201
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Ueda Y. Final-stage Site-selective Acylation for the Total Synthesis of Natural Glycosides. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1631-1639. [PMID: 27904097 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of multifidosides A-C are reported. The prominent feature is an unconventional retrosynthesis based on organocatalytic site-selective acylation of unprotected glycosides at the final stage of synthesis. A notable advantage of this strategy is that it avoids the risks of undesired side reactions during the removal of the protecting groups at the final stage of total synthesis. The proposed synthetic strategy has another advantage in terms of efficient late-stage derivatization of natural products. Due to the predictability and reliability of the catalytic site-selective introduction of various functionalized acyl groups, the present synthetic strategy could provide a general synthetic route to 4-O-acylglycosides, such as phenylethanoid glycosides and ellagitannins, which are of biological interest.
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202
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Seguin TJ, Wheeler SE. Stacking and Electrostatic Interactions Drive the Stereoselectivity of Silylium-Ion Asymmetric Counteranion-Directed Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15889-15893. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Seguin
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77842 USA
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203
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Seguin TJ, Wheeler SE. Stacking and Electrostatic Interactions Drive the Stereoselectivity of Silylium-Ion Asymmetric Counteranion-Directed Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Seguin
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77842 USA
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204
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Leth LA, Glaus F, Meazza M, Fu L, Thøgersen MK, Bitsch EA, Jørgensen KA. Decarboxylative [4+2] Cycloaddition by Synergistic Palladium and Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15272-15276. [PMID: 27897423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel reaction based on synergistic catalysis, combining palladium- and organocatalysis has been developed. The palladium catalyst activates vinyl benzoxazinanones via a decarboxylation to undergo a [4+2] cycloaddition with iminium-ion activated α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction is demonstrated to proceed for a number of combinations of vinyl benzoxazinanones reacting with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, providing highly substituted vinyl tetrahydroquinolines in good to high yields, and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (>98 % ee and >20:1 d.r.). The palladium catalyst used in the synergistic catalysis can be re-used in a one-pot sequential coupling reaction with an aromatic boronic acid forming the coupling product in 95 % yield, >20:1 d.r. and 99 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Leth
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Florian Glaus
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marta Meazza
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Emma A Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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205
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Leth LA, Glaus F, Meazza M, Fu L, Thøgersen MK, Bitsch EA, Jørgensen KA. Decarboxylative [4+2] Cycloaddition by Synergistic Palladium and Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars A. Leth
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Florian Glaus
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Marta Meazza
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Emma A. Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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206
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Feng YA, Qiu H, Yang SS, Du J, Zhang TL. Carbonyl-bridged energetic materials: biomimetic synthesis, organic catalytic synthesis, and energetic performances. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17117-17122. [PMID: 27766333 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03271k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain high-performance energetic materials, in this work, carbonyl groups (C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) have been newly introduced as sole bridging groups in the field of energetic materials. To this end, two tailored green methods for the synthesis of carbonyl-bridged energetic compounds have been developed for the first time. One is a biomimetic synthesis, in which the conversion route of heme to biliverdin has been used to obtain metal-containing energetic compounds. The other one is an organocatalysis, in which guanidinium serves as an energetic catalyst to afford other energetic compounds. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations have shown that carbonyl-bridged energetic compounds exhibit excellent energetic properties, which is promising for the carbonyl group as a new important and effective linker in energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-An Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Sa-Sha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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207
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Arpa EM, Frías M, Alvarado C, Alemán J, Díaz-Tendero S. Weakly bounded intermediates as a previous step towards highly-enantioselective iminium type additions of β-keto-sulfoxides and -sulfones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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208
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Afewerki S, Córdova A. Combinations of Aminocatalysts and Metal Catalysts: A Powerful Cooperative Approach in Selective Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13512-13570. [PMID: 27723291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cooperation and interplay between organic and metal catalyst systems is of utmost importance in nature and chemical synthesis. Here innovative and selective cooperative catalyst systems can be designed by combining two catalysts that complement rather than inhibit one another. This refined strategy can permit chemical transformations unmanageable by either of the catalysts alone. This review summarizes innovations and developments in selective organic synthesis that have used cooperative dual catalysis by combining simple aminocatalysts with metal catalysts. Considerable efforts have been devoted to this fruitful field. This emerging area employs the different activation modes of amine and metal catalysts as a platform to address challenging reactions. Here, aminocatalysis (e.g., enamine activation catalysis, iminium activation catalysis, single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) activation catalysis, and photoredox activation catalysis) is employed to activate unreactive carbonyl substrates. The transition metal catalyst complements by activating a variety of substrates through a range of interactions (e.g., electrophilic π-allyl complex formation, Lewis acid activation, allenylidene complex formation, photoredox activation, C-H activation, etc.), and thereby novel concepts within catalysis are created. The inclusion of heterogeneous catalysis strategies allows for "green" chemistry development, catalyst recyclability, and the more eco-friendly synthesis of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University , SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.,Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University , SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.,Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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209
