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Dees C, Chakraborty D, Distler JHW. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:121-131. [PMID: 32931037 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The activation of fibroblasts is required for physiological tissue remodelling such as wound healing. However, when the regulatory mechanisms are disrupted and fibroblasts remain persistently activated, the progressive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins leads to tissue fibrosis, which results in dysfunction or even loss of function of the affected organ. Although fibrosis has been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies, there are only few treatment options available that directly disrupt the release of extracellular matrix from fibroblasts. Intensive research in recent years, however, identified several pathways as core fibrotic mechanisms that are shared across different fibrotic diseases and organs. We discuss herein selection of those core pathways, especially downstream of the profibrotic TGF-β pathway, which are druggable and which may be transferable from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Dees
- Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Debomita Chakraborty
- Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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202
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Di Gregorio J, Robuffo I, Spalletta S, Giambuzzi G, De Iuliis V, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conti P, Flati V. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607483. [PMID: 33409282 PMCID: PMC7779530 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to scarring and loss of function of the affected organ or tissue. Indeed, the fibrotic process affects a variety of organs and tissues, with specific molecular background. However, two common hallmarks are shared: the crucial role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the involvement of the inflammation process, that is essential for initiating the fibrotic degeneration. TGF-β in particular but also other cytokines regulate the most common molecular mechanism at the basis of fibrosis, the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT has been extensively studied, but not yet fully explored as a possible therapeutic target for fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the crosstalk between fibrosis and EMT may represent an opportunity for the development of a broadly effective anti-fibrotic therapy. Here we report the evidences of the relationship between EMT and multi-organ fibrosis, and the possible therapeutic approaches that may be developed by exploiting this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, E. Profili Hospital, Fabriano, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Iuliis
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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203
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Dual Pharmacological Targeting of HDACs and PDE5 Inhibits Liver Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Biliary Inflammation and Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123748. [PMID: 33322158 PMCID: PMC7763137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic liver injury and inflammation leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, known as liver fibrosis, and the distortion of the hepatic parenchyma. Liver fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis, a condition in which hepatic function is impaired and most cases of liver tumors occur. Currently, there are no effective therapies to inhibit and reverse the progression of liver fibrosis, and therefore, chronic liver disease remains a global health problem. In this study we have tested the efficacy of a new class of molecules that simultaneously target two molecular pathways known to be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. In a clinically relevant mouse model of liver injury and inflammation we show that the combined inhibition of histones deacetylases and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) results in potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Our findings open new avenues for the treatment of liver fibrosis and therefore, the prevention of hepatic carcinogenesis. Abstract Liver fibrosis, a common hallmark of chronic liver disease (CLD), is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix secreted by activated hepatic fibroblasts and stellate cells (HSC). Fibrogenesis involves multiple cellular and molecular processes and is intimately linked to chronic hepatic inflammation. Importantly, it has been shown to promote the loss of liver function and liver carcinogenesis. No effective therapies for liver fibrosis are currently available. We examined the anti-fibrogenic potential of a new drug (CM414) that simultaneously inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs), more precisely HDAC1, 2, and 3 (Class I) and HDAC6 (Class II) and stimulates the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway activity through phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition, two mechanisms independently involved in liver fibrosis. To this end, we treated Mdr2-KO mice, a clinically relevant model of liver inflammation and fibrosis, with our dual HDAC/PDE5 inhibitor CM414. We observed a decrease in the expression of fibrogenic markers and collagen deposition, together with a marked reduction in inflammation. No signs of hepatic or systemic toxicity were recorded. Mechanistic studies in cultured human HSC and cholangiocytes (LX2 and H69 cell lines, respectively) demonstrated that CM414 inhibited pro-fibrogenic and inflammatory responses, including those triggered by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Our study supports the notion that simultaneous targeting of pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic mechanisms controlled by HDACs and PDE5 with a single molecule, such as CM414, can be a new disease-modifying strategy.
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204
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Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, McCarthy C, Judge J, Lacy S, Freeberg MAT, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ. The self-fulfilling prophecy of pulmonary fibrosis: a selective inspection of pathological signalling loops. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00075-2020. [PMID: 32943406 PMCID: PMC7931159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00075-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating, progressive disease and carries a prognosis worse than most cancers. Despite ongoing research, the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis remain only partially understood. However, the self-perpetuating nature of pulmonary fibrosis has led several researchers to propose the existence of pathological signalling loops. According to this hypothesis, the normal wound-healing process becomes corrupted and results in the progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung. In addition, several negative regulators of pulmonary fibrosis are downregulated and, therefore, are no longer capable of inhibiting these feed-forward loops. The combination of pathological signalling loops and loss of a checks and balances system ultimately culminates in a process of unregulated scar formation. This review details specific signalling pathways demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The evidence of detrimental signalling loops is elucidated with regard to epithelial cell injury, cellular senescence and the activation of developmental and ageing pathways. We demonstrate where these loops intersect each other, as well as common mediators that may drive these responses and how the loss of pro-resolving mediators may contribute to the propagation of disease. By focusing on the overlapping signalling mediators among the many pro-fibrotic pathways, it is our hope that the pulmonary fibrosis community will be better equipped to design future trials that incorporate the redundant nature of these pathways as we move towards finding a cure for this unrelenting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rackow
- Dept of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - David J Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Shannon Lacy
- US Army of Veterinary Corps, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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205
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Li T, Weng X, Cheng S, Wang D, Cheng G, Gao H, Li Y. Wnt3a upregulation is involved in TGFβ1-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cytokine 2020; 138:155376. [PMID: 33243628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by enlarged cell size and fetal gene reactivation, ultimately leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is often elevated in experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we observed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TGFβ1-induced cardiac hypertrophy. TGFβ1 stimulation decreased the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin and triggered the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In turn, TGFβ1 enhanced the expression of c-Myc, which is a transcriptional target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Knockdown of β-catenin completely blocked TGFβ1-induced c-Myc upregulation. Wnt3a is an important Wnt ligand associated with cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Further investigation revealed that TGFβ1 can upregulate Wnt3a expression in an ALK5-Smad2/3-dependent manner. A consensus Smad binding sequence is located within the Wnt3a promoter, and TGFβ1 stimulation enhanced recruitment of Smad2/3 onto the Wnt3a promoter. Meanwhile, Wnt3a overexpression also stimulated TGFβ1 expression. Chemical inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling partially attenuated TGFβ1-induced hypertrophic responses. These findings suggest crosstalk between TGFβ1 and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiaofei Weng
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Siya Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Dongxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China.
