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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for intracellular quality control and homeostasis. Therefore, careful regulation of autophagy is very important. In the past 10 years, a number of studies have reported that estrogenic effectors affect autophagy. However, some results, especially those regarding the modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on autophagy seem inconsistent. Moreover, several clinical trials are already in place combining both autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors with endocrine therapies for breast cancer. Not all patients experience benefit, which further confuses and complicates our understanding of the main effects of autophagy in estrogen-related cancer. In view of the importance of the crosstalk between estrogen signaling and autophagy, this review summarizes the estrogenic effectors reported to affect autophagy, subcellular distribution and translocation of estrogen receptors, autophagy-targeted transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and histone modifications regulated by E2. Upon stimulation with estrogen, there will always be opposing functional actions, which might occur between different receptors, receptors on TFs, TFs on autophagy genes, or even histone modifications on transcription. The huge signaling network downstream of estrogen can promote autophagy and reduce overstimulated autophagy at the same time, which allows autophagy to be regulated by estrogen in a restricted range. To help understand how the estrogenic regulation of autophagy affects cell fate, a hypothetical model is presented here. Finally, we discuss some exciting new directions in the field. We hope this might help to better understand the multiple associations between estrogen and autophagy, the pathogenic mechanisms of many estrogen-related diseases, and to design novel and efficacious therapeutics. Abbreviations: AP-1, activator protein-1; HATs, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Hong-Lu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yu-Yang Miao
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Qi
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
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202
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Liu X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Liu L, Zeng Q, Yin M, Wang Y, Song D, Deng H. MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent activation of the transcription factor EB. FASEB J 2018; 33:1468-1481. [PMID: 30161000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome has a crucial role in clearance of endocytosed pathogens from the cell. Small molecules that can boost lysosome function and bactericidal ability to cope with subsequent infection are urgently needed. Here, we report that MPB, a novel berberine derivative, induced lysosome-based degradation and clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in macrophages. MPB caused nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which boosted expression of lysosome genes. TFEB silencing repressed the MPB-mediated enhancements in degradation and bacterial eradication. MPB switched on TFEB nuclear translocation by coupling 2 parallel signaling pathways. MPB-triggered JNK activation led to 14-3-3δ being released from TFEB, which, in turn, caused TFEB nuclear translocation. In addition, MPB induced AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin activity, which also contributed to TFEB nuclear translocation. Importantly, genetical or pharmaceutical inhibition of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) reduced MPB action remarkably. MPB acted through TAK1 at lysine 158 to activate JNK and AMPK and, thus, induced TFEB-dependent bactericidal activity in macrophages. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which MPB controls JNK and AMPK phosphorylation cascades to activate lysosomal function and bactericidal activity via TAK1 K158-dependent manner, which may offer insight into novel therapeutic strategies to control bacterial infection.-Liu, X., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Zeng, Q., Yin, M., Wang, Y., Song, D., Deng, H. MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent activation of the transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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203
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Presenilin 1 deficiency suppresses autophagy in human neural stem cells through reducing γ-secretase-independent ERK/CREB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:879. [PMID: 30158533 PMCID: PMC6115391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy impairment is commonly implicated in the pathological characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Presenilin 1 (PS1) expression in human brain gradually decreases with age and its mutations account for the most common cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). The dominant autophagy phenotypes occur in PS1-knockout and PS1 mutant neurons; it is still unknown whether PS1 deficiency causes serious autophagy impairment in neural stem cells (NSCs). Herein, we generated the heterozygote and homozygote of PS1 knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing and differentiated them into human NSCs. In these human PS1-deficient NSCs, reduced autophagosome formation and downregulated expression of autophagy–lysosome pathway (ALP)-related mRNAs, as well as proteins were observed. Mechanistically, ERK/CREB inhibition and GSK3β activation had key roles in reducing TFEB expression in PS1-knockout NSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β upregulated the expression of TFEB and ALP-related proteins in PS1-knockout NSCs, whereas this effect could be blocked by CREB inhibition. These findings demonstrate that PS1 deficiency causes autophagy suppression in human NSCs via downregulating ERK/CREB signaling.
