201
|
Wu C, Wang W, Tian B, Liu X, Qu X, Zhai Z, Li H, Liu F, Fan Q, Tang T, Qin A, Zhu Z. Myricetin prevents titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
202
|
The Role of BMP Signaling and NF-κB Signaling on Osteoblastic Differentiation, Cancer Development, and Vascular Diseases—Is the Activation of NF-κB a Friend or Foe of BMP Function? BONE MORPHOGENIC PROTEIN 2015; 99:145-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
203
|
Juiz PJL, Lucchese AM, Gambari R, Piva R, Penolazzi L, Di Ciano M, Uetanabaro APT, Silva F, Avila-Campos MJ. Essential oils and isolated compounds from Lippia alba leaves and flowers: antimicrobial activity and osteoclast apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:211-7. [PMID: 25384405 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, essential oils extracted from the leaves and flowers of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. (L. alba) were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity and their effects on osteoclasts. The periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans; ATCC 43717), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum; ATCC 25586) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis); ATCC 33277) were used in antimicrobial activity assays for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), whereas Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis; ATCC 25285) was used as the control microorganism. Osteoclast (OC) apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and Fas receptor expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. The analysis of antimicrobial activity revealed that P. gingivalis had the lowest MIC values, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans had the highest. L. alba essential oils were found to be toxic to human cells, although the compounds, carvone, limonene and citral, were non-toxic and induced apoptosis in the OCs. This study demonstrates that L. alba has potential biotechnological application in dentistry. In fact periodontal disease has a multifactorial etiology, and the immune response to microbial challenge leads to osteoclast activation and the resorption of the alveolar bone, resulting in tooth loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Lima Juiz
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cajueiro, 44570-000 Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Angelica Maria Lucchese
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Area of Chemistry, State University of Feira de Santana, 44031-460 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Di Ciano
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- Department of Biological Sciences - UESC, State University of Santa Cruz, Salobrinho, 45662900 Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Franceli Silva
- Center for Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Zhai ZJ, Li HW, Liu GW, Qu XH, Tian B, Yan W, Lin Z, Tang TT, Qin A, Dai KR. Andrographolide suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents inflammatory bone loss in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:663-75. [PMID: 24125472 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoclasts play a pivotal role in diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and tumour bone metastasis. Thus, searching for natural compounds that may suppress osteoclast formation and/or function is promising for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases. Here, we examined changes in osteoclastogenesis and LPS-induced osteolysis in response to andrographolide (AP), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the traditional Chinese and Indian medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of AP on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were measured in vitro. Western blots and RT-PCR techniques were used to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The bone protective activity of AP in vivo was assessed in a mouse model of osteolysis. KEY RESULTS AP concentration-dependently suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptors and cathepsin K. Further molecular analysis revealed that AP impaired RANKL-induced NF-κB signalling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1, suppressing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and subsequently preventing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. AP also inhibited the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway without affecting p38 or JNK signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AP suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through attenuating NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signalling pathways in vitro, thus preventing bone loss in vivo. These data indicated that AP is a promising natural compound for the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
205
|
Linnewiel-Hermoni K, Motro Y, Miller Y, Levy J, Sharoni Y. Carotenoid derivatives inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activity in bone and cancer cells by targeting key thiol groups. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:105-20. [PMID: 25078119 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) transcription system contributes to cancer progression, and has a harmful effect on bone health. Several major components of the NFkB pathway such as IkB Kinase (IKK) and the NFkB subunits contain cysteine residues that are critical for their activity. The interaction of electrophiles with these cysteine residues results in NFkB inhibition. Carotenoids, hydrophobic plant pigments, are devoid of electrophilic groups, and we have previously demonstrated that carotenoid derivatives, but not the native compounds activate the Nrf2 transcription system. The aim of the current study was to examine whether carotenoid derivatives inhibit NFkB, and, if so, to determine the molecular mechanism underpinning the inhibitory action. We report in the present study that a mixture of oxidized derivatives, prepared by ethanol extraction from partially oxidized lycopene preparation, inhibited NFkB reporter gene activity. In contrast, the intact carotenoid was inactive. A series of synthetic dialdehyde carotenoid derivatives inhibited reporter activity as well as several stages of the NFkB pathway in both cancer and bone cells. The activity of the carotenoid derivatives depended on the reactivity of the electrophilic groups in reactions such as Michael addition to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Specifically, carotenoid derivatives directly interacted with two key proteins of the NFkB pathway: the IKKβ and the p65 subunit. Direct interaction with IKKβ was found in an in vitro kinase assay with a recombinant enzyme. The inhibition by carotenoid derivatives of p65 transcriptional activity was observed in a reporter gene assay performed in the presence of excess p65. This inhibition action resulted, at least in part, from direct interaction of the carotenoid derivative with p65 leading to reduced binding of the protein to DNA as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments. Importantly, we found by using mutation in key cysteine residues of both p65 and IKK that specific thiol groups are essential for NFkB inhibition by carotenoid derivatives. In conclusion, we propose that electrophilic carotenoid derivatives contribute to cancer prevention as well as bone health maintenance via the inhibition of the NFkB transcription system. Pivotal thiol groups of both IKK and p65 play a key role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yair Motro
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Joseph Levy
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Fan X, Bai L, Zhu L, Yang L, Zhang X. Marine algae-derived bioactive peptides for human nutrition and health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9211-22. [PMID: 25179496 DOI: 10.1021/jf502420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the parent protein molecule, most peptides are inactive, and they are released with biofunctionalities after enzymatic hydrolysis. Marine algae have high protein content, up to 47% of the dry weight, depending on the season and the species. Recently, there is an increasing interest in using marine algae protein as a source of bioactive peptides due to their health promotion and disease therapy potentials. This review presents an overview of marine algae-derived bioactive peptides and especially highlights some key issues, such as in silico proteolysis and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, in vivo fate of bioactive peptides, and novel technologies in bioactive peptides studies and production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
207
|