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206
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. A Framework of Major Tumor-Promoting Signal Transduction Pathways Implicated in Melanoma-Fibroblast Dialogue. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113400. [PMID: 33212834 PMCID: PMC7697272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma cells reside in a complex stromal microenvironment, which is a critical component of disease onset and progression. Mesenchymal or fibroblastic cell type are the most abundant cellular element of tumor stroma. Factors secreted by melanoma cells can activate non-malignant associated fibroblasts to become melanoma associate fibroblasts (MAFs). MAFs promote tumorigenic features by remodeling the extracellular matrix, supporting tumor cells proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and drug resistance. Additionally, environmental factors may contribute to the acquisition of pro-tumorigenic phenotype of fibroblasts. Overall, in melanoma, perturbed tissue homeostasis contributes to modulation of major oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways not only in tumor cells but also in neighboring cells. Thus, targeted molecular therapies need to be considered from the reciprocal point of view of melanoma and stromal cells. Abstract The development of a modified stromal microenvironment in response to neoplastic onset is a common feature of many tumors including cutaneous melanoma. At all stages, melanoma cells are embedded in a complex tissue composed by extracellular matrix components and several different cell populations. Thus, melanomagenesis is not only driven by malignant melanocytes, but also by the altered communication between melanocytes and non-malignant cell populations, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), also referred as melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) in the case of melanoma, are the most abundant stromal cells and play a significant contextual role in melanoma initiation, progression and metastasis. As a result of dynamic intercellular molecular dialogue between tumor and the stroma, non-neoplastic cells gain specific phenotypes and functions that are pro-tumorigenic. Targeting MAFs is thus considered a promising avenue to improve melanoma therapy. Growing evidence demonstrates that aberrant regulation of oncogenic signaling is not restricted to transformed cells but also occurs in MAFs. However, in some cases, signaling pathways present opposite regulation in melanoma and surrounding area, suggesting that therapeutic strategies need to carefully consider the tumor–stroma equilibrium. In this novel review, we analyze four major signaling pathways implicated in melanomagenesis, TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and Hyppo signaling, from the complementary point of view of tumor cells and the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652666246
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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207
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Liu L, Chen G, Chen T, Shi W, Hu H, Song K, Huang R, Cai H, He Y. si-SNHG5-FOXF2 inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in human primary endometrial stromal cells by the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:479. [PMID: 33176855 PMCID: PMC7656702 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are manifestations of endometrial fibrosis characterized by inflammation and fibrinogen aggregation in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The available therapeutic interventions for IUA are insufficiently effective in the clinical setting for postoperative adhesion recurrence and infertility problems. In this study, we investigated whether si-SNHG5-FOXF2 can serve as a molecular mechanism for the inhibition of IUA fibrosis ex vivo. Methods FOXF2, TGF-β1 and collagen expression levels were measured by microarray sequencing analysis in three normal endometrium groups and six IUA patients. We induced primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) into myofibroblasts (MFs) to develop an IUA cell model with various concentrations of TGF-β1 at various times. Downstream target genes of FOXF2 were screened by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with whole-genome high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). We investigated ECM formation, cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related proteins in primary HESCs with FOXF2 downregulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, ethylenediurea (EdU) and CCK8 assays. We identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) SNHG5 as the upstream regulatory gene of FOXF2 through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Finally, we examined FOXF2 expression, ECM formation, cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related proteins in primary HESCs upon FOXF2 downregulation. Results FOXF2 was highly expressed in the endometrium of patients with IUA. Treatment of primary HESCs with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 72 h was found to be most effective for developing an IUA cell model. FOXF2 regulated multiple downstream target genes, including collagen, vimentin (VIM) and cyclin D2/DK4, by ChIP-seq and ChIP-PCR. FOXF2 downregulation inhibited TGF-β1-mediated primary HESC fibrosis, including ECM formation, cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related protein expression. We identified lncRNA SNHG5 as an upstream gene that directly regulates FOXF2 by RIP-seq, qRT-PCR, WB and FISH. SNHG5 downregulation suppressed FOXF2 expression in the IUA cell model, resulting in synergistic repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby altering TGF-β1-mediated ECM aggregation in endometrial stromal cells ex vivo. Conclusions Regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and ECM formation by si-SNHG5-FOXF2 effectively inhibited the profibrotic effect of TGF-β1 on primary HESCs. This finding can provide a molecular basis for antagonizing TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis in primary HESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaijing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruichun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanli He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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208
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Tchorz JS. The Conundrum of the Pericentral Hepatic Niche: WNT/-Catenin Signaling, Metabolic Zonation, and Many Open Questions. Gene Expr 2020; 20:119-124. [PMID: 32962796 PMCID: PMC7650010 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x16007982788168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
WNT/-catenin signaling promotes stemness, proliferation, and cell fate decisions in various tissue stem cell compartments, which maintain organs with a high turnover of cells (e.g., skin, stomach, and gut). Thus, the -catenin target genes AXIN2 and LGR5 are widely considered as tissue stem cell markers. In contrast, AXIN2 and LGR5 are expressed in pericentral hepatocytes, which do not show overt proliferation during liver homeostasis. Given the low hepatocyte turnover, the liver does not require constant high rates of proliferation, whereas WNT/-catenin signaling is critical for metabolic zonation. Yet, WNT/-catenin pathway upregulation, including AXIN2 and LGR5 induction in hepatocytes throughout the liver, enables hepatocyte regeneration in response to various injuries. In this brief review, I discuss the role of WNT/-catenin signaling in controlling metabolic zonation and the conundrum around pericentral hepatocytes that have been proposed as liver stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S. Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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209
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Ohba K, Endo M, Sato S, Kashio-Yokota Y, Hirose T, Takahashi K. (Pro)renin receptor/ATP6AP2 is required for autophagy and regulates proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Genes Cells 2020; 25:782-795. [PMID: 33020972 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR)/ ATP6AP2 (ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2) functions as an essential accessory subunit of vacuolar H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is necessary for lysosome function and autophagy. Autophagy is related to cell proliferation, migration and invasion of various cancer cells. In this study, we aim to clarify the relationship between (P)RR and autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of (P)RR and Ki-67 (a proliferation marker) was studied in sixty-four adenocarcinoma cases by immunohistochemistry. Lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, was transfected with (P)RR-specific siRNA. Autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, were used as positive controls. Cell proliferation and migration were measured by WST-8 assay and wound healing assay. Autophagosome markers, p62 and LC3, were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry showed that (P)RR was expressed in all adenocarcinoma tissues. The intensity of (P)RR immunoreactivity was significantly associated with Ki-67. Treatment of (P)RR-specific siRNA suppressed (P)RR expression and significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration as did the autophagy inhibitors. Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that (P)RR-specific siRNA, as well as the autophagy inhibitors, induced p62 and LC3 accumulation in cytoplasmic granules. These results suggest that (P)RR is involved in cell proliferation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma via regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ohba
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moe Endo
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigemitsu Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yurina Kashio-Yokota
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuo Hirose
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Koçak A, Harmancı D, Güner Akdoğan G, Birlik M. Relationship of Wnt pathway activity and organ involvement in scleroderma types. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1558-1567. [PMID: 32996251 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Koçak
- Kutahya Health Sciences University Kutahya Turkey
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211
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Claveria-Cabello A, Colyn L, Arechederra M, Urman JM, Berasain C, Avila MA, Fernandez-Barrena MG. Epigenetics in Liver Fibrosis: Could HDACs be a Therapeutic Target? Cells 2020; 9:cells9102321. [PMID: 33086678 PMCID: PMC7589994 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) represent a worldwide health problem. While CLDs may have diverse etiologies, a common pathogenic denominator is the presence of liver fibrosis. Cirrhosis, the end-stage of CLD, is characterized by extensive fibrosis and is markedly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The most important event in hepatic fibrogenesis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) following liver injury. Activated HSCs acquire a myofibroblast-like phenotype becoming proliferative, fibrogenic, and contractile cells. While transient activation of HSCs is part of the physiological mechanisms of tissue repair, protracted activation of a wound healing reaction leads to organ fibrosis. The phenotypic changes of activated HSCs involve epigenetic mechanisms mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) as well as by changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. During CLD these epigenetic mechanisms become deregulated, with alterations in the expression and activity of epigenetic modulators. Here we provide an overview of the epigenetic alterations involved in fibrogenic HSCs transdifferentiation with particular focus on histones acetylation changes. We also discuss recent studies supporting the promising therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Claveria-Cabello
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Jesus M. Urman
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); Tel.: +34-94-819-4700 (M.A.A.); +34-94-819-4700 (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Maite G. Fernandez-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (C.B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); Tel.: +34-94-819-4700 (M.A.A.); +34-94-819-4700 (M.G.F.-B.)
