201
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Wang R, Zhou X, Zhu X, Yang C, Liu L, Shi H. Isoelectric Bovine Serum Albumin: Robust Blocking Agent for Enhanced Performance in Optical-Fiber Based DNA Sensing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:257-262. [PMID: 28723134 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface blocking is a well-known process for reducing unwanted nonspecific adsorption in sensor fabrication, especially important in the emerging field where DNA/RNA applied. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is one of the most popular blocking agents with an isoelectric point at pH 4.6. Although it is widely recognized that the adsorption of a blocking agent is strongly affected by its net charge and the maximum adsorption is often observed under its isoelectric form, BSA has long been perfunctorily used for blocking merely in neutral solution, showing poor blocking performances in the optical-fiber evanescent wave (OFEW) based sensing toward DNA target. To meet this challenge, we first put forward the view that isoelectric BSA (iep-BSA) has the best blocking performance and use an OFEW sensor platform to demonstrate this concept. An optical-fiber was covalently modified with amino-DNA, and further coupled with the optical system to detect fluorophore labeled complementary DNA within the evanescent field. A dramatic improvement in the reusability of this DNA modified sensing surface was achieved with 120 stable detection cycles, which ensured accurate quantitative bioassay. As expected, the iep-BSA blocked OFEW system showed enhanced sensing performance toward target DNA with a detection limit of 125 pM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest number of regeneration cycles ever reported for a DNA immobilized optical-fiber surface. This study can also serve as a good reference and provide important implications for developing similar DNA-directed surface biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lanhua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanchang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory
of ESPC; Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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202
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Ndieyira JW, Bailey J, Patil SB, Vögtli M, Cooper MA, Abell C, McKendry RA, Aeppli G. Surface mediated cooperative interactions of drugs enhance mechanical forces for antibiotic action. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41206. [PMID: 28155918 PMCID: PMC5290737 DOI: 10.1038/srep41206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics is now recognized as a major health issue fuelling demand for new drugs. Bacterial resistance is often caused by molecular changes at the bacterial surface, which alter the nature of specific drug-target interactions. Here, we identify a novel mechanism by which drug-target interactions in resistant bacteria can be enhanced. We examined the surface forces generated by four antibiotics; vancomycin, ristomycin, chloroeremomycin and oritavancin against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant targets on a cantilever and demonstrated significant differences in mechanical response when drug-resistant targets are challenged with different antibiotics although no significant differences were observed when using susceptible targets. Remarkably, the binding affinity for oritavancin against drug-resistant targets (70 nM) was found to be 11,000 times stronger than for vancomycin (800 μM), a powerful antibiotic used as the last resort treatment for streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Using an exactly solvable model, which takes into account the solvent and membrane effects, we demonstrate that drug-target interactions are strengthened by pronounced polyvalent interactions catalyzed by the surface itself. These findings further enhance our understanding of antibiotic mode of action and will enable development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Ndieyira
- Departments of Medicine, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology and Departments of Medicine and Physics, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Po Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joe Bailey
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Departments of Medicine and Physics, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Samadhan B Patil
- Departments of Medicine, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Manuel Vögtli
- Departments of Medicine, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A McKendry
- Departments of Medicine, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Gabriel Aeppli
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland.,Institut de Physique, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.,Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
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203
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TalebiFard S, Schmidt S, Shi W, Wu W, Jaeger NAF, Kwok E, Ratner DM, Chrostowski L. Optimized sensitivity of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) strip waveguide resonator sensor. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:500-511. [PMID: 28270963 PMCID: PMC5330585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Evanescent field sensors have shown promise for biological sensing applications. In particular, Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI)-nano-photonic based resonator sensors have many advantages for lab-on-chip diagnostics, including high sensitivity for molecular detection and compatibility with CMOS foundries for high volume manufacturing. We have investigated the optimum design parameters within the fabrication constraints of Multi-Project Wafer (MPW) foundries that result in the highest sensitivity for a resonator sensor. We have demonstrated the optimum waveguide thickness needed to achieve the maximum bulk sensitivity with SOI-based resonator sensors to be 165 nm using the quasi-TM guided mode. The closest thickness offered by MPW foundry services is 150 nm. Therefore, resonators with 150 nm thick silicon waveguides were fabricated resulting in sensitivities as high as 270 nm/RIU, whereas a similar resonator sensor with a 220 nm thick waveguide demonstrated sensitivities of approximately 200 nm/RIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba TalebiFard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
| | - Shon Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061 Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Wei Shi
- University of Laval 2325 Rue de l’Universite, Ville de Quebec, QC G1V 0A6,
Canada
| | - WenXuan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061 Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Nicolas A. F. Jaeger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
| | - Ezra Kwok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3,
Canada
| | - Daniel M. Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061 Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
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204
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Stassi S, Chiadò A, Cauda V, Palmara G, Canavese G, Laurenti M, Ricciardi C. Functionalized ZnO nanowires for microcantilever biosensors with enhanced binding capability. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2615-2625. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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205
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Huang Q, Xia J. Femtogram scale high frequency nano-optomechanical resonators in water. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:821-830. [PMID: 28157970 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A femtogram scale nanobeam optomechanical crystal (OMC) resonator operating in water is designed and demonstrated. After immersing the device in water, the mechanical Q-factor reduces to 6.6 from 2285 in air. The thermomechanical motion of the highly damped mechanical resonance in water can be resolved using the sensitive cavity optomechanical readout. The mechanical frequency is shifted to 5.251 GHz from 5.3 GHz in air due to the added motional inertia. From the thermomechanical noise spectrum of the mechanical resonance, a noise floor of 9.33am/Hz is achieved in water. Through 2D finite element method (FEM) simulations, the acoustic dissipation dominates the low mechanical Q-factor of the device during the interaction between the mechanical resonance and surrounding water. The mass sensitivity of the present device is estimated to be 1.33ag/Hz in water.