Franceschetti T, Dole NS, Kessler CB, Lee SK, Delany AM. Pathway analysis of microRNA expression profile during murine osteoclastogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107262. [PMID: 25222202 PMCID: PMC4164525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To design novel therapeutics against bone loss, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclastogenesis is critical. Osteoclast formation and function are tightly regulated by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. This stringent regulation is crucial to prevent excessive or insufficient bone resorption and to maintain bone homeostasis. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators that repress expression of target mRNAs controlling osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Disruption of miRNA-mediated regulation alters osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Prior studies profiled miRNA expression in murine osteoclast precursors treated with RANKL for 24 hours. However, a more complete miRNA signature, encompassing early, mid and late stages of osteoclastogenesis, is wanting. An Agilent microarray platform was used to analyze expression of mature miRNAs in an enriched population of murine bone marrow osteoclast precursors (depleted of B220+ and CD3+ cells) undergoing 1, 3, or 5 days of RANKL-driven differentiation. Expression of 93 miRNAs, changed by >2 fold during early, mid, and late stages of osteoclastogenesis, were identified and sorted into 7 clusters. We validated the function and expression of miR-365, miR-451, and miR-99b, which were found in distinct clusters. Inhibition of miR-365 increased osteoclast number but decreased osteoclast size, while miR-99b inhibition decreased both osteoclast number and size. In contrast, overexpression of miR-451 had no effect. Computational analyses predicted mTOR, PI3 kinase/AKT, cell-matrix interactions, actin cytoskeleton organization, focal adhesion, and axon guidance pathways to be top targets of several miRNA clusters. This suggests that many miRNA clusters differentially expressed during osteoclastogenesis converge on some key functional pathways. Overall, our study is unique in that we identified miRNAs differentially expressed during early, mid, and late osteoclastogenesis in a population of primary mouse bone marrow cells enriched for osteoclast progenitors. This novel data set contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the complex process of osteoclast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Franceschetti
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Neha S. Dole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Catherine B. Kessler
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Delany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Blüml S, Redlich K, Smolen JS. Mechanisms of tissue damage in arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:531-40. [PMID: 25212687 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of articular structures in the course of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or seronegative spondyloarthropathies is the most serious direct consequence of these diseases. Indeed, joint damage constitutes the "organ damage" of RA and-just like in all other diseases with organ involvement-such damage will usually be irreversible, cause permanent loss of function and subsequent disability. Research has identified a number of mechanisms and mediators of damage to articular structures such as bone and cartilage, ranging from proinflammatory cytokines, signal transduction pathways and cells types, which will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
209
|
The study of mechanisms of protective effect of Rg1 against arthritis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and maturation in CIA mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:305071. [PMID: 25214714 PMCID: PMC4158307 DOI: 10.1155/2014/305071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a natural product extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Although Rg1 protects tissue structure and functions by inhibiting local inflammatory reaction, the mechanism remains poorly understood. In vitro, Rg1 dose-dependently inhibited TRAP activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand- (RANKL-) induced osteoclasts and decreased the number of osteoclasts and osteoclast resorption area. Rg1 also significantly inhibited the RANK signaling pathway, including suppressing the expression of Trap, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and calcitonin receptor (CTR). In vivo, Rg1 dramatically decreased arthritis scores in CIA mice and effectively controlled symptoms of inflammatory arthritis. Pathologic analysis demonstrated that Rg1 significantly attenuated pathological changes in CIA mice. Pronounced reduction in synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell invasion were observed in CIA mice after Rg1 therapy. Alcian blue staining results illustrated that mice treated with Rg1 had significantly reduced destruction in the articular cartilage. TRAP and cathepsin K staining results demonstrated a significant reduction of numbers of OCs in the articular cartilage in proximal interphalangeal joints and ankle joints in Rg1-treated mice. In summary, this study revealed that Rg1 reduced the inflammatory destruction of periarticular bone by inhibiting differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts in CIA mice.
Collapse
|
210
|
Vijayan V, Khandelwal M, Manglani K, Gupta S, Surolia A. Methionine down-regulates TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling in osteoclast precursors to reduce bone loss during osteoporosis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:107-21. [PMID: 24111943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies have demonstrated that a moderate intake of amino acids is associated with development of bone health. Methionine, a sulphur-containing essential amino acid, has been largely implicated for improving cartilage formation, however its physiological significance on bone integrity and functionality have not been elucidated. We investigated whether methionine can prevent osteoporotic bone loss. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The anti-resorptive effect of methionine, (250 mg kg(-1) body wt administered in drinking water for 10 weeks), was evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by monitoring changes in bone turnover, formation of osteoclasts from blood-derived mononuclear cells and changes in the synthesis of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines. KEY RESULTS Methionine improved bone density and significantly decreased the degree of osteoclast development from blood mononuclear cells in OVX rats, as indicated by decreased production of osteoclast markers tartarate resistant acid phosphatase b (TRAP5b) and MIP-1α. siRNA-mediated knockdown of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MyD88], a signalling molecule in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling cascade, abolished the synthesis of both TRAP5b and MIP-1α in developing osteoclasts. Methionine supplementation disrupted osteoclast development by inhibiting TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway is integral for osteoclast development and this is down-regulated in osteoporotic system on methionine treatment. Methionine treatment could be beneficial for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Vijayan
- Molecular Sciences Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
211
|
Nguyen MHT, Qian ZJ, Jung WK. Beneficial Effect of Abalone Intestine Gastro-Intestinal Digests on Osteoblastic MG-63 Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2012.721874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
212
|
Salamon A, Adam S, Rychly J, Peters K. Long-term tumor necrosis factor treatment induces NFκB activation and proliferation, but not osteoblastic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:149-62. [PMID: 25066315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is well known to induce differentiation of bone matrix-resorbing osteoclasts from hematopoietic stem cells. However, the impact of TNF on differentiation of bone matrix-forming osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was only fragmentarily studied so far. Therefore, we investigated what impact long-term TNF treatment has on osteoblastic differentiation of MSC isolated from the adipose tissue (ASC) in vitro. In summary, we found continuous TNF exposure to induce the nuclear factor of kappa B pathway in ASC as well as secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin 8, but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the apoptosis pathway in ASC. Moreover, TNF neither induced nor inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of ASC, but strongly increased their proliferation rate. In that manner, pro-inflammatory conditions in vivo may generate significantly increased numbers of progenitor cells, and ASC especially, in conjunction with external stimuli, may contribute to the events of ectopic ossification observed in chronic inflammatory diseases. The substantiation of the translation of our in vitro findings to the disease context encourages further in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Salamon
