201
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Kamimura M, Miyamoto D, Saito Y, Soga K, Nagasaki Y. Design of poly(ethylene glycol)/streptavidin coimmobilized upconversion nanophosphors and their application to fluorescence biolabeling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8864-70. [PMID: 18652424 DOI: 10.1021/la801056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Infrared-to-visible upconversion phosphors (i.e., rare earth ion-doped Y2O3 nanoparticles (UNPs)) were synthesized by the homogeneous precipitation method. Because the charge on the erbium (Er) ion-doped Y2O3 (Y2O3:Er) NP (UNP1) surface is positive under neutral conditions, the UNP1 surface was electrostatically PEGylated using negatively charged poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEG- b-PAAc). The adsorption of PEG- b-PAAc was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface charge of the PEGylated UNP1s (PEG-UNP1s) was effectively shielded by the PEGylation. The dispersion stability of the UNP1s was also significantly improved by the PEGylation. The PEG-UNP1s were dispersed over 1 week under physiological conditions as a result of the steric repulsion between the PEG chains on the UNP1 surface. The upconversion emission spectrum of PEG-UNP1s was observed under physiological conditions and was confirmed by near-infrared excited fluorescence microscope observation. Streptavidin (SA)-installed ytterbium (Yb) and Er ion-codoped Y2O3 (Y2O3:Yb,Er) NPs (UNP2s) were prepared by the coimmobilization of PEG- b-PAAc and streptavidin. The PEG/SA coimmobilized UNP2s (PEG/SA-UNP2s) specifically recognized biotinylated antibodies and emitted strong upconversion luminescence upon near-infrared excitation. The obtained PEG/streptavidin coimmobilized UNPs are promising as high-performance near-infrared biolabeling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kamimura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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202
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Lv J, Jiang L, Li C, Liu X, Yuan M, Xu J, Zhou W, Song Y, Liu H, Li Y, Zhu D. Large third-order optical nonlinear effects of gold nanoparticles with unusual fluorescence enhancement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8297-8302. [PMID: 18582140 DOI: 10.1021/la801000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The third-order nonlinear optical properties of two solutions of gold nanoparticles protected by carbazolyldiacetylene derivatives were investigated using the Z-scan technique. Both gold nanoparticle colloid solutions in toluene show unusual fluorescent enhancement and large third-order nonlinear optical properties including nonlinear absorption and refractive effects. When extending the pi-conjugated length of the ligands, the third-order nonlinear properties of composite materials based on gold nanoparticles were enhanced accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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203
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Ling J, Sang Y, Huang CZ. Visual colorimetric detection of berberine hydrochloride with silver nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:860-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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204
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Wei H, Chen C, Han B, Wang E. Enzyme Colorimetric Assay Using Unmodified Silver Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7051-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801144t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Chaogui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Bingyan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
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205
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Abstract
The widespread use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as labels in diagnostics and detection is due to a unique combination of chemical and physical properties that allow biological molecules to be detected at low concentrations. In this critical review detection methods based on GNPs are divided up and discussed based on the way in which signals are generated in response to specific target molecules. Particular attention is devoted to methods that allow target molecules to be detected with the unaided eye because these, more than any other, harness the full range of properties that make GNPs unique. Methods that are discussed include those in which specific target molecules induce a visible colour change, chromatographic methods that allow non-specialized users to perform sophisticated tests without additional equipment and methods in which trace amounts of GNPs are rendered visible to the unaided eye by catalytic deposition of a metal such as silver. The use of metal deposition as a means of enhancing the signal for optical and electrical detection is also reviewed. The other detection methods included in this review are based on interactions between GNPs and molecules located in close proximity to their surface. These include methods in which light emission from such molecules is enhanced (surface enhanced Raman scattering) or quenched (fluorescence), and methods in which the accumulation of specific target molecules induce subtle changes in the extinction spectra of GNPs that can be followed in real time with inexpensive equipment (166 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK L69 7ZD
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206