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204
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Boland B, Yu WH, Corti O, Mollereau B, Henriques A, Bezard E, Pastores GM, Rubinsztein DC, Nixon RA, Duchen MR, Mallucci GR, Kroemer G, Levine B, Eskelinen EL, Mochel F, Spedding M, Louis C, Martin OR, Millan MJ. Promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:660-688. [PMID: 30116051 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of ageing (NDAs) such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment. They are often called 'proteinopathies' owing to the presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins that lose their physiological roles and acquire neurotoxic properties. One reason underlying the accumulation and spread of oligomeric forms of neurotoxic proteins is insufficient clearance by the autophagic-lysosomal network. Several other clearance pathways are also compromised in NDAs: chaperone-mediated autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, extracellular clearance by proteases and extrusion into the circulation via the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system. This article focuses on emerging mechanisms for promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, a strategy that may curtail the onset and slow the progression of NDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olga Corti
- ICM Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Erwan Bezard
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Greg M Pastores
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge and UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Duchen
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Louis
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier R Martin
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Orléans, France
| | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
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205
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Napolitano G, Esposito A, Choi H, Matarese M, Benedetti V, Di Malta C, Monfregola J, Medina DL, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ballabio A. mTOR-dependent phosphorylation controls TFEB nuclear export. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3312. [PMID: 30120233 PMCID: PMC6098152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During starvation the transcriptional activation of catabolic processes is induced by the nuclear translocation and consequent activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master modulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. However, how TFEB is inactivated upon nutrient refeeding is currently unknown. Here we show that TFEB subcellular localization is dynamically controlled by its continuous shuttling between the cytosol and the nucleus, with the nuclear export representing a limiting step. TFEB nuclear export is mediated by CRM1 and is modulated by nutrient availability via mTOR-dependent hierarchical multisite phosphorylation of serines S142 and S138, which are localized in proximity of a nuclear export signal (NES). Our data on TFEB nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling suggest an unpredicted role of mTOR in nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Heejun Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Maria Matarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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206
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Shen YM, Chen DZ. An Explorer of Chemical Biology of Plant Natural Products in Southwest China, Xiaojiang Hao. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:217-226. [PMID: 30032475 PMCID: PMC6102171 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xiaojiang Hao, who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1985, and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, in 1990, was born in Chongqing in July, 1951. In 1991, he returned to KIB, CAS, as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry. In 1994, he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute. He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997, and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005. Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers, which have been cited over 6000 times. He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China. Due to his tremendous efforts, one candidate drug, phenchlobenpyrrone, has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times, and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Academic City, No. 3491 Platina Way, Hi-tech Zone, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duo-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
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207
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Bautista SJ, Boras I, Vissa A, Mecica N, Yip CM, Kim PK, Antonescu CN. mTOR complex 1 controls the nuclear localization and function of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14723-14739. [PMID: 30061153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylates and thereby regulates a wide range of protein substrates involved in diverse cellular functions. Some GSK3β substrates, such as c-Myc and Snail, are nuclear transcription factors, suggesting the possibility that GSK3β function is controlled through its nuclear localization. Here, using ARPE-19 and MDA-MB-231 human cell lines, we found that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to partial redistribution of GSK3β from the cytosol to the nucleus and to a GSK3β-dependent reduction of the levels of both c-Myc and Snail. mTORC1 is known to be controlled by metabolic cues, such as by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or amino acid abundance, and we observed here that AMPK activation or amino acid deprivation promotes GSK3β nuclear localization in an mTORC1-dependent manner. GSK3β was detected on several distinct endomembrane compartments, including lysosomes. Consistently, disruption of late endosomes/lysosomes through a perturbation of RAS oncogene family member 7 (Rab7) resulted in loss of GSK3β from lysosomes and in enhanced GSK3β nuclear localization as well as GSK3β-dependent reduction of c-Myc levels. These findings indicate that the nuclear localization and function of GSK3β is suppressed by mTORC1 and suggest a link between metabolic conditions sensed by mTORC1 and GSK3β-dependent regulation of transcriptional networks controlling cellular biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bautista
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3
| | - Ivan Boras
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3
| | - Adriano Vissa
- the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5.,the Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4
| | - Noa Mecica
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3
| | - Christopher M Yip
- the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5.,the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, and.,the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- the Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4.,the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, and
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, .,the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8
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208
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Xue X, Ren J, Sun X, Gui Y, Feng Y, Shu B, Wei W, Lu Q, Liang Y, He W, Yang J, Dai C. Protein kinase Cα drives fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis by stimulating autophagic flux. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11119-11130. [PMID: 29794026 PMCID: PMC6052200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a histological hallmark of chronic kidney disease and arises in large part through extracellular matrix deposition by activated fibroblasts. The signaling protein complex mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) plays a critical role in fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) is one of the major sub-pathways of mTORC2, but its role in fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis remains to be determined. Here, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) activates PKCα signaling in cultured NRK-49F cells in a time-dependent manner. Blocking PKCα signaling with the chemical inhibitor Go6976 or by transfection with PKCα siRNA largely reduced expression of the autophagy-associated protein lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and also inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic flux in the cells. Similarly to chloroquine, Go6976 treatment and PKCα siRNA transfection also markedly inhibited TGFβ1-induced fibroblast activation. In murine fibrotic kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) nephropathy, PKCα signaling is activated in the interstitial myofibroblasts. Go6976 administration largely blocked autophagic flux in fibroblasts in the fibrotic kidneys and attenuated the UUO nephropathy. Together, our findings suggest that blocking PKCα activity may retard autophagic flux and thereby prevent fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xue
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Jiafa Ren
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
- the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Yuan Gui
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Ye Feng
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Bingyan Shu
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Wei Wei
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Qingmiao Lu
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Yan Liang
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Weichun He
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Junwei Yang
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
| | - Chunsun Dai
- From the Center for Kidney Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China and
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209
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Li L, Friedrichsen HJ, Andrews S, Picaud S, Volpon L, Ngeow K, Berridge G, Fischer R, Borden KLB, Filippakopoulos P, Goding CR. A TFEB nuclear export signal integrates amino acid supply and glucose availability. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2685. [PMID: 29992949 PMCID: PMC6041281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How cells coordinate the response to fluctuating carbon and nitrogen availability required to maintain effective homeostasis is a key issue. Amino acid limitation that inactivates mTORC1 promotes de-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a key transcriptional regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy that is deregulated in cancer and neurodegeneration. Beyond its cytoplasmic sequestration, how TFEB phosphorylation regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, and whether TFEB can coordinate amino acid supply with glucose availability is poorly understood. Here we show that TFEB phosphorylation on S142 primes for GSK3β phosphorylation on S138, and that phosphorylation of both sites but not either alone activates a previously unrecognized nuclear export signal (NES). Importantly, GSK3β is inactivated by AKT in response to mTORC2 signaling triggered by glucose limitation. Remarkably therefore, the TFEB NES integrates carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (amino acid) availability by controlling TFEB flux through a nuclear import-export cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hans J Friedrichsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Andrews