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Orlandi M, Ceotto M, Benaglia M. Kinetics versus thermodynamics in the proline catalyzed aldol reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5421-5427. [PMID: 30034680 PMCID: PMC6021756 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper the equilibrium properties of the proline catalyzed aldol reaction was studied. The use of well-established methodologies, like reaction progress kinetic analysis and linear free energy relationship analysis, led to the quantification of the reaction reversibility and to its correlation with the substrate electronic activation. Due to these experimental observations, common computational approaches based on a one way transition state analysis become unsuitable. Therefore, a computational model based on the integration of a system of kinetic differential equations associated to the multiple equilibrium reactions was proposed. Such a model was found to successfully rationalize the chemical and stereochemical outcomes of this paradigmatic reaction for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi, 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ;
| | - M Ceotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi, 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ;
| | - M Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi, 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ;
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210
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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211
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Vianello R, Domene C, Mavri J. The Use of Multiscale Molecular Simulations in Understanding a Relationship between the Structure and Function of Biological Systems of the Brain: The Application to Monoamine Oxidase Enzymes. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:327. [PMID: 27471444 PMCID: PMC4945635 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Computational techniques provide accurate descriptions of the structure and dynamics of biological systems, contributing to their understanding at an atomic level.Classical MD simulations are a precious computational tool for the processes where no chemical reactions take place.QM calculations provide valuable information about the enzyme activity, being able to distinguish among several mechanistic pathways, provided a carefully selected cluster model of the enzyme is considered.Multiscale QM/MM simulation is the method of choice for the computational treatment of enzyme reactions offering quantitative agreement with experimentally determined reaction parameters.Molecular simulation provide insight into the mechanism of both the catalytic activity and inhibition of monoamine oxidases, thus aiding in the rational design of their inhibitors that are all employed and antidepressants and antiparkinsonian drugs. Aging society and therewith associated neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive disorders, and Parkinson's disease, urgently require novel drug candidates. Targets include monoamine oxidases A and B (MAOs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and various receptors and transporters. For rational drug design it is particularly important to combine experimental synthetic, kinetic, toxicological, and pharmacological information with structural and computational work. This paper describes the application of various modern computational biochemistry methods in order to improve the understanding of a relationship between the structure and function of large biological systems including ion channels, transporters, receptors, and metabolic enzymes. The methods covered stem from classical molecular dynamics simulations to understand the physical basis and the time evolution of the structures, to combined QM, and QM/MM approaches to probe the chemical mechanisms of enzymatic activities and their inhibition. As an illustrative example, the later will focus on the monoamine oxidase family of enzymes, which catalyze the degradation of amine neurotransmitters in various parts of the brain, the imbalance of which is associated with the development and progression of a range of neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibitors that act mainly on MAO A are used in the treatment of depression, due to their ability to raise serotonin concentrations, while MAO B inhibitors decrease dopamine degradation and improve motor control in patients with Parkinson disease. Our results give strong support that both MAO isoforms, A and B, operate through the hydride transfer mechanism. Relevance of MAO catalyzed reactions and MAO inhibition in the context of neurodegeneration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - Janez Mavri
- Department of Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of ChemistryLjubljana, Slovenia
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212
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Roudier M, Constantieux T, Quintard A, Rodriguez J. Triple Iron/Copper/Iminium Activation for the Efficient Redox Neutral Catalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Allylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Roudier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | | | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
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213
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Georgieva MK, Duarte FJS, Santos AG. Directed electrostatic activation in enantioselective organocatalytic cyclopropanation reactions: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5965-82. [PMID: 27223461 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane rings are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. Their synthesis, by the reaction of sulfur ylides with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, has recently aroused renewed interest after the discovery of efficient catalysis by using (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid. In order to rationalize the behavior of this catalyst, MacMillan proposed a directed electrostatic activation (DEA) mechanism, in which the negative carboxylate group interacts with the positive thionium moiety, thus reducing the activation energy and increasing the reaction rate. More recently, Mayr refuted some of MacMillan conclusions, but accepted the DEA mechanism as a justification for the experimental high reaction rates. In contrast, our results indicate that the selectivity obtained in the process seems to result from several strong hydrogen bond interactions between the two reacting species, while no strong evidence for a DEA mechanism was found. We also concluded that the hydrogen bonds don't improve the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy of the rate-determining step, but can do it by promoting efficient reaction trajectories due to long-range complexation of the reagents. Finally, our results confirm that the cyclopropanation reaction occurs by a two-step mechanism, and that the overall enantioselectivity depends on the relative energies of the two steps, averaged by the relative populations of the iminium intermediates that are initially formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena K Georgieva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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214
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Okada Y, Yamaguchi Y, Ozaki A, Chiba K. Aromatic "Redox Tag"-assisted Diels-Alder reactions by electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6387-6393. [PMID: 28451094 PMCID: PMC5363793 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic Diels–Alder reactions have been designed and demonstrated based on the aromatic “redox tag” concept.