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Juhl P, Bondesen S, Hawkins CL, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Davies MJ, Siebuhr AS. Dermal fibroblasts have different extracellular matrix profiles induced by TGF-β, PDGF and IL-6 in a model for skin fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17300. [PMID: 33057073 PMCID: PMC7560847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different stimulants might induce different extracellular matrix profiles. It is essential to gain an understanding and quantification of these changes to allow for focused anti-fibrotic drug development. This study investigated the expression of extracellular matrix by dermal fibroblast mimicking fibrotic skin diseases as SSc using clinically validated biomarkers. Primary healthy human dermal fibroblasts were grown in media containing FICOLL. The cells were stimulated with PDGF-AB, TGF-β1, or IL-6. Anti-fibrotic compounds (iALK-5, Nintedanib) were added together with growth factors. Biomarkers of collagen formation and degradation together with fibronectin were evaluated by ELISAs in the collected supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize fibroblasts and proteins, while selected gene expression levels were examined through qPCR. TGF-β and PDGF, and to a lesser extent IL-6, increased the metabolic activity of the fibroblasts. TGF-β primarily increased type I collagen and fibronectin protein and gene expression together with αSMA. PDGF stimulation resulted in increased type III and VI collagen formation and gene expression. IL-6 decreased fibronectin levels. iALK5 could inhibit TGF-β induced fibrosis while nintedanib could halt fibrosis induced by TGF-β or PDGF. Tocilizumab could not inhibit fibrosis induced in this model. The extent and nature of fibrosis are dependent on the stimulant. The model has potential as a pre-clinical model as the fibroblasts fibrotic phenotype could be reversed by an ALK5 inhibitor and Nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Sandie Bondesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Clare Louise Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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213
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Henderson J, Wilkinson S, Przyborski S, Stratton R, O'Reilly S. microRNA27a-3p mediates reduction of the Wnt antagonist sFRP-1 in systemic sclerosis. Epigenetics 2020; 16:808-817. [PMID: 32965161 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that leads to skin and lung fibrosis. The Wnt pathway is clearly elevated in SSc and is pro-fibrotic via activation of canonical Wnt signalling. sFRP-1 is a Wnt antagonist that acts as a negative regulator of Wnt signalling. We sought to measure the levels of serum sFRP-1 in early diffuse SSc patients compared to healthy controls and if this is regulated by microRNA27a-3p. Ten early diffuse SSc patients and healthy controls sera were taken and sFRP-1 quantified by ELISA. Skin biopsies were also taken in five SSc patients and controls. Fibroblasts were quantified for microRNA27-3p expression by Taqman qRT-PCR with an internal microRNA to normalize. 3'UTR luciferase assays were performed to confirm direct targets of microRNA27a-3p with microRNA overexpression. Fibroblasts were transfected with microRNA27a mimics or scramble controls and using ELISA sFRP-1 was quantified. Furthermore, Collagen, Axin-2, TIMP-1 and MMP-1 were measured. Serum sFRP-1 was significantly reduced in early diffuse SSc patients. We identified microRNA27a-3p-3p as regulating sFRP-1 in dermal fibroblasts. We found significantly elevated microRNA27a-3p in isolated dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients. We confirmed that sFRP-1 is a direct target of microRNA27a-3p through cloning of the 3'UTR into a luciferase vector. ECM genes were also upregulated by microRNA27a-3p-3p and the matrix-degrading enzyme MMP-1 was suppressed. Serum sFRP-1 is reduced in diffuse SSc patients and is regulated by microRNA27a-3p and this is a direct regulation. Modulation of microRNA27a-3p levels could mediate fibrosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Wilkinson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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214
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Hua K, Gong H, Xu Q, Li T, Ma B, Li Y, He R, Bi D, Zhou R, Luo R, Zhao L, Jin H. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling by impeding Dickkofp-1 expression during Haemophilus parasuis infection. Cytokine 2020; 136:155287. [PMID: 32950027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis induces severe acute systemic infection in pigs, characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. Our previous study demonstrated that H. parasuis induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, increasing the expression of proinflammatory genes and mediating H. parasuis-induced inflammation. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation induced by H. parasuis disrupts the adherens junction between epithelial cells and initiates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present study, p38 MAPK was found to be involved in the accumulation of nuclear location of β-catenin during H. parasuis infection in PK-15 and NPTr cells, via modulating the expression of dickkofp-1 (DKK-1), a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We generated DKK-1 knockout cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in PK-15 and NPTr cells, and found that knockout of DKK-1 led to the dysfunction of p38 MAPK in regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in H. parasuis-infected cells. Furthermore, p38 MAPK activity was independent of the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during H. parasuis infection. This is the first study to explore the crosstalk between p38 MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during H. parasuis infection. It provides a more comprehensive view of intracellular signaling pathways during pathogenic bacteria-induced acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Qingrong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Hubei Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinery Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
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215
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Lim JC, Bae SH, Lee G, Ryu CJ, Jang YJ. Activation of β-catenin by TGF-β1 promotes ligament-fibroblastic differentiation and inhibits cementoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1612-1623. [PMID: 32930424 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are known to be essential for the development of periodontal tissue. In this study, we examined the crosstalk between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ligament-fibroblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased the expression of ligament-fibroblastic markers, but such expression was preventing by treatment with SB431542, a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor. As well as phosphorylation of Smad3, TGF-β1 increased β-catenin activation. The depletion of β-catenin reduced the expression of ligament-fibroblastic markers, suggesting that β-catenin is essential for ligament differentiation. The effect of TGF-β1 on β-catenin activation did not seem to be much correlated with Wnt stimuli, but endogenous DKK1 was suppressed by TGF-β1, indicating that β-catenin activation could be increased much more by TGF-β1. In addition to DKK1 suppression, Smad3 phosphorylation by TGF-β1 facilitated the nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic β-catenin. In contrast to ligament-fibroblastic differentiation, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling was needed for cementoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs. BMP7 treatment accompanied by inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling had a synergistic effect on cementoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, β-catenin activation by TGF-β1 caused ligament-fibroblastic differentiation of hPDLCs, and the presence of TGF-β1 stimuli basically determined whether hPDLCs are differentiated into ligament progenitor or cementoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Lim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Gyutae Lee
- Yonsei Wooil Dental Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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216
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Henderson J, Pryzborski S, Stratton R, O'Reilly S. Wnt antagonist DKK-1 levels in systemic sclerosis are lower in skin but not in blood and are regulated by microRNA33a-3p. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:162-168. [PMID: 32592422 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune skin disease which is associated with inflammation and resulting skin fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are the key cell type associated with the fibrosis but how they are differentiated is not clear. DKK-1 is a Wnt antagonist that blocks Wnt-mediated fibrosis and is reduced in fibrotic conditions. Thus, DKK-1 is a clear negative regulator of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis and its regulation is unknown. The aim of this work is to determine the levels of DKK-1 in serum and tissues of SSc and its regulation. METHODS Skin biopsies were taken from early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls and DKK-1 measured by ELISA; serum was also isolated and DKK-1 quantified. DKK-1 was also measured by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA33a-3p was measured by TaqMan PCR. miR mimics and controls were transfected into dermal fibroblasts. Bleomycin mouse model was employed and compared to vehicle control treated mice, and gene expression was employed for DKK-1 and various extracellular matrix genes. RESULTS DKK-1 is reduced in SSc skin and fibroblasts but is not reduced in the circulation in patients. MicroRNA33a-3p regulates DKK-1 levels epigenetically and is significantly reduced in SSc cells and whole tissue. DKK-1 is also reduced in the bleomycin mouse model and pro-fibrotic genes elevated. CONCLUSION DKK-1 is reduced in SSc cells and is regulated by miR33a-3p, and restoring DKK-1 levels through epigenetic means could be a therapeutic target in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University College London, London, UK
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217
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Wang Y, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Qiu Y, Du H, Chen W, Figueroa S, Plikus MV, Nie Q. A multiscale hybrid mathematical model of epidermal-dermal interactions during skin wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:493-502. [PMID: 30801791 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Following injury, skin activates a complex wound healing programme. While cellular and signalling mechanisms of wound repair have been extensively studied, the principles of epidermal-dermal interactions and their effects on wound healing outcomes are only partially understood. To gain new insight into the effects of epidermal-dermal interactions, we developed a multiscale, hybrid mathematical model of skin wound healing. The model takes into consideration interactions between epidermis and dermis across the basement membrane via diffusible signals, defined as activator and inhibitor. Simulations revealed that epidermal-dermal interactions are critical for proper extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, suggesting these signals may influence how wound scars form. Our model makes several theoretical predictions. First, basal levels of epidermal activator and inhibitor help to maintain dermis in a steady state, whereas their absence results in a raised, scar-like dermal phenotype. Second, wound-triggered increase in activator and inhibitor production by basal epidermal cells, coupled with fast re-epithelialization kinetics, reduces dermal scar size. Third, high-density fibrin clot leads to a raised, hypertrophic scar phenotype, whereas low-density fibrin clot leads to a hypotrophic phenotype. Fourth, shallow wounds, compared to deep wounds, result in overall reduced scarring. Taken together, our model predicts the important role of signalling across dermal-epidermal interface and the effect of fibrin clot density and wound geometry on scar formation. This hybrid modelling approach may be also applicable to other complex tissue systems, enabling the simulation of dynamic processes, otherwise computationally prohibitive with fully discrete models due to a large number of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yuchi Qiu
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Huijing Du
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Weitao Chen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Seth Figueroa
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Qing Nie
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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218
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Inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway suppresses radiation-induced dermal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13594. [PMID: 32788612 PMCID: PMC7423922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis of the dermal tissues is a challenging complication of radiotherapy whose underlying mechanism is not fully understood, and there are few available treatments. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in fibrosis as well as in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated whether inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with sLRP6E1E2, a molecule that binds to extracellular Wnt ligands, ameliorated radiation-induced fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Radiation with a single dose of 2 Gy not only facilitated fibrosis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway but also initiated EMT in cultured keratinocytes, developing collagen-producing mesenchymal cells. sLRP6E1E2-expressing adenovirus treatment exerted anti-fibrotic activity in irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. In a mouse model, a single fraction of 15 Gy was delivered to the dorsal skins of 36 mice randomized into three groups: those receiving PBS, those receiving control adenovirus, and those receiving decoy Wnt receptor-expressing adenovirus (dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2). The mice were observed for 16 weeks, and excessive deposition of type I collagen was suppressed by sLRP6E1E2-expressing adenovirus treatment. These results demonstrate that the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has the potential to decrease the severity of radiation-induced dermal fibrosis.