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206
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Alcheikh N, Ramini A, Hafiz MAA, Younis MI. Tunable Clamped–Guided Arch Resonators Using Electrostatically Induced Axial Loads. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189952 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a simulation and experimental investigation of bi-directional tunable in-plane clamped–guided arch microbeam resonators. Tensile and compressive axial forces are generated from a bi-directional electrostatic actuator, which modulates the microbeam stiffness, and hence changes its natural frequency to lower or higher values from its as-fabricated value. Several devices of various anchor designs and geometries are fabricated. We found that for the fabricated shallow arches, the effect of the curvature of the arch is less important compared to the induced axial stress from the axial load. We have shown that the first mode resonance frequency can be increased up to twice its initial value. Additionally, the third mode resonance frequency can be increased up to 30% of its initial value. These results can be promising as a proof-of-concept for the realization of wide-range tunable microresonators. The experimental results have been compared to finite-element simulations, showing good agreement among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Alcheikh
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Abdallah Ramini
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Md Abdullah Al Hafiz
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad I. Younis
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-2-808-0597
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207
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Abstract
Microarrays of biological molecules such as DNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and small molecules provide a high-throughput platform for screening tens of thousands of biomolecular interactions simultaneously, facilitating the functional characterization of these biomolecules in areas of genomics, proteomics, glycomics, and cytomics. Routinely, analysis of binding reactions between solution-phased probes and surface-immobilized targets involves some kinds of fluorescence-based detection methods. Even though these methods have advantages of high sensitivity and wide dynamic range, labeling probes and/or targets inevitably changes their innate properties and in turn affects probe-target interactions in often uncharacterized ways. Therefore, in recent years, various label-free sensing technologies have been developed for characterizing biomolecular interactions in microarray format. These biosensors, to a certain extent, take the place of fluorescent methods by providing a comparable sensitivity as well as retaining the conformational and functional integrality of biomolecules to be investigated. More importantly, some of these biosensors are capable of real-time monitoring probe-target interactions, providing the binding affinities of these reactions. Using label-free biosensors in microarrays has become a current trend in developing high-throughput screening platforms for drug discoveries and applications in all areas of "-omics." This article is aimed to provide principles and recent developments in label-free sensing technologies applicable to microarrays, with special attentions being paid to surface plasmon resonance microscopy and oblique-incidence reflectivity difference microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 24205.
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208
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Kerry RG, Gouda S, Das G, Vishnuprasad CN, Patra JK. Agricultural Nanotechnologies: Current Applications and Future Prospects. Microb Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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209
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Dias TM, Fernandes E, Cardoso S, Monteiro G, Freitas PP. One-step trapping of droplets and surface functionalization of sensors using gold-patterned structures for multiplexing in biochips. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new methodology for one-step trapping of microspotted droplets and surface functionalization of sensors using gold-patterned structures for multiplexing Point-of-Care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Dias
- INESC Microsystems and Nanotechnologies
- Instituto de Nanociencias e Nanotecnologias
- 1000-029 Lisbon
- Portugal
- IBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
| | - E. Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
- Braga
- Portugal
| | - S. Cardoso
- Instituto Superior Tecnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
| | - G. Monteiro
- IBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
- Instituto Superior Tecnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
| | - P. P. Freitas
- INESC Microsystems and Nanotechnologies
- Instituto de Nanociencias e Nanotecnologias
- 1000-029 Lisbon
- Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
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210
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Chen D, Song S, Ma J, Zhang Z, Wang P, Liu W, Guo Q. Micro-electromechanical film bulk acoustic sensor for plasma and whole blood coagulation monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:465-471. [PMID: 28068607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring blood coagulation is an important issue in the surgeries and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we reported a novel strategy for the blood coagulation monitoring based on a micro-electromechanical film bulk acoustic resonator. The resonator was excited by a lateral electric field and operated under the shear mode with a frequency of 1.9GHz. According to the apparent step-ladder curves of the frequency response to the change of blood viscoelasticity, the coagulation time (prothrombin time) and the coagulation kinetics were measured with the sample consumption of only 1μl. The procoagulant activity of thromboplastin and the anticoagulant effect of heparin on the blood coagulation process were illustrated exemplarily. The measured prothrombin times showed a good linear correlation with R2=0.99969 and a consistency with the coefficient of variation less than 5% compared with the commercial coagulometer. The proposed film bulk acoustic sensor, which has the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, simple operation and little sample consumption, is a promising device for miniaturized, online and automated analytical system for routine diagnostics of hemostatic status and personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Mine Disaster Prevention and Control Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Shuren Song
- College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jilong Ma
- College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Weihui Liu
- College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7.
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211
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Lynn NS, Homola J. (Bio)Sensing Using Nanoparticle Arrays: On the Effect of Analyte Transport on Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12145-12151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Scott Lynn
- Institute of Photonics and
Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Chaberská
57, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and
Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Chaberská
57, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
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212
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A novel bio-engineering approach to generate an eminent surface-functionalized template for selective detection of female sex pheromone of Helicoverpa armigera. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37355. [PMID: 27892521 PMCID: PMC5124941 DOI: 10.1038/srep37355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pests exert serious effects on food production due to which the global crop yields are reduced by ~20–40 percent per year. Hence to meet the world’s food needs, loses of food due to crop pests must be reduced. Herein the silicon dioxide based MEMS devices are covalently functionalized for robust and efficient optical sensing of the female sex pheromones of the pests like Helicoverpa armigera for the first time in literature. The functionalized devices are also capable of selectively measuring the concentration of this pheromone at femtogram level which is much below the concentration of pheromone at the time of pest infestation in an agricultural field. Experiments are also performed in a confined region in the presence of male and female pests and tomato plants which directly mimics the real environmental conditions. Again the reversible use and absolutely trouble free transportation of these pheromone nanosensors heightens their potentials for commercial use. Overall, a novel and unique approach for the selective and reversible sensing of female sex pheromones of certain hazardous pests is reported herein which may be efficiently and economically carried forward from the research laboratory to the agricultural field.