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Chien YY, Jan MD, Adak AK, Tzeng HC, Lin YP, Chen YJ, Wang KT, Chen CT, Chen CC, Lin CC. Globotriose-functionalized gold nanoparticles as multivalent probes for Shiga-like toxin. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1100-9. [PMID: 18398881 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Compared to monovalent carbohydrates, multivalent carbohydrate ligands exhibit significantly enhanced binding affinities to their interacting proteins. Here, we report globotriose (P(k) ligand)-functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probes for the investigation of multivalent interactions with the B(5) subunit of Shiga-like toxin I (B-Slt). Six P(k)-ligand-encapsulated AuNPs (P(k)-AuNPs) of varying particle size and linker length were synthesized and evaluated for their potential as multivalent affinity probes by using a surface plasmon resonance competition assay. The affinity of these probes for the interacting proteins was greatly affected by nanoparticle size, linker length, and ligand density on nanoparticle surface. For example, the 20-nm 20-P(k)-l-AuNP, which had a relatively long linker showed a >10(8)-fold increase in affinity compared with the mono P(k) ligand. This intrinsic high-affinity AuNP probe specifically captured the recombinant B-Slt from Escherichia coli lysate, and the resulting purity of the B-Slt was >95 %. We also developed a robust P(k)-AuNP-based detection method for Slt-I by combining the technique with silver enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Yih Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, and Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 128 Taipei, Taiwan
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207
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Luo PG, Stutzenberger FJ. Nanotechnology in the detection and control of microorganisms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2008; 63:145-81. [PMID: 18395127 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(07)00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju G Luo
- Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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208
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Earhart C, Jana NR, Erathodiyil N, Ying JY. Synthesis of carbohydrate-conjugated nanoparticles and quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6215-6219. [PMID: 18479151 DOI: 10.1021/la800066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based probes are emerging as alternatives to molecular probes due to their various advantages, such as bright and tunable optical property, enhanced chemical and photochemical stability, and ease of introduction of multifunctionality. This work presents a simple and general approach for functionalizing various nanoparticle systems for use as glycobiological probes. Silica-coated nanoparticles of Ag, Fe3O4, and ZnS-CdSe were synthesized and functionalized with dextran. The resulting 10-40-nm-sized particles were robust, water-soluble, colloidally stable, and biochemically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Earhart
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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209
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Nagasaki Y. PEG-b-polyamine Stabilized Bionanoparticles for Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapy. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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210
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Yuan X, Iijima M, Oishi M, Nagasaki Y. Structure and activity assay of nanozymes prepared by the coimmobilization of practically useful enzymes and hydrophilic block copolymers on gold nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6903-6909. [PMID: 18510375 DOI: 10.1021/la7039288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme/polymer/gold nanoparticle hybrids, called "nanozymes", were prepared and structurally analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and zeta-potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, which showed that the nanozyme particles were mainly composed of a single gold nanoparticle, on whose surface the enzyme and polymer were coimmobilized. This kind of structure resulted in the high dispersion stability of the nanozyme under various conditions, accompanied by improved thermal stability of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yuan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8753, Japan
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211
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Miyamoto D, Oishi M, Kojima K, Yoshimoto K, Nagasaki Y. Completely dispersible PEGylated gold nanoparticles under physiological conditions: modification of gold nanoparticles with precisely controlled PEG-b-polyamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5010-5017. [PMID: 18386943 DOI: 10.1021/la703813f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble, biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly((2-N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PAMA), possessing controlled molecular weight with a narrow molecular weight distribution, was synthesized by the atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. PEG-b-PAMA having a short PAMA chain length was successfully synthesized under suitable polymerization conditions. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were modified using PEG-b-PAMA prepared under a variety of PEGylation conditions. Under alkaline conditions (pH >10) and an [N]/[GNP] ratio of more than 3300, the PEGylated GNPs (PEG-GNPs) showed complete dispersion stability, avoiding coagulation. The amino groups of the PAMA segment of the block copolymers were completely deprotonated above pH 10. This means that PEG-b-PAMA interacted with the GNP surface via multipoint coordination of the tertiary amino groups of PAMA, not electrostatically. The effect of the number of amino groups in the PAMA segment on GNP surface modifications was investigated by zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. When the PEG-GNPs were prepared in excess polymer solution, almost the same diameter was observed regardless of the PAMA chain length. After the PEG-GNPs were purified by centrifugation, the zeta potentials of all PEG-GNPs were shielded to almost 0 mV, indicating the effective modifications of the GNP surface by PEG-b-PAMA regardless of the chain length. However, the particle size and particle size distribution of the purified PEG-GNPs were strongly affected by the PAMA chain length. PEG-GNPs with longer PAMA segments underwent coagulation after purification, whereas PEG-GNPs with shorter PAMA segments increased their dispersion stability. The experimental results of the thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed that the PEG density on the GNP surface increased as the AMA units decreased to 3. Thus, the dispersion stability depended significantly on the PEG density on the GNP surface. GNPs modified with PEG-b-PAMA having short AMA units showed excellent dispersion stability under a variety of pH conditions. The excellent dispersion stability of the obtained PEG-GNP was also confirmed both in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and 95% human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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212
