Direct Carbonization of Al-Based Porous Coordination Polymer for Synthesis of Nanoporous Carbon

Preparation of macroscopic spherical porous carbons@carboxymethylcellulose sodium gel beads and application for removal of tetracycline

We report a new convenient macroscopic granular adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline from water by immobilizing porous carbons into carboxymethylcellulose sodium gel beads.

Magnetic nanoporous hybrid carbon from core–shell metal–organic frameworks for glycan extraction

Magnetic nanoporous carbon (NPC) materials, which can be thoroughly separated from an aqueous solution easily, are very promising adsorbents.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) derived nanoporous carbon: the effect of carbonization temperature on the supercapacitor performance in an aqueous electrolyte

Nanoporous carbons prepared at various carbonization temperatures are tested using an aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitor applications.

Nanoarchitectonics for carbon-material-based sensors

Recently, the nanoarchitectonics concept has been proposed to fabricate functional materials on the basis of concerted harmonization actions to control materials organization.

Novel nanoporous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks with tunable electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities

Core–shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystals, which integrate the properties of single ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, are elaborately designed for the first time by applying a seed-mediated growth technique.

Zeolitic imidazole framework templated synthesis of nanoporous carbon as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction

A novel ZIF templated nanoporous carbon was prepared as the SPME fiber coating for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides from vegetable samples.

A nanoporous carbon material derived from pomelo peels as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction

A novel nanoporous carbon derived from a biomass source was prepared and used as an SPME fiber coating.

Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials as sustainable precursors for the synthesis of nanoporous MOFs, MIL-47, MIL-53(Cr, Al, Ga) and MIL-101(Cr)

Waste PET to useful MOFs: simple, novel, and sustainable methods have been developed for the first time, for the effective conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials into valuable MOF materials.

Synthesis of 9,9′-spirobifluorene-based conjugated microporous polymers by FeCl3-mediated polymerization

An easy, safe and low-cost synthesis of 9,9'-spirobifluorene-based conjugated microporous polymers and related carbonized microporous materials with high gas uptake ability was developed.

Defect-driven oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of carbon without any element doping

A “pure” porous carbon, lacking any elemental doping, exhibits excellent activity of oxygen reduction.

Palladium nanoparticles embedded in metal–organic framework derived porous carbon: synthesis and application for efficient Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions

An efficient Pd catalyst supported on novel nanoporous carbon was developed for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The prepared catalyst can be readily recovered and reused 5 times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

Highly porous carbons derived from MOFs for shape-stabilized phase change materials with high storage capacity and thermal conductivity

Highly porous carbons (HPCs) are applied as supporting materials to prepare PEG based shape-stabilized PCMs, and the obtained composite PCMs exhibit excellent phase change enthalpy and good thermal conductivity.

From an equilibrium based MOF adsorbent to a kinetic selective carbon molecular sieve for paraffin/iso-paraffin separation

For the first time, a carbon molecular sieve was obtainedviacarbonization of a metal–organic framework, exhibiting excellent performance in paraffin/iso-paraffin separation.

1D nanorod-like porous carbon with simultaneous high energy and large power density as a supercapacitor electrode material

1D nanorod-like porous carbon material synthesized by pyrolysis of porous coordination polymer following with KOH activation exhibits long cyclic stability and simultaneous high energy and large power density in the 6 M KOH aqueous system.

pH-Responsive sulphonated mesoporous silica: a comparative drug release study

Control of morphology and surface functionalization of mesoporous silica materials have enhanced the biocompatibility of these materials with high surface areas and total pore volumes.

Cu/TiO2 octahedral-shell photocatalysts derived from metal–organic framework@semiconductor hybrid structures

A synthetic method has been developed for Cu/TiO₂ photocatalysts with hollow structures by templating on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which offers versatility to tailor the photocatalyst configurations by simply altering treatment conditions on MOFs.

3D architecture constructed via the confined growth of MoS2 nanosheets in nanoporous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen production

The design and synthesis of robust, high-performance and low-cost three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structured materials for the electrochemical reduction of water to generate hydrogen is of great significance for practical water splitting applications. In this study, we develop an in situ space-confined method to synthesize an MoS2-based 3D hierarchical structure, in which the MoS2 nanosheets grow in the confined nanopores of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived 3D carbons as electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production. Benefiting from its unique structure, which has more exposed active sites and enhanced conductivity, the as-prepared MoS2/3D nanoporous carbon (3D-NPC) composite exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a small onset overpotential of ∼0.16 V, large cathodic currents, small Tafel slope of 51 mV per decade and good durability. We anticipate that this in situ confined growth provides new insights into the construction of high performance catalysts for energy storage and conversion.