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219
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Sun Z, Yang Z, Wang M, Huang C, Ren Y, Zhang W, Gao F, Cao L, Li L, Nie S. Paraquat induces pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and myofibroblast differentiation. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:170-183. [PMID: 32795487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning-induced pulmonary fibrosis always results in fatal harm to patients. Our study aimed to investigate the functions of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. By comparing the proteomic profiles of rat lung tissues using protein array in the absence or presence of PQ, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as a fibrosis-related pathway, was discovered to be profoundly activated by PQ. The protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components including MMP-2, β-catenin, Wnt3a, Wnt10b, Cyclin D1, and WISP1 were increased in PQ-treated rat lung tissues. Surprisingly, PQ was found to be able to promote lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts differentiating into myofibroblasts by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, could inhibit the myofibroblast differentiation and attenuate PQ-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of fibroblasts markers Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen I was detected and found to be increased when PQ treated and restored with additional DKK1 treatment. In summary, these assays indicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway played a regulatory role in the differentiation of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis related to PQ. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be investigated further as a potential fibrosis suppressor for pulmonary fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Changbao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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220
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Ledein L, Léger B, Dees C, Beyer C, Distler A, Vettori S, Boukaiba R, Bidouard JP, Schaefer M, Pernerstorfer J, Ruetten H, Jagerschmidt A, Janiak P, Distler JHW, Distler O, Illiano S. Translational engagement of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 in skin fibrosis: from dermal fibroblasts of patients with scleroderma to tight skin 1 mouse. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4296-4309. [PMID: 32627178 PMCID: PMC7443477 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Genetic deletion and pharmacological studies suggest a role for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA1) receptor in fibrosis. We investigated the therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis (SSc) of a new orally active selective LPA1 receptor antagonist using dermal fibroblasts from patients and an animal model of skin fibrosis. Experimental Approach Dermal fibroblast and skin biopsies from systemic sclerosis patients were used. Myofibroblast differentiation, gene expression and cytokine secretion were measured following LPA and/or SAR100842 treatment. Pharmacolgical effect of SAR100842 was assessed in the tight skin 1 (Tsk1) mouse model. Key Results SAR100842 is equipotent against various LPA isoforms. Dermal fibroblasts and skin biopsies from patients with systemic sclerosis expressed high levels of LPA1 receptor. The LPA functional response (Ca2+) in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts was fully antagonized with SAR100842. LPA induced myofibroblast differentiation in systemic sclerosis dermal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung fibroblasts and the secretion of inflammatory markers and activated Wnt markers. Results from systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts mirror those obtained in a mouse Tsk1 model of skin fibrosis. Using a therapeutic protocol, SAR100842 consistently reversed dermal thickening, inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and reduced skin collagen content. Inflammatory and Wnt pathway markers were also inhibited by SAR100842 in the skin of Tsk1 mice. Conclusion and Implications The effects of SAR100842 on LPA‐induced inflammation and on mechanisms linked to fibrosis like myofibroblast differentiation and Wnt pathway activation indicate that LPA1 receptor activation plays a key role in skin fibrosis. Our results support the therapeutic potential of LPA1 receptor antagonists in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Ledein
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism Unit, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Bertrand Léger
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism Unit, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfiya Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serena Vettori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Janiak
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism Unit, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Illiano
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism Unit, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
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221
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Krakhotkin DV, Chernylovskyi VA, Mottrie A, Greco F, Bugaev RA. New insights into the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease: A narrative review. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 6:165-181. [PMID: 32885153 PMCID: PMC7451633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a benign, progressive fibrotic disorder characterized by scar or plaques within the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PD based on data from different studies regarding the roles of cytokines, cell signaling pathways, biochemical mechanisms, genetic factors responsible for fibrogenesis. A growing body of literature has shown that PD is a chronically impaired, localized, wound healing process within the TA and the Smith space. It is caused by the influence of different pathological stimuli, most often the effects of mechanical stress during sexual intercourse in genetically sensitive individuals with unusual anatomical TA features, imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP/TIMP), and suppressed antioxidant systems during chronic inflammation. Other intracellular signal cascades are activated during fibrosis along with low expression levels of their negative regulators and transforming growth factor-β1 signaling. The development of multikinase agents with minimal side effects that can block several signal cell pathways would significantly improve fibrosis in PD tissues by acting on common downstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Krakhotkin
- Outpatient Department, Central District Hospital, Kamenolomni, Rostov Region, Russia
| | | | - Alexandre Mottrie
- Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.,ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ruslan A Bugaev
- Outpatient Department, Central District Hospital, Kamenolomni, Rostov Region, Russia
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Worrell JC, O'Reilly S. Bi-directional communication: Conversations between fibroblasts and immune cells in systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2020; 113:102526. [PMID: 32713676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune idiopathic connective tissue disease, characterized by aberrant fibro-proliferative and inflammatory responses, causing fibrosis of multiple organs. In recent years the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells with resident fibroblasts have been uncovered. Cross-talk between immune and stromal cells mediates activation of stromal cells to myofibroblasts; key cells in the pathophysiology of fibrosis. These cells and their cytokines appear to mediate their effects in both a paracrine and autocrine fashion. This review examines the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in SSc, focusing on recent advances that have illuminated our understanding of ongoing bi-directional communication between immune and stromal cells. Finally, we appraise current and future therapies and how these may be useful in a disease that currently has no specific disease modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Worrell
- Insititute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Durham University, Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Durham, UK. steven.o'
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Xing L, Chang X, Shen L, Zhang C, Fan Y, Cho C, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Progress in drug delivery system for fibrosis therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:47-61. [PMID: 33613729 PMCID: PMC7878446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a necessary process in the progression of chronic disease to cirrhosis or even cancer, which is a serious disease threatening human health. Recent studies have shown that the early treatment of fibrosis is turning point and particularly important. Therefore, how to reverse fibrosis has become the focus and research hotspot in recent years. So far, the considerable progress has been made in the development of effective anti-fibrosis drugs and targeted drug delivery. Moreover, the existing research results will lay the foundation for more breakthrough delivery systems to achieve better anti-fibrosis effects. Herein, this review summaries anti-fibrosis delivery systems focused on three major organ fibrotic diseases such as liver, pulmonary, and renal fibrosis accompanied by the elaboration of relevant pathological mechanisms, which will provide inspiration and guidance for the design of fibrosis drugs and therapeutic systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenglu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yatong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chongsu Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081 China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Cao J, Liu D, Zhao S, Yuan L, Huang Y, Ma J, Yang Z, Shi B, Wang L, Wei J. Estrogen attenuates TGF-β1-induced EMT in intrauterine adhesion by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9794. [PMID: 32638833 PMCID: PMC7346761 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although estrogen has crucial functions for endometrium growth, the specific dose
and underlying molecular mechanism in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) remain
unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of estrogen on
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal and fibrotic endometrium, and
the role of estrogen and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the formation of endometrial
fibrosis. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assay were performed to access the
proliferation of different concentrations of estrogen on normal human
endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs). qRT-PCR and western blot assay were
utilized to explore the effect of estrogen on EMT in normal and fibrotic
endometrium, and main components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in
vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were used to
evaluate the effect of estrogen on endometrial morphology and fibrosis
in vivo. Our results indicated that the proliferation of
normal hEECs was inhibited by estrogen at a concentration of 30 nM accompanied
by upregulation of mesenchymal markers and downregulation of epithelial markers.