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213
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Puiggalí-Jou A, del Valle LJ, Alemán C, Pérez-Madrigal MM. Weighing biointeractions between fibrin(ogen) and clot-binding peptides using microcantilever sensors. J Pept Sci 2016; 23:162-171. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Avda. Diagonal 647 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
- Center for Research in Nano-Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Campus Sud, Edifici C', C/Pasqual i Vila s/n Barcelona E-08028 Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Avda. Diagonal 647 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
- Center for Research in Nano-Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Campus Sud, Edifici C', C/Pasqual i Vila s/n Barcelona E-08028 Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Avda. Diagonal 647 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
- Center for Research in Nano-Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Campus Sud, Edifici C', C/Pasqual i Vila s/n Barcelona E-08028 Spain
| | - Maria M. Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Avda. Diagonal 647 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
- Center for Research in Nano-Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Campus Sud, Edifici C', C/Pasqual i Vila s/n Barcelona E-08028 Spain
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214
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Imamura G, Shiba K, Yoshikawa G. Finite Element Analysis on Nanomechanical Sensing of Cellular Forces. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1189-1194. [PMID: 27829624 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cellular forces plays an important role in investigating the mechanical basis of cells. As nanomechanical sensors can directly detect surface stress, they can be utilized to detect cellular forces. In the present study, we perform quantitative simulations of nanomechanical sensors for the detection of cellular forces using finite element analyses (FEA). We focus on two types of nanomechanical sensors: a cantilever-type sensor and a membrane-type surface stress sensor (MSS). It is found that sensing signals can be obtained when cells on the nanomechanical sensors synchronize their motions. To effectively detect cellular forces on the nanomechanical sensors, we discuss the optimization scheme for a coating layer on the surface of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Imamura
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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215
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Haag AL, Schumacher Z, Grutter P. Sensitivity measurement of a cantilever-based surface stress sensor. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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216
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Pulled microcapillary tube resonators with electrical readout for mass sensing applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33799. [PMID: 27694852 PMCID: PMC5046181 DOI: 10.1038/srep33799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a microfabrication-free approach to make hollow channel mass sensors by pulling a glass capillary and suspending it on top of a machined jig. A part of the pulled section makes simple contact with an actuation node and a quartz tuning fork (QTF) which acts as a sensing node. The two nodes define a pulled micro capillary tube resonator (PμTR) simply supported at two contacts. While a piezo actuator beneath the actuation node excites the PμTR, the QTF senses the resonance frequency of the PμTR. The proposed concept was validated by electrical and optical measurements of resonant spectra of PμTR. Then, different liquid samples including water, ethanol, glycerol, and their binary mixtures were introduced into the PμTR and the resonance frequency of the PμTR was measured as a function of liquid density. Density responsivity of −3,088 Hz-g−1 cm3 obtained is comparable to those of microfabricated hollow resonators. With a micro droplet generation chip configured in series with the PμTR, size distribution of oil droplets suspended in water was successfully measured with the radius resolution of 31 nm at the average droplet radius, 28.47 μm. Overall, typical off-the-shelf parts simply constitute a resonant mass sensing system along with a convenient electrical readout.
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217
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Lei KM, Mak PI, Law MK, Martins RP. CMOS biosensors for in vitro diagnosis - transducing mechanisms and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3664-3681. [PMID: 27713991 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enables low-cost and large-scale integration of transistors and physical sensing materials on tiny chips (e.g., <1 cm2), seamlessly combining the two key functions of biosensors: transducing and signal processing. Recent CMOS biosensors unified different transducing mechanisms (impedance, fluorescence, and nuclear spin) and readout electronics have demonstrated competitive sensitivity for in vitro diagnosis, such as detection of DNA (down to 10 aM), protein (down to 10 fM), or bacteria/cells (single cell). Herein, we detail the recent advances in CMOS biosensors, centering on their key principles, requisites, and applications. Together, these may contribute to the advancement of our healthcare system, which should be decentralized by broadly utilizing point-of-care diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Meng Lei
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China
| | - Man-Kay Law
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China.