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Adam
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim Rychly
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
An E, Narayanan M, Manes NP, Nita-Lazar A. Characterization of functional reprogramming during osteoclast development using quantitative proteomics and mRNA profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2687-704. [PMID: 25044017 PMCID: PMC4188996 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.034371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to forming macrophages and dendritic cells, monocytes in adult peripheral blood retain the ability to develop into osteoclasts, mature bone-resorbing cells. The extensive morphological and functional transformations that occur during osteoclast differentiation require substantial reprogramming of gene and protein expression. Here we employ -omic-scale technologies to examine in detail the molecular changes at discrete developmental stages in this process (precursor cells, intermediate osteoclasts, and multinuclear osteoclasts), quantitatively comparing their transcriptomes and proteomes. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000471. Our analysis identified mitochondrial changes, along with several alterations in signaling pathways, as central to the development of mature osteoclasts, while also confirming changes in pathways previously implicated in osteoclast biology. In particular, changes in the expression of proteins involved in metabolism and redirection of energy flow from basic cellular function toward bone resorption appeared to play a key role in the switch from monocytic immune system function to specialized bone-turnover function. These findings provide new insight into the differentiation program involved in the generation of functional osteoclasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung An
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Manikandan Narayanan
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nathan P Manes
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Yu Y, Yang D, Qiu L, Okamura H, Guo J, Haneji T. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces interleukin-34 expression through nuclear factor‑κB activation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1371-6. [PMID: 24970360 PMCID: PMC4121411 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts produce various types of cytokines under pathological conditions and control osteoclast differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been demonstrated to exert complex effects in osteoblasts under local inflammatory conditions, including in periodontal and periapical diseases. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) has been recently identified as a novel regulatory factor for the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. The present study provides the first evidence, to the best of our knowledge, that the expression of IL-34 is induced by TNF-α through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. TNF-α induced IL-34 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry with an NF-κB antibody demonstrated that NF-κB was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of the untreated MC3T3-E1 cells. Rapid translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed in the cells treated with TNF-α for 15 min. Translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB were also determined by western blotting and a luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Pretreatment with 100 μM CAPE, an inhibitor of NF-κB, significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-34 expression. These results indicate that TNF-α induces IL-34 expression via NF-κB in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Tatsuji Haneji
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Ouyang Z, Zhai Z, Li H, Liu X, Qu X, Li X, Fan Q, Tang T, Qin A, Dai K. Hypericin suppresses osteoclast formation and wear particle-induced osteolysis via modulating ERK signalling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:276-87. [PMID: 24950468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast-induced bone resorption and wear-particle-induced osteolysis leads to prosthetic loosening, one of the most common causes of joint implant failure, resulting in revision surgery. Thus, inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, which further prevents wear particle-induced osteolysis, is a potential treatment strategy for prosthetic loosening. Here, we examined the therapeutic effect of hypericin (HP), which was photosensitive, on osteoclastogenesis and wear particle-induced osteolysis in the absence of visible light. HP inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cell line without any evidence of cytotoxicity. The bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts was significantly inhibited by HP. As HP has been previously reported to inhibit signalling pathway such as ERK and NF-κB in other cells, which is also important in osteoclast differentiation. We thus examined the molecular mechanism and showed that HP significantly inhibited the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway without affecting nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signalling in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. Further in vivo studies revealed HP attenuated osteoclast formation and subsequently prevented wear particle-induced bone erosion. Taken together, the results suggest that HP inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. We therefore conclude that HP may be an innovative and safe alternative treatment for osteoclast-related prosthetic loosening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haowei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Qiming Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Sun H, Wu Y, Fu D, Liu Y, Huang C. SIRT6 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1943-55. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Mise-Omata S, Alles N, Fukazawa T, Aoki K, Ohya K, Jimi E, Obata Y, Doi T. NF-κB RELA-deficient bone marrow macrophages fail to support bone formation and to maintain the hematopoietic niche after lethal irradiation and stem cell transplantation. Int Immunol 2014; 26:607-18. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
218
|
Marie PJ. Bone cell senescence: mechanisms and perspectives. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1311-21. [PMID: 24496911 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is in large part the consequence of senescence mechanisms that impact bone cell number and function. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence that contributes to the alteration of skeletal integrity during aging. These mechanisms can be classified as intrinsic senescence processes, alterations in endogenous anabolic factors, and changes in local support. Intrinsic senescence mechanisms cause cellular dysfunctions that are not tissue specific and include telomere shortening, accumulation of oxidative damage, impaired DNA repair, and altered epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene transcription. Aging mechanisms that are more relevant to the bone microenvironment include alterations in the expression and signaling of local growth factors and altered intercellular communications. This review provides an integrated overview of the current concepts and interacting mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence during aging and how they could be targeted to reduce the negative impact of senescence in the aging skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Ewens CA, Panico S, Kloppsteck P, McKeown C, Ebong IO, Robinson C, Zhang X, Freemont PS. The p97-FAF1 protein complex reveals a common mode of p97 adaptor binding. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12077-12084. [PMID: 24619421 PMCID: PMC4002113 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p97, also known as valosin-containing protein, is a versatile participant in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. p97 interacts with a large network of adaptor proteins to process ubiquitylated substrates in different cellular pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and transcription factor activation. p97 and its adaptor Fas-associated factor-1 (FAF1) both have roles in the ubiquitin-proteasome system during NF-κB activation, although the mechanisms are unknown. FAF1 itself also has emerging roles in other cell-cycle pathways and displays altered expression levels in various cancer cell lines. We have performed a detailed study the p97-FAF1 interaction. We show that FAF1 binds p97 stably and in a stoichiometry of 3 to 6. Cryo-EM analysis of p97-FAF1 yielded a 17 Å reconstruction of the complex with FAF1 above the p97 ring. Characteristics of p97-FAF1 uncovered in this study reveal common features in the interactions of p97, providing mechanistic insight into how p97 mediates diverse functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Ewens
