201
|
Kamimura M, Sugawara M, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Nakanishi J. Dynamic control of cell adhesion on a stiffness-tunable substrate for analyzing the mechanobiology of collective cell migration. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:933-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A photoactivatable gel substrate with defined mechanical properties was developed to study the mechanobiology of collective cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kamimura
- WPI Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Michiko Sugawara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Kazuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- WPI Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
|
203
|
Hoffman BD, Yap AS. Towards a Dynamic Understanding of Cadherin-Based Mechanobiology. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:803-814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
204
|
Sharma Y, Vargas DA, Pegoraro AF, Lepzelter D, Weitz DA, Zaman MH. Collective motion of mammalian cell cohorts in 3D. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1526-33. [PMID: 26549557 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is ubiquitous in biology, from development to cancer; it occurs in complex systems comprised of heterogeneous cell types, signals and matrices, and requires large scale regulation in space and time. Understanding how cells achieve organized collective motility is crucial to addressing cellular and tissue function and disease progression. While current two-dimensional model systems recapitulate the dynamic properties of collective cell migration, quantitative three-dimensional equivalent model systems have proved elusive. To establish such a model system, we study cell collectives by tracking individuals within cell cohorts embedded in three dimensional collagen scaffolding. We develop a custom algorithm to quantify the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of motion in cell cohorts during motility events. In the absence of external driving agents, we show that these cohorts rotate in short bursts, <2 hours, and translate for up to 6 hours. We observe, track, and analyze three dimensional motion of cell cohorts composed of 3-31 cells, and pave a path toward understanding cell collectives in 3D as a complex emergent system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
205
|
Problems in biology with many scales of length: Cell-cell adhesion and cell jamming in collective cellular migration. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:54-59. [PMID: 26546401 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As do all things in biology, cell mechanosensation, adhesion and migration begin at the scale of the molecule. Collections of molecules assemble to comprise microscale objects such as adhesions, organelles and cells. And collections of cells in turn assemble to comprise macroscale tissues. From the points of view of mechanism and causality, events at the molecular scale are seen most often as being the most upstream and, therefore, the most fundamental and the most important. In certain collective systems, by contrast, events at many scales of length conspire to make contributions of equal importance, and even interact directly and strongly across disparate scales. Here we highlight recent examples in cellular mechanosensing and collective cellular migration where physics at some scale bigger than the cell but smaller than the tissue - the mesoscale - becomes the missing link that is required to tie together findings that might otherwise seem counterintuitive or even unpredictable. These examples, taken together, establish that the phenotypes and the underlying physics of collective cellular migration are far richer than previously anticipated.
Collapse
|
206
|
Vieira AF, Paredes J. P-cadherin and the journey to cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:178. [PMID: 26438065 PMCID: PMC4595126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a classical cell-to-cell adhesion molecule with a homeostatic function in several normal tissues. However, its behaviour in the malignant setting is notably dependent on the cellular context. In some tumour models, such as melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma, P-cadherin acts as a tumour suppressor, since its absence is associated with a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype; nevertheless, the overexpression of this molecule is linked to significant tumour promoting effects in the breast, ovarian, prostate, endometrial, skin, gastric, pancreas and colon neoplasms. Herein, we review the role of P-cadherin in cancer cell invasion, as well as in loco-regional and distant metastatic dissemination. We focus in P-cadherin signalling pathways that are activated to induce invasion and metastasis, as well as cancer stem cell properties. The signalling network downstream of P-cadherin is notably dependent on the cellular and tissue context and includes the activation of integrin molecules, receptor tyrosine kinases, small molecule GTPases, EMT transcription factors, and crosstalk with other cadherin family members. As new oncogenic molecular pathways mediated by P-cadherin are uncovered, putative therapeutic options can be tested, which will allow for the targeting of invasion or metastatic disease, depending on the tumour model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Park JA, Kim JH, Bi D, Mitchel JA, Qazvini NT, Tantisira K, Park CY, McGill M, Kim SH, Gweon B, Notbohm J, Steward R, Burger S, Randell SH, Kho AT, Tambe DT, Hardin C, Shore SA, Israel E, Weitz DA, Tschumperlin DJ, Henske EP, Weiss ST, Lisa Manning M, Butler JP, Drazen JM, Fredberg JJ. Unjamming and cell shape in the asthmatic airway epithelium. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1040-8. [PMID: 26237129 PMCID: PMC4666305 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
From coffee beans flowing in a chute to cells remodelling in a living tissue, a wide variety of close-packed collective systems-both inert and living-have the potential to jam. The collective can sometimes flow like a fluid or jam and rigidify like a solid. The unjammed-to-jammed transition remains poorly understood, however, and structural properties characterizing these phases remain unknown. Using primary human bronchial epithelial cells, we show that the jamming transition in asthma is linked to cell shape, thus establishing in that system a structural criterion for cell jamming. Surprisingly, the collapse of critical scaling predicts a counter-intuitive relationship between jamming, cell shape and cell-cell adhesive stresses that is borne out by direct experimental observations. Cell shape thus provides a rigorous structural signature for classification and investigation of bronchial epithelial layer jamming in asthma, and potentially in any process in disease or development in which epithelial dynamics play a prominent role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.-A.P.