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Youk KS, Kim KM, Chatterjee A, Ahn KH. Selective recognition of fumarate from maleate with a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensing system. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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213
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Xu H, Jin JK, Mao Y, Sun JZ, Yang F, Zhang Yuan W, Dong YQ, Wang M, Tang BZ. Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Polyacetylenes and Fabrication of Their Hybrids with ZnO Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702337z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Ke Jin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Qiang Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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214
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Lin CAJ, Sperling RA, Li JK, Yang TY, Li PY, Zanella M, Chang WH, Parak WJ. Design of an amphiphilic polymer for nanoparticle coating and functionalization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:334-41. [PMID: 18273855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-An J Lin
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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215
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Zako T, Nagata H, Terada N, Sakono M, Soga K, Maeda M. Improvement of dispersion stability and characterization of upconversion nanophosphors covalently modified with PEG as a fluorescence bioimaging probe. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2008; 43:5325-5330. [PMID: 36039174 PMCID: PMC9403651 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-2776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting (UC) phosphors (UCPs) are ceramic materials doped with rare earth ions. These materials can absorb and upconvert infrared (IR) radiation to emit visible light by the stepwise excitation among discrete energy levels of the rare earth ions. UCPs are potentially useful reagents for use in bioimaging since the use of low energy photons avoids photo-toxicity. The use of UCP nanoparticles as bioimaging probes requires surface modifications in an effort to improve dispersion stability in aqueous milieu. In this study, we covalently attached poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the surface of Er-doped Y2O3 nanoparticles and firstly demonstrated that PEG covalently bound to the Y2O3 surface markedly improved dispersion stability in water. UC emission of PEG-modified Er-Y2O3 nanoparticles excited with IR light was successfully observed. We also showed that PEG-modified Er-Y2O3 nanoparticles exhibit no cell-toxicity. These observations lend strong support to the potential use of PEG-modified UCP nanoparticles as bioimaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Zako
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nagata
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Naofumi Terada
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakono
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kohei Soga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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216
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Kikkeri R, Hossain LH, Seeberger PH. Supramolecular one-pot approach to fluorescent glycodendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2127-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b802177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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217
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Rucareanu S, Maccarini M, Shepherd JL, Lennox RB. Polymer-capped gold nanoparticles by ligand-exchange reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b806375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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218
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NAGASAKI Y. Design of Porous Inorganic Nanoparticles Hybridized with Acetal-PEG-b-Polyamine Block Copolymers for High Performance Drug Carrier. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.65.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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219
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Schofield CL, Mukhopadhyay B, Hardy SM, McDonnell MB, Field RA, Russell DA. Colorimetric detection of Ricinus communis Agglutinin 120 using optimally presented carbohydrate-stabilised gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2008; 133:626-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b715250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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220
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Yoshimoto K, Hoshino Y, Ishii T, Nagasaki Y. Binding enhancement of antigen-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles onto antibody-immobilized surface by increasing the functionalized antigen using α-sulfanyl-ω-amino-PEG. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5369-71. [DOI: 10.1039/b811818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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221
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Thompson M, Vadala T, Vadala M, Lin Y, Riffle J. Synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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222