Electrocatalysis was employed to promote Diels–Alder reactions between electronically mismatched substrates. A catalytic amount of electricity was enough to complete the overall reactions and GC-MS monitoring and CV measurements clearly illustrated the electrocatalytic nature of the reactions, which involve an EC-backward-E mechanism. The electrocatalytic Diels–Alder reactions were rationally designed based on the concept of redox tags. The results were supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu , Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan .
| | - Atsushi Ozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu , Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan .
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu , Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan .
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215
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Walden DM, Ogba OM, Johnston RC, Cheong PHY. Computational Insights into the Central Role of Nonbonding Interactions in Modern Covalent Organocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1279-91. [PMID: 27267964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility, complexity, and size of contemporary organocatalytic transformations pose interesting and powerful opportunities to computational and experimental chemists alike. In this Account, we disclose our recent computational investigations of three branches of organocatalysis in which nonbonding interactions, such as C-H···O/N interactions, play a crucial role in the organization of transition states, catalysis, and selectivity. We begin with two examples of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis, both collaborations with the Scheidt laboratory at Northwestern. In the first example, we discuss the discovery of an unusual diverging mechanism in a catalytic kinetic resolution of a dynamic racemate that depends on the stereochemistry of the product being formed. Specifically, the major product is formed through a concerted asynchronous [2 + 2] aldol-lactonization, while the minor products come from a stepwise spiro-lactonization pathway. Stereoselectivity and catalysis are the results of electrophilic activation from C-H···O interactions between the catalyst and the substrate and conjugative stabilization of the electrophile. In the second example, we show how knowledge and understanding of the computed transition states led to the development of a more enantioselective NHC catalyst for the butyrolactonization of acyl phosphonates. The identification of mutually exclusive C-H···O interactions in the computed major and minor TSs directly resulted in structural hypotheses that would lead to targeted destabilization of the minor TS, leading to enhanced stereoinduction. Synthesis and evaluation of the newly designed NHC catalyst validated our hypotheses. Next, we discuss two works related to Lewis base catalysis involving 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and its derivatives. In the first, we discuss our collaboration with the Smith laboratory at St Andrews, in which we discovered the origins of the regioselectivity in carboxyl transfer reactions. We disclose how different Lewis base catalysts (NHC or DMAP) can lead to different regiomeric products as a result of differing magnitudes of aromatic and C-H···O interactions present in the respective transition states. In the second example, we discuss the mechanism and origins of the stereoselectivity of a reaction catalyzed by a planar-chiral 4-(pyrrolidino)pyridine derivative, namely, the coupling of ketenes with cyanopyrrole. We discovered that the chiral base mechanism is operative, in contrast to the originally proposed Brønsted acid mechanism. The selectivity is determined by the ease with which the major and minor TSs can realize strong stabilizing C-H···N interactions between the pyrrole cyano group and the catalyst. These interactions induce increased catalyst distortion in the minor TS, thereby leading to enantioselectivity. Finally, we discuss our computations related to amine-based organocatalysis in collaboration with the Carter laboratory at Oregon State. We probed the mechanism and stereoselectivity of a bifunctional amine thiourea-catalyzed Michael reaction. Our computations led to the design of an improved catalyst. However, synthesis and tests revealed that this catalyst was prone to degradation to side products that also catalyze the reaction, ultimately reducing the observed enantioselectivity. Lastly, we discuss our study of the mechanism and stereoselectivity of a proline sulfonamide-catalyzed Robinson annulation, in which we discovered that the enantioselectivity is controlled by the first Michael step but the diastereoselectivity is controlled by the following Mannich step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Walden
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - O. Maduka Ogba
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ryne C. Johnston
- UT/ORNL
Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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216
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Wang Y, Tang M, Wang Y, Wei D. Insights into Stereoselective Aminomethylation Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde with N,O-Acetal via N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Brønsted Acid/Base Cooperative Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5370-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
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217
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A comprehensive theoretical investigation of the transition states and a proposed kinetic model for the cinchoninium ion asymmetric phase-transfer catalyzed alkylation reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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218