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marcel-Coutou, Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kaochin Ngeow
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Georgina Berridge
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marcel-Coutou, Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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210
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Quiroga AD, Lehner R. Pharmacological intervention of liver triacylglycerol lipolysis: The good, the bad and the ugly. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:233-241. [PMID: 30006193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation is the distinctive feature of obesity. In the liver, sustained TG accretion leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), eventually progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, which is associated with complications including hepatic failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Pharmacological interventions are actively pursued to prevent lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and, therefore, to ameliorate the associated pathophysiological conditions. Here, we sought to provide an overview of the pharmacological approaches to up- or downregulate the expression and activities of the enzymes involved in hepatic TG hydrolysis. Fatty acids (FA) released by hydrolysis of hepatic TG can be used for β-oxidation, signaling, and for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG synthesis. Originally, lipolysis was believed to be centered in the adipose and to be catalyzed by only two lipases, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). However, genetic ablation of HSL expression in mice failed to erase TG hydrolysis in adipocytes leading to the identification of a third lipase termed adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Although these three enzymes are considered to be the main players governing lipolysis in the adipocyte, other lipolytic enzymes have been described to contribute to hepatic TG metabolism. These include adiponutrin/patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), some members of the carboxylesterase family (CES/Ces), arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) and hepatic lipase (HL). This review highlights the consequences of pharmacological interventions of liver lipases that degrade TG in cytosolic lipid droplets, in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the late endosomes/lysosomes and along the secretory route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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211
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Martina JA, Puertollano R. Protein phosphatase 2A stimulates activation of TFEB and TFE3 transcription factors in response to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12525-12534. [PMID: 29945972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptations and responses to stress conditions are fundamental processes that all cells must accomplish to maintain or restore cellular homeostasis. Cells have a plethora of response pathways to mitigate the effect of different environmental stressors. The transcriptional regulators transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) play a key role in the control of these stress pathways. Therefore, understanding their regulation under different stress conditions is of great interest. Here, using a range of human and murine cells, we show that TFEB and TFE3 are activated upon induction of acute oxidative stress by sodium arsenite via an mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent process. We found that the mechanism of arsenite-stimulated TFEB and TFE3 activation instead involves protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated dephosphorylation at Ser-211 and Ser-321, respectively. Depletion of either the catalytic (PPP2CA+B) or regulatory (PPP2R2A/B55α) subunits of PP2A, as well as PP2A inactivation with the specific inhibitor okadaic acid, abolished TFEB and TFE3 activation in response to sodium arsenite. Conversely, PP2A activation by ceramide or the sphingosine-like compound FTY720 was sufficient to induce TFE3 nuclear translocation. MS analysis revealed that PP2A dephosphorylates TFEB at several residues, including Ser-109, Ser-114, Ser-122, and Ser-211, thus facilitating TFEB activation. Overall, this work identifies a critical mechanism that activates TFEB and TFE3 without turning off mTORC1 activity. We propose that this mechanism may enable some cell types such as immune or cancer cells that require simultaneous TFEB/TFE3 and mTORC1 signaling to survive and achieve robust cell growth in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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212
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Yang M, Liu E, Tang L, Lei Y, Sun X, Hu J, Dong H, Yang SM, Gao M, Tang B. Emerging roles and regulation of MiT/TFE transcriptional factors. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:31. [PMID: 29903018 PMCID: PMC6003119 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MiT/TFE transcription factors play a pivotal role in the regulation of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The subcellular localization and activity of MiT/TFE proteins are primarily regulated through phosphorylation. And the phosphorylated protein is retained in the cytoplasm and subsequently translocates to the nucleus upon dephosphorylation, where it stimulates the expression of hundreds of genes, leading to lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy induction. The transcription factor-mediated lysosome-to-nucleus signaling can be directly controlled by several signaling molecules involved in the mTORC1, PKC, and AKT pathways. MiT/TFE family members have attracted much attention owing to their intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in numerous diseases. Recently, multiple studies have also revealed the MiT/TFE proteins as master regulators of cellular metabolic reprogramming, converging on autophagic and lysosomal function and playing a critical role in cancer, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of MiT/TFE family member activity. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on MiT/TFE transcriptional factors and their potential mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - En Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiaxi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mingfa Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 40037, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
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213
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Bafilomycin A1 increases the sensitivity of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibiting the lysosomal uptake of platinum ions but not autophagy. Cancer Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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214
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Zhao ND, Ding X, Song Y, Yang DQ, Yu HL, Adelakun TA, Qian WD, Zhang Y, Di YT, Gao F, Hao XJ, Li SL. Identification of Ingol and Rhamnofolane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia resinifera and Their Abilities to Induce Lysosomal Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1209-1218. [PMID: 29667820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of Euphorbia resinifera afforded 18 structurally diverse diterpenoids, including 14 new ingol-type diterpenoids, euphorblins A-N (1-14), a new rhamnofolane diterpenoid, euphorblin O (15), and three known analogues (16-18). The structures of these compounds were deduced using 2D NMR spectroscopy and NOE experiments. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The abilities of the compounds to enhance lysosomal biosynthesis were evaluated through LysoTracker Red staining. Among the 10 active compounds, compounds 2, 4, and 18 showed remarkable immunofluorescence strength, and their LysoTracker staining intensities were 155.9%, 143.5%, and 140.7%, respectively, greater than that of the control. A series of lysosomal genes were also found to be upregulated by these compounds, which further confirms their ability to induce lysosome biosynthesis and suggests that these diterpenoids have potential as lead compounds for the development of drugs for the treatment of lysosome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Dong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , 400044 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Engineering , Wenshan University , Wenshan 663000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tiwalade Adegoke Adelakun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Dan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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215
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Cao Y, Chen M, Tang D, Yan H, Ding X, Zhou F, Zhang M, Xu G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhuge Y, Wang L, Zou X. The proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole disrupts protein degradation systems and sensitizes cancer cells to death under various stresses. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:604. [PMID: 29789637 PMCID: PMC5964200 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) play a role in antitumor activity, with studies showing specialized impacts of PPIs on cancer cell apoptosis, metastasis, and autophagy. In this study, we demonstrated that pantoprazole (PPI) increased autophagosomes formation and affected autophagic flux depending on the pH conditions. PPI specifically elevated SQSTM1 protein levels by increasing SQSTM1 transcription via NFE2L2 activation independent of the specific effect of PPI on autophagic flux. Via decreasing proteasome subunits expression, PPI significantly impaired the function of the proteasome, accompanied by the accumulation of undegraded poly-ubiquitinated proteins. Notably, PPI-induced autophagy functioned as a downstream response of proteasome inhibition by PPI, while suppressing protein synthesis abrogated autophagy. Blocking autophagic flux in neutral pH condition or further impairing proteasome function with proteasome inhibitors, significantly aggravated PPI cytotoxicity by worsening protein degradation ability. Interestingly, under conditions of mitochondrial stress, PPI showed significant synergism when combined with Bcl-2 inhibitors. Taken together, these findings provide a new understanding of the impact of PPIs on cancer cells’ biological processes and highlight the potential to develop more efficient and effective combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Dehua Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China.
