented by natural products, increasingly design,
often inspired by natural structures, is providing a new source of
target structures exhibiting new or natural functions and new or natural
synthetic challenges. Complementing isolation and screening approaches
to new target identification, design enables one to create targets de novo with an emphasis on sought-after function and synthetic
innovation with step-economy. Design provides choice. It allows one
to determine how close a synthesis will come to the ideal synthesis
and how close a structure will come to the ideal function. In
this Account, we address studies in our laboratory on function-oriented
synthesis (FOS), a strategy to achieve
function by design and with synthetic economy. By starting with function
rather than structure, FOS places an initial emphasis on target design,
thereby harnessing the power of chemists and computers to create new
structures with desired functions that could be prepared in a simple,
safe, economical, and green, if not ideal, fashion. Reported herein
are examples of FOS associated with (a) molecular recognition, leading
to the first designed phorbol-inspired protein kinase C regulatory
ligands, the first designed bryostatin analogs, the newest bryologs,
and a new family of designed kinase inhibitors, (b) target modification,
leading to highly simplified but functionally competent photonucleases—molecules
that cleave DNA upon photoactivation, (c) drug delivery, leading to
cell penetrating molecular transporters, molecules that ferry other
attached or complexed molecules across biological barriers, and (d)
new reactivity-regenerating reagents in the form of functional equivalents
of butatrienes, reagents that allow for back-to-back three-component
cycloaddition reactions, thus achieving structural complexity and
value with step-economy. While retrosynthetic analysis seeks to identify
the best way to make a target, retrofunction analysis seeks to identify
the best targets to make. In essence, form (structure) follows function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Ryan V. Quiroz
- Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Matthew C. Stevens
- Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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240
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Murakami T, Okamoto H, Kim H. Internalization of High-density Lipoproteins Bearing Arginine-rich Peptides. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University
| | - Haruki Okamoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University
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241
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LaRochelle JR, Cobb GB, Steinauer A, Rhoades E, Schepartz A. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy reveals highly efficient cytosolic delivery of certain penta-arg proteins and stapled peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2536-2541. [PMID: 25679876 PMCID: PMC4700819 DOI: 10.1021/ja510391n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to accurately and precisely determine the relative efficiencies with which three families of "cell-penetrating peptides" traffic to the cytosol of mammalian cells. We find that certain molecules containing a "penta-arg" motif reach the cytosol, intact, with efficiencies greater than 50%. This value is at least 10-fold higher than that observed for the widely studied cationic sequence derived from HIV Tat or polyarginine Arg8, and equals that of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides that are active in cells and animals. Moreover, we show that the efficiency with which stapled peptides reach the cytosol, as determined by FCS, correlates directly with their efficacy in cell-based assays. We expect that these findings and the associated technology will aid the design of peptides, proteins, and peptide mimetics that predictably and efficiently reach the interior of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. LaRochelle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Garrett B. Cobb
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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242
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deRonde BM, Birke A, Tew GN. Design of aromatic-containing cell-penetrating peptide mimics with structurally modified π electronics. Chemistry 2015; 21:3013-9. [PMID: 25537501 PMCID: PMC4397966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and their synthetic mimics (CPPMs) represent a class of molecules that facilitate the intracellular delivery of various cargo. Previous studies indicated that the presence of aromatic functionalities improved CPPM activity. Given that aromatic functionalities play prominent roles in membrane biology and participate in various π interactions, we explored whether these interactions could be optimized for improved CPPM activity. CPPMs were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization by using monomers that contained aromatic rings substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups and covered an electrostatic potential range from -29.69 to +15.57 kcal mol(-1) . These groups altered the quadrupole moments of the aromatic systems and were used to test if such structural modifications changed CPPM activity. CPPMs were added to dye-loaded vesicles and the release of carboxyfluorescein was monitored as a function of polymer concentration. Changes in the effective polymer concentration to release 50% of the dye (effective concentration, EC50 ) were monitored. Results from this assay showed that the strength of the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups incorporated in the CPPMs did not alter polymer EC50 values or activity. This suggests that other design parameters may have a stronger impact on CPPM activity. In addition, these results indicate that a wide range of aromatic groups can be incorporated without negatively impacting polymer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
| | - Alexander Birke
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, Fax: (+1) 413-545-0082
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243