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Halskov KS, Donslund BS, Paz BM, Jørgensen KA. Computational Approach to Diarylprolinol-Silyl Ethers in Aminocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:974-86. [PMID: 27128200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis has witnessed a remarkable development since its "re-birth" in the beginning of the millenium. In this rapidly growing field, computational investigations have proven to be an important contribution for the elucidation of mechanisms and rationalizations of the stereochemical outcomes of many of the reaction concepts developed. The improved understanding of mechanistic details has facilitated the further advancement of the field. The diarylprolinol-silyl ethers have since their introduction been one of the most applied catalysts in asymmetric aminocatalysis due to their robustness and generality. Although aminocatalytic methods at first glance appear to follow relatively simple mechanistic principles, more comprehensive computational studies have shown that this notion in some cases is deceiving and that more complex pathways might be operating. In this Account, the application of density functional theory (DFT) and other computational methods on systems catalyzed by the diarylprolinol-silyl ethers is described. It will be illustrated how computational investigations have shed light on the structure and reactivity of important intermediates in aminocatalysis, such as enamines and iminium ions formed from aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, respectively. Enamine and iminium ion catalysis can be classified as HOMO-raising and LUMO-lowering activation modes. In these systems, the exclusive reactivity through one of the possible intermediates is often a requisite for achieving high stereoselectivity; therefore, the appreciation of subtle energy differences has been vital for the efficient development of new stereoselective reactions. The diarylprolinol-silyl ethers have also allowed for novel activation modes for unsaturated aldehydes, which have opened up avenues for the development of new remote functionalization reactions of poly-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via di-, tri-, and tetraenamine intermediates and vinylogous iminium ions. Computational studies have played a pivotal role in the elucidation of the regioselectivities observed for such systems because these pose a challenge due to the presence of multiple reactive sites in these intermediates. Charge distribution and π-orbital coefficient calculations have been applied to explain the observed regioselectivity of the given reactions. The calculation of more elaborate energetic pathways has allowed for in silico identification of high-energy intermediates, such as zwitterions, and transition-state structures, which have also provided information on the driving force controlling the reaction course and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Matos Paz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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219
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Sunoj RB. Transition State Models for Understanding the Origin of Chiral Induction in Asymmetric Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1019-28. [PMID: 27101013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In asymmetric catalysis, a chiral catalyst bearing chiral center(s) is employed to impart chirality to developing stereogenic center(s). A rich and diverse set of chiral catalysts is now available in the repertoire of synthetic organic chemistry. The most recent trends point to the emergence of axially chiral catalysts based on binaphthyl motifs, in particular, BINOL-derived phosphoric acids and phosphoramidites. More fascinating ideas took shape in the form of cooperative multicatalysis wherein organo- and transition-metal catalysts are made to work in concert. At the heart of all such manifestations of asymmetric catalysis, classical or contemporary, is the stereodetermining transition state, which holds a perennial control over the stereochemical outcome of the catalytic process. Delving one step deeper, one would find that the origin of the stereoselectivity is delicately dependent on the relative stabilization of one transition state, responsible for the formation of the predominant stereoisomer, over the other transition state for the minor stereoisomer. The most frequently used working hypothesis to rationalize the experimentally observed stereoselectivity places an undue emphasis on steric factors and tends to regard the same as the origin of facial discrimination between the prochiral faces of the reacting partners. In light of the increasing number of asymmetric catalysts that rely on hydrogen bonding as well as other weak non-covalent interactions, it is important to take cognizance of the involvement of such interactions in the sterocontrolling transition states. Modern density functional theories offer a pragmatic and effective way to capture non-covalent interactions in transition states. Aided by the availability of such improved computational tools, it is quite timely that the molecular origin of stereoselectivity is subjected to more intelligible analysis. In this Account, we describe interesting molecular insights into the stereocontrolling transition states of five reaction types, three of which provide access to chiral quaternary carbon atoms. While each reaction has its own utility and interest, the focus of our research has been on the mechanism and the origin of the enantio- and diastereoselectivity. In all of the examples, such as asymmetric diamination, sulfoxidation, allylation, and Wacker-type ring expansion, the role played by non-covalent interactions in the stereocontrolling transition states has been identified as crucial. The transfer of the chiral information from the chiral catalyst to the product is identified as taking place through a series of non-covalent interactions between the catalyst and a given position/orientation of the substrate in the chiral environment offered by the axially chiral catalyst. The molecular insights enunciated herein allude to abundant opportunities for rational modifications of the present generation of catalysts and the choice of substrates in these as well as related families of reactions. It is our intent to propose that the domain of asymmetric catalysis could enjoy additional benefits by having knowledge of the vital stereoelectronic interactions in the stereocontrolling transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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220
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Wheeler SE, Seguin TJ, Guan Y, Doney AC. Noncovalent Interactions in Organocatalysis and the Prospect of Computational Catalyst Design. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1061-9. [PMID: 27110641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in organic systems, and can play decisive roles in the outcome of asymmetric organocatalytic reactions. Their prevalence, combined with the often subtle line separating favorable dispersion interactions from unfavorable steric interactions, often complicates the identification of the particular noncovalent interactions responsible for stereoselectivity. Ultimately, the stereoselectivity of most organocatalytic reactions hinges on the balance of both favorable and unfavorable noncovalent interactions in the stereocontrolling transition state (TS). In this Account, we provide an overview of our attempts to understand the role of noncovalent interactions in organocatalyzed reactions and to develop new computational tools for organocatalyst design. Following a brief discussion of noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings and the associated challenges capturing these effects computationally, we summarize two examples of chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed reactions in which noncovalent interactions play pivotal, although somewhat unexpected, roles. In the first, List's catalytic asymmetric Fischer indole reaction, we show that both π-stacking and CH/π interactions of the substrate with the 3,3'-aryl groups of the catalyst impact the stability of the stereocontrolling TS. However, these noncovalent interactions oppose each other, with π-stacking interactions stabilizing the TS leading to one enantiomer and CH/π interactions preferentially stabilizing the competing TS. Ultimately, the CH/π interactions dominate and, when combined with hydrogen bonding interactions, lead to preferential formation of the observed product. In the second example, a series of phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric ring openings of meso-epoxides, we show that noncovalent interactions of the substrates with the 3,3'-aryl groups of the catalyst play only an indirect role in stereoselectivity. Instead, the stereoselectivity of these reactions are driven by the electrostatic stabilization of a fleeting partial positive charge in the SN2-like transition state by the chiral electrostatic environment of the phosphoric acid catalyst. Next, we describe our studies of bipyridine N-oxide and N,N'-dioxide catalyzed alkylation reactions. Based on several examples, we demonstrate that there are many potential arrangements of ligands around a hexacoordinate silicon in the stereocontrolling TS, and one must consider all of these in order to identify the lowest-lying TS structures. We also present a model in which electrostatic interactions between a formyl CH group and a chlorine in these TSs underlie the enantioselectivity of these reactions. Finally, we discuss our efforts to develop computational tools for the screening of potential organocatalyst designs, starting in the context of bipyridine N,N'-dioxide catalyzed alkylation reactions. Our new computational tool kit (AARON) has been used to design highly effective catalysts for the asymmetric propargylation of benzaldehyde, and is currently being used to screen catalysts for other reactions. We conclude with our views on the potential roles of computational chemistry in the future of organocatalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842 United States
| | - Trevor J. Seguin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842 United States
| | - Yanfei Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842 United States
| | - Analise C. Doney
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842 United States
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221
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Peng Q, Paton RS. Catalytic Control in Cyclizations: From Computational Mechanistic Understanding to Selectivity Prediction. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1042-51. [PMID: 27137131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This Account describes the use of quantum-chemical calculations to elucidate mechanisms and develop catalysts to accomplish highly selective cyclization reactions. Chemistry is awash with cyclic molecules, and the creation of rings is central to organic synthesis. Cyclization reactions, the formation of rings by the reaction of two ends of a linear precursor, have been instrumental in the development of predictive models for chemical reactivity, from Baldwin's classification and rules for ring closure to the Woodward and Hoffmann rules based on the conservation of orbital symmetry and beyond. Ring formation provides a productive and fertile testing ground for the exploration of catalytic mechanisms and chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity using computational and experimental approaches. This Account is organized around case studies from our laboratory and illustrates the ways in which computations provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of catalysis in 5-endo cyclizations and how computational predictions can lead to the development of new catalysts for enhanced stereoselectivities in asymmetric cycloisomerizations. We have explored the extent to which several cation-directed 5-endo ring-closing reactions may be considered as electrocyclic and demonstrated that reaction pathways and magnetic parameters of transition structures computed using quantum chemistry are inconsistent with this notion, instead favoring a polar mechanism. A rare example of selectivity in favor of 5-endo-trig ring closure is shown to result from subtle substrate effects that bias the reactant conformation out-of-plane, limiting the involvement of cyclic conjugation. The mode of action of a chiral ammonium counterion was deduced via conformational sampling of the transition state assembly and involves coordination to the substrate via a series of nonclassical hydrogen bonds. We describe how computational mechanistic understanding has led directly to the discovery of new catalyst structures for enantioselective cycloisomerizations. Calculations have revealed that stepwise C-C bond formation and proton transfer dictate the exclusive endo diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular Michael addition to form 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeletons catalyzed by primary amines. These insights have led to development of a highly enantioselective catalyst with higher atom economy than previous generations. This Account also explores transition-metal-catalyzed cycloisomerizations, where our theoretical investigations have uncovered an unexpected reaction pathway in the [5 + 2] cycloisomerization of ynamides. This has led to the design of new phosphoramidite ligands to enable double-stereodifferentiating cycloisomerizations in both matched and mismatched catalyst-substrate settings. Computational understanding of the factors responsible for the regio-, enantio-, and diasterocontrol is shown to generate tangible predictions leading to an acceleration of catalyst development for selective cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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222
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Morcillo SP, Presset M, Floquet S, Coeffard V, Greck C, Bour C, Gandon V. Site-Selective Calcium-Catalyzed/Organocatalyzed Condensation of Propargyl Alcohols Tethered to β-Keto Esters. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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223