Interestingly, in the model of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced
endometrial fibrosis, the same concentration of estrogen inhibited the process
of EMT, which might be partially mediated by regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin
pathway. In addition, relatively high doses of estrogen efficiently increased
the number of endometrial glands and reduced the area of fibrosis as determined
by the reduction of EMT in IUA animal models. Taken together, our results
demonstrated that an appropriate concentration of estrogen may prevent the
occurrence and development of IUA by inhibiting the TGF-β1-induced EMT and
activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shiyun Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Liwei Yuan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yani Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhijuan Yang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun Wei
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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225
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Barrera LN, Evans A, Lane B, Brumskill S, Oldfield FE, Campbell F, Andrews T, Lu Z, Perez-Mancera PA, Liloglou T, Ashworth M, Jalali M, Dawson R, Nunes Q, Phillips PA, Timms JF, Halloran C, Greenhalf W, Neoptolemos JP, Costello E. Fibroblasts from Distinct Pancreatic Pathologies Exhibit Disease-Specific Properties. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2861-2873. [PMID: 32393661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although fibrotic stroma forms an integral component of pancreatic diseases, whether fibroblasts programmed by different types of pancreatic diseases are phenotypically distinct remains unknown. Here, we show that fibroblasts isolated from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), chronic pancreatitis (CP), periampullary tumors, and adjacent normal (NA) tissue (N = 34) have distinct mRNA and miRNA profiles. Compared with NA fibroblasts, PDAC-associated fibroblasts were generally less sensitive to an antifibrotic stimulus (NPPB) and more responsive to positive regulators of activation such as TGFβ1 and WNT. Of the disease-associated fibroblasts examined, PDAC- and CP-derived fibroblasts shared greatest similarity, yet PDAC-associated fibroblasts expressed higher levels of tenascin C (TNC), a finding attributable to miR-137, a novel regulator of TNC. TNC protein and transcript levels were higher in PDAC tissue versus CP tissue and were associated with greater levels of stromal activation, and conditioned media from TNC-depleted PDAC-associated fibroblasts modestly increased both PDAC cell proliferation and PDAC cell migration, indicating that stromal TNC may have inhibitory effects on PDAC cells. Finally, circulating TNC levels were higher in patients with PDAC compared with CP. Our characterization of pancreatic fibroblast programming as disease-specific has consequences for therapeutic targeting and for the manner in which fibroblasts are used in research. SIGNIFICANCE: Primary fibroblasts derived from various types of pancreatic diseases possess and retain distinct molecular and functional characteristics in culture, providing a series of cellular models for treatment development and disease-specific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Barrera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Evans
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Lane
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Brumskill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Frances E Oldfield
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Andrews
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Milton Ashworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Jalali
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Timms
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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226
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Bondareva O, Sheikh BN. Vascular Homeostasis and Inflammation in Health and Disease-Lessons from Single Cell Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4688. [PMID: 32630148 PMCID: PMC7369864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is critical infrastructure that transports oxygen and nutrients around the body, and dynamically adapts its function to an array of environmental changes. To fulfil the demands of diverse organs, each with unique functions and requirements, the vascular system displays vast regional heterogeneity as well as specialized cell types. Our understanding of the heterogeneity of vascular cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their function is beginning to benefit greatly from the rapid development of single cell technologies. Recent studies have started to analyze and map vascular beds in a range of organs in healthy and diseased states at single cell resolution. The current review focuses on recent biological insights on the vascular system garnered from single cell analyses. We cover the themes of vascular heterogeneity, phenotypic plasticity of vascular cells in pathologies such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as the contribution of defective microvasculature to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Further adaptation of single cell technologies to study the vascular system will be pivotal in uncovering the mechanisms that drive the array of diseases underpinned by vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bondareva
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilal N. Sheikh
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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227
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ONCU B, YİLMAZ A, KARADEMİR B, ALTUNOK EÇ, KURU L, AĞRALI ÖB. Cytotoxicity and Collagen Expression Effects of Tideglusib Administration on Human Periodontal Cells: An In-Vitro Study. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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228
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Liu Z, Tan RJ, Liu Y. The Many Faces of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060960. [PMID: 32630493 PMCID: PMC7356035 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is implicated in regulating kidney homeostasis and diseases. MMP-7 is produced as an inactive zymogen, and proteolytic cleavage is required for its activation. MMP-7 is barely expressed in normal adult kidney but upregulated in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The expression of MMP-7 is transcriptionally regulated by Wnt/β-catenin and other cues. As a secreted protein, MMP-7 is present and increased in the urine of patients, and its levels serve as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting AKI prognosis and monitoring CKD progression. Apart from degrading components of the extracellular matrix, MMP-7 also cleaves a wide range of substrates, such as E-cadherin, Fas ligand, and nephrin. As such, it plays an essential role in regulating many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and podocyte injury. The function of MMP-7 in kidney diseases is complex and context-dependent. It protects against AKI by priming tubular cells for survival and regeneration but promotes kidney fibrosis and CKD progression. MMP-7 also impairs podocyte integrity and induces proteinuria. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, role, and mechanisms of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We also discussed the potential of MMP-7 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Roderick J. Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence:
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229
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Lin LT, Chen JT, Lu DW, Tai MC, Liang CM, Chen CL, Pao SI, Hsu CK, Chen YH. Antifibrotic role of low-dose mitomycin-c-induced cellular senescence in trabeculectomy models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234706. [PMID: 32574191 PMCID: PMC7310836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We assessed whether mitomycin-C (MMC) has different antifibrotic mechanisms in trabeculectomy wound healing. Methods We identified 2 concentrations of MMC as “low-dose” by using WST-1 assay, Lactic dehydrogenase assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting flow cytometry. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and fibrotic gene expression was examined through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, zymography, and modified scratch assay in vitro. In vivo, 0.1 mL of MMC or normal saline was injected to Tenon’s capsule before trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. SA-β-gal expression, apoptotic cell death, and collagen deposition in sites treated and not treated with MMC were evaluated using terminal dUTP nick end labeling assay and histochemical staining. Bleb function and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels were examined 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after trabeculectomy. Results In vitro, human Tenon’s fibroblast (HTF) senescence was confirmed by observing cell morphologic change, SA-β-gal accumulation, formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin, increased p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1 expression, lower percentage of Ki-67-positive cells, and decreased COL1A1 release. Increased expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, and Smad2 signaling in TGF-β1-induced stress fibers were passivated in senescent HTFs. In addition, cellular migration enhanced by TGF-β1was inactivated. In vivo, histological examination indicated increased SA-β-gal accumulation, lower apoptosis ratios, and looser collagen deposition in sites treated with 0.2 μM MMC. Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence prolonged trabeculectomy bleb survival and reduced IOP levels in a rabbit model. Conclusion Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence is involved in the antifibrotic mechanism of trabeculectomy wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tien Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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230
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Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:96. [PMID: 32552754 PMCID: PMC7301567 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex lung disease, whose build-up scar tissue is induced by several molecules. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is released from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, alveolar macrophages, and some nerve endings in the lung. A possible role of GRP in IPF is unclear. We aimed to investigate the fibrotic response to GRP, at the cellular level in MRC5 and A549 cell lines. The proliferative and fibrotic effects of GRP on these cells were evaluated by using BrdU, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR for molecules associated with myofibroblast differentiation, TGF-β and Wnt signalling. All doses of GRP increased the amount of BrdU incorporation in A549 cells. In contrast, the amount of BrdU increased in MRC5 cells in the first 24 h, though progressively decreased by 72 h. GRP did not stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells, rather, it stimulated the differentiation of MRC5 cells into myofibroblasts. Furthermore, GRP induced gene and protein expressions of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4, and reduced the levels of Smad7 in MRC5 cells. In addition, GRP decreased Wnt5a protein levels and stimulated β-catenin activation by increasing Wnt4, Wnt7a and β-catenin protein levels. GRP caused myofibroblast differentiation by inducing TGF-βand Wnt pathways via paracrine and autocrine signalling in MRC5 cells. In conclusion, GRP may lead to pulmonary fibrosis due to its proliferative and fibrotic effects on lung fibroblasts. The abrogation of GRP-mediated signal activation might be considered as a treatment modality for fibrotic lung diseases. Video Abstract.