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216
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Choy CH, Saffi G, Gray MA, Wallace C, Dayam RM, Ou ZYA, Lenk G, Puertollano R, Watkins SC, Botelho RJ. Lysosome enlargement during inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve proceeds through lysosome coalescence. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213587. [PMID: 29661845 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Choy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Golam Saffi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Matthew A Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Callen Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roya M Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Zhen-Yi A Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Guy Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3537, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3 .,The Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3
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217
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Puertollano R, Ferguson SM, Brugarolas J, Ballabio A. The complex relationship between TFEB transcription factor phosphorylation and subcellular localization. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798804. [PMID: 29764979 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MiT-TFE family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine-zipper transcription factors includes four members: TFEB, TFE3, TFEC, and MITF Originally described as oncogenes, these factors play a major role as regulators of lysosome biogenesis, cellular energy homeostasis, and autophagy. An important mechanism by which these transcription factors are regulated involves their shuttling between the surface of lysosomes, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. Such dynamic changes in subcellular localization occur in response to nutrient fluctuations and various forms of cell stress and are mediated by changes in the phosphorylation of multiple conserved amino acids. Major kinases responsible for MiT-TFE protein phosphorylation include mTOR, ERK, GSK3, and AKT In addition, calcineurin de-phosphorylates MiT-TFE proteins in response to lysosomal calcium release. Thus, through changes in the phosphorylation state of MiT-TFE proteins, lysosome function is coordinated with the cellular metabolic state and cellular demands. This review summarizes the evidence supporting MiT-TFE regulation by phosphorylation at multiple key sites. Elucidation of such regulatory mechanisms is of fundamental importance to understand how these transcription factors contribute to both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA .,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy .,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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218
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Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
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219
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NF-κB Activity Initiates Human ESC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation by Inducing a Metabolic Maturation Program. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1766-1781. [PMID: 29681545 PMCID: PMC5989595 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural development begins at embryonic day 19 and marks the beginning of organogenesis. Neural stem cells in the neural tube undergo profound functional, morphological, and metabolic changes during neural specification, coordinated by a combination of exogenous and endogenous cues. The temporal cell signaling activities that mediate this process, during development and in the postnatal brain, are incompletely understood. We have applied gene expression studies and transcription factor-activated reporter lentiviruses during in vitro neural specification of human pluripotent stem cells. We show that nuclear factor κB orchestrates a multi-faceted metabolic program necessary for the maturation of neural progenitor cells during neurogenesis.
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220
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Abstract
One of the fundamental properties of the cell is the capability to digest and remodel its own components according to metabolic and developmental needs. This is accomplished via the autophagy-lysosome system, a pathway of critical importance in the brain, where it contributes to neuronal plasticity and must protect nonreplaceable neurons from the potentially harmful accumulation of cellular waste. The study of lysosomal biogenesis and function in the context of common and rare neurodegenerative diseases has revealed that a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system is the shared nexus where multiple, interconnected pathogenic events take place. The characterization of pathways and mechanisms regulating the lysosomal system and autophagic clearance offers unprecedented opportunities for the development of polyvalent therapeutic strategies based on the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosome pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and achieve neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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221
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Gan Q, Xu M, Ding X, Tang G, Liang J, Liu K, Liu X, Wang X, Guo L, Gao Z, Hao X, Yang C. C. elegans-based screen identifies lysosome-damaging alkaloids that induce STAT3-dependent lysosomal cell death. Protein Cell 2018; 9:1013-1026. [PMID: 29611115 PMCID: PMC6251801 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation and signaling centers within the cell, and their dysfunction impairs a wide variety of cellular processes. To understand the cellular effect of lysosome damage, we screened natural small-molecule compounds that induce lysosomal abnormality using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model system. A group of vobasinyl-ibogan type bisindole alkaloids (ervachinines A-D) were identified that caused lysosome enlargement in C. elegans macrophage-like cells. Intriguingly, these compounds triggered cell death in the germ line independently of the canonical apoptosis pathway. In mammalian cells, ervachinines A-D induced lysosomal enlargement and damage, leading to leakage of cathepsin proteases, inhibition of autophagosome degradation and necrotic cell death. Further analysis revealed that this ervachinine-induced lysosome damage and lysosomal cell death depended on STAT3 signaling, but not RIP1 or RIP3 signaling. These findings suggest that lysosome-damaging compounds are promising reagents for dissecting signaling mechanisms underlying lysosome homeostasis and lysosome-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (The Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Qiwen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Guihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lingli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhiyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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222