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Narain R, Housni A, Gody G, Boullanger P, Charreyre MT, Delair T. Preparation of biotinylated glyconanoparticles via a photochemical process and study of their bioconjugation to streptavidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12835-12841. [PMID: 17994777 DOI: 10.1021/la702378n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report here the preparation of novel biotinylated glyconanoparticles from well-defined biotinylated glycopolymers and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) synthesized via the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process. The in situ reduction of the biotinylated glycopolymers, PNIPAAm, poly(ethylene glycol), and HAuCl4 via a photochemical process resulted in the formation of biotinylated gold nanoparticles. The multifunctional biotinylated glyconanoparticles were then evaluated for their bioconjugation toward streptavidin using UV-vis spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The biotinylated nanoparticles underwent aggregation in the presence of streptavidin as revealed by spectrophotometry, which indicates the accessibility of the biotin for conjugation. These results were further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance even in the case of surface-immobilized streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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223
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Jena BK, Raj CR. Optical sensing of biomedically important polyionic drugs using nano-sized gold particles. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:1285-90. [PMID: 18191561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple optical method for the sensing of biomedically important polyionic drugs, protamine and heparin based on the reversible aggregation and de-aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is described. The polycationic protamine induces the aggregation of negatively charged citrate-stabilized AuNPs, resulting in a shift in the surface plasmon (SP) band and a consequent color change of the AuNPs from red to blue. Addition of polyanionic heparin dissipates the aggregated AuNPs due to its strong affinity to protamine and the blue color changes to the native color. The color change was monitored using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The aggregation and de-aggregation was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. The degree of aggregation and de-aggregation is proportional to the concentration of added protamine and heparin, allowing their quantitative detection. The change in the absorbance and SP band position has been used to monitor the concentration of protamine and heparin. This optical method can quantify protamine and heparin as low as 0.1 microg/ml and 0.6 microg/ml, respectively and the calibration is linear for a wide range of concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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224
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Creation of a mixed poly(ethylene glycol) tethered-chain surface for preventing the nonspecific adsorption of proteins and peptides. Biointerphases 2007; 2:126-30. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2800754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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225
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Kim J, Ahn Y, Park KM, Kim Y, Ko YH, Oh DH, Kim K. Carbohydrate wheels: cucurbituril-based carbohydrate clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7393-5. [PMID: 17722124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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226
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Liu R, Liew R, Zhou J, Xing B. A Simple and Specific Assay for Real-Time Colorimetric Visualization of β-Lactamase Activity by Using Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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227
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Liu R, Liew R, Zhou J, Xing B. A Simple and Specific Assay for Real-Time Colorimetric Visualization of β-Lactamase Activity by Using Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8799-803. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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228
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Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Kishimoto Y, Nishimura T, Suda Y. One-Step Purification of Lectins from Banana Pulp Using Sugar-Immobilized Gold Nano-Particles. J Biochem 2007; 143:833-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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229
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Li Y, Smith AE, Lokitz BS, McCormick CL. In Situ Formation of Gold-“Decorated” Vesicles from a RAFT-Synthesized, Thermally Responsive Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071488s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Brad S. Lokitz
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0076
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230
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Synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of core–shell-type stimuli-responsive nanogels – Nanogel composed of poly[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] core and PEG tethered chains. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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231
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Murphy CJ, Gole AM, Hunyadi SE, Stone JW, Sisco PN, Alkilany A, Kinard BE, Hankins P. Chemical sensing and imaging with metallic nanorods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:544-57. [PMID: 18209787 DOI: 10.1039/b711069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we examine recent advances in chemical analyte detection and optical imaging applications using gold and silver nanoparticles, with a primary focus on our own work. Noble metal nanoparticles have exciting physical and chemical properties that are entirely different from the bulk. For chemical sensing and imaging, the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles provide a wide range of opportunities, all of which ultimately arise from the collective oscillations of conduction band electrons ("plasmons") in response to external electromagnetic radiation. Nanorods have multiple plasmon bands compared to nanospheres. We identify four optical sensing and imaging modalities for metallic nanoparticles: (1) aggregation-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (2) local refractive index-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (3) inelastic (surface-enhanced Raman) light scattering; and (4) elastic (Rayleigh) light scattering. The surface chemistry of the nanoparticles must be tunable to create chemical specificity, and is a key requirement for successful sensing and imaging platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the W. M. Keck Laboratory for Bionanoparticle Technology Discovery and Development, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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232