| | - Rui P Martins
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China and On leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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218
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Zhang X, Zambrano A, Lin ZT, Xing Y, Rippy J, Wu T. Immunosensors for Biomarker Detection in Autoimmune Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:111-121. [PMID: 27592176 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system generates proinflammatory molecules and autoantibodies that mistakenly attack their own body. Traditional diagnosis of autoimmune disease is primarily based on physician assessment combined with core laboratory tests. However, these tests are not sensitive enough to detect early molecular events, and quite often, it is too late to control these autoimmune diseases and reverse tissue damage when conventional tests show positivity for disease. It is fortunate that during the past decade, research in nanotechnology has provided enormous opportunities for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors in detecting early biomarkers with high sensitivity. Biosensors consist of a biorecognition element and a transducer which are able to facilitate an accurate detection of proinflammatory molecules, autoantibodies and other disease-causing molecules. Apparently, novel biosensors could be superior to traditional metrics in assessing the drug efficacy in clinical trials, especially when specific biomarkers are indicative of the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, the portability of a biosensor enables the development of point-of-care devices. In this review, various types of biomolecule sensing systems, including electrochemical, optical and mechanical sensors, and their applications and future potentials in autoimmune disease treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Zhang
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Amarayca Zambrano
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yikun Xing
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Justin Rippy
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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219
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Hill S, Qian W, Chen W, Fu J. Surface micromachining of polydimethylsiloxane for microfluidics applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054114. [PMID: 27795746 PMCID: PMC5065565 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer has emerged as one of the most frequently applied materials in microfluidics. However, precise and large-scale surface micromachining of PDMS remains challenging, limiting applications of PDMS for microfluidic structures with high-resolution features. Herein, surface patterning of PDMS was achieved using a simple yet effective method combining direct photolithography followed by reactive-ion etching (RIE). This method incorporated a unique step of using oxygen plasma to activate PDMS surfaces to a hydrophilic state, thereby enabling improved adhesion of photoresist on top of PDMS surfaces for subsequent photolithography. RIE was applied to transfer patterns from photoresist to underlying PDMS thin films. Systematic experiments were conducted in the present work to characterize PDMS etch rate and etch selectivity of PDMS to photoresist as a function of various RIE parameters, including pressure, RF power, and gas flow rate and composition. We further compared two common RIE systems with and without bias power and employed inductively coupled plasma and capacitively coupled plasma sources, respectively, in terms of their PDMS etching performances. The RIE-based PDMS surface micromachining technique is compatible with conventional Si-based surface and bulk micromachining techniques, thus opening promising opportunities for generating hybrid microfluidic devices with novel functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University , Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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220
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Federici S, Padovani F, Poli M, Rodriguez FC, Arosio P, Depero LE, Bergese P. Energetics of surface confined ferritin during iron loading. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:520-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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221
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Li Q, Ullah Z, Li W, Guo Y, Xu J, Wang R, Zeng Q, Chen M, Liu C, Liu L. Wide-Range Strain Sensors Based on Highly Transparent and Supremely Stretchable Graphene/Ag-Nanowires Hybrid Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5058-5065. [PMID: 27425884 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand of electronic devices for physical motion detection has encouraged the development of highly elastic strain sensors. Especially, to capture wide-range physical movements, supremely stretchable and wide-range strain sensors are required. Here, a novel transparent, bendable, stretchable, and wide-range strain sensor based on a sandwich-like stacked graphene and Ag-nanowires hybrid structures is reported. The hybrid structures on 200% pre-stretched polyacrylate (PAC) are patterned which possess good bendability up to 2 mm radius, impressive stretchability up to 200% and comparatively low sheet resistance ≈200 Ω sq-1 with transparency 85%. Pre-stretched PAC technique enables the sensor to work well at extremely high strains and to sense the multidirectional strains efficiently. The Ag-nanowires pattern on PAC is fabricated via the bubble-template method, by which a uniform distribution of Ag-nanowires is achieved with significant connectivity throughout the surface. This not only decreases the power consumption but also enhances the sensitivity of the strain sensor. The demonstrated strain sensor is capable to sense strains between 5% and 200%, and the response time for this sensation is <1 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zaka Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianbao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rubing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications-CAS & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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222
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Lifson MA, Ozen MO, Inci F, Wang S, Inan H, Baday M, Henrich TJ, Demirci U. Advances in biosensing strategies for HIV-1 detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:90-104. [PMID: 27262924 PMCID: PMC4943868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 is a major global epidemic that requires sophisticated clinical management. There have been remarkable efforts to develop new strategies for detecting and treating HIV-1, as it has been challenging to translate them into resource-limited settings. Significant research efforts have been recently devoted to developing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that can monitor HIV-1 viral load with high sensitivity by leveraging micro- and nano-scale technologies. These POC devices can be applied to monitoring of antiretroviral therapy, during mother-to-child transmission, and identification of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. In this review, we discuss current challenges in HIV-1 diagnosis and therapy in resource-limited settings and present emerging technologies that aim to address these challenges using innovative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lifson
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - ShuQi Wang
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Medicine Faculty, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Murat Baday
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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223
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Cavity optomechanical spring sensing of single molecules. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12311. [PMID: 27460277 PMCID: PMC4974467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free bio-sensing is a critical functionality underlying a variety of health- and security-related applications. Micro-/nano-photonic devices are well suited for this purpose and have emerged as promising platforms in recent years. Here we propose and demonstrate an approach that utilizes the optical spring effect in a high-Q coherent optomechanical oscillator to dramatically enhance the sensing resolution by orders of magnitude compared with conventional approaches, allowing us to detect single bovine serum albumin proteins with a molecular weight of 66 kDa at a signal-to-noise ratio of 16.8. The unique optical spring sensing approach opens up a distinctive avenue that not only enables biomolecule sensing and recognition at individual level, but is also of great promise for broad physical sensing applications that rely on sensitive detection of optical cavity resonance shift to probe external physical parameters.
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224
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Shiba K, Yoshikawa G. Aero-Thermo-Dynamic Mass Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28849. [PMID: 27412335 PMCID: PMC4944150 DOI: 10.1038/srep28849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Each gas molecule has its own molecular weight, while such a microscopic characteristic is generally inaccessible, and thus, it is measured indirectly through e.g. ionization in conventional mass analysis. Here, we present a novel approach to the direct measurement of molecular weight through a nanoarchitectonic combination of aerodynamics, thermodynamics, and mechanics, transducing microscopic events into macroscopic phenomena. It is confirmed that this approach can provide molecular weight of virtually any gas or vaporizable liquid sample in real-time without ionization. Demonstrations through analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and experiments verify the validity and versatility of the novel mass analysis realized by a simple setup with a flexible object (e.g. with a bare cantilever and even with a business card) placed in a laminar jet. Owing to its unique and simple working principle, this aero-thermo-dynamic mass analysis (AMA) can be integrated into various analytical devices, production lines, and consumer mobile platforms, opening new chapters in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, mechanics, and mass analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Shiba
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Ibaraki, Japan.,World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Ibaraki, Japan.,Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, 305-8571 Ibaraki, Japan
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225
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Flueckiger J, Schmidt S, Donzella V, Sherwali A, Ratner DM, Chrostowski L, Cheung KC. Sub-wavelength grating for enhanced ring resonator biosensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:15672-86. [PMID: 27410840 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.015672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
While silicon photonic resonant cavities have been widely investigated for biosensing applications, enhancing their sensitivity and detection limit continues to be an area of active research. Here, we describe how to engineer the effective refractive index and mode profile of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide using sub-wavelength gratings (SWG) and report on its observed performance as a biosensor. We designed a 30 μm diameter SWG ring resonator and fabricated it using Ebeam lithography. Its characterization resulted in a quality factor, Q, of 7 · 103, bulk sensitivity Sb = 490 nm/RIU, and system limit of detection sLoD = 2 · 10-6 RIU. Finally we employ a model biological sandwich assay to demonstrate its utility for biosensing applications.