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Aydogan MG, Wainman A, Saurya S, Steinacker TL, Caballe A, Novak ZA, Baumbach J, Muschalik N, Raff JW. A homeostatic clock sets daughter centriole size in flies. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1233-1248. [PMID: 29500190 PMCID: PMC5881511 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201801014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are highly structured organelles whose size is remarkably consistent within any given cell type. New centrioles are born when Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) recruits Ana2/STIL and Sas-6 to the side of an existing "mother" centriole. These two proteins then assemble into a cartwheel, which grows outwards to form the structural core of a new daughter. Here, we show that in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos, daughter centrioles grow at a linear rate during early S-phase and abruptly stop growing when they reach their correct size in mid- to late S-phase. Unexpectedly, the cartwheel grows from its proximal end, and Plk4 determines both the rate and period of centriole growth: the more active the centriolar Plk4, the faster centrioles grow, but the faster centriolar Plk4 is inactivated and growth ceases. Thus, Plk4 functions as a homeostatic clock, establishing an inverse relationship between growth rate and period to ensure that daughter centrioles grow to the correct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa G Aydogan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Micron Oxford Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Saroj Saurya
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Thomas L Steinacker
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Anna Caballe
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Zsofia A Novak
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Janina Baumbach
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Jordan W Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
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223
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Ma YL, Tang XH, Yuan WJ, Ding X, Di YT, Hao XJ. Abietane Diterpernoids from the Roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:131-135. [PMID: 29557523 PMCID: PMC5913052 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new ent-abietane diterpernoid, named ebracteolata D (1), along with 11 known analogues, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and molecular modeling. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1-12 was evaluated as well as the effect on the NF-κB pathway. Among them, compound 12, jolkinolide B, displayed broad inhibitory effects against proliferation of tumor cell lines. Mechanistic studies indicated that the compound 12 can inhibit TNF-α induced NF-κB activation, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Institution for Food And Drug Control, Kunming, 650011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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224
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Li Y, Hao X, Yang C. Natural compounds as probes to dissect lysosome homeostasis. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.656.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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225
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Tol MJ, van der Lienden MJC, Gabriel TL, Hagen JJ, Scheij S, Veenendaal T, Klumperman J, Donker-Koopman WE, Verhoeven AJ, Overkleeft H, Aerts JM, Argmann CA, van Eijk M. HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution. Autophagy 2018; 14:437-449. [PMID: 29455584 PMCID: PMC5915011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1419118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of “master lysosomal regulators”. Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members–TFEB, TFE3 and MITF–from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Tol
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | - Tanit L Gabriel
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Saskia Scheij
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Donker-Koopman
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco van Eijk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
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226
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Hipolito VEB, Ospina-Escobar E, Botelho RJ. Lysosome remodelling and adaptation during phagocyte activation. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20. [PMID: 29349904 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic and hydrolytic organelles responsible for receiving and digesting cargo acquired during endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. For macrophages and dendritic cells, the lysosome is kingpin, playing a direct role in microbe killing and antigen processing for presentation. Strikingly, the historic view that lysosomes are homogeneous and static organelles is being replaced with a more elegant paradigm, in which lysosomes are heterogeneous, dynamic, and respond to cellular needs. For example, lysosomes are signalling platforms that integrate stress detection and molecular decision hubs such as the mTOR complex 1 and AMPK to modulate cellular activity. These signals can even adjust lysosome activity by modulating transcription factors such as transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3 that govern lysosome gene expression. Here, we review lysosome remodelling and adaptation during macrophage and dendritic cell stimulation. First, we assess the functional outcomes and regulatory mechanisms driving the dramatic restructuring of lysosomes from globular organelles into a tubular network during phagocyte activation. Second, we discuss lysosome adaptation and scaling in macrophages driven by TFEB and TFE3 stimulation in response to phagocytosis and microbe challenges. Collectively, we are beginning to appreciate that lysosomes are dynamic and adapt to serve phagocyte differentiation in response to microbes and immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E B Hipolito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Ospina-Escobar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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227
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Abstract
The discovery of numerous genetic variants in the human genome that are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has revealed critical pathways that play important roles in intestinal homeostasis. These genetic studies have identified a critical role for macroautophagy/autophagy and more recently, lysosomal function, in maintaining the intestinal barrier and mucosal homeostasis. This review highlights recent work on the functional characterization of IBD-associated human genetic variants in cell type-specific functions for autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Lassen
- a Broad Institute ; Cambridge , MA USA.,b Center for Computational and Integrative Biology ; Massachusetts General Hospital ; Boston , MA USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- a Broad Institute ; Cambridge , MA USA.,b Center for Computational and Integrative Biology ; Massachusetts General Hospital ; Boston , MA USA.,c Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease ; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School ; Boston , MA USA
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228
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Chang KT, Guo J, di Ronza A, Sardiello M. Aminode: Identification of Evolutionary Constraints in the Human Proteome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1357. [PMID: 29358731 PMCID: PMC5778061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily constrained regions (ECRs) are a hallmark for sites of critical importance for a protein's structure or function. ECRs can be inferred by comparing the amino acid sequences from multiple protein homologs in the context of the evolutionary relationships that link the analyzed proteins. The compilation and analysis of the datasets required to infer ECRs, however, are time consuming and require skills in coding and bioinformatics, which can limit the use of ECR analysis in the biomedical community. Here, we developed Aminode, a user-friendly webtool for the routine and rapid inference of ECRs. Aminode is pre-loaded with the results of the analysis of the whole human proteome compared with proteomes from 62 additional vertebrate species. Profiles of the relative rates of amino acid substitution and ECR maps of human proteins are available for immediate search and download on the Aminode website. Aminode can also be used for custom analyses of protein families of interest. Interestingly, mapping of known missense variants shows great enrichment of pathogenic variants and depletion of non-pathogenic variants in Aminode-generated ECRs, suggesting that ECR analysis may help evaluate the potential pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance. Aminode is freely available at http://www.aminode.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Chang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junyan Guo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Microsoft Corporation, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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229