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Hsu MH, Josephrajan T, Yeh CS, Shieh DB, Su WC, Hwu JR. Novel arylhydrazone-conjugated gold nanoparticles with DNA-cleaving ability: the first DNA-nicking nanomaterial. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1709-12. [PMID: 17953439 DOI: 10.1021/bc700222n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arylhydrazones were linked onto gold nanoparticles through the poly(ethylene glycol) spacer to produce a new type of photoinduced DNA-cleaving nanomaterials with great potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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233
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Shimada T, Ookubo K, Komuro N, Shimizu T, Uehara N. Blue-to-red chromatic sensor composed of gold nanoparticles conjugated with thermoresponsive copolymer for Thiol sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11225-32. [PMID: 17902709 DOI: 10.1021/la700664u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first determination of thiol compounds with gold nanocomposites composed of gold nanoparticles and thermoresponsive copolymers having polyamino groups. The gold nanocomposites, which are used as a chromatic sensor, reveal chromatic change from blue to red with thermal stimuli, heating followed by cooling the solution. The blue-to-red chromatic change results from disassembly of the gold nanocomposites, which arises from shrinkage of the thermoresponsive copolymers bound to the gold nanoparticle surfaces due to the phase transition induced by thermal stimuli. The disassembly is inhibited by addition of thiol compounds through displacement of the adhered thermoresponsive copolymers. The detached copolymers no longer influence morphological change of the gold nanocomposites. Corresponding with increase of concentration of the thiol compounds, a solution of the gold nanocomposites after the thermal stimuli shows chromatic change, which was quantified with the a* value in L*a*b* chromatic coordinates. A linear relationship between the a* value and concentration of cysteine, examined as a bio-important thiol, is obtained below 7x10(-6) mol dm(-3), estimating a detection limit defined as 3sigma of the blank to be 2.8x10(-7) mol dm(-3). The chromatic sensor of the gold nanocomposites is applied to the determination of cysteine in commercial supplements containing ascorbic acid, which seriously interferes with redox-based determination of cysteine. Analytical results obtained with the chromatic sensor are identical to those obtained with HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
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234
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Kim J, Ahn Y, Park K, Kim Y, Ko Y, Oh D, Kim K. Carbohydrate Wheels: Cucurbituril-Based Carbohydrate Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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235
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Shenoy D, Fu W, Li J, Crasto C, Jones G, DiMarzio C, Sridhar S, Amiji M. Surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles using hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) spacer for intracellular tracking and delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2007; 1:51-7. [PMID: 16467923 PMCID: PMC1351208 DOI: 10.2147/nano.2006.1.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles as cellular probes and delivery agents, we have synthesized hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW 1500) having a thiol group on one terminus and a reactive functional group on the other for use as a flexible spacer. Coumarin, a model fluorescent dye, was conjugated to one end of the PEG spacer and gold nanoparticles were modified with coumarin-PEG-thiol. Surface attachment of coumarin through the PEG spacer decreased the fluorescence quenching effect of gold nanoparticles. The results of cellular cytotoxicity and fluorescence confocal analyses showed that the PEG spacer-modified nanoparticles were essentially non-toxic and could be efficiently internalized in the cells within 1 hour of incubation. Intracellular particle tracking using a Keck 3-D Fusion Microscope System showed that the functionalized gold nanoparticles were rapidly internalized in the cells and localized in the peri-nuclear region. Using the PEG spacer, the gold nano-platform can be conjugated with a variety of biologically relevant ligands such as fluorescent dyes, antibodies, etc in order to target, probe, and induce a stimulus at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shenoy
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Departments of Physics, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Jane Li
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Crasto
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Jones
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DiMarzio
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the
Nanomedicine Consortium, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mansoor Amiji
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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236
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Preparation of gold colloid using pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and characterization of its particle growth. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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237
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One-step synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles using gallic acid in the presence of poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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238