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226
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McLeod E, Ozcan A. Unconventional methods of imaging: computational microscopy and compact implementations. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:076001. [PMID: 27214407 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades or so, there has been a renaissance of optical microscopy research and development. Much work has been done in an effort to improve the resolution and sensitivity of microscopes, while at the same time to introduce new imaging modalities, and make existing imaging systems more efficient and more accessible. In this review, we look at two particular aspects of this renaissance: computational imaging techniques and compact imaging platforms. In many cases, these aspects go hand-in-hand because the use of computational techniques can simplify the demands placed on optical hardware in obtaining a desired imaging performance. In the first main section, we cover lens-based computational imaging, in particular, light-field microscopy, structured illumination, synthetic aperture, Fourier ptychography, and compressive imaging. In the second main section, we review lensfree holographic on-chip imaging, including how images are reconstructed, phase recovery techniques, and integration with smart substrates for more advanced imaging tasks. In the third main section we describe how these and other microscopy modalities have been implemented in compact and field-portable devices, often based around smartphones. Finally, we conclude with some comments about opportunities and demand for better results, and where we believe the field is heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan McLeod
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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227
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Chiadò A, Palmara G, Ricciardi S, Frascella F, Castellino M, Tortello M, Ricciardi C, Rivolo P. Optimization and characterization of a homogeneous carboxylic surface functionalization for silicon-based biosensing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:252-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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228
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Conde JP, Madaboosi N, Soares RRG, Fernandes JTS, Novo P, Moulas G, Chu V. Lab-on-chip systems for integrated bioanalyses. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:121-31. [PMID: 27365042 PMCID: PMC4986467 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20150013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular detection systems based on microfluidics are often called lab-on-chip systems. To fully benefit from the miniaturization resulting from microfluidics, one aims to develop 'from sample-to-answer' analytical systems, in which the input is a raw or minimally processed biological, food/feed or environmental sample and the output is a quantitative or qualitative assessment of one or more analytes of interest. In general, such systems will require the integration of several steps or operations to perform their function. This review will discuss these stages of operation, including fluidic handling, which assures that the desired fluid arrives at a specific location at the right time and under the appropriate flow conditions; molecular recognition, which allows the capture of specific analytes at precise locations on the chip; transduction of the molecular recognition event into a measurable signal; sample preparation upstream from analyte capture; and signal amplification procedures to increase sensitivity. Seamless integration of the different stages is required to achieve a point-of-care/point-of-use lab-on-chip device that allows analyte detection at the relevant sensitivity ranges, with a competitive analysis time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Tiago S Fernandes
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Novo
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Geraud Moulas
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas E Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
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229
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Kumar M, Ghosh S, Nayak S, Das A. Recent advances in biosensor based diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:497-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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230
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Menti C, Henriques JAP, Missell FP, Roesch-Ely M. Antibody-based magneto-elastic biosensors: potential devices for detection of pathogens and associated toxins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6149-6163. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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231
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Lee JS, Song J, Kim SO, Kim S, Lee W, Jackman JA, Kim D, Cho NJ, Lee J. Multifunctional hydrogel nano-probes for atomic force microscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11566. [PMID: 27199165 PMCID: PMC4876479 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM) three decades ago, there have been numerous advances in its measurement capabilities. Curiously, throughout these developments, the fundamental nature of the force-sensing probe—the key actuating element—has remained largely unchanged. It is produced by long-established microfabrication etching strategies and typically composed of silicon-based materials. Here, we report a new class of photopolymerizable hydrogel nano-probes that are produced by bottom-up fabrication with compressible replica moulding. The hydrogel probes demonstrate excellent capabilities for AFM imaging and force measurement applications while enabling programmable, multifunctional capabilities based on compositionally adjustable mechanical properties and facile encapsulation of various nanomaterials. Taken together, the simple, fast and affordable manufacturing route and multifunctional capabilities of hydrogel AFM nano-probes highlight the potential of soft matter mechanical transducers in nanotechnology applications. The fabrication scheme can also be readily utilized to prepare hydrogel cantilevers, including in parallel arrays, for nanomechanical sensor devices. Atomic force microscopy typically employs hard tips to map the surface topology of a sample, with sub-nanometre resolution. Here, the authors instead develop softer hydrogel probes, which show potential for multifunctional measurement capabilities beyond that of conventional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Jungki Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Seong Oh Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Seokbeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Wooju Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea
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232
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Xu P, Yu H, Li X. Microgravimetric Analysis Method for Activation-Energy Extraction from Trace-Amount Molecule Adsorption. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4903-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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233
