201
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Prša P, Karademir B, Biçim G, Mahmoud H, Dahan I, Yalçın AS, Mahajna J, Milisav I. The potential use of natural products to negate hepatic, renal and neuronal toxicity induced by cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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202
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Singh H, Kinarivala N, Sharma S. Multi-Targeting Anticancer Agents: Rational Approaches, Synthetic Routes and Structure Activity Relationship. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:842-874. [PMID: 30657048 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190118120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We live in a world with complex diseases such as cancer which cannot be cured with one-compound one-target based therapeutic paradigm. This could be due to the involvement of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. One-compound-various-targets stratagem has become a prevailing research topic in anti-cancer drug discovery. The simultaneous interruption of two or more targets has improved the therapeutic efficacy as compared to the specific targeted based therapy. In this review, six types of dual targeting agents along with some interesting strategies used for their design and synthesis are discussed. Their pharmacology with various types of the molecular interactions within their specific targets has also been described. This assemblage will reveal the recent trends and insights in front of the scientific community working in dual inhibitors and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeted anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India.,Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
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203
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Guo W, Sun S, Guo L, Song P, Xue X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Wang Z, Qiu B, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao Y, Gao S, He J. Elevated TOP2A and UBE2C expressions correlate with poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma: a study based on immunohistochemical analysis and bioinformatics. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:821-841. [PMID: 32103339 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality among all cancer types. Reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify high-risk patients apart from TNM system for precision medicine. The present study is designed to identify robust prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on integration of multiple GEO datasets, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database. METHODS Four LUAD GEO datasets (GSE10072, GSE2514, GSE43458, and GSE32863) and TCGA database were implemented to analyze the differently expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology, KEGG pathway, and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were conducted based on the above DEGs. Hub genes were selected based on connectivity degree in the PPI network. Expression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were conducted in CPTAC lung adenocarcinomas cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed on these hub genes using TCGA and our own cohort. RESULTS A total of 430 shared genes in all five datasets were identified as DEGs. Based on their PPI network, nine hub genes were selected and all of them were significantly associated with overall survival using GEPIA analysis. Two hub genes, TOP2A and UBE2C, were further combined and showed poorer prognosis in both TCGA dataset and our validated cohort. Analysis in CPTAC revealed that TOP2A and UBE2C were significantly highly expressed in tumor sample. Multivariable analysis suggested TOP2A and UBE2C as independent prognostic factors in LUAD. CONCLUSION Using data mining approach, we identified TOP2A and UBE2C as two robust prognostic factors in LUAD. We also demonstrated the TOP2A/UBE2C co-expression status in LUAD, and TOP2A/UBE2C co-expression correlated with poorer prognosis. More in-depth research is needed for transforming this result into clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuannanli No. 17, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, The People's Republic of China.
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204
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Sciascia N, Wu W, Zong D, Sun Y, Wong N, John S, Wangsa D, Ried T, Bunting SF, Pommier Y, Nussenzweig A. Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity. eLife 2020; 9:e53447. [PMID: 32057297 PMCID: PMC7089766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sciascia
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington UniversityWashingtonUnited States
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Dali Zong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nancy Wong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sam John
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Samuel F Bunting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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205
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Endogenous topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks drive thymic cancer predisposition linked to ATM deficiency. Nat Commun 2020; 11:910. [PMID: 32060399 PMCID: PMC7021672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATM kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) and a well-established tumour suppressor whose loss is the cause of the neurodegenerative and cancer-prone syndrome Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T). A-T patients and Atm−/− mouse models are particularly predisposed to develop lymphoid cancers derived from deficient repair of RAG-induced DSBs during V(D)J recombination. Here, we unexpectedly find that specifically disturbing the repair of DSBs produced by DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) by genetically removing the highly specialised repair enzyme TDP2 increases the incidence of thymic tumours in Atm−/− mice. Furthermore, we find that TOP2 strongly colocalizes with RAG, both genome-wide and at V(D)J recombination sites, resulting in an increased endogenous chromosomal fragility of these regions. Thus, our findings demonstrate a strong causal relationship between endogenous TOP2-induced DSBs and cancer development, confirming these lesions as major drivers of ATM-deficient lymphoid malignancies, and potentially other conditions and cancer types. The ATM kinase is a key regulator of the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) and its homozygous loss in patients predisposes to lymphoid malignancies. Here, the authors develop a Tdp2−/−Atm−/− double-deficient mouse model to uncover topoisomerase II-induced DSBs as significant drivers of the genomic rearrangements that underpin these tumours.