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Panico
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Kloppsteck
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran McKeown
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ima-Obong Ebong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Freemont
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Sun HL, Wu YR, Huang C, Wang JW, Fu DJ, Liu YC. The Effect of SIRT6 on the Odontoblastic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2014; 40:393-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
221
|
Tsai CL, Chen WC, Hsieh HL, Chi PL, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. TNF-α induces matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 release via TRAF2-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:12. [PMID: 24502696 PMCID: PMC3926355 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be induced by cytokines including TNF-α and may contribute to bone inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying MMP-9 expression induced by TNF-α in MC3T3-E1 cells remain unclear. RESULTS We applied gelatin zymography, Western blot, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, selective pharmacological inhibitors of transcription (actinomycin D, Act.D), translation (cycloheximide, CHI), c-Src (PP1), MEK1/2 (U0126), p38 MAPK (SB202190), JNK1/2 (SP600125), and NF-κB (Bay11-7082), respective siRNAs transfection, promoter assay, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA to investigate the MMP-9 expression and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) release induced by TNF-α in MC3T3-E1 cells. Here we demonstrated that TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression was attenuated by Act.D, CHI, PP1, U0126, SB202190, SP600125, and Bay11-7082, and by the transfection with siRNAs for ERK2, p38 MAPK, and JNK2. TNF-α-stimulated TNFR1, TRAF2, and c-Src complex formation was revealed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Furthermore, TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB phosphorylation and translocation were blocked by Bay11-7082, but not by PP1, U0126, SB202190, or SP600125. TNF-α time-dependently induced MMP-9 promoter activity which was also inhibited by PP1, U0126, SB202190, SP600125, or Bay11-7082. Up-regulation of MMP-9 was associated with the release of sICAM-1 into the cultured medium, which was attenuated by the pretreatment with MMP-2/9i, an MMP-9 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that TNF-α up-regulates MMP-9 expression via c-Src, MAPKs, and NF-κB pathways. In addition, TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression may contribute to the production of sICAM-1 by MC3T3-E1 cells. The interplay between MMP-9 expression and sICAM-1 release may exert an important role in the regulation of bone inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Inhibitory activity on RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis of Glossogyne tenuifolia extract. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
223
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murill on Ovariectomized Osteopenic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:164817. [PMID: 24348690 PMCID: PMC3857733 DOI: 10.1155/2013/164817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murill (WSP-AbM) on ovariectomized osteopenic rats. The rats were administered orally WSP-AbM (200 mg/kg BW) for 8 weeks. Subsequent serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA) level, total antioxidant status (TAOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) level, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells level, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. WSP-AbM administration markedly (P < 0.05) decreased serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels and the expressions of ICAM-1, COX-2, and iNOS NF-κB compared with OVX rats. WSP-AbM administration alsomarkedly (P < 0.05) decreased PMN infiltration. In conclusion, we observed that WSP-AbM supplementation had anti-inflammatory effects in a model of osteoporosis disease.
Collapse
|
224
|
Huang RL, Yuan Y, Zou GM, Liu G, Tu J, Li Q. LPS-stimulated inflammatory environment inhibits BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through crosstalk between TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and BMP/Smad signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:277-89. [PMID: 24050190 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a novel differentiation factor that is capable of inducing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, making it an attractive option in treatment of bone defects, fractures, and spine fusions. Inflammation, which was a common situation during bone healing, is recognized to inhibit osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. However, the effect of inflammation on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation remains ambiguous. In this study, we showed that an inflammatory environment triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro would suppress BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which represented by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and down-regulated osteogenic genes. In addition, LPS activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via a TLR4/MyD88-dependent manner and inhibited BMP-2-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8. The blocking of NF-κB signaling by pretreatment with specific inhibitors such as BAY-11-7082, TPCK and PDTC, or by transfection with plasmids encoding p65 siRNA or IκBα siRNA could significantly reverse the inhibitory effect of LPS on BMP-2-induced BMP/Smad signaling and osteogenic differentiation. By contrast, even without stimulation of LPS, overexpression of p65 gene showed obvious inhibitory effects on BMP-2-induced BMP/Smad signaling and ALPase activity. These data indicate that the LPS-mediated inflammatory environment inhibits BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation, and that the crosstalk between TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and BMP/Smad signaling negatively modulates the osteoinductive capacity of BMP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Huang
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
225
|
Wang M, Chen G, Lu C, Xiao C, Li L, Niu X, He X, Jiang M, Lu A. Rheumatoid arthritis with deficiency pattern in traditional chinese medicine shows correlation with cold and hot patterns in gene expression profiles. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:248650. [PMID: 24174973 PMCID: PMC3794642 DOI: 10.1155/2013/248650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In our precious study, the correlation between cold and hot patterns in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and gene expression profiles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been explored. Based on TCM theory, deficiency pattern is another key pattern diagnosis among RA patients, which leads to a specific treatment principle in clinical management. Therefore, a further analysis was performed aiming at exploring the characteristic gene expression profile of deficiency pattern and its correlation with cold and hot patterns in RA patients by bioinformatics analysis approach based on gene expression profiles data detected with microarray technology. The TCM deficiency pattern-related genes network comprises 7 significantly, highly connected regions which are mainly involved in protein transcription processes, protein ubiquitination, toll-like receptor activated NF- κ B regulated gene transcription and apoptosis, RNA clipping, NF- κ B signal, nucleotide metabolism-related apoptosis, and immune response processes. Toll-like receptor activated NF- κ B regulated gene transcription and apoptosis pathways are potential specific pathways related to TCM deficiency patterns in RA patients; TCM deficiency pattern is probably related to immune response. Network analysis can be used as a powerful tool for detecting the characteristic mechanism related to specific TCM pattern and the correlations between different patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuyan Niu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