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231
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Griffin MF, desJardins-Park HE, Mascharak S, Borrelli MR, Longaker MT. Understanding the impact of fibroblast heterogeneity on skin fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/6/dmm044164. [PMID: 32541065 PMCID: PMC7328159 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix and can occur as part of the body's natural wound healing process upon injury, or as a consequence of diseases such as systemic sclerosis. Skin fibrosis contributes to significant morbidity due to the prevalence of injuries resulting from trauma and burn. Fibroblasts, the principal cells of the dermis, synthesize extracellular matrix to maintain the skin during homeostasis and also play a pivotal role in all stages of wound healing. Although it was previously believed that fibroblasts are homogeneous and mostly quiescent cells, it has become increasingly recognized that numerous fibroblast subtypes with unique functions and morphologies exist. This Review provides an overview of fibroblast heterogeneity in the mammalian dermis. We explain how fibroblast identity relates to their developmental origin, anatomical site and precise location within the skin tissue architecture in both human and mouse dermis. We discuss current evidence for the varied functionality of fibroblasts within the dermis and the relationships between fibroblast subtypes, and explain the current understanding of how fibroblast subpopulations may be controlled through transcriptional regulatory networks and paracrine communications. We consider how fibroblast heterogeneity can influence wound healing and fibrosis, and how insight into fibroblast heterogeneity could lead to novel therapeutic developments and targets for skin fibrosis. Finally, we contemplate how future studies should be shaped to implement knowledge of fibroblast heterogeneity into clinical practice in order to lessen the burden of skin fibrosis. Summary: This Review discusses the multifaceted aspects of fibroblast heterogeneity and the different roles of fibroblast subpopulations to help overcome skin scarring and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather E desJardins-Park
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shamik Mascharak
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA .,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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232
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Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Vakili S, Derakhshan M, Movahedpour A, Dabiri H, Ghasemi Y, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Nikoozadeh A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32517807 PMCID: PMC7281690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Development Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Nikoozadeh
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine,Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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233
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Abaricia JO, Shah AH, Chaubal M, Hotchkiss KM, Olivares-Navarrete R. Wnt signaling modulates macrophage polarization and is regulated by biomaterial surface properties. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119920. [PMID: 32179303 PMCID: PMC7191325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the first cells to interact with biomaterials and ultimately determine their integrative fate. Biomaterial surface characteristics like roughness and hydrophilicity can activate macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Wnt signaling, a key cell proliferation and differentiation pathway, has been associated with dysregulated macrophage activity in disease. However, the role Wnt signaling plays in macrophage activation and response to biomaterials is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of Wnt signaling in macrophages during classical pro- and anti-inflammatory polarization and in their response to smooth, rough, and rough-hydrophilic titanium (Ti) surfaces. Peri-implant Wnt signaling in macrophage-ablated (MaFIA) mice instrumented with intramedullary Ti rods was significantly attenuated compared to untreated controls. Wnt ligand mRNA were upregulated in a surface modification-dependent manner in macrophages isolated from the surface of Ti implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. In vitro, Wnt mRNAs were regulated in primary murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages cultured on Ti in a surface modification-dependent manner. When macrophageal Wnt secretion was inhibited, macrophage sensitivity to both physical and biological stimuli was abrogated. Loss of macrophage-derived Wnts also impaired recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and T-cells to Ti implants in vivo. Finally, inhibition of integrin signaling decreased surface-dependent upregulation of Wnt genes. These results suggest that Wnt signaling regulates macrophage response to biomaterials and that macrophages are an important source of Wnt ligands during inflammation and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson O Abaricia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arth H Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manotri Chaubal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kelly M Hotchkiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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234
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Lv Q, Wang J, Xu C, Huang X, Ruan Z, Dai Y. Pirfenidone alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through regulating Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Mol Med 2020; 26:49. [PMID: 32448163 PMCID: PMC7245944 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pirfenidone (PFD) is effective for pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but its action mechanism has not been fully explained. This study explored the signaling pathways involved in anti-fibrosis role of PFD, thus laying a foundation for clinical application. Methods Pulmonary fibrosis mice models were constructed by bleomycin (BLM), and TGF-β1 was used to treat human fetal lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Then, PFD was added into treated mice and cells alone or in combination with β-catenin vector. The pathological changes, inflammatory factors levels, and Collagen I levels in mice lung tissues were assessed, as well as the activity of HLFs was measured. Levels of indices related to extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways were determined in tissues or cells. Results After treatment with BLM, the inflammatory reaction and extracellular matrix deposition in mice lung tissues were serious, which were alleviated by PFD and aggravated by the addition of β-catenin. In HLFs, PFD reduced the activity of HLFs induced by TGF-β1, inhibited levels of vimentin and N-cadherin and promoted levels of E-cadherin, whereas β-catenin produced the opposite effects to PFD. In both tissues and cells, Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways were activated, which could be suppressed by PFD. Conclusions PFD alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through regulating Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways, which might further improve the action mechanism of anti-fibrosis effect of PFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lv
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuqing Huang
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ruan
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department of Pneumology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China
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235
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Ding H, Fang M, Gong Y, Li D, Zhang C, Wen G, Wu C, Yang J, Yang Y. Smad3 gene C-terminal phosphorylation site mutation aggravates CCl 4 -induced inflammation in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7044-7054. [PMID: 32406200 PMCID: PMC7299733 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of C‐terminal phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3C) is down‐regulated with the progression of liver disease. Thus, we hypothesized that pSmad3C expression may be negatively related to liver disease. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, a suitable animal model is required that will allow researchers to study the effect of Smad3 domain‐specific phosphorylation on liver disease progression. The current study aimed to construct a new mouse model with the Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation site mutation and to explore the effects of this mutation on CCl4‐induced inflammation. Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation site mutant mice were generated using TetraOne™ gene fixed‐point knock‐in technology and embryonic stem cell microinjection. Resulting mice were identified by genotyping, and the effects on inflammation were explored in the presence or absence of CCl4. No homozygous mice were born, indicating that the mutation is embryonic lethal. There was no significant difference in liver phenotype and growth between the wild‐type (WT) and heterozygous (HT) mice in the absence of reagent stimulation. After CCl4‐induced acute and chronic liver damage, liver pathology, serum transaminase (ALT/AST) expression and levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐6/TNF‐α) were more severely altered in HT mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, pSmad3C protein levels were lower in liver tissue from HT mice. These results suggest that Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation may have a protective effect during the early stages of liver injury. In summary, we have generated a new animal model that will be a novel tool for future research on the effects of Smad3 domain‐specific phosphorylation on liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongfang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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236
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Rogers CJ, Lukaszewicz AI, Yamada-Hanff J, Micewicz ED, Ratikan JA, Starbird MA, Miller TA, Nguyen C, Lee JT, Olafsen T, Iwamoto KS, McBride WH, Schaue D, Menon N. Identification of miRNA signatures associated with radiation-induced late lung injury in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232411. [PMID: 32392259 PMCID: PMC7213687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute radiation exposure of the thorax can lead to late serious, and even life-threatening, pulmonary and cardiac damage. Sporadic in nature, late complications tend to be difficult to predict, which prompted this investigation into identifying non-invasive, tissue-specific biomarkers for the early detection of late radiation injury. Levels of circulating microRNA (miRNA) were measured in C3H and C57Bl/6 mice after whole thorax irradiation at doses yielding approximately 70% mortality in 120 or 180 days, respectively (LD70/120 or 180). Within the first two weeks after exposure, weight gain slowed compared to sham treated mice along with a temporary drop in white blood cell counts. 52% of C3H (33 of 64) and 72% of C57Bl/6 (46 of 64) irradiated mice died due to late radiation injury. Lung and heart damage, as assessed by computed tomography (CT) and histology at 150 (C3H mice) and 180 (C57Bl/6 mice) days, correlated well with the appearance of a local, miRNA signature in the lung and heart tissue of irradiated animals, consistent with inherent differences in the C3H and C57Bl/6 strains in their propensity for developing radiation-induced pneumonitis or fibrosis, respectively. Radiation-induced changes in the circulating miRNA profile were most prominent within the first 30 days after exposure and included miRNA known to regulate inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, early changes in plasma miRNA expression predicted survival with reasonable accuracy (88-92%). The miRNA signature that predicted survival in C3H mice, including miR-34a-5p, -100-5p, and -150-5p, were associated with pro-inflammatory NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways, whereas the signature identified in C57Bl/6 mice (miR-34b-3p, -96-5p, and -802-5p) was associated with TGF-β/SMAD signaling. This study supports the hypothesis that plasma miRNA profiles could be used to identify individuals at high risk of organ-specific late radiation damage, with applications for radiation oncology clinical practice or in the context of a radiological incident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa D. Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Josephine A. Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Keisuke S. Iwamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - William H. McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Naresh Menon
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
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237
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Fu X, Liu Q, Li C, Li Y, Wang L. Cardiac Fibrosis and Cardiac Fibroblast Lineage-Tracing: Recent Advances. Front Physiol 2020; 11:416. [PMID: 32435205 PMCID: PMC7218116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change associated with cardiac injuries and diseases. Even though the accumulation of collagens and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins may have some protective effects in certain situations, prolonged fibrosis usually negatively affects cardiac function and often leads to deleterious consequences. While the development of cardiac fibrosis involves several cell types, the major source of ECM proteins is cardiac fibroblast. The high plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts enables them to quickly change their behaviors in response to injury and transition between several differentiation states. However, the study of cardiac fibroblasts in vivo was very difficult due to the lack of specific research tools. The development of cardiac fibroblast lineage-tracing mouse lines has greatly promoted cardiac fibrosis research. In this article, we review the recent cardiac fibroblast lineage-tracing studies exploring the origin of cardiac fibroblasts and their complicated roles in cardiac fibrosis, and briefly discuss the translational potential of basic cardiac fibroblast researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chaoyang Li
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yuxia Li
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Leshan Wang
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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238
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A novel role of LRP5 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis through activating TGF-β/Smad signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:45. [PMID: 32345960 PMCID: PMC7188863 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by us and others demonstrated that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Wnt co-receptor LRP5 variants are reported to associate with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; but their exact roles in this disease and renal fibrosis have not been explored. Here, we observed the upregulation of LRP5 in the renal tubules of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic models and of an obstructive nephropathy model. In the obstructed kidneys, Lrp5 knockout significantly ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular injury without changing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Instead, decreased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors (TβRs) were detected in Lrp5 knockout kidneys, followed by attenuated activation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in the renal tubules, suggesting a regulatory effect of LRP5 on TGF-β/Smad signaling. In consistent with this hypothesis, LRP5 overexpression resulted in enhanced TGF-β/Smad signaling activation in renal tubule epithelial cells. Furthermore, LRP5 was co-immunoprecipitated with TβRI and TβRII, and its extracellular domain was essential for interacting with TβRs and for its pro-fibrotic activity. In addition to stabilizing TβRs, LRP5 increased the basal membrane presentation and TGF-β1-induced internalization of these receptors. Notably, TGF-β1 also induced LRP5 internalization. These findings indicate that LRP5 promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis, at least partially, via direct modulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling, a novel, Wnt-independent function.