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Zhang NH, Wu JZ, Meng WL, Tan ZQ. Effect of surface charge state on the surface stress of a microcantilever. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:144001. [PMID: 26916422 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/14/144001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge state at a liquid-solid interface is important to the variations in the physical/chemical properties of adsorbate film such as surface stress and the ensuing tip deflection of the microcantilever. The well-known Stoney's equation, derived more than 100 years ago, conceals the film electrical properties with the replacement of substrate deformation induced by adsorptions of particles. This implicit expression provides a shortcut to circumvent the difficulty in identifying some film properties, however, it limits the capacity to ascertain the relation between surface stress variation and the surface charge state. In this paper, we present an analytical expression to quantify the cantilever deflection/surface stress and the film potential difference by combining the piezoelectric theory and Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrolyte solution. This updated version indicates that the two linear correlations between surface stress and surface charge density or the bias voltage are not contradictory, but two aspects of one thing under different conditions. Based on Parsegian's mesoscopic interaction potential, a multiscale prediction for the piezoelectric coefficient of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) film is done, and the results show that the distinctive size effect with variations in salt concentration and nucleotide number provides us with an opportunity to obtain a more sensitive potential-actuated microcantilever sensor by careful control of packing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China. Department of Mechanics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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234
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Contera S. Designer cantilevers for even more accurate quantitative measurements of biological systems with multifrequency AFM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:132501. [PMID: 26901640 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/13/132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifrequency excitation/monitoring of cantilevers has made it possible both to achieve fast, relatively simple, nanometre-resolution quantitative mapping of mechanical of biological systems in solution using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and single molecule resolution detection by nanomechanical biosensors. A recent paper by Penedo et al [2015 Nanotechnology 26 485706] has made a significant contribution by developing simple methods to improve the signal to noise ratio in liquid environments, by selectively enhancing cantilever modes, which will lead to even more accurate quantitative measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Contera
- Oxford Martin Programme on Nanotechnology, Clarendon Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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235
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Vigneshvar S, Sudhakumari CC, Senthilkumaran B, Prakash H. Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Potential Applications - An Overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:11. [PMID: 26909346 PMCID: PMC4754454 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Imperative utilization of biosensors has acquired paramount importance in the field of drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety standards, defense, security, and environmental monitoring. This has led to the invention of precise and powerful analytical tools using biological sensing element as biosensor. Glucometers utilizing the strategy of electrochemical detection of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide using immobilized glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery of biosensors. Recent advances in biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescence tag to nanomaterials have increased the sensitive limit of biosensors. Use of aptamers or nucleotides, affibodies, peptide arrays, and molecule imprinted polymers provide tools to develop innovative biosensors over classical methods. Integrated approaches provided a better perspective for developing specific and sensitive biosensors with high regenerative potentials. Various biosensors ranging from nanomaterials, polymers to microbes have wider potential applications. It is quite important to integrate multifaceted approaches to design biosensors that have the potential for diverse usage. In light of this, this review provides an overview of different types of biosensors being used ranging from electrochemical, fluorescence tagged, nanomaterials, silica or quartz, and microbes for various biomedical and environmental applications with future outlook of biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C C Sudhakumari
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
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236
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Lafleur JP, Jönsson A, Senkbeil S, Kutter JP. Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:213-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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237
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Abstract
High-resolution optical microscopy has traditionally relied on high-magnification and high-numerical aperture objective lenses. In contrast, lensless microscopy can provide high-resolution images without the use of any focusing lenses, offering the advantages of a large field of view, high resolution, cost-effectiveness, portability, and depth-resolved three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Here we review various approaches to lensless imaging, as well as its applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and cytometry. These approaches include shadow imaging, fluorescence, holography, superresolution 3D imaging, iterative phase recovery, and color imaging. These approaches share a reliance on computational techniques, which are typically necessary to reconstruct meaningful images from the raw data captured by digital image sensors. When these approaches are combined with physical innovations in sample preparation and fabrication, lensless imaging can be used to image and sense cells, viruses, nanoparticles, and biomolecules. We conclude by discussing several ways in which lensless imaging and sensing might develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical Engineering.,Department of Bioengineering, and.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
| | - Euan McLeod
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
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238
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Bitaraf FS, Rasooli I, Mousavi Gargari SL. DNA aptamers for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b by cell SELEX. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:503-10. [PMID: 26768582 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) causes acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children, with a mortality rate of about 3-6 % of the affected patients. ABM can lead to death during a period of hours to several days and, hence, rapid and early detection of the infection is crucial. Aptamers, the short single-stranded DNA or RNA with high affinity to target molecules, are selected by a high-flux screening technique known as in vitro screening and systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology (SELEX). In this study, whole-cell SELEX was applied for the selection of target-specific aptamers with high affinity to Hib. ssDNA aptamers prepared by lambda exonuclease were incubated with the target cells (Hib). The aptameric binding rate to Hib was characterized for binding affinity after seven SELEX rounds by flow cytometry. The aptamers with higher binding affinity were cloned. Four of 68 aptamer clones were selected for sequencing. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the high-affinity aptamer clones 45 and 63 were 47.10 and 28.46 pM, respectively. These aptamers did not bind to other bacterial species, including the seven meningitis-causing bacteria. They showed distinct affinity to various H. influenzae strains only. These aptamers showed the highest affinity to Hib and the lowest affinity to H. influenzae type c and to other meningitis-causing bacteria. Clone 63 could detect Hib in patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples at 60 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The results indicate applicability of the aptamers for rapid and early detection of infections brought about by Hib.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Bitaraf
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - I Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran.