|
227
|
Mowla SN, Perkins ND, Jat PS. Friend or foe: emerging role of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in cell senescence. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1221-9. [PMID: 24043947 PMCID: PMC3772761 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) proteins are a family of ubiquitously expressed transcription factors that regulate the response to cellular stress. They mediate innate and adaptive immunity through the initiation of an inflammatory response to pro-inflammatory signals. The role of persistent inflammation in aiding tumor development has led to the NF-κB family of transcription factors being strongly implicated in promoting cancer. However, recent studies have now revealed that NF-κB can also function as a tumor suppressor through the induction of cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that normal cells undergo in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including: progressive telomere shortening, changes in telomeric structure, or other forms of genotoxic stress. Senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, contributing to tissue and organismal aging via the accumulation of senescent cells, depletion of stem/progenitor cells and secretion of an array of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. Senescence can also lead to the removal of potentially cancerous cells, thereby acting as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. Herein, we review the evidence indicating a role for NF-κB in tumor suppression via cellular senescence and suggest that depending upon the subunit expressed, the biological context, and the type and intensity of the signal, NF-κB can indeed promote senescence growth arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Mowla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Parmjit S Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Tetrameric peptide purified from hydrolysates of biodiesel byproducts of Nannochloropsis oculata induces osteoblastic differentiation through MAPK and Smad pathway on MG-63 and D1 cells. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
229
|
Yang C, Novack DV. Anti-cancer IAP antagonists promote bone metastasis: a cautionary tale. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:496-506. [PMID: 23740289 PMCID: PMC3962044 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is complex, containing bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bone-maintaining osteocytes, hematopoietic lineage cells, as well as blood vessels, nerves, and stromal cells. Release of embedded growth factors from the bone matrix via osteoclast resorption has been shown to participate in the alteration of bone microenvironment to facilitate tumor metastasis to this organ. Many types of malignancies including solid tumors and leukemias are associated with elevated levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and IAP antagonists represent an important emerging class of anti-cancer agents. IAPs exert anti-apoptotic roles by inhibiting caspases and upregulating pro-survival proteins, at least in part by activating classical NF-κB signaling. In addition, IAPs act as negative regulators in the alternative NF-κB pathway, so that IAP antagonists stimulate this pathway. The role of the classical NF-κB pathway in IAP antagonist-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied, whereas much less attention has been paid to the role of these agents in the alternative pathway. Thus far, several IAP antagonists have been tested in preclinical and early stage clinical trials, and have shown promise in sensitizing tumor cells to apoptosis without significant side effects. However, recent preclinical evidence suggests an increased risk of bone metastasis caused by IAP antagonists, along with potential for promoting osteoporosis. In this review, the connection between IAP antagonists, the alternative NF-κB pathway, osteoclasts, and bone metastasis are discussed. In light of these effects of IAP antagonists on the bone microenvironment, more attention should be paid to this and other host tissues as these drugs are developed further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Léotoing L, Wauquier F, Guicheux J, Miot-Noirault E, Wittrant Y, Coxam V. The polyphenol fisetin protects bone by repressing NF-κB and MKP-1-dependent signaling pathways in osteoclasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68388. [PMID: 23861901 PMCID: PMC3701685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone pathology leading to increase fractures risk and challenging quality of life. Since current treatments could exhibit deleterious side effects, the use of food compounds derived from plants represents a promising innovative alternative due to their potential therapeutic and preventive activities against human diseases. In this study, we investigated the ability of the polyphenol fisetin to counter osteoporosis and analyzed the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. In vivo, fisetin consumption significantly prevented bone loss in estrogen deficiency and inflammation mice osteoporosis models. Indeed, bone mineral density, micro-architecture parameters and bone markers were positively modulated by fisetin. Consistent with in vivo results, we showed that fisetin represses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity as demonstrated by an inhibition of multinucleated cells formation, TRAP activity and differentiation genes expression. The signaling pathways NF-κB, p38 MAPK, JNK and the key transcription factors c-Fos and NFATc1 expressions induced by RANKL, were negatively regulated by fisetin. We further showed that fisetin inhibits the constitutive proteasomal degradation of MKP-1, the phosphatase that deactivates p38 and JNK. Consistently, using shRNA stable cell lines, we demonstrated that impairment of MKP-1 decreases fisetin potency. Taken together, these results strongly support that fisetin should be further considered as a bone protective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Léotoing
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- NSERM, UMRS 791, LIOAD, Nantes, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, UMR 990, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A₂A and A₃ adenosine receptors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65561. [PMID: 23741498 PMCID: PMC3669296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) have an important role in the regulation of inflammation and their activation is involved in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on inflammation have been reported and we have demonstrated that PEMFs increased A2A and A3AR density and functionality in different cell lines. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are two key cell types in the skeletal system that play important role in cartilage and bone metabolism representing an interesting target to study the effect of PEMFs. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate if PEMF exposure potentiated the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A and/or A3ARs in T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence, mRNA analysis and saturation binding assays revealed that PEMF exposure up-regulated A2A and A3AR expression. A2A and A3ARs were able to modulate cAMP production and cell proliferation. The activation of A2A and A3ARs resulted in the decrease of some of the most relevant pro-inflammatory cytokine release such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, following the treatment with IL-1β as an inflammatory stimuli. In human chondrocyte and osteoblast cell lines, the inhibitory effect of A2A and A3AR stimulation on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an important lipid inflammatory mediator, was observed. In addition, in T/C-28a2 cells, the activation of A2A or A3ARs elicited an inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts, PEMF exposure determined an increase of osteoprotegerin (OPG) production. The effect of the A2A or A3AR agonists in the examined cells was enhanced in the presence of PEMFs and completely blocked by using well-known selective antagonists. These results demonstrated that PEMF exposure significantly increase the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A or A3ARs suggesting their potential therapeutic use in the therapy of inflammatory bone and joint disorders.