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206
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Liu L, Chen A, Chen S, Song W, Yao Q, Wang P, Zhou S. CCNB2, NUSAP1 and TK1 are associated with the prognosis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, as revealed by co-expression analysis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2679-2689. [PMID: 32256749 PMCID: PMC7086186 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third highest among all digestive system tumors. However, the causes of HCC development and the underlying mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. In the present bioinformatics study, genetic markers were identified and their association with HCC was determined. The mRNA expression datasets GSE87630, GSE74656 and GSE76427 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the 3 GEO datasets, including 25 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes. DEGs were uploaded to the database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to screen for enriched Gene Ontology terms in various categories and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins was used to identify the interactions and functions of the DEGs. A total of 3 genetic markers were identified in a stepwise pathway and functional analysis in a previous study. The association of the genetic markers with prognosis was analysed using the UALCAN online analysis tool. Regression analysis was also performed to identify the relationship between HCC grade and disease recurrence and the expression of genetic markers using The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC dataset. In addition, the expression of the 3 genetic markers in HCC tissues was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, the Oncomine database and the Human Protein Atlas database. The expression levels of the 3 genetic markers cyclin B2 (CCNB2), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) were significantly correlated with each other and high mRNA expression of CCNB2 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of patients with HCC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that NUSAP1 and TK1 were capable of distinguishing between recurrent and non-recurrent HCC. Furthermore, CCNB2, NUSAP1 and TK1 were highly correlated with the HCC grade. It was also indicated that the mRNA expression of CCNB2, NUSAPA and TK1 was increased in primary HCC tissues when compared with that in adjacent tissues. The present study identified that the CCNB2, NUSAP1 and TK1 genes may serve as prognostic markers for HCC, and may be of value from the perspectives of basic research and clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Anning Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qingmei Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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207
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Oster S, Aqeilan RI. Mapping the breakome reveals tight regulation on oncogenic super-enhancers. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1698933. [PMID: 32391416 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1698933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) could be deleterious and lead to age-related diseases, such as cancer. Recent evidence, however, associates DSBs with vital cellular processes. As discussed here, genome-wide mapping of DSBs revealed an unforeseen coupling mechanism between transcription and DNA repair at super-enhancers, as means of hypertranscription of oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oster
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology; Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology; Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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208
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Kou F, Sun H, Wu L, Li B, Zhang B, Wang X, Yang L. TOP2A Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells' Malignant Progression and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:2496-2508. [PMID: 32201520 PMCID: PMC7066024 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Topoisomerase IIA (TOP2A) gene encodes DNA topoisomerase enzyme and has been reported that TOP2A is broadly expressed in many types of cancers. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic effect of TOP2A on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the potential molecular mechanism of TOP2A to tumorigenesis. Methods: Bioinformatical analysis, real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to explore the expression level of TOP2A. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the effect of TOP2A on patients' prognosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability were examined by colony-formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Results: We firstly investigated differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues of GEO (tumor = 666, normal = 184) and TCGA (tumor = 517, normal = 59) and these data showed that TOP2A is broadly expressed in LUAD and the expression level of TOP2A is associated with poor prognosis, which indicated that TOP2A is an upregulated prognostic related gene in LUAD. Then we identified that the expression level of TOP2A was upregulated in both surgically removed lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines. Knockdown of TOP2A in A549 and GLC82 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Inhibition of TOP2A reduced the expression levels of CCNB1 and CCNB2, which indicated that TOP2A targeting CCNB1 and CCNB2 promotes GLC82 and A549 cells proliferation and metastasis. Conclusions: Our study revealed an important role of TOP2A in LUAD, and may provide a potential prognostic indicator and target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Kou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Houfang Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Baihui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bailu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuezhou Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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209
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SCF β-TrCP-mediated degradation of TOP2β promotes cancer cell survival in response to chemotherapeutic drugs targeting topoisomerase II. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:8. [PMID: 32015321 PMCID: PMC6997367 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2)-targeting anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs, termed TOP2 poisons, are widely used and effective in the clinic by stabilizing TOP2-DNA covalent complexes to induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and ultimately, cause cell death. The stabilized TOP2-DNA complex is known to be degraded by proteasome, whereas the underlying mechanism for instant TOP2β degradation in response to TOP2 poisons and the subsequent biological consequence remain elusive. Here, we reported that TOP2 poison-induced TOP2β degradation is mediated by SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase. Specifically, DNA damage signal, triggered by teniposide (VM-26) treatment, activates ATM, cooperating with CK1 to phosphorylate TOP2β on Ser1134 and Ser1130, respectively, in a canonical degron motif to facilitate β-TrCP binding and subsequent degradation. Inactivation of ATM, CK1 or SCFβ-TrCP by small molecular inhibitors or genetic knockdown/knockout abrogates TOP2β degradation. Biologically, blockage of TOP2β degradation in combination with VM-26 treatment impairs DNA damage response and repair, leading to an accelerated cell death via apoptosis. Thus, it appears that TOP2β degradation is a cellular defensive mechanism to facilitate the exposure of DSBs to trigger DNA damage response and repair. Collectively, our findings reveal a new strategy to improve the efficacy of TOP2 poisons in combination with small-molecule inhibitors against TOP2β degradation.