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Lam YH, Grayson MN, Holland MC, Simon A, Houk KN. Theory and Modeling of Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:750-62. [PMID: 26967569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern density functional theory and powerful contemporary computers have made it possible to explore complex reactions of value in organic synthesis. We describe recent explorations of mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivities with density functional theory calculations. The specific functionals and basis sets that are routinely used in computational studies of stereoselectivities of organic and organometallic reactions in our group are described, followed by our recent studies that uncovered the origins of stereocontrol in reactions catalyzed by (1) vicinal diamines, including cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amines, (2) vicinal amidophosphines, and (3) organo-transition-metal complexes. Two common cyclic models account for the stereoselectivity of aldol reactions of metal enolates (Zimmerman-Traxler) or those catalyzed by the organocatalyst proline (Houk-List). Three other models were derived from computational studies described in this Account. Cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amines and other vicinal diamines are venerable asymmetric organocatalysts. For α-fluorinations and a variety of aldol reactions, vicinal diamines form enamines at one terminal amine and activate electrophilically with NH(+) or NF(+) at the other. We found that the stereocontrolling transition states are cyclic and that their conformational preferences are responsible for the observed stereoselectivity. In fluorinations, the chair seven-membered cyclic transition states is highly favored, just as the Zimmerman-Traxler chair six-membered aldol transition state controls stereoselectivity. In aldol reactions with vicinal diamine catalysts, the crown transition states are favored, both in the prototype and in an experimental example, shown in the graphic. We found that low-energy conformations of cyclic transition states occur and control stereoselectivities in these reactions. Another class of bifunctional organocatalysts, the vicinal amidophosphines, catalyzes the (3 + 2) annulation reaction of allenes with activated olefins. Stereocontrol here is due to an intermolecular hydrogen bond that activates the electrophilic partner in this reaction. We have also studied complex organometallic catalysts. Krische's ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrohydroxyalkylation of butadiene involves two chiral ligands at Ru, a chiral diphosphine and a chiral phosphate. The size of this combination strains the limits of modern computations with over 160 atoms, multiple significant steps, and a variety of ligand coordinations and conformations possible. We found that carbon-carbon bond formation occurs via a chair Zimmerman-Traxler-type transition structure and that a formyl CH···O hydrogen bond from aldehyde CH to phosphate oxygen, as well as steric interactions of the two chiral ligands, control the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Mareike C. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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224
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Kwon SJ, Kim DY. Organo- and Organometallic-Catalytic Intramolecular [1,5]-Hydride Transfer/Cyclization Process through C(sp3)-H Bond Activation. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1191-203. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry; Soonchunhyang University; Asan Chungnam 31538
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Soonchunhyang University; Asan Chungnam 31538
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225
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Taimoory SM, Dudding T. An Evolving Insight into Chiral H-Bond Catalyzed Aza-Henry Reactions: A Cooperative Role for Noncovalent Attractive Interactions Unveiled by Density Functional Theory. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3286-95. [PMID: 27008440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of cooperative effects arising from noncovalent attractive interactions as a vital factor governing stereoinduction in chiral H-bond catalyzed aza-Henry reactions is reported. Supporting this finding were density functional theory (DFT) calculations which revealed a shape and size dependency existed between the catalyst and substrates that when matched lead to high enantioselectivity, as reflected by favorable activation parameters. Associated with optimal catalyst and substrate pairing were a closed catalytic binding pocket and a synclinal orientation of the substrates that reinforced favorable stereoelectronic effects and dispersive type forces. Meanwhile, unfavorable steric interactions were found to be a dominant effect controlling diastereoselection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Dudding
- Brock University , 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1 Canada
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226
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Correia JTM, Acconcia LV, Coelho F. Studies on Pumiliotoxin A Alkaloids: An Approach to Preparing the Indolizidinic Core by Intramolecular Diastereoselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Benzoin Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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227
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DEKA KAUSTAVMONI, PHUKAN PRODEEP. DFT analysis of the nucleophilicity of substituted pyridines and prediction of new molecules having nucleophilic character stronger than 4-pyrrolidino pyridine. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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228
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Chen J, Guo W, Xia Y. Computational Revisit to the β-Carbon Elimination Step in Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Cycloaddition Reactions of N-Phenoxyacetamide and Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2635-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- College of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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229
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Filatova EV, Turova OV, Kuchurov IV, Kostenko AA, Nigmatov AG, Zlotin SG. Asymmetric catalytic synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines in supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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230
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Milbeo P, Maurent K, Moulat L, Lebrun A, Didierjean C, Aubert E, Martinez J, Calmès M. N-Pyrrolidine-based α/β-peptides incorporating ABOC, a constrained bicyclic β-amino acid, for asymmetric aldol reaction catalysis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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231