Collapse
|
232
|
Xia WF, Tang FL, Xiong L, Xiong S, Jung JU, Lee DH, Li XS, Feng X, Mei L, Xiong WC. Vps35 loss promotes hyperresorptive osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis via sustained RANKL signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 200:821-37. [PMID: 23509071 PMCID: PMC3601351 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201207154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis, an essential process for the initiation of bone remodeling to maintain healthy bone mass and structure. Although the signaling and function of RANK have been investigated extensively, much less is known about the negative regulatory mechanisms of its signaling. We demonstrate in this paper that RANK trafficking, signaling, and function are regulated by VPS35, a major component of the retromer essential for selective endosome to Golgi retrieval of membrane proteins. VPS35 loss of function altered RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced RANK distribution, enhanced RANKL sensitivity, sustained RANKL signaling, and increased hyperresorptive osteoclast (OC) formation. Hemizygous deletion of the Vps35 gene in mice promoted hyperresorptive osteoclastogenesis, decreased bone formation, and caused a subsequent osteoporotic deficit, including decreased trabecular bone volumes and reduced trabecular thickness and density in long bones. These results indicate that VPS35 critically deregulates RANK signaling, thus restraining increased formation of hyperresorptive OCs and preventing osteoporotic deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
233
|
NF-κB inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by promoting β-catenin degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9469-74. [PMID: 23690607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300532110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration and repair. In the realm of therapeutic bone regeneration, the defect or injured tissues are frequently inflamed with an abnormal expression of inflammatory mediators. Growing evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines inhibit osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Thus, for successful MSC-mediated repair, it is important to overcome the inflammation-mediated inhibition of tissue regeneration. In this study, using genetic and chemical approaches, we found that proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-17 stimulated IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB and impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In contrast, the inhibition of IKK-NF-κB significantly enhanced MSC-mediated bone formation. Mechanistically, we found that IKK-NF-κB activation promoted β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation through induction of Smurf1 and Smurf2. To translate our basic findings to potential clinic applications, we showed that the IKK small molecule inhibitor, IKKVI, enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. More importantly, the delivery of IKKVI promoted MSC-mediated craniofacial bone regeneration and repair in vivo. Considering the well established role of NF-κB in inflammation and infection, our results suggest that targeting IKK-NF-κB may have dual benefits in enhancing bone regeneration and repair and inhibiting inflammation, and this concept may also have applicability in many other tissue regeneration situations.
Collapse
|
234
|
Boyce BF. Advances in osteoclast biology reveal potential new drug targets and new roles for osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:711-22. [PMID: 23436579 PMCID: PMC3613781 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated myeloid lineage cells formed in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by fusion of bone marrow-derived precursors that circulate in the blood and are attracted to sites of bone resorption in response to factors, such as sphingosine-1 phosphate signaling. Major advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast functions have been made in the past 20 years, mainly from mouse and human genetic studies. These have revealed that osteoclasts express and respond to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines activate NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling to induce osteoclast formation and activity and also regulate communication with neighboring cells through signaling proteins, including ephrins and semaphorins. Osteoclasts also positively and negatively regulate immune responses and osteoblastic bone formation. These advances have led to development of new inhibitors of bone resorption that are in clinical use or in clinical trials; and more should follow, based on these advances. This article reviews current understanding of how bone resorption is regulated both positively and negatively in normal and pathologic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Norisoboldine suppresses osteoclast differentiation through preventing the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and activation of MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos/NFATc1 Pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59171. [PMID: 23536866 PMCID: PMC3594163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR) is the main alkaloid constituent in the dry root of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (L. strychnifolia Vill.). As reported previously, orally administered NOR displayed a robust inhibition of joint bone destruction present in both mouse collagen-induced arthritis and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis with lower efficacious doses than that required for ameliorating systemic inflammation. This attracted us to assess the effects of NOR on differentiation and function of osteoclasts, primary effector cells for inflammatory bone destruction, to get insight into its anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms. Both RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were stimulated with RANKL (100 ng/mL) to establish osteoclast differentiation models. ELISA, RT-PCR, gelatin zymography, western blotting, immunoprecipitation and EMSA were used to reveal related signalling pathways. NOR (10 and 30 µM), without significant cytotoxicity, showed significant reduction of the number of osteoclasts and the resorption pit areas, and it targeted osteoclast differentiation at the early stage. In conjunction with the anti-resorption effect of NOR, mRNA levels of cathepsin K and MMP-9 were decreased, and the activity of MMP-9 was attenuated. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies indicated that NOR obviously suppressed the ubiquitination of TRAF6, the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. However, NOR had little effect on expressions of TRAF6 or the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Moreover, NOR markedly inhibited expressions of transcription factor NFATc1, but not c-Fos. Intriguingly, the subsequent nuclear translocations of c-Fos and NFATc1 were substantially down-regulated. Hence, we demonstrated for the first time that preventing the differentiation and function of osteoclasts at the early stage was an important anti-bone destruction mechanism of NOR, which might be attributed to inhibition of ubiquitination of TRAF6, the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and the activation of MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos/NFATc1 pathways.
Collapse
|
236
|
Nuclear factor-κB modulates osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells through competition with β-catenin signaling in inflammatory microenvironments. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e510. [PMID: 23449446 PMCID: PMC3734811 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can influence multipotency and self-renewal of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in their awakened bone-regeneration ability. Human periodontal ligament tissue-derived MSCs (PDLSCs) have been isolated, and their differentiation potential was found to be defective due to β-catenin signaling indirectly regulated by inflammatory microenvironments. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is well studied in inflammation by many different groups. The role of NF-κB needs to be studied in PDLSCs, although genetic evidences have recently shown that NF-κB inhibits osteoblastic bone formation in mice. However, the mechanism as to how inflammation leads to the modulation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling remains unclear. In this study, we investigated β-catenin and NF-κB signaling through regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity (GSK-3β, which modulates β-catenin and NF-κB signaling) using a specific inhibitor LiCl and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY 294002. We identified that NF-κB signaling might be more important for the regulation of osteogenesis in PDLSCs from periodontitis compared with β-catenin. BAY 11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB) could inhibit phosphorylation of p65 and partly rescue the differentiation potential of PDLSCs in inflammation. Our data indicate that NF-κB has a central role in regulating osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in inflammatory microenvironments. Given the molecular mechanisms of NF-κB in osteogenic differentiation governed by inflammation, it can be said that NF-κB helps in improving stem cell-mediated inflammatory bone disease therapy.