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210
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Dual-target kinase drug design: Current strategies and future directions in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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211
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Sinha BK. Role of Oxygen and Nitrogen Radicals in the Mechanism of Anticancer Drug Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCE & THERAPY 2020; 12:10-18. [PMID: 32494339 PMCID: PMC7269165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, successful treatments of human malignancies have been difficult to achieve in the clinic. In spite of various approaches to overcome multi drug resistance, it has remained challenging and elusive. It is, therefore, necessary to define and understand the mechanisms of drug-induced tumor cell killing for the future development of anticancer agents and for rationally designed combination chemotherapies. The clinically active antitumor drugs, topotecan, doxorubicin, etoposide, and procarbazine are currently used for the treatment of human tumors. Therefore, a great deal research has been carried to understand mechanisms of actions of these agents both in the laboratory and in the clinic. These drugs are also extensively metabolized in tumor cells to various reactive species and generate oxygen free radical species (ROS) that initiate lipid peroxidation and induce DNA damage. However, the roles of ROS in the mechanism of cytotoxicity remain unappreciated in the clinic. In addition to ROS, various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also formed in tumor cells and in vivo. However, the importance of RNS in cancer treatment is not clear and has remained poorly defined. This review discusses the current understanding of the formation and the significance of ROS and RNS in the mechanisms of various clinically active anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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212
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Hekal MH, El-Naggar AM, Abu El-Azm FSM, El-Sayed WM. Synthesis of new oxadiazol-phthalazinone derivatives with anti-proliferative activity; molecular docking, pro-apoptotic, and enzyme inhibition profile. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3675-3688. [PMID: 35492649 PMCID: PMC9048702 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: The current study reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of two novel series of 4-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives. Methods: The synthetic reactions were carried out under both conventional and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The anti-proliferative activity of the newly synthesized compounds against two human epithelial cell lines; liver (HepG2) and breast (MCF-7) in addition to normal fibroblasts (WI-38) was investigated. In addition to molecular docking studies, the possible mechanism(s) of action were also explored. Results: In general, an improvement in synthetic rates and yields was observed when reactions were carried out under sonication compared with classical conditions. The structures of the products were established based on analytical and spectral data. Derivatives 2e and 7d, in addition to compound 1, had significant and selective anti-proliferative activity against liver and breast cancer cell lines without harming normal fibroblasts. These derivatives arrested the cell cycle progression and/or induced apoptosis. This has been manifested by the elevation in the expression of p53 and caspase 3, down-regulation of cdk1, and a reduction in the concentrations of MAPK and Topo II at submicromolar concentrations. The latter results confirmed the molecular docking study. Conclusions: Compound 1 had the best profile on the gene and protein levels (arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis). The ability of compounds 1 and 2e to inhibit both MAPK and Topo II nominates these derivatives as potential candidates for further anticancer and antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hekal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Abeer M El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Abu El-Azm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +202/2684-2123 +202/2482-1633
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213
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Gianchecchi E, Fierabracci A. Insights on the Effects of Resveratrol and Some of Its Derivatives in Cancer and Autoimmunity: A Molecule with a Dual Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020091. [PMID: 31978952 PMCID: PMC7070243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in natural compounds exerting immunoregulatory effects has enormously increased. Among these, the polyphenol resveratrol, found in a variety of foods and beverages, including red grapes and red wine, has been demonstrated to exert both in vitro and in vivo biological activities. More specifically, it has antiaging, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities. Due to its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and immunoregulatory effects, resveratrol has gained substantial attention for the treatment of cancer or autoimmunity, which represent frequently diagnosed diseases with important consequences for the health of the patients affected. The aim of the present review is to focus on the role of resveratrol in the modulation of cancer as well as of several organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- VisMederi srl, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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214