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S L Mousavi Gargari
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
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239
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Senveli SU, Ao Z, Rawal S, Datar RH, Cote RJ, Tigli O. A surface acoustic wave biosensor for interrogation of single tumour cells in microcavities. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:163-171. [PMID: 26599306 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biological cells are sensed and characterized with surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices utilising microcavities. After tumour cells in media are transported to and trapped in microcavities, the proposed platform uses SAW interaction between the substrate and the cells to extract their mechanical stiffness based on the ultrasound velocity. Finite element method (FEM) analysis and experimental results show that output phase information is an indicator of the stiffness modulus of the trapped cells. Small populations of various types of cells such as MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and JJ012 were characterized and characteristic moduli were estimated for each cell population. Results show that high frequency stiffness modulus is a possible biomarker for aggressiveness of the tumour and that microcavity coupled SAW devices are a good candidate for non-invasive interrogation of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru U Senveli
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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240
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Tzouvadaki I, Madaboosi N, Taurino I, Chu V, Conde JP, De Micheli G, Carrara S. Study on the bio-functionalization of memristive nanowires for optimum memristive biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2153-2162. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are emerging as promising building blocks for biosensors enabling direct electrical detection of various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tzouvadaki
- Integrated System Laboratory EPFL
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - N. Madaboosi
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon 1000-029
- Portugal
| | - I. Taurino
- Integrated System Laboratory EPFL
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - V. Chu
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon 1000-029
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Conde
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon 1000-029
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - G. De Micheli
- Integrated System Laboratory EPFL
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - S. Carrara
- Integrated System Laboratory EPFL
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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241
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Label-free detection of liver cancer cells by aptamer-based microcantilever biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:353-8. [PMID: 26735868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common and highly malignant cancers in the world. There are no effective therapeutic options if an early liver cancer diagnosis is not achieved. In this work, detection of HepG2 cells by label-free microcantilever array aptasensor was developed. The sensing microcantilevers were functionalized by HepG2 cells-specific aptamers. Meanwhile, to eliminate the interferences induced by the environment, the reference microcantilevers were modified with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol self-assembled monolayers. The aptasensor exhibits high specificity over not only human liver normal cells, but also other cancer cells of breast, bladder, and cervix tumors. The linear relation ranges from 1×10(3) to 1×10(5)cells/mL, with a detection limit of 300 cells/mL (S/N=3). Our work provides a simple method for detection of liver cancer cells with advantages in terms of simplicity and stability.
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242
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Salvati E, Stellacci F, Krol S. Nanosensors for early cancer detection and for therapeutic drug monitoring. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3495-512. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology for drug delivery in cancer therapy has raised high expectations. Additionally, the use of nanomaterials in sensors to extract and detect tumor specific biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, or extracellular vesicles shed by the tumor holds the promise to detect cancer much earlier and hence improve long-term survival of the patients. Moreover, the monitoring of the anticancer drug concentration, which has a narrow therapeutic window, will allow for a personalized dosing of the drug and will lead to improved therapeutic outcome and life quality of the patient. This review will provide an overview on the use of nanosensors for the early diagnosis of cancer and for the therapeutic drug monitoring, giving some examples. We envision nanosensors to make significant improvements in the cancer management as easy-to-use point-of-care devices for a broad population of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Salvati
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, CH–1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Fondazione IRCCS Institute of Neurology Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Institute of Neurology Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
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243
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Label-free cytokine micro- and nano-biosensing towards personalized medicine of systemic inflammatory disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:90-103. [PMID: 26408791 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders resulting from infection, trauma, surgery, and severe disease conditions pose serious threats to human health leading to organ dysfunction, organ failure, and mortality. The highly complex and dynamic nature of the immune system experiencing acute inflammation makes immunomodulatory therapy blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines very challenging. Successful therapy requires the ability to determine appropriate anti-cytokine drugs to be delivered at a right dose in a timely manner. Label-free micro- and nano-biosensors hold the potential to overcome the current challenges, enabling cytokine-targeted treatments to be tailored according to the immune status of an individual host with their unique cytokine biomarker detection capabilities. This review studies the recent progress in label-free cytokine biosensors, summarizes their performances and potential merits, and discusses future directions for their advancements to meet challenges towards personalized anti-cytokine drug delivery.
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244
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Hong B, Sun A, Pang L, Venkatesh AG, Hall D, Fainman Y. Integration of Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy into a scalable surface plasmon biosensor for in tandem detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30237-30249. [PMID: 26698504 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated label-free biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (f-EIS) sensing modalities, for the simultaneous detection of biological analytes. Analyte detection is based on the angular spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance and the extraction of charge transfer resistance values from reduction-oxidation reactions at the gold surface, as responses to functionalized surface binding events. To collocate the measurement areas and fully integrate the modalities, holographically exposed thin-film gold SPR-transducer gratings are patterned into coplanar electrodes for tandem impedance sensing. Mutual non-interference between plasmonic and electrochemical measurement processes is shown, and using our scalable and compact detection system, we experimentally demonstrate biotinylated surface capture of neutravidin concentrations as low as 10 nM detection, with a 5.5 nM limit of detection.
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245
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Abazari AM, Safavi SM, Rezazadeh G, Villanueva LG. Modelling the Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Micro/Nano Structures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:28543-62. [PMID: 26569256 PMCID: PMC4701295 DOI: 10.3390/s151128543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on micro- and nano-mechanical systems (M/NEMS) have shown that their behavior under bending loads departs in many cases from the classical predictions using Euler-Bernoulli theory and Hooke's law. This anomalous response has usually been seen as a dependence of the material properties on the size of the structure, in particular thickness. A theoretical model that allows for quantitative understanding and prediction of this size effect is important for the design of M/NEMS. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the five theories that can be found in the literature: Grain Boundary Theory (GBT), Surface Stress Theory (SST), Residual Stress Theory (RST), Couple Stress Theory (CST) and Surface Elasticity Theory (SET). By comparing these theories with experimental data we propose a simplified model combination of CST and SET that properly fits all considered cases, therefore delivering a simple (two parameters) model that can be used to predict the mechanical properties at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Musa Abazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
- Advanced NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Safavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ghader Rezazadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 57561-51818, Iran.