Design of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Derived Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbons Containing Metal Species for Carbon Dioxide Fixation Reactions

Various N-doped nanoporous carbons containing metal species were prepared by direct thermal conversion of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs; ZIF-7, -8, -9, and -67) at different temperatures (600, 800, and 1000 °C). These materials were utilized as bifunctional acid-base catalysts to promote the reaction of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates under 0.6 MPa of CO2 at 80 °C. The catalyst generated by thermal conversion of ZIF-9 at 600 °C (C600-ZIF-9) was found to exhibit a higher catalytic activity than the other ZIFs, other conventional catalysts, and other metal-organic framework catalysts. The results of various characterization techniques including elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that C600-ZIF-9 contains partly oxidized Co nanoparticles and N species. Temperature-programmed desorption measurements by using CO2 and NH3 as probe molecules revealed that C600-ZIF-9 has both Lewis acid and Lewis base catalytic sites. Finally, the substrate scope was extended to seven other kinds of epoxides.

Carbonization and oxidation of metal-organic frameworks based on 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylates

Three new isostructural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [V(OH)(NDC)] (1), [Cr(OH)(NDC)] (2), and [Ga(OH)(NDC)] (3) have been synthesized hydrothermally using 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) as the linker. These MOFs (1, 2 and 3) have been used as a template for the synthesis of metal-oxide-inserted nanoporous carbon materials. The newly synthesized MOFs and the resulting porous carbon hybrid functional materials have been characterized using powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis. Results show that compounds 2 and 3 form their respective metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon materials during carbonization at 800 °C. The gas sorption properties of the new MOFs and their corresponding carbon frameworks have been reported.

From Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework to Porous Carbon: High Surface Area and Multicomponent Active Dopants for Excellent Electrocatalysis

Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks are rationally synthesized as templates and employed for porous carbons with retained morphology, high graphitization degree, hierarchical porosity, high surface area, CoNx moiety and uniform N/Co dopant by pyrolysis. The optimized carbon with additional phosphorus dopant exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction, which is much better than the benchmark Pt/C in alkaline media.

Tuning of ZIF-Derived Carbon with High Activity, Nitrogen Functionality, and Yield - A Case for Superior CO2 Capture

A highly effective and facile synthesis route is developed to create and tailor metal-decorated and nitrogen-functionalized active microporous carbon materials from ZIF-8. Clear metal- and pyrrolic-N-induced enhancements of the cyclic CO2 uptake capacities and binding energies are achieved, particularly at a much lower carbonization temperature of 700 °C than those often reported (1000 °C). The high-temperature carbonization can enhance the porosity but only at the expense of considerable losses of sample yield and metal and N functional sites. The findings are comparatively discussed with carbons derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) reported previously. Furthermore, the porosity of the MOF-derived carbon is critically dependent on the structure of the precursor MOF and the crystal growth. The current strategy offers a new and effective route for the creation and tuning of highly active and functionalized carbon structures in high yields and with low energy consumption.

Facile synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area hollow carbon nanospheres for enhanced adsorption and energy storage

Exceptionally large surface area and well-defined nanostructure are both critical in the field of nanoporous carbons for challenging energy and environmental issues. The pursuit of ultrahigh surface area while maintaining definite nanostructure remains a formidable challenge because extensive creation of pores will undoubtedly give rise to the damage of nanostructures, especially below 100 nm. Here we report that high surface area of up to 3,022 m(2) g(-1) can be achieved for hollow carbon nanospheres with an outer diameter of 69 nm by a simple carbonization procedure with carefully selected carbon precursors and carbonization conditions. The tailor-made pore structure of hollow carbon nanospheres enables target-oriented applications, as exemplified by their enhanced adsorption capability towards organic vapours, and electrochemical performances as electrodes for supercapacitors and sulphur host materials for lithium-sulphur batteries. The facile approach may open the doors for preparation of highly porous carbons with desired nanostructure for numerous applications.

MOF-derived, N-doped, hierarchically porous carbon sponges as immobilizers to confine selenium as cathodes for Li-Se batteries with superior storage capacity and perfect cycling stability

Nitrogen-doped carbon sponges (NCS) composed of hierarchical microporous carbon layers are derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via carbonization at high temperatures under Ar and NH3 flow. Se is impregnated into 0.4-0.55 nm micropores by melting-diffusion and infiltration methods. The confinement of Se within small-sized micropores of NCS efficiently prevents Se loss, and mesopores between carbon layers absorb a sufficient amount of electrolyte, as well as serve as cushion spaces for large volume changes during delithiation-lithiation processes. Nitrogen doping improves the electrical conductivity of carbon matrix and facilitates rapid charge transfer, making the carbon sponge a highway for charges involved in redox reactions. When serving as cathode materials for Li-Se batteries, the NCS/Se-50 composite with 50 wt% Se exhibits excellent cycling stability, superior rate capability and high coulombic efficiency. The cathode can exhibit 443.2 mA h g(-1) at the 200(th) cycle with a coulombic efficiency of up to 99.9% at 0.5C (C = 675 mA h g(-1)), which leads to 0.031% capacity loss per cycle from 5(th) to 200(th) cycles. Even at a high rate of 5C, it can still retain 286.6 mA h g(-1). The unique, large surface rod-like MOF-derived, N-doped carbon sponges with hierarchical porosity could be potential candidates in the related energy-storage systems.