Collapse
|
237
|
Check L, Marteel-Parrish A. The fate and behavior of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals: examining lead (Pb) as a PBT metal. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 28:85-96. [PMID: 24192495 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2013-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals are a class of chemicals that resist degradation and persist in the environment for extensive periods. As a result of their persistence, when these chemicals are consumed, they bioaccumulate in the fat tissues, bones, and brain of organisms. Lead (Pb) is a PBT metal with the ability to bind irreversibly to neurons and to mimic natural minerals like calcium and zinc. The aim of this review is to examine the unique properties of a PBT, like Pb, as well as the analytic methods of detecting and characterizing PBTs. This review offers sections that explore Pb's persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation in fish and birds, and toxic characteristics in the human body. It further examines how Pb's effects on transcription factors could explain the observed Pb lines in Pb-poisoned individuals. This review also evaluates the relationship between the properties of persistence and bioaccumulation as a means to determine whether or not they are interconnected, interdependent, or independent of one another.
Collapse
|
238
|
Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Beyond gap junctions: Connexin43 and bone cell signaling. Bone 2013; 52:157-66. [PMID: 23041511 PMCID: PMC3513515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein expressed in bone cells and plays a central role in cell-to-cell communication in the skeleton. Findings of the last decade uncovered functions of Cx43 hemichannels expressed on unopposed plasma cell membranes as mediators of the communication between bone cells and their extracellular milieu. Additionally, through its cytoplasmic C-terminus domain, Cx43 serves as a scaffolding protein that associates with structural and signaling molecules leading to regulation of intracellular signaling, independent of channel activity. This perspective discusses the evidence demonstrating that via these diverse mechanisms Cx43 is a key component of the intracellular machinery responsible for signal transduction in bone in response to pharmacologic, hormonal and mechanical stimuli. This advance in the knowledge of the role of connexins increases our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that regulate bone cell function and provides new opportunities to treat bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Sarkar A, Datta P, Gomes A, Gupta SCD, Gomes A. Anti-Osteoporosis and Anti-Osteoarthritis Activity of Fresh Water Snail <i>(Viviparous bengalensis)</i> Flesh Extract in Experimental Animal Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojra.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
240
|
Yamamoto T, Hinoi E, Fujita H, Iezaki T, Takahata Y, Takamori M, Yoneda Y. The natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevent bone loss through preferential disruption of osteoclastic activation in ovariectomized mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1084-96. [PMID: 22250848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although naturally occurring polyamines are indispensable for a variety of cellular events in eukaryotic cells, little attention has been paid to their physiological and pathological significance in bone remodelling to date. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological properties of several natural polyamines on the functionality and integrity of bone in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and subsequent oral supplementation with either spermidine or spermine for determination of the bone volume together with different parameters regarding bone formation and resorption by histomorphometric analyses in vivo. Pre-osteoclasts were cultured with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), with or without spermidine and spermine to determine cellular maturation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and cellular viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction in vitro. KEY RESULTS Spermidine or spermine, given in drinking water for 28 days, significantly prevented the increased osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and the reduced bone volume following OVX in mice. Either spermidine or spermine significantly inhibited the increased number of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells in osteoclasts cultured with RANKL in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevented OVX-induced bone loss through the disruption of differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, rather than affecting osteoblasts. The supplementation with these natural polyamines could be beneficial for the prophylaxis as well as therapy of metabolic bone diseases such as post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Nicolaidou V, Wong MM, Redpath AN, Ersek A, Baban DF, Williams LM, Cope AP, Horwood NJ. Monocytes induce STAT3 activation in human mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteoblast formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39871. [PMID: 22802946 PMCID: PMC3389003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major therapeutic challenge is how to replace bone once it is lost. Bone loss is a characteristic of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Cells and cytokines of the immune system are known to regulate bone turnover by controlling the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells. However, less is known about the regulation of osteoblasts (OB), the bone forming cells. This study aimed to investigate whether immune cells also regulate OB differentiation. Using in vitro cell cultures of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), it was shown that monocytes/macrophages potently induced MSC differentiation into OBs. This was evident by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after 7 days and the formation of mineralised bone nodules at 21 days. This monocyte-induced osteogenic effect was mediated by cell contact with MSCs leading to the production of soluble factor(s) by the monocytes. As a consequence of these interactions we observed a rapid activation of STAT3 in the MSCs. Gene profiling of STAT3 constitutively active (STAT3C) infected MSCs using Illumina whole human genome arrays showed that Runx2 and ALP were up-regulated whilst DKK1 was down-regulated in response to STAT3 signalling. STAT3C also led to the up-regulation of the oncostatin M (OSM) and LIF receptors. In the co-cultures, OSM that was produced by monocytes activated STAT3 in MSCs, and neutralising antibodies to OSM reduced ALP by 50%. These data indicate that OSM, in conjunction with other mediators, can drive MSC differentiation into OB. This study establishes a role for monocyte/macrophages as critical regulators of osteogenic differentiation via OSM production and the induction of STAT3 signalling in MSCs. Inducing the local activation of STAT3 in bone cells may be a valuable tool to increase bone formation in osteoporosis and arthritis, and in localised bone remodelling during fracture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Nicolaidou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andia N. Redpath
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Ersek
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dilair F. Baban
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M. Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Cope