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Spadavecchia J, Prete P, Lovergine N, Tapfer L, Rella R. Au nanoparticles prepared by physical method on Si and sapphire substrates for biosensor applications. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:17347-9. [PMID: 16853216 DOI: 10.1021/jp053194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles heavily functionalized with oligonucleotides have been used in a variety of DNA detection methods. The optical properties of three-dimensional aggregates of Au nanoparticles in solution or deposited onto suitable surfaces have been analyzed to detect hybridization processes of specific DNA sequences as possible alternatives to fluorescent labeling methods. This paper reports on the preparation of gold nanoparticles directly deposited onto the surface of silicon (Si) and sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by a physical methodology, consisting in the thermal evaporation of a thin Au film and its successive annealing. The method guarantees the preparation of monodispersed single-crystal Au nanoparticles with a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak centered at about 540 nm. We show that the changes of SPR excitation before and after DNA functionalization and subsequent hybridization of Au nanoparticles immobilized onto Si and Al2O3 substrates can be exploited to fabricate specific biosensors devices in solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spadavecchia
- Instituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (IMM-CNR), Sezione di Lecce, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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239
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Takae S, Akiyama Y, Yamasaki Y, Nagasaki Y, Kataoka K. Colloidal Au replacement assay for highly sensitive quantification of low molecular weight analytes by surface plasmon resonance. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1241-5. [PMID: 17579471 DOI: 10.1021/bc0603541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel sensing method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was developed for the highly sensitive quantification of low molecular weight (LMW) analytes (colloidal Au replacement assay). Gold nanoparticles (diameter = 20 nm) functionalized with lactosyl-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared and were specifically adsorbed onto a Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120)-immobilized SPR sensor chip surface. Subsequent injection of free d-galactose elicited the elution of the preadsorbed lactosyl-PEGylated gold nanoparticles in a manner proportional to the galactose concentration, achieving a substantial and quantitative analysis over a wide range of galactose concentrations (0.1-50 ppm). This method of d-galactose sensing through the substituted elution of preadsorbed nanoparticles from the sensor chip surface would be applicable for the highly sensitive SPR quantification of various LMW analytes, which are known to be difficult to detect by the conventional SPR sensing regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takae
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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240
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Li C, Liu X, Yuan M, Li J, Guo Y, Xu J, Zhu M, Lv J, Liu H, Li Y. Unusual fluorescence enhancement of a novel carbazolyldiacetylene bound to gold nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6754-60. [PMID: 17488044 DOI: 10.1021/la070110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel carbazolyldiacetylene derivative of 5-[1,2]dithiolan-3-ylpentanoic acid 1,6-bis((N-carbazol-3-yl)methyl)-2,4-hexadiyne ester (DCHD-HS) was synthesized. DCHD-HS showed unusual fluorescence enhancement when it was bound to gold nanoparticles. The studies also showed that varied solvents and ratios of ligand/gold particles that served as the driving forces to control aggregation resulted in emission enhancement. A rational explanation for this phenomenon was discussed and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
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241
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Oishi M, Hayashi H, Uno T, Ishii T, Iijima M, Nagasaki Y. One-Pot Synthesis of pH-Responsive PEGylated Nanogels Containing Gold Nanoparticles by Autoreduction of Chloroaurate Ions within Nanoreactors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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242
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Kim K, Matsuura K, Kimizuka N. Binding of lectins to DNA micro-assemblies: Modification of nucleo-cages with lactose-conjugated psoralen. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4311-7. [PMID: 17433697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spherical DNA micro-assemblies appended with lactose units (Lactose-nucleo-cages, Lac-NC) are newly developed. DNA spherical assemblies self-assembled from suitably designed three oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) 1-3 were cross-linked by lactose-conjugated psoralen derivative 4. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) observation of Lac-NC shows that rhodamine labeled peanut lectin (Rho-PNA: a galactose-specific lectin) binds to lactose-modified nucleo-cages with higher affinity compared to that of unmodified nucleo-cages. Binding isotherm experiments indicated that the apparent affinity constant of Rho-PNA to Lac-NC was in the order of 10(5) M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonil Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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243
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Huang CC, Chiu SH, Huang YF, Chang HT. Aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles for turn-on light switch detection of platelet-derived growth factor. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4798-804. [PMID: 17530743 DOI: 10.1021/ac0707075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer modified gold nanoparticles (Apt-AuNPs) based molecular light switching sensor has been demonstrated for the analysis of breast cancer markers (platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors) in homogeneous solutions. The PDGF binding aptamer has a unique structure with triple-helix conformation that allows N,N-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium dication (DMDAP) and PDGF bindings. The fluorescence of DMDAP is almost completely quenched by Apt-AuNPs when it intercalates with the aptamers. Owing to high magnitudes of increases (up to 40-fold) in the turn-on fluorescence signals of DMDAP/Apt-AuNP upon PDGFs binding, the approach is highly sensitive for the detection of PDGFs. The DMDAP/Apt-AuNP probe specifically and sensitively detected PDGFs under optimal concentrations of salts and DMDAP. We also demonstrated that the Apt-AuNPs are effective selectors for enrichment of PDGF-AA from large-volume samples. The approach allows detection of PDGF-AA at a concentration down to 8 pM, showing better sensitivity than other signal aptamers. By conducting a competitive assay, we demonstrated the determination of PDGF receptor-alpha with LOD of 0.25 nM when using the DMDAP/Apt-AuNP as a probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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244