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Obora Y. C-Alkylation by Hydrogen Autotransfer Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:11. [PMID: 27573136 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of practical, efficient, and atom-economical methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds remains a topic of considerable interest in current synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, we have summarized selected topics from the recent literature with particular emphasis on C-alkylation processes involving hydrogen transfer using alcohols as alkylation reagents. This review includes selected highlights concerning recent progress towards the modification of catalytic systems for the α-alkylation of ketones, nitriles, and esters. Furthermore, we have devoted a significant portion of this review to the methylation of ketones, alcohols, and indoles using methanol. Lastly, we have also documented recent advances in β-alkylation methods involving the dimerization of alcohols (Guerbet reaction), as well as new developments in C-alkylation methods based on sp (3) C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.
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232
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Kamachi T, Yoshizawa K. Low-Mode Conformational Search Method with Semiempirical Quantum Mechanical Calculations: Application to Enantioselective Organocatalysis. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:347-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kamachi
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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233
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Liu C, Besora M, Maseras F. Computational Characterization of the Origin of Selectivity in Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by Phosphoric Acid Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:411-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University of China; No. 88 Bayi Road Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Maria Besora
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Catalonia Spain
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
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234
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Zhang JT, Wang HY, Zhang X, Zhang F, Guo YL. Study of short-lived and early reaction intermediates in organocatalytic asymmetric amination reactions by ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of the reactive intermediates in organocatalytic asymmetric amination reactions by reactive SAESI coupled to ion-mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310035
- China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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235
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Mahmood A, Longo RL. Structural and relative energy assessments of DFT functionals and the MP2 method to describe the gas phase methylation of nitronates: [R1R2CNO2]− + CH3I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17062-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures and energetics of CH3I + [R1R2CNO2]− gas phase C- and O-methylation reactions were computed with several functionals and ECP/basis sets and compared to CCSD(T)/CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Mahmood
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Cidade Universitária
- Recife
| | - Ricardo L. Longo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Cidade Universitária
- Recife
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236
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Tan Z, Jiang H, Zhang M. A novel iridium/acid co-catalyzed transfer hydrogenative C(sp3)–H bond alkylation to access functionalized N-heteroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9359-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03996k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A transfer hydrogenative coupling strategy, enabling direct alkylation of C(sp3)–H bonds and atom-economic access to functionalized N-heteroaromatics, has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
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237
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Qiao Y, Yang W, Wei D, Chang J. Theoretical investigations toward TMEDA-catalyzed [2 + 4] annulation of allenoate with 1-aza-1,3-diene: mechanism, regioselectivity, and role of the catalyst. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational study on the reaction between allenoate and 1-aza-1,3-diene catalyzed by TMEDA has been performed using the DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Wanjing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Department of Pathophysiology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
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238
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Chang XP, Zheng Y, Cui G, Fang WH, Thiel W. Photocycloaddition reaction of atropisomeric maleimides: mechanism and selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24713-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a density functional study on the mechanism of the [2+2] photocyclization of atropisomeric maleimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mlheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mlheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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239
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Zheng L, Tang M, Wang Y, Guo X, Wei D, Qiao Y. A DFT study on PBu3-catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations of N-allylic substituted α-amino nitriles for the formation of functionalized pyrrolidines: mechanisms, selectivities, and the role of catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3130-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms and stereoselectivities of PBu3-catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations for the formation of functionalized pyrrolidines have been investigated using a DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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240
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Allingham MT, Bennett EL, Davies DH, Harper PM, Howard-Jones A, Mehdar YT, Murphy PJ, Thomas DA, Caulkett PW, Potter D, Lam CM, O'Donoghue AC. Synthesis, applications and mechanistic investigations of C2 symmetric guanidinium salts. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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241