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Advanced NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
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246
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He J, Boegli M, Bruzas I, Lum W, Sagle L. Patterned Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays for Microfluidic and Multiplexed Biological Assays. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11407-14. [PMID: 26494412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 301 West
Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Michelle Boegli
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 301 West
Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ian Bruzas
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 301 West
Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - William Lum
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 301 West
Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Laura Sagle
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 301 West
Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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247
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Okamoto H, Watanabe T, Ohta R, Onomitsu K, Gotoh H, Sogawa T, Yamaguchi H. Cavity-less on-chip optomechanics using excitonic transitions in semiconductor heterostructures. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8478. [PMID: 26477487 PMCID: PMC4634130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybridization of semiconductor optoelectronic devices and nanomechanical resonators provides a new class of optomechanical systems in which mechanical motion can be coupled to light without any optical cavities. Such cavity-less optomechanical systems interconnect photons, phonons and electrons (holes) in a highly integrable platform, opening up the development of functional integrated nanomechanical devices. Here we report on a semiconductor modulation-doped heterostructure–cantilever hybrid system, which realizes efficient cavity-less optomechanical transduction through excitons. The opto-piezoelectric backaction from the bound electron–hole pairs enables us to probe excitonic transition simply with a sub-nanowatt power of light, realizing high-sensitivity optomechanical spectroscopy. Detuning the photon energy from the exciton resonance results in self-feedback cooling and amplification of the thermomechanical motion. This cavity-less on-chip coupling enables highly tunable and addressable control of nanomechanical resonators, allowing high-speed programmable manipulation of nanomechanical devices and sensor arrays. Integrated optomechanical systems can be created by combining semiconductor optoelectronic devices and nanoscale resonators. Here, the authors demonstrate a semiconductor modulation-doped heterostructure-cantilever that achieves efficient optomechanical transduction without the need for an optical cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Okamoto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan.,Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohta
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Koji Onomitsu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hideki Gotoh
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuomi Sogawa
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan.,Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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248
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Tunable micro- and nanomechanical resonators. SENSORS 2015; 15:26478-566. [PMID: 26501294 PMCID: PMC4634492 DOI: 10.3390/s151026478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in micro- and nanofabrication technologies have enabled the development of novel micro- and nanomechanical resonators which have attracted significant attention due to their fascinating physical properties and growing potential applications. In this review, we have presented a brief overview of the resonance behavior and frequency tuning principles by varying either the mass or the stiffness of resonators. The progress in micro- and nanomechanical resonators using the tuning electrode, tuning fork, and suspended channel structures and made of graphene have been reviewed. We have also highlighted some major influencing factors such as large-amplitude effect, surface effect and fluid effect on the performances of resonators. More specifically, we have addressed the effects of axial stress/strain, residual surface stress and adsorption-induced surface stress on the sensing and detection applications and discussed the current challenges. We have significantly focused on the active and passive frequency tuning methods and techniques for micro- and nanomechanical resonator applications. On one hand, we have comprehensively evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy, including active methods such as electrothermal, electrostatic, piezoelectrical, dielectric, magnetomotive, photothermal, mode-coupling as well as tension-based tuning mechanisms, and passive techniques such as post-fabrication and post-packaging tuning processes. On the other hand, the tuning capability and challenges to integrate reliable and customizable frequency tuning methods have been addressed. We have additionally concluded with a discussion of important future directions for further tunable micro- and nanomechanical resonators.
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249
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Finetti C, Plavisch L, Chiari M. Use of quantum dots as mass and fluorescence labels in microarray biosensing. Talanta 2015; 147:397-401. [PMID: 26592624 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of a Quantum Dot (QD) mass label strategy to enhance sensitivity in an interferometric technique called interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS). This biomass detection platform confers the advantage of absolute mass quantification and lower cost, easily implementable equipment. We discuss the advantages of this label when used in parallel with fluorescence detection. QDs represent a unique opportunity to improve sensitivity in both mass-label detection methods due to their large detectable mass, as well as in fluorescence detection, as they fluoresce without quenching. Streptavidin-conjugated QDs (SA-QDs) have been investigated as such a dual-role probe because of their large shape and mass, their 655nm emission peak for fluorescent detection platforms, and their robust insensitivity to photobleaching and quenching. In particular we explored their dual role in a microarrays immunoassay designed to detect antibodies against β-lactoglobulin, a common milk allergen. The SA-QDs formed a large detectable monolayer of 6.2ng/mm(2) in the saturation conditions, a mass signal corroborated by previous studies by Platt et al..
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Finetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lauren Plavisch
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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250
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Etayash H, Jiang K, Azmi S, Thundat T, Kaur K. Real-time Detection of Breast Cancer Cells Using Peptide-functionalized Microcantilever Arrays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13967. [PMID: 26434765 PMCID: PMC4593050 DOI: 10.1038/srep13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-directed targeting and capturing of cancer cells is a new approach for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Ligands such as antibodies have been successfully used for capturing cancer cells and an antibody based system (CellSearch(®)) is currently used clinically to enumerate CTCs. Here we report the use of a peptide moiety in conjunction with a microcantilever array system to selectively detect CTCs resulting from cancer, specifically breast cancer. A sensing microcantilever, functionalized with a breast cancer specific peptide 18-4 (WxEAAYQrFL), showed significant deflection on cancer cell (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) binding compared to when exposed to noncancerous (MCF10A and HUVEC) cells. The peptide-functionalized microcantilever allowed efficient capture and detection of cancer cells in MCF7 spiked human blood samples emulating CTCs in human blood. A detection limit of 50-100 cancer cells mL(-1) from blood samples was achieved with a capture yield of 80% from spiked whole blood samples. The results emphasize the potential of peptide 18-4 as a novel peptide for capturing and detecting cancer cells in conjunction with nanomechanical cantilever platform. The reported peptide-based cantilever platform represents a new analytical approach that can lead to an alternative to the various detection platforms and can be leveraged to further study CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Etayash
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Keren Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA
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