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J. Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Otero JE, Chen T, Zhang K, Abu-Amer Y. Constitutively active canonical NF-κB pathway induces severe bone loss in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38694. [PMID: 22685599 PMCID: PMC3369901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologic osteoclastogenesis entails activation of multiple signal transduction pathways distal to the cell membrane receptor RANK. However, atypical osteoclastogenesis driven by pro-inflammatory stimuli has been described. We have reported recently a novel mechanism whereby endogenous mutational activation of the classical NF-κB pathway is sufficient to induce RANKL/RANK-independent osteoclastogenesis. Here we investigate the physiologic relevance of this phenomenon in vivo. Using a knock-in approach, the active form of IKK2, namely IKK2SSEE, was introduced into the myeloid lineage with the aid of CD11b-cre mice. Phenotypic assessment revealed that expression of IKK2SSEE in the myeloid compartment induced significant bone loss in vivo. This observation was supported by a dramatic increase in the number and size of osteoclasts in trabecular regions, elevated levels of circulating TRACP-5b, and reduced bone volume. Mechanistically, we observed that IKK2SSEE induced high expression of not only p65 but also p52 and RelB; the latter two molecules are considered exclusive members of the alternative NF-κB pathway. Intriguingly, RelB and P52 were both required to mediate the osteoclastogenic effect of IKK2SSEE and co-expression of these two proteins was sufficient to recapitulate osteoclastogenesis in the absence of RANKL or IKK2SSEE. Furthermore, we found that NF-κB2/p100 is a potent inhibitor of IKK2SSEE-induced osteoclastogenesis. Deletion of p52 enabled more robust osteoclast formation by the active kinase. In summary, molecular activation of IKK2 may play a role in conditions of pathologic bone destruction, which may be refractory to therapeutic interventions targeting the proximal RANKL/RANK signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E. Otero
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tim Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Caron MMJ, Emans PJ, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Voncken JW, Welting TJM, van Rhijn LW. Activation of NF-κB/p65 facilitates early chondrogenic differentiation during endochondral ossification. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33467. [PMID: 22428055 PMCID: PMC3299787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-κB/p65 has been reported to be involved in regulation of chondrogenic differentiation. However, its function in relation to key chondrogenic factor Sox9 and onset of chondrogenesis during endochondral ossification is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the early onset of chondrogenic differentiation is initiated by transient NF-κB/p65 signaling. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The role of NF-κB/p65 in early chondrogenesis was investigated in different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo endochondral models: ATDC5 cells, hBMSCs, chicken periosteal explants and growth plates of 6 weeks old mice. NF-κB/p65 activation was manipulated using pharmacological inhibitors, RNAi and activating agents. Gene expression and protein expression analysis, and (immuno)histochemical stainings were employed to determine the role of NF-κB/p65 in the chondrogenic phase of endochondral development. Our data show that chondrogenic differentiation is facilitated by early transient activation of NF-κB/p65. NF-κB/p65-mediated signaling determines early expression of Sox9 and facilitates the subsequent chondrogenic differentiation programming by signaling through key chondrogenic pathways. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The presented data demonstrate that NF-κB/p65 signaling, as well as its intensity and timing, represents one of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the chondrogenic developmental program of chondroprogenitor cells during endochondral ossification. Importantly, these results provide novel possibilities to improve the success of cartilage and bone regenerative techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M. J. Caron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A. M. Surtel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Hayden MS, Ghosh S. NF-κB, the first quarter-century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions. Genes Dev 2012; 26:203-34. [PMID: 22302935 DOI: 10.1101/gad.183434.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1282] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense and adjust to the environment is crucial to life. For multicellular organisms, the ability to respond to external changes is essential not only for survival but also for normal development and physiology. Although signaling events can directly modify cellular function, typically signaling acts to alter transcriptional responses to generate both transient and sustained changes. Rapid, but transient, changes in gene expression are mediated by inducible transcription factors such as NF-κB. For the past 25 years, NF-κB has served as a paradigm for inducible transcription factors and has provided numerous insights into how signaling events influence gene expression and physiology. Since its discovery as a regulator of expression of the κ light chain gene in B cells, research on NF-κB continues to yield new insights into fundamental cellular processes. Advances in understanding the mechanisms that regulate NF-κB have been accompanied by progress in elucidating the biological significance of this transcription factor in various physiological processes. NF-κB likely plays the most prominent role in the development and function of the immune system and, not surprisingly, when dysregulated, contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammatory disease. As our appreciation of the fundamental role of inflammation in disease pathogenesis has increased, so too has the importance of NF-κB as a key regulatory molecule gained progressively greater significance. However, despite the tremendous progress that has been made in understanding the regulation of NF-κB, there is much that remains to be understood. In this review, we highlight both the progress that has been made and the fundamental questions that remain unanswered after 25 years of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hayden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Abstract
The noncanonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway mediates activation of the p52/RelB NF-κB complex and, thereby, regulates specific immunological processes. This NF-κB pathway relies on the inducible processing of NF-κB2 precursor protein, p100, as opposed to the degradation of IκBα in the canonical NF-κB pathway. A central signaling component of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway is NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), which functions together with a downstream kinase, IKKα (inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α), to induce phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and processing of p100. Under normal conditions, NIK is targeted for continuous degradation by a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF3)-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase. In response to signals mediated by a subset of TNF receptor superfamily members, NIK becomes stabilized as a result of TRAF3 degradation, leading to the activation of noncanonical NF-κB. This review discusses both the historical perspectives and the recent progress in the regulation and biological function of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Abstract
Bone remodeling and cartilage maintenance are strongly influenced by biomechanical signals generated by mechanical loading. Although moderate loading is required to maintain bone mass and cartilage homeostasis, loading can cause deleterious effects such as bone fracture and cartilage degradation. Because a tight coupling exists between cartilage and bone, alterations in one tissue can affect the other. Bone marrow lesions are often associated with an increased risk of developing cartilage defects, and changes in the articular cartilage integrity are linked to remodeling responses in the underlying bone. Although mechanisms regulating the maintenance of these two tissues are different, compelling evidence indicates that the signal pathways crosstalk, particularly with the Wnt pathway. A better understanding of the complex tempero-spatial interplay between bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration will help develop a therapeutic loading strategy that prevents bone loss and cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|