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An Investigation of the Enolization and Isomeric Products Distribution in the Water Promoted Aldol Reaction of Tropinone and Granatanone. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4674901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exo,anti/exo,syn-diastereoselectivity of water promoted direct aldol reactions of tropinone and granatanone (pseudopelletierine) is strongly dependent on the amount of water added and aromatic aldehyde used. DFT methods were applied to calculate the free energies of tropinone and granatanone enols, transition states, and isomeric aldol products. A theoretical model was verified by comparison of results from several DFT methods and functionals with experiments. The 6-31g(d)/CPCM method proved most suited to the problem, although all methods tested predicted similar trends. Explicit inclusion of a water molecule bonded to the amino ketones resulted in increased stability of the enol forms. The dependence of the anti/syn-diastereoselectivity on the amount of water used may be rationalized on the basis of change in the polarity of the reaction medium. The predicted stabilities of competing products agreed with experimental results supporting the notion of thermodynamic control. The isomeric products distributions for the aldol reaction of several aromatic aldehydes in solventless (neat) conditions were accurately calculated from free energies of the aldol addition step in the gas phase using B3LYP/6-31g(d) method and in aqueous conditions using the CPCM-B3LYP/6-31g(d) model. Our methodology can be useful for predicting the outcome of this type of aldol reactions.
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242
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Barrios Antúnez DJ, Greenhalgh MD, Fallan C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans using a Brønsted base/thiourea bifunctional catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7268-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives via intramolecular Michael addition has been developed using a bifunctional tertiary amine–thiourea catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
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243
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Andreini M, Chapellas F, Diab S, Pasturaud K, Piettre SR, Legros J, Chataigner I. Addition of 4-(cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)morpholine on 3-nitroindole: an unprecedented dearomatizing process. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2833-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic enamine2aadd spontaneously on nitroindole1to form a dearomatized formal ene adduct3a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Diab
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Univ Rouen
- CNRS
| | | | | | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Univ Rouen
- CNRS
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244
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Johnson S, Tanaka F. Direct synthesis of C-glycosides from unprotected 2-N-acyl-aldohexoses via aldol condensation–oxa-Michael reactions with unactivated ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:259-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-glycosides were synthesized from unprotected 2-N-acyl-aldohexoses and unactivated ketones in one pot via aldol condensation–oxa-Michael reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherida Johnson
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Onna
- Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Onna
- Japan
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245
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Satpathi B, Ramasastry SSV. Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of β,β-Disubstituted Enones: An Enantioselective Organocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b
]annulated Arenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manuali PO Punjab 140306 India
| | - S. S. V. Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manuali PO Punjab 140306 India
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246
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Satpathi B, Ramasastry SSV. Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of β,β-Disubstituted Enones: An Enantioselective Organocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]annulated Arenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1777-81. [PMID: 26695866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective organocatalytic intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction of sterically highly demanding β,β-disubstituted enones is presented. The MBH reaction of β,β-disubstituted-α,β-unsaturated electron-withdrawing systems was previously considered to be unfeasible. Towards this end, designer substrates, which under simple and practical reaction conditions generate a variety of cyclopenta[b]annulated arenes and heteroarenes in excellent enantiopurities and near-quantitative yields in remarkably short reaction times, are described. The reason for the unusually facile nature of this reaction is attributed to the synergy guided and entropically favored intramolecular reaction. Further, this strategy provides easy access to a substantial number of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically significant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manuali PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manuali PO, Punjab, 140306, India. ,
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247
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Dai W, Jiang XL, Tao JY, Shi F. Application of 3-Methyl-2-vinylindoles in Catalytic Asymmetric Povarov Reaction: Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Indole-Derived Tetrahydroquinolines. J Org Chem 2015; 81:185-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry
for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jiang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry
for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ji-Yu Tao
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry
for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry
for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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248
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Theoretical and experimental studies of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene-catalyzed ring opening/ring closure reaction mechanism for 5-, 6- and 7-membered cyclic esters and carbonates. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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249
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Bhaskararao B, Sunoj RB. Origin of Stereodivergence in Cooperative Asymmetric Catalysis with Simultaneous Involvement of Two Chiral Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15712-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangaru Bhaskararao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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250
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Zlotin SG, Kochetkov SV. C2-Symmetric diamines and their derivatives as promising organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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