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Hesketh GG, Wartosch L, Davis LJ, Bright NA, Luzio JP. The Lysosome and Intracellular Signalling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 57:151-180. [PMID: 30097775 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being the terminal degradative compartment of the cell's endocytic and autophagic pathways, the lysosome is a multifunctional signalling hub integrating the cell's response to nutrient status and growth factor/hormone signalling. The cytosolic surface of the limiting membrane of the lysosome is the site of activation of the multiprotein complex mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which phosphorylates numerous cell growth-related substrates, including transcription factor EB (TFEB). Under conditions in which mTORC1 is inhibited including starvation, TFEB becomes dephosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. The signalling role of lysosomes is not limited to this pathway. They act as an intracellular Ca2+ store, which can release Ca2+ into the cytosol for both local effects on membrane fusion and pleiotropic effects within the cell. The relationship and crosstalk between the lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores play a role in shaping intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Lysosomes also perform other signalling functions, which are discussed. Current views of the lysosomal compartment recognize its dynamic nature. It includes endolysosomes, autolysosome and storage lysosomes that are constantly engaged in fusion/fission events and lysosome regeneration. How signalling is affected by individual lysosomal organelles being at different stages of these processes and/or at different sites within the cell is poorly understood, but is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey G Hesketh
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lena Wartosch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luther J Davis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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230
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Kane MS, Paris A, Codron P, Cassereau J, Procaccio V, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Chevrollier A. Current mechanistic insights into the CCCP-induced cell survival response. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:100-110. [PMID: 29277693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ring-substituted derivatives of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, CCCP and FCCP, are routinely used for the analysis of the mitochondrial function in living cells, tissues, and isolated mitochondrial preparations. CCCP and FCCP are now being increasingly used for investigating the mechanisms of autophagy by inducing mitochondrial degradation through the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Sustained perturbation of ΔΨm, which is normally tightly controlled to ensure cell proliferation and survival, triggers various stress pathways as part of the cellular adaptive response, the main components of which are mitophagy and autophagy. We here review current mechanistic insights into the induction of mitophagy and autophagy by CCCP and FCCP. In particular, we analyze the cellular modifications produced by the activation of two major pathways involving the signaling of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and discuss the contribution of these pathways to the integrated cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame Selma Kane
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Aurelien Paris
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab, Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Institut MitoVasc, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France.
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231
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Pastore N, Vainshtein A, Klisch TJ, Armani A, Huynh T, Herz NJ, Polishchuk EV, Sandri M, Ballabio A. TFE3 regulates whole-body energy metabolism in cooperation with TFEB. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:605-621. [PMID: 28283651 PMCID: PMC5412821 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TFE3 and TFEB are members of the MiT family of HLH–leucine zipper transcription factors. Recent studies demonstrated that they bind overlapping sets of promoters and are post‐transcriptionally regulated through a similar mechanism. However, while Tcfeb knockout (KO) mice die during early embryonic development, no apparent phenotype was reported in Tfe3 KO mice. Thus raising the need to characterize the physiological role of TFE3 and elucidate its relationship with TFEB. TFE3 deficiency resulted in altered mitochondrial morphology and function both in vitro and in vivo due to compromised mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, Tfe3 KO mice showed significant abnormalities in energy balance and alterations in systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in enhanced diet‐induced obesity and diabetes. Conversely, viral‐mediated TFE3 overexpression improved the metabolic abnormalities induced by high‐fat diet (HFD). Both TFEB overexpression in Tfe3 KO mice and TFE3 overexpression in Tcfeb liver‐specific KO mice (Tcfeb LiKO) rescued HFD‐induced obesity, indicating that TFEB can compensate for TFE3 deficiency and vice versa. Analysis of Tcfeb LiKO/Tfe3 double KO mice demonstrated that depletion of both TFE3 and TFEB results in additive effects with an exacerbation of the hepatic phenotype. These data indicate that TFE3 and TFEB play a cooperative, rather than redundant, role in the control of the adaptive response of whole‐body metabolism to environmental cues such as diet and physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiemo J Klisch
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tuong Huynh
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niculin J Herz
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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232
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Two novel diterpenoid heterodimers, Bisebracteolasins A and B, from Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata, and the cancer chemotherapeutic potential of Bisebracteolasin A. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14507. [PMID: 29109538 PMCID: PMC5674023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare ent-abietane-rosane diterpenoid heterodimers, Bisebracteolasins A and B (1 and 2, respectively), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated from spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects against five cancer cell lines. Compound 1 showed more effective antiproliferative activities against human tumour cells, HL-60 and SMMC-7721, with IC50 values of 2.61 and 4.08 μM, respectively, than 2. Both compounds 1 and 2 inhibit the colorectal cancer stem cell line P6C with IC50 values of 16.48 and 34.76 μM, respectively. Moreover, preliminary biological tests showed compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity towards tumoursphere formation and migration of the P6C cell line. Overall, we identified two novel diterpenoid heterodimers, and Bisebracteolasin A exhibits therapeutic potential in impeding tumour growth and metastatic ability of cancer stem cells.