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Ding Y, Xia XH, Zhai HS. Reversible Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoparticles Directed by a Zwitterionic Polymer. Chemistry 2007; 13:4197-202. [PMID: 17236228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have successfully introduced the stimuli-response concept into the controllable synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with designed properties. We used a pH-responsive zwitterionic polymer that acted as a template and a stabilizer. Gold colloids prepared in situ from the polymer solution have a narrow size distribution of about 5 nm. The assembly and disassembly of AuNPs can be finely tuned by modulating the net charges of the zwitterionic polymer so that they are either positive or negative as a function of the solution pH. Different aggregates and colors appear on altering the solution pH. In acidic solutions, gold colloids form large symmetrical aggregates, while the AuNPs disperse in solutions with a pH approximately 9.6. However, as the solution pH increases (>9.6), needle-like aggregates with a small interparticle distances are formed. On the basis of TEM, SEM, 1H NMR and UV/Vis measurements, we attribute pH-triggered aggregation and color changes of the gold colloids to the ionization process and conformational change of the polymer. The ionization process governs the choice of ligand anchored on the surface of AuNPs, and the conformational change of the polymer modulates the interspaces between AuNPs. The present approach, which is based on a rational design of the physicochemical properties of the template used in the synthesis process, provides a powerful means to control the properties of the nanomaterial. Furthermore, the colorimetric readout can be visualized and applied to future studies on nanoscale switches and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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245
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Nagasaki Y, Kobayashi H, Katsuyama Y, Jomura T, Sakura T. Enhanced immunoresponse of antibody/mixed-PEG co-immobilized surface construction of high-performance immunomagnetic ELISA system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:524-30. [PMID: 17368469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) possessing pentaethylenehexamine at one end (N6-PEG) was prepared via a reductive amination reaction of aldehyde-ended PEG with pentaethylenehexamine. Using N6-PEG, an antibody/PEG co-immobilized surface was constructed on magnetic particles via an active ester reaction method. After immobilization of the antibody on the active ester surface, N6-PEG was reacted on the magnetic beads. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was newly constructed using PEG/antibody co-immobilized magnetic beads combined with an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-assisted fluorescent detection system using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model antigen. The co-immobilization of both antibody and PEG on the magnetic bead surfaces reduced the nonspecific adsorption of proteins from cell lysates. Especially, when the magnetic particle surface was modified by N6-PEG mixtures with different molecular weights of 6000 and 2500 (6 kDa:2.5 kDa=9:1 w/w), the nonspecific adsorption of proteins was strongly suppressed. It is rather surprising for us that the sensitivity of the antibody on the surface was enhanced significantly when the PEG tethered chain was constructed in between the surface antibodies. Consequently, the mixed N6-PEG treatment showed a much higher S/N ratio than for the corresponding beads treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), a conventional blocking reagent. Actually, when alpha-fetoprotein was analyzed by the magnetic bead-assisted ELISA thus constructed, the S/N ratio was about 20-fold higher for the mixed coating with PEG (6 kDa):PEG (2.5 kDa)=9:1, compared to the conventional BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Nagasaki
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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246
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Soo PL, Sidorov SN, Mui J, Bronstein LM, Vali H, Eisenberg A, Maysinger D. Gold-labeled block copolymer micelles reveal gold aggregates at multiple subcellular sites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:4830-6. [PMID: 17391054 DOI: 10.1021/la063375s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the usefulness of block copolymer micelles as drug delivery vehicles. However, their subcellular distribution has not been explored extensively, mostly because of the lack of adequately labeled block copolymers. In a previous study, we showed that fluorescently labeled block copolymer micelles entered living cells and co-localized with cytoplasmic organelles selectively labeled with fluorescent dyes. The details of the observed co-localizations were, however, limited by the resolution of the fluorescence approach, which is ca. 500 nm. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we established time- and concentration-dependent subcellular distributions of gold-labeled micelles within human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Gold particles were incorporated into poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (P4VP21-b-PEO45) micelles. Data from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM analyses revealed that the sizes of the gold particles ranged from 4 to 8 nm. The cells survived up to 24 h in the presence of low gold-labeled micelle concentrations (0.73 microg/mL), but cell death occurred at higher concentrations (i.e., kidney cells are more susceptible than lung cells). Over 24 h periods of equivalent exposure, lung cells internalized significantly more gold-incorporated micelles than kidney cells. Although micelles were added to the cell culture media as dispersed colloidal particles, the presence of serum in these media caused aggregation. These aggregates occurred mainly close to the cell plasma membrane at early times (5-10 min); however, at later times (24 h) aggregated particles were seen inside endosomes and lysozomes. Thus, gold-incorporated (labeled) micelles can serve as a valuable extension of the fluorescence approach to visualizing the localization of micelles in subcellular compartments, improving the resolution by at least 20-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lim Soo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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247