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239
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Stegemann A, Flis D, Ziolkowski W, Distler JHW, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. The α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Fibrotic Skin Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2371-2379. [PMID: 32335129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting neuroendocrine receptors can be considered as another interesting approach to treating fibrotic disorders. Previously, we could demonstrate that tropisetron, a classical serotonin receptor blocker, can modulate collagen synthesis and acts in vitro through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR). Here, we used a pharmacologic approach with specific α7nAchR agonists to validate this hypothesis. PHA-543613, an α7nAchR-specific agonist, not only prevented but also reversed established skin fibrosis of mice injected with bleomycin. Interestingly, agonistic stimulation of α7nAchR also attenuated experimental skin fibrosis in the non-inflammation driven adenovirus coding for TGFβ receptor Iact mouse model, indicating fibroblast-mediated and not only anti-inflammatory effects of such agents. The fibroblast-mediated effects were confirmed in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts, in which the α7nAchR-specific agonists strongly reduced the impact of TGFβ1-mediated expression on collagen and myofibroblast marker expression. These actions were linked to modulation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor JunB and impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory system. Our results indicate that pharmacologic stimulation of the α7nAchR could be a promising target for treatment of patients with skin fibrotic diseases. Moreover, our results suggest a mechanistic axis of collagen synthesis regulation through the mitochondrial respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Ziolkowski
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Institute for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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240
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Kuga K, Kusakari Y, Uesugi K, Semba K, Urashima T, Akaike T, Minamisawa S. Fibrosis growth factor 23 is a promoting factor for cardiac fibrosis in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231905. [PMID: 32315372 PMCID: PMC7173860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy; indeed, fibrosis is one of the most critical factors affecting prognosis. We aimed to identify the molecules involved in promoting fibrosis under hypertrophic stimuli. We previously established a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy by pulmonary artery banding, in which approximately half of the animals developed fibrosis in the right ventricle. Here, we first comprehensively analyzed mRNA expression in the right ventricle with or without fibrosis in pulmonary artery banding model rats by DNA microarray analysis (GSE141650 at NCBI GEO). The expression levels of 19 genes were up-regulated more than 1.5-fold in fibrotic hearts compared with non-fibrotic hearts. Among them, fibrosis growth factor (FGF) 23 showed one of the biggest increases in expression. Real-time PCR analysis also revealed that, among the FGF receptor (FGFR) family, FGFR1 was highly expressed in fibrotic hearts. We then found that FGF23 was expressed predominantly in cardiomyocytes, while FGFR1 was predominantly expressed in fibroblasts in the rat ventricle. Next, we added FGF23 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (10-50 ng/mL of each) to isolated fibroblasts from normal adult rat ventricles and cultured them for three days. While FGF23 itself did not directly affect the expression levels of any fibrosis-related mRNAs, FGF23 enhanced the effect of TGF-β1 on increasing the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA. This increase in xx-SMA mRNA levels due to the combination of TGF-β1 and FGF23 was attenuated by the inhibition of FGFR1 or the knockdown of FGFR1 in fibroblasts. Thus, FGF23 synergistically promoted the activation of fibroblasts with TGF-β1, transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts via FGFR1. Thus, we identified FGF23 as a paracrine factor secreted from cardiomyocytes to promote cardiac fibrosis under conditions in which TGF-β1 is activated. FGF23 could be a possible target to prevent fibrosis following myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kuga
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusakari
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Uesugi
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Urashima
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Akaike
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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241
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Tian XJ, Zhou D, Fu H, Zhang R, Wang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Xing J. Sequential Wnt Agonist Then Antagonist Treatment Accelerates Tissue Repair and Minimizes Fibrosis. iScience 2020; 23:101047. [PMID: 32339988 PMCID: PMC7186527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis compromises organ function and occurs as a potential long-term outcome in response to acute tissue injuries. Currently, lack of mechanistic understanding prevents effective prevention and treatment of the progression from acute injury to fibrosis. Here, we combined quantitative experimental studies with a mouse kidney injury model and a computational approach to determine how the physiological consequences are determined by the severity of ischemia injury and to identify how to manipulate Wnt signaling to accelerate repair of ischemic tissue damage while minimizing fibrosis. The study reveals that memory of prior injury contributes to fibrosis progression and ischemic preconditioning reduces the risk of death but increases the risk of fibrosis. Furthermore, we validated the prediction that sequential combination therapy of initial treatment with a Wnt agonist followed by treatment with a Wnt antagonist can reduce both the risk of death and fibrosis in response to acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Tian
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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242
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Maione AS, Pilato CA, Casella M, Gasperetti A, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Fibrosis in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: The Phantom Thread in the Fibro-Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2020; 11:279. [PMID: 32317983 PMCID: PMC7147329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disorder, predisposing to malignant ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death, particularly in young and athletic patients. Pathological features include a progressive loss of myocardium with fibrous or fibro-fatty substitution. During the last few decades, different clinical aspects of ACM have been well investigated but still little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie ACM pathogenesis, leading to these phenotypes. In about 50% of ACM patients, a genetic mutation, predominantly in genes that encode for desmosomal proteins, has been identified. However, the mutation-associated mechanisms, causing the observed cardiac phenotype are not always clear. Until now, the attention has been principally focused on the study of molecular mechanisms that lead to a prominent myocardium adipose substitution, an uncommon marker for a cardiac disease, thus often recognized as hallmark of ACM. Nonetheless, based on Task Force Criteria for the diagnosis of ACM, cardiomyocytes death associated with fibrous replacement of the ventricular free wall must be considered the main tissue feature in ACM patients. For this reason, it urges to investigate ACM cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we give an overview on the cellular effectors, possible triggers, and molecular mechanisms that could be responsible for the ventricular fibrotic remodeling in ACM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Gasperetti
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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243
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Hammouda MB, Ford AE, Liu Y, Zhang JY. The JNK Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E857. [PMID: 32252279 PMCID: PMC7226813 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Dysregulation of JNK pathway is associated with a wide range of immune disorders and cancer. Our objective is to provide a review of JNK proteins and their upstream regulators and downstream effector molecules in common skin disorders, including psoriasis, dermal fibrosis, scleroderma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel B. Hammouda
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Amy E. Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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244
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Bansod S, Aslam Saifi M, Khurana A, Godugu C. Nimbolide abrogates cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis by modulating β-catenin/Smad in a sirtuin-dependent way. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104756. [PMID: 32194177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide with no clinically approved therapeutic interventions. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of nimbolide (NB), an active constituent of neem tree (Azadirachta indica), by targeting β-catenin/Smad/SIRT1 in cerulein-induced CP model. The effects of NB was investigated on cerulein (50 μg/kg/hr*6 exposures /day, 3 days a week for 3 weeks) induced CP in mice. Amylase and lipase activity were measured and histopathological evaluation was performed. Collagen deposition in the pancreatic tissue was estimated by hydroxyproline assay, and collagen specific staining picrosirius red and Masson's trichrome. Cerulein-induced CP was significantly controlled by NB treatment, as shown by the downregulation of β-catenin/Smad signaling in a SIRT1 dependent manner. NB treatment significantly decreased α-SMA, MMP-2, collagen1a, fibronectin, TGF-β1, p-Smad-2/3 expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in pancreatic tissue. However, the protective effects of NB on cerulein-induced CP were undermined by nicotinamide (NMD) or splitomicin, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitors treatment. NB treatment modulated protein expression by activating SIRT1 and decreasing the expression of β-catenin/Smad proteins in CP mice. However, the expression of SIRT1 in pancreatic tissue was elevated by NB treatment and it was decreased by NMD or splitomicin treatment. In summary, our results strongly suggest that NB exerted promising protective effects in cerulein-induced CP model by inhibiting β-catenin/Smad in a sirtuin-dependent manner, which could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Our study suggests that NB could be an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Rodelo-Haad C, Pendon-Ruiz de Mier MV, Martin-Malo A, Santamaria R, Rodriguez M. Klotho/FGF23 and Wnt Signaling as Important Players in the Comorbidities Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E185. [PMID: 32188018 PMCID: PMC7150840 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho play an essential role in the regulation of mineral metabolism, and both are altered as a consequence of renal failure. FGF23 increases to augment phosphaturia, which prevents phosphate accumulation at the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This effect of FGF23 requires the presence of Klotho in the renal tubules. However, Klotho expression is reduced as soon as renal function is starting to fail to generate a state of FGF23 resistance. Changes in these proteins directly affect to other mineral metabolism parameters; they may affect renal function and can produce damage in other organs such as bone, heart, or vessels. Some of the mechanisms responsible for the changes in FGF23 and Klotho levels are related to modifications in the Wnt signaling. This review examines the link between FGF23/Klotho and Wnt/β-catenin in different organs: kidney, heart, and bone. Activation of the canonical Wnt signaling produces changes in FGF23 and Klotho and vice versa; therefore, this pathway emerges as a potential therapeutic target that may help to prevent CKD-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Rodelo-Haad