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233
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Sakamaki JI, Long JS, New M, Van Acker T, Tooze SA, Ryan KM. Emerging roles of transcriptional programs in autophagy regulation. Transcription 2017; 9:131-136. [PMID: 28980873 PMCID: PMC5834222 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1372045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process that degrades cytoplasmic organelles and components. Precise control of autophagic activity is achieved by context-dependent signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of transcriptional programs during autophagic responses to various signals. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn S. Long
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria New
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tim Van Acker
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
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234
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Jin L, Zeng W, Zhang F, Zhang C, Liang W. Naringenin Ameliorates Acute Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Cytokine Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3466-3477. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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235
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Zheng K, Jiang Y, Liao C, Hu X, Li Y, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Wu H, Liu L, Wang Y, He Z. NOX2-Mediated TFEB Activation and Vacuolization Regulate Lysosome-Associated Cell Death Induced by Gypenoside L, a Saponin Isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6625-6637. [PMID: 28697598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of apoptotic signal pathway and activation of protective autophagy mainly contribute to the chemoresistance of tumor cells. Therefore, exploring efficient chemotherapeutic agents or isolating novel natural products that can trigger nonapoptotic and nonautophagic cell death such as lysosome-associated death is emergently required. We have recently extracted a saponin, gypenoside L (Gyp-L), from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and showed that Gyp-L was able to induce nonapoptotic cell death of esophageal cancer cells associated with lysosome swelling. However, contributions of vacuolization and lysosome to cell death remain unclear. Herein, we reveal a critical role for NADPH oxidase NOX2-mediated vacuolization and transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation in lysosome-associated cell death. We found that Gyp-L initially induced the abnormal enlarged and alkalized vacuoles, which were derived from lipid rafts dependent endocytosis. Besides, NOX2 was activated to promote vacuolization and mTORC1-independent TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Finally, raising lysosome pH could enhance Gyp-L induced cell death. These findings suggest a protective role of NOX2-TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis in cancer drug resistance and the tight interaction between lipid rafts and vacuolization. In addition, Gyp-L can be utilized as an alternative option to overcome drug-resistance though inducing lysosome associated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
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236
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Brady OA, Martina JA, Puertollano R. Emerging roles for TFEB in the immune response and inflammation. Autophagy 2017; 14:181-189. [PMID: 28738171 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1313943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a central feature of an effective immune response, which functions to eliminate pathogens and other foreign material, and promote recovery; however, dysregulation of the inflammatory response is associated with a wide variety of disease states. The autophagy-lysosome pathway is one of 2 major degradative pathways used by the cell and serves to eliminate long-lived and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to maintain homeostasis. Mounting evidence implicates the autophagy-lysosome pathway as a key player in regulating the inflammatory response; hence many inflammatory diseases may fundamentally be diseases of autophagy-lysosome pathway dysfunction. The recent identification of TFEB and TFE3 as master regulators of macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosome function raises the possibility that these transcription factors may be of central importance in linking autophagy and lysosome dysfunction with inflammatory disorders. Here, we review the current state of knowledge linking TFEB and TFE3 to the processes of autophagy and inflammation and highlight several conditions, which are linked by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Brady
- a Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - José A Martina
- a Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- a Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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237
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Liu AP, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. The big and intricate dreams of little organelles: Embracing complexity in the study of membrane traffic. Traffic 2017; 18:567-579. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Biophysics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Canada
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238
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Rains A, Bryant Y, Dorsett KA, Culver A, Egbaria J, Williams A, Barnes M, Lamere R, Rossi AR, Waldrep SC, Wilder C, Kliossis E, Styers ML. Ypt4 and lvs1 regulate vacuolar size and function in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2017; 7:e1335270. [PMID: 28944093 PMCID: PMC5602425 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2017.1335270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The yeast vacuole plays key roles in cellular stress responses. Here, we show that deletion of lvs1, the fission yeast homolog of the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome CHS1/LYST gene, increases vacuolar size, similar to deletion of the Rab4 homolog ypt4. Overexpression of lvs1-YFP rescued vacuolar size in ypt4Δ cells, but ypt4-YFP did not rescue lvs1Δ, suggesting that lvs1 may act downstream of ypt4. Vacuoles were capable of hypotonic shock-induced fusion and recovery in both ypt4Δ and lvs1Δ cells, although recovery may be slightly delayed in ypt4Δ. Endocytic and secretory trafficking were not affected, but ypt4Δ and lvs1Δ strains were sensitive to neutral pH and CaCl2, consistent with vacuolar dysfunction. In addition to changes in vacuolar size, deletion of ypt4 also dramatically increased cell size, similar to tor1 mutants. These results implicate ypt4 and lvs1 in maintenance of vacuolar size and suggest that ypt4 may link vacuolar homeostasis to cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison Rains
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yorisha Bryant
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Dorsett
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Austin Culver
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamal Egbaria
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Austin Williams
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matt Barnes
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raeann Lamere
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Austin R Rossi
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Caroline Wilder
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elliot Kliossis
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melanie L Styers
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, USA
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239
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Pan H, Yan Y, Liu C, Finkel T. The role of ZKSCAN3 in the transcriptional regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2017; 13:1235-1238. [PMID: 28581889 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1320635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Pan
- a Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD USA
| | - Ye Yan
- a Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- b Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- a Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD USA
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240
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Wang X, Cui T. Autophagy modulation: a potential therapeutic approach in cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H304-H319. [PMID: 28576834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00145.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process used by the cell to degrade cytoplasmic contents for quality control, survival for temporal energy crisis, and catabolism and recycling. Rapidly increasing evidence has revealed an important pathogenic role of altered activity of the autophagosome-lysosome pathway (ALP) in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Although an early study suggested that cardiac autophagy is increased and that this increase is maladaptive to the heart subject to pressure overload, more recent reports have overwhelmingly supported that myocardial ALP insufficiency results from chronic pressure overload and contributes to maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This review examines multiple lines of preclinical evidence derived from recent studies regarding the role of autophagic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded hearts, attempts to reconcile the discrepancies, and proposes that resuming or improving ALP flux through coordinated enhancement of both the formation and the removal of autophagosomes would benefit the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure resulting from chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota; and
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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241
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Abstract
Lysosomes are digestive organelles of the endocytic and autophagic pathways. Increasing lysosome enzyme activities could help to clear pathological cellular waste. A recent study shows that lysosomal digestive functions can be promoted in isolated cells and mice by pharmacologically stimulating the autophagy- and lysosome-regulating transcription factors TFEB and ZKSCAN3 through previously unrecognized mTORC1-independent pathways acting via PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute of the Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Albert Haas
- Institute for Cell Biology of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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242
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Yang C, Wang X. Cell biology in China: Focusing on the lysosome. Traffic 2017; 18:348-357. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences; Yunnan University; Kunming China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomolecules, Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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243
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Acute and chronic mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency differentially regulate lysosomal biogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45076. [PMID: 28345620 PMCID: PMC5366864 DOI: 10.1038/srep45076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular signaling platforms, affecting fundamental processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. However, it remains unclear how mitochondrial signaling affects other organelles, particularly lysosomes. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) impairments elicit a stress signaling pathway that regulates lysosomal biogenesis via the microphtalmia transcription factor family. Interestingly, the effect of mitochondrial stress over lysosomal biogenesis depends on the timeframe of the stress elicited: while RC inhibition with rotenone or uncoupling with CCCP initially triggers lysosomal biogenesis, the effect peaks after few hours and returns to baseline. Long-term RC inhibition by long-term treatment with rotenone, or patient mutations in fibroblasts and in a mouse model result in repression of lysosomal biogenesis. The induction of lysosomal biogenesis by short-term mitochondrial stress is dependent on TFEB and MITF, requires AMPK signaling and is independent of calcineurin signaling. These results reveal an integrated view of how mitochondrial signaling affects lysosomes, which is essential to fully comprehend the consequences of mitochondrial malfunction, particularly in the context of mitochondrial diseases.