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Housni A, Cai H, Liu S, Pun SH, Narain R. Facile preparation of glyconanoparticles and their bioconjugation to streptavidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:5056-61. [PMID: 17375947 DOI: 10.1021/la070089n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined glycopolymers containing linear and cyclic carbohydrate moieties as pendent groups were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The RAFT synthesized glycopolymers were used for the aqueous synthesis of stabilized glyconanoparticles. The in situ reduction of the glycopolymers and HAuCl4 resulted in the formation of highly stable modified gold nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 40 to 80 nm in aqueous media. Multifunctional glyconanoparticles were also generated in the presence of varying amounts of biotinylated-polyethyleneglycol (bio-PEG-SH) having terminal thiol groups. The gold nanoparticles underwent aggregation in the presence of streptavidin as revealed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The availability of the biotin for conjugation to streptavidin was also confirmed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Housni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
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248
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Matsuura K, Ohno K, Kagaya S, Kitano H. Carboxybetaine Polymer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles: High Dispersion Stability and Resistance against Non-Specific Adsorption of Proteins. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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249
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Schofield CL, Field RA, Russell DA. Glyconanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of cholera toxin. Anal Chem 2007; 79:1356-61. [PMID: 17297934 DOI: 10.1021/ac061462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholera continues to represent a major threat to human health, particularly in developing countries. Death can be readily avoided when medical treatment is rapidly administered. In order to provide a means of detecting the bacterially secreted toxin, we have developed a simple, yet rapid, bioassay for the cholera toxin. The colorimetric bioassay is based on a specifically synthesized lactose derivative that is self-assembled onto gold nanoparticles of 16 nm diameter. In solution the lactose-stabilized nanoparticles are red in color due to the intense surface plasmon absorption band centered at 524 nm. Cholera toxin (added as the B-subunit) (CTB) binds to the lactose derivative and induces aggregation of the nanoparticles. Upon aggregation, the surface plasmon absorption band broadens and red shifts such that the nanoparticle solution appears a deep purple color. The selectivity of the bioassay stems from the thiolated lactose derivative that mimics the GM(1) ganglioside--the receptor to which cholera toxin binds in the small intestine. Consequently, added metal ions, anions, and a protein, at relevant concentrations, do not induce nonspecific aggregation of the nanoparticles. The simple color change of the bioassay provides a selective means to detect and quantify the cholera toxin within 10 min. The theoretical limit of detection of the bioassay was determined to be 54 nM (3 microg/mL) for CTB. The stability of the lactose-stabilized nanoparticles was established by freeze-drying and then resuspending the particles in water and subsequently measuring CTB in biologically relevant electrolyte solutions. This colorimetric bioassay provides a new tool for the direct measurement of cholera toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Schofield
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Cao C, Sim SJ. Signal enhancement of surface plasmon resonance immunoassay using enzyme precipitation-functionalized gold nanoparticles: A femto molar level measurement of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1874-80. [PMID: 16934448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and precipitation of an insoluble product formed by HRP-biocatalyzed oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence of H2O2 were used to enhance the signal obtained from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The AuNPs were synthesized and functionalized with HS-OEG3-COOH by self assembling technique. Thereafter, the HS-OEG3-COOH functionalized nanoparticles were covalently conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti IgG antibody to form an enzyme-immunogold complex. Characterizations were performed by several methods: UV-vis absorption, DLS, HR-TEM and FT-IR. The Au-anti IgG-HRP complex has been applied in enhancement of SPR immunoassay using a sensor chip constructed by 1:9 molar ratio of HS-OEG6-COOH and HS-OEG3-OH for detection of anti-GAD antibody. As a result, AuNPs showed their enhancement as being consistent with other previous studies while the enzyme precipitation using DAB substrate was applied for the first time and greatly amplified the SPR detection. The limit of detection was found as low as 0.03 ng/ml of anti-GAD antibody (or 200 fM) which is much higher than that of previous reports. This study indicates another way to enhance SPR measurement, and it is generally applicable to other SPR-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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