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Wender PA, Huttner MA, Staveness D, Vargas JR, Xu AF. Guanidinium-Rich, Glycerol-Derived Oligocarbonates: A New Class of Cell-Penetrating Molecular Transporters That Complex, Deliver, and Release siRNA. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:742-50. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melanie A. Huttner
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daryl Staveness
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica R. Vargas
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adele F. Xu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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244
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Chuard N, Gasparini G, Roux A, Sakai N, Matile S. Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: the dependence of activity, depolymerization kinetics and intracellular localization on their length. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:64-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that, with the increasing length, cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s preferably accumulate in the endosomes, cytosol and then the nucleoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chuard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Giulio Gasparini
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
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245
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Gasparini G, Matile S. Protein delivery with cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17160-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s with biotin–streptavidin biotechnology affords a general method for the delivery of proteins into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gasparini
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- NCCR Chemical Biology
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- NCCR Chemical Biology
- University of Geneva
- Geneva
- Switzerland
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246
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Ries O, Carnarius C, Steinem C, Ducho C. Membrane-interacting properties of the functionalised fatty acid moiety of muraymycin antibiotics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simplified model system is introduced to elucidate the significance of the ω-functionalised fatty acid moiety of muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics for membrane interaction and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ries
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Christian Carnarius
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
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247
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Nair JB, Mohapatra S, Ghosh S, Maiti KK. Novel lysosome targeted molecular transporter built on a guanidinium-poly-(propylene imine) hybrid dendron for efficient delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2403-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09829c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new dendron-based octa-guanidine appended molecular transporter with a lysosomal targeted peptide–doxorubicin conjugate. The transporter is found non-toxic, lysosomal selectivity while the conjugate showed significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Kaustabh K. Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
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248
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Song J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Yang X, Ma P, Zhang B, Liu B, Ni J, Wang R. Cell penetrating peptide TAT can kill cancer cells via membrane disruption after attachment of camptothecin. Peptides 2015; 63:143-9. [PMID: 25496911 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of traditional anticancer drugs to cell penetrating peptides is an effective strategy to improve their application in cancer treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the conjugates TAT-CPT and TAT-2CPT by attaching camptothecin (CPT) to the N-terminus of the cell penetrating peptide TAT. Interestingly, we found that TAT-CPT and especially TAT-2CPT could kill cancer cells via membrane disruption, which is similar to antimicrobial peptides. This might be because that CPT could perform as a hydrophobic residue to increase the extent of membrane insertion of TAT and the stability of the pores. In addition, TAT-CPT and TAT-2CPT could also kill cancer cells by the released CPT after they entered cells. Taken together, attachment of CPT could turn cell penetrating peptide TAT into an antimicrobial peptide with a dual mechanism of anticancer action, which presents a new strategy to develop anticancer peptides based on cell penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Beijun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingman Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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249
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Nakase I, Kawaguchi Y, Nomizu M, Futaki S. Cellular Uptake of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides and the Contribution of Membrane-Associated Proteoglycans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2015. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1420.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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250
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Monreal IA, Liu Q, Tyson K, Bland T, Dalisay DS, Adams EV, Wayman GA, Aguilar HC, Saludes JP. Branched dimerization of Tat peptide improves permeability to HeLa and hippocampal neuronal cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5463-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A designed, dimeric analogue of TAT-peptide translocates through HeLa and primary neuronal cell membrane in a non-linear dependence on concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Liu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Katherine Tyson
- Department of Neuroscience
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Tyler Bland
- Department of Neuroscience
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | | | - Erin V. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Gary A. Wayman
- Department of Neuroscience
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
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