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244
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Chinchwadkar S, Padmanabhan S, Mishra P, Singh S, Suresh SN, Vats S, Barve G, Ammanathan V, Manjithaya R. Multifaceted Housekeeping Functions of Autophagy. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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245
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Palmieri M, Pal R, Nelvagal HR, Lotfi P, Stinnett GR, Seymour ML, Chaudhury A, Bajaj L, Bondar VV, Bremner L, Saleem U, Tse DY, Sanagasetti D, Wu SM, Neilson JR, Pereira FA, Pautler RG, Rodney GG, Cooper JD, Sardiello M. mTORC1-independent TFEB activation via Akt inhibition promotes cellular clearance in neurodegenerative storage diseases. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14338. [PMID: 28165011 PMCID: PMC5303831 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aberrant accumulation of undigested cellular components represent unmet medical conditions for which the identification of actionable targets is urgently needed. Here we identify a pharmacologically actionable pathway that controls cellular clearance via Akt modulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal pathways. We show that Akt phosphorylates TFEB at Ser467 and represses TFEB nuclear translocation independently of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a known TFEB inhibitor. The autophagy enhancer trehalose activates TFEB by diminishing Akt activity. Administration of trehalose to a mouse model of Batten disease, a prototypical neurodegenerative disease presenting with intralysosomal storage, enhances clearance of proteolipid aggregates, reduces neuropathology and prolongs survival of diseased mice. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt promotes cellular clearance in cells from patients with a variety of lysosomal diseases, thus suggesting broad applicability of this approach. These findings open new perspectives for the clinical translation of TFEB-mediated enhancement of cellular clearance in neurodegenerative storage diseases. The transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis. Here authors show that trehalose, an mTOR-independent autophagy inducer, alleviates the pathological phenotypes in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Trehalose acts by inhibiting Akt, which normally suppresses TFEB via an mTORC1-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hemanth R Nelvagal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gary R Stinnett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michelle L Seymour
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Vitaliy V Bondar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Laura Bremner
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Usama Saleem
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Dennis Y Tse
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Deepthi Sanagasetti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Samuel M Wu
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joel R Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fred A Pereira
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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246
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HMGCR inhibits the early stage of PCV2 infection, while PKC enhances the infection at the late stage*. Virus Res 2017; 229:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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247
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Kissing S, Rudnik S, Damme M, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Ichihara A, Kornak U, Eskelinen EL, Jabs S, Heeren J, De Brabander JK, Haas A, Saftig P. Disruption of the vacuolar-type H +-ATPase complex in liver causes MTORC1-independent accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes. Autophagy 2017; 13:670-685. [PMID: 28129027 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1280216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase (v-H+-ATPase) has been implicated in the amino acid-dependent activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1), an important regulator of macroautophagy. To reveal the mechanistic links between the v-H+-ATPase and MTORC1, we destablilized v-H+-ATPase complexes in mouse liver cells by induced deletion of the essential chaperone ATP6AP2. ATP6AP2-mutants are characterized by massive accumulation of endocytic and autophagic vacuoles in hepatocytes. This cellular phenotype was not caused by a block in endocytic maturation or an impaired acidification. However, the degradation of LC3-II in the knockout hepatocytes appeared to be reduced. When v-H+-ATPase levels were decreased, we observed lysosome association of MTOR and normal signaling of MTORC1 despite an increase in autophagic marker proteins. To better understand why MTORC1 can be active when v-H+-ATPase is depleted, the activation of MTORC1 was analyzed in ATP6AP2-deficient fibroblasts. In these cells, very little amino acid-elicited activation of MTORC1 was observed. In contrast, insulin did induce MTORC1 activation, which still required intracellular amino acid stores. These results suggest that in vivo the regulation of macroautophagy depends not only on v-H+-ATPase-mediated regulation of MTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kissing
- a Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Germany
| | - Sönke Rudnik
- a Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- a Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Germany
| | | | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- c Department of Medicine II , Tokyo Women´s Medical University , Japan
| | - Uwe Kornak
- d Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- e Department of Biosciences , Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sabrina Jabs
- f Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jörg Heeren
- g Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf , Germany
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- h Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Albert Haas
- i Institut für Zellbiologie, Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn , Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- a Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Germany
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248
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Abstract
Cellular adaptation response to a myriad of stressors is key for survival. The lysosomal/autophagy pathway is inextricably connected to the stress response regulation. Two transcription factors, TFEB and TFE3, have recently emerged as master regulators of this degradative pathway. Their function modulating different cellular pathways will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- a Cell Biology and Physiology Center , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- a Cell Biology and Physiology Center , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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