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - Nader Taheri Qazvini
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179, Iran
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chan Young Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Maureen McGill
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bomi Gweon
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert Steward
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Burger
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Alvin T. Kho
- Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Dhananjay T. Tambe
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - Corey Hardin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - James P. Butler
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Drazen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
208
|
Monitoring developmental force distributions in reconstituted embryonic epithelia. Methods 2015; 94:101-13. [PMID: 26342256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The way cells are organized within a tissue dictates how they sense and respond to extracellular signals, as cues are received and interpreted based on expression and organization of receptors, downstream signaling proteins, and transcription factors. Part of this microenvironmental context is the result of forces acting on the cell, including forces from other cells or from the cellular substrate or basement membrane. However, measuring forces exerted on and by cells is difficult, particularly in an in vivo context, and interpreting how forces affect downstream cellular processes poses an even greater challenge. Here, we present a simple method for monitoring and analyzing forces generated from cell collectives. We demonstrate the ability to generate traction force data from human embryonic stem cells grown in large organized epithelial sheets to determine the magnitude and organization of cell-ECM and cell-cell forces within a self-renewing colony. We show that this method can be used to measure forces in a dynamic hESC system and demonstrate the ability to map intracolony protein localization to force organization.
Collapse
|
209
|
Collective cell migration: guidance principles and hierarchies. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:556-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
210
|
Collins C, Nelson WJ. Running with neighbors: coordinating cell migration and cell-cell adhesion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26201843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated movement of large groups of cells is required for many biological processes, such as gastrulation and wound healing. During collective cell migration, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions must be integrated so that cells maintain strong interactions with neighboring cells and the underlying substratum. Initiation and maintenance of cadherin adhesions at cell-cell junctions and integrin-based cell-ECM adhesions require integration of mechanical cues, dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and input from specific signaling cascades, including Rho family GTPases. Here, we summarize recent advances made in understanding the interplay between these pathways at cadherin-based and integrin-based adhesions during collective cell migration and highlight outstanding questions that remain in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Collins
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and progressive airway remodeling. The airway epithelium is known to play a critical role in the initiation and perpetuation of these processes. Here, we review how excessive epithelial stress generated by bronchoconstriction is sufficient to induce airway remodeling, even in the absence of inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts
| | | | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Sim JY, Moeller J, Hart KC, Ramallo D, Vogel V, Dunn AR, Nelson WJ, Pruitt BL. Spatial distribution of cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions regulates force balance while main-taining E-cadherin molecular tension in cell pairs. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2456-65. [PMID: 25971797 PMCID: PMC4571300 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell shape and the spatial distributions of cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions govern the force balance in cell pairs. Cell–ECM adhesions at the distal ends of cell–cell junctions regulate junction length and the balance of forces across the junction, while molecular tension in E-cadherin remains constant. Mechanical linkage between cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions regulates cell shape changes during embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis. We examined how the force balance between cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions changes with cell spread area and aspect ratio in pairs of MDCK cells. We used ECM micropatterning to drive different cytoskeleton strain energy states and cell-generated traction forces and used a Förster resonance energy transfer tension biosensor to ask whether changes in forces across cell–cell junctions correlated with E-cadherin molecular tension. We found that continuous peripheral ECM adhesions resulted in increased cell–cell and cell–ECM forces with increasing spread area. In contrast, confining ECM adhesions to the distal ends of cell–cell pairs resulted in shorter junction lengths and constant cell–cell forces. Of interest, each cell within a cell pair generated higher strain energies than isolated single cells of the same spread area. Surprisingly, E-cadherin molecular tension remained constant regardless of changes in cell–cell forces and was evenly distributed along cell–cell junctions independent of cell spread area and total traction forces. Taken together, our results showed that cell pairs maintained constant E-cadherin molecular tension and regulated total forces relative to cell spread area and shape but independently of total focal adhesion area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jens Moeller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kevin C Hart
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Diego Ramallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Tarle V, Ravasio A, Hakim V, Gov NS. Modeling the finger instability in an expanding cell monolayer. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1218-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Curvature-controlled cellular forces at the edge of an expanding monolayer are sufficient for the initiation and growth of finger-like instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tarle
- Department of Chemical Physics
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Vincent Hakim
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique
- CNRS
- Université P et M Curie
- Université Paris Diderot
- Ecole Normale Supérieure
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical Physics
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|