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Pendon-Ruiz de Mier
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Malo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Santamaria
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Rodriguez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.M.-C.); (C.R.-H.); (A.M.-M.); (R.S.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gay D, Ghinatti G, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Ferrer RA, Ferri F, Lim CH, Murakami S, Gault N, Barroca V, Rombeau I, Mauffrey P, Irbah L, Treffeisen E, Franz S, Boissonnas A, Combadière C, Ito M, Plikus MV, Romeo PH. Phagocytosis of Wnt inhibitor SFRP4 by late wound macrophages drives chronic Wnt activity for fibrotic skin healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3704. [PMID: 32219160 PMCID: PMC7083618 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human and murine skin wounding commonly results in fibrotic scarring, but the murine wounding model wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) can frequently result in a regenerative repair response. Here, we show in single-cell RNA sequencing comparisons of semi-regenerative and fibrotic WIHN wounds, increased expression of phagocytic/lysosomal genes in macrophages associated with predominance of fibrotic myofibroblasts in fibrotic wounds. Investigation revealed that macrophages in the late wound drive fibrosis by phagocytizing dermal Wnt inhibitor SFRP4 to establish persistent Wnt activity. In accordance, phagocytosis abrogation resulted in transient Wnt activity and a more regenerative healing. Phagocytosis of SFRP4 was integrin-mediated and dependent on the interaction of SFRP4 with the EDA splice variant of fibronectin. In the human skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa, phagocytosis of SFRP4 by macrophages correlated with fibrotic wound repair. These results reveal that macrophages can modulate a key signaling pathway via phagocytosis to alter the skin wound healing fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Gay
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Giulia Ghinatti
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
| | - Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rubén A. Ferrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federica Ferri
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Murakami
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
| | - Nathalie Gault
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
| | - Isabelle Rombeau
- Charles River Laboratories, 169 Bois des Oncins, 69210 Saint-Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Philippe Mauffrey
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
| | - Lamya Irbah
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- DFG-German Research Council Transregio 67, Leipzig-Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandre Boissonnas
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Inserm U1074, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France
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247
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Transcriptional analysis of scar-free wound healing during early stages of tail regeneration in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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248
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Cheng F, Su S, Zhu X, Jia X, Tian H, Zhai X, Guan W, Zhou Y. Leptin promotes methionine adenosyltransferase 2A expression in hepatic stellate cells by the downregulation of E2F-4 via the β-catenin pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:5578-5589. [PMID: 32108965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903021rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most obese patients develop hyperleptinaemia. Leptin, mainly produced by adipocytes, demonstrates a promotional role in liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, a key step in liver fibrogenesis, requires global reprogramming of gene expression. The remodeling of DNA methylation is a mechanism of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, a principle biological methyl donor, is catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) such as MATⅡ which has been shown to promote HSC activation in vitro. This study was mainly aimed to determine the effect of leptin on MAT2A expression (the catalytic subunit of MATⅡ) in HSCs. Results showed that MAT2A knockdown reduced leptin-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis in the leptin-deficient mouse model. Leptin promoted MAT2A expression in HSCs and increased MAT2A promoter activity. The axis of the β-catenin pathway/E2F-4 mediated the effect of leptin on MAT2A expression. Leptin-induced β-catenin signaling reduced E2F-4 expression and thus abated E2F-4 binding to MAT2A promoter at a site around -2779 bp, leading to an increase in the MAT2A promoter activity. These data might shed more light on the mechanisms responsible for liver fibrogenesis in obese patients with hyperleptinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengyan Su
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haimeng Tian
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuguang Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Savary G, Dewaeles E, Diazzi S, Buscot M, Nottet N, Fassy J, Courcot E, Henaoui IS, Lemaire J, Martis N, Van der Hauwaert C, Pons N, Magnone V, Leroy S, Hofman V, Plantier L, Lebrigand K, Paquet A, Lino Cardenas CL, Vassaux G, Hofman P, Günther A, Crestani B, Wallaert B, Rezzonico R, Brousseau T, Glowacki F, Bellusci S, Perrais M, Broly F, Barbry P, Marquette CH, Cauffiez C, Mari B, Pottier N. The Long Noncoding RNA DNM3OS Is a Reservoir of FibromiRs with Major Functions in Lung Fibroblast Response to TGF-β and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:184-198. [PMID: 30964696 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1237oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Given the paucity of effective treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), new insights into the deleterious mechanisms controlling lung fibroblast activation, the key cell type driving the fibrogenic process, are essential to develop new therapeutic strategies. TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is the main profibrotic factor, but its inhibition is associated with severe side effects because of its pleiotropic role. Objectives: To determine if downstream noncoding effectors of TGF-β in fibroblasts may represent new effective therapeutic targets whose modulation may be well tolerated. Methods: We investigated the whole noncoding fraction of TGF-β-stimulated lung fibroblast transcriptome to identify new genomic determinants of lung fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. Differential expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DNM3OS (dynamin 3 opposite strand) and its associated microRNAs (miRNAs) was validated in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis and in IPF tissue samples. Distinct and complementary antisense oligonucleotide-based strategies aiming at interfering with DNM3OS were used to elucidate the role of DNM3OS and its associated miRNAs in IPF pathogenesis. Measurements and Main Results: We identified DNM3OS as a fibroblast-specific critical downstream effector of TGF-β-induced lung myofibroblast activation. Mechanistically, DNM3OS regulates this process in trans by giving rise to three distinct profibrotic mature miRNAs (i.e., miR-199a-5p/3p and miR-214-3p), which influence SMAD and non-SMAD components of TGF-β signaling in a multifaceted way. In vivo, we showed that interfering with DNM3OS function not only prevents lung fibrosis but also improves established pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: Pharmacological approaches aiming at interfering with the lncRNA DNM3OS may represent new effective therapeutic strategies in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Savary
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,2 EA 4483-IMPECS and
| | | | - Serena Diazzi
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Matthieu Buscot
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,3 Département de Pneumologie, CHU-Nice
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Julien Fassy
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Imène-Sarah Henaoui
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Nihal Martis
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,3 Département de Pneumologie, CHU-Nice
| | | | - Nicolas Pons
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Virginie Magnone
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.,3 Département de Pneumologie, CHU-Nice
| | - Véronique Hofman
- 4 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), CHU Nice, and.,5 CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laurent Plantier
- 6 Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires-CEPR, INSERM, UMR1100, Labex Mabimprove, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Kevin Lebrigand
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Agnès Paquet
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Georges Vassaux
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- 4 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), CHU Nice, and.,5 CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andreas Günther
- 7 Center for Interstitial and Rare Diseases and Cardiopulmonary Institute and.,8 European IPF Registry and Biobank and
| | - Bruno Crestani
- 8 European IPF Registry and Biobank and.,9 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM U1152, Université Paris Diderot, LABEX Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Paris, France; and
| | | | - Roger Rezzonico
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Thierry Brousseau
- 11 Service de Biochimie Automatisée, Protéines et Biologie Prédictive
| | | | - Saverio Bellusci
- 13 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Franck Broly
- 2 EA 4483-IMPECS and.,15 Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Mari
- 1 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- 2 EA 4483-IMPECS and.,15 Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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250
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Padwal M, Liu L, Margetts PJ. The role of WNT5A and Ror2 in peritoneal membrane injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3481-3491. [PMID: 32052562 PMCID: PMC7131918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients on peritoneal dialysis are at risk of developing peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis, which can lead to dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane. Recent evidence has identified cross‐talk between transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) and the WNT/β‐catenin pathway to induce fibrosis and angiogenesis. Limited evidence exists describing the role of non‐canonical WNT signalling in peritoneal membrane injury. Non‐canonical WNT5A is suggested to have different effects depending on the receptor environment. WNT5A has been implicated in antagonizing canonical WNT/β‐catenin signalling in the presence of receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor (Ror2). We co‐expressed TGFB and WNT5A using adenovirus and examined its role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. Treatment of mouse peritoneum with AdWNT5A decreased the submesothelial thickening and angiogenesis induced by AdTGFB. WNT5A appeared to block WNT/β‐catenin signalling by inhibiting phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) and reducing levels of total β‐catenin and target proteins. To examine the function of Ror2, we silenced Ror2 in a human mesothelial cell line. We treated cells with AdWNT5A and observed a significant increase in fibronectin compared with AdWNT5A alone. We also analysed fibronectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a TGFB model of mesothelial cell injury. Both fibronectin and VEGF were significantly increased in response to Ror2 silencing when cells were exposed to TGFB. Our results suggest that WNT5A inhibits peritoneal injury and this is associated with a decrease in WNT/β‐catenin signalling. In human mesothelial cells, Ror2 is involved in regulating levels of fibronectin and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Padwal
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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