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Szlachta K, Raimer HM, Comeau LD, Wang YH. CNCC: an analysis tool to determine genome-wide DNA break end structure at single-nucleotide resolution. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:25. [PMID: 31914926 PMCID: PMC6950916 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are potentially deleterious events in a cell. The end structures (blunt, 3′- and 5′-overhangs) at DSB sites contribute to the fate of their repair and provide critical information concerning the consequences of the damage. Therefore, there has been a recent eruption of DNA break mapping and sequencing methods that aim to map at single-nucleotide resolution where breaks are generated genome-wide. These methods provide high resolution data for the location of DSBs, which can encode the type of end-structure present at these breaks. However, genome-wide analysis of the resulting end structures has not been investigated following these sequencing methods. Results To address this analysis gap, we develop the use of a coverage-normalized cross correlation analysis (CNCC) to process the high-precision genome-wide break mapping data, and determine genome-wide break end structure distributions at single-nucleotide resolution. We take advantage of the single-nucleotide position and the knowledge of strandness from every mapped break to analyze the relative shifts between positive and negative strand encoded break nucleotides. By applying CNCC we can identify the most abundant end structures captured by a break mapping technique, and further can make comparisons between different samples and treatments. We validate our analysis with restriction enzyme digestions of genomic DNA and establish the sensitivity of the analysis using end structures that only exist as a minor fraction of total breaks. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of our analysis by applying CNCC to the breaks resulting after treatment with etoposide and study the variety of resulting end structures. Conclusion For the first time, on a genome-wide scale, our analysis revealed the increase in the 5′ to 3′ end resection following etoposide treatment, and the global progression of the resection. Furthermore, our method distinguished the change in the pattern of DSB end structure with increasing doses of the drug. The ability of this method to determine DNA break end structures without a priori knowledge of break sequences or genomic position should have broad applications in understanding genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szlachta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903-0733, USA
| | - Heather M Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903-0733, USA
| | - Laurey D Comeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903-0733, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903-0733, USA.
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215
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Sakurai R, Kaira K, Miura Y, Sunaga N, Saito R, Oyama T, Hisada T, Yamada M. Clinical significance of topoisomerase-II expression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with amrubicin. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:426-435. [PMID: 31901017 PMCID: PMC6997014 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amrubicin chemotherapy is a treatment option for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after third‐line treatment in Japan. Although topoisomerase‐II (Topo‐II), a target of amrubicin, has been reported to be a prognostic or predictive marker for chemosensitivity and clinical outcomes in various types of malignancies, its effects in the Japanese population remain unknown. Methods Data regarding 44 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with amrubicin between April 2004 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the expression levels of Topo‐II by immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens obtained via biopsy or surgical resection. Results The majority of enrolled patients were men (68%) with a median age of 67 (range, 43–78) years. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (70%). High Topo‐II expression was observed in 13 (30%) of the 44 patients. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) durations were 1.8 and 8.8 months, respectively. While there was no significant association between Topo‐II expression and progression‐free survival, patients with low Topo‐II expression had significantly longer OS than did those with high Topo‐II expression. Good performance status and low expression of Topo‐II were all significantly associated with a favorable OS. Conclusion Low expression of Topo‐II was identified as an independent prognostic factor for longer survival in patients with NSCLC receiving amrubicin, a Topo‐II inhibitor. Key points
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miura
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryusei Saito
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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216
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Gibson EG, Oviatt AA, Osheroff N. Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis to Resolve DNA Topoisomers. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2119:15-24. [PMID: 31989511 PMCID: PMC7012906 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0323-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the most straightforward techniques that can be used to differentiate between topoisomers of closed circular DNA molecules. Generally, the products of reactions that monitor the interconversion of DNA between negatively supercoiled and relaxed DNA or positively supercoiled and relaxed DNA can be resolved by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. However, in more complex reactions that contain both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA, one-dimensional resolution is insufficient. In these cases, a second dimension of gel electrophoresis is necessary. This chapter describes the technique of two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and how it can be used to resolve a spectrum of DNA topoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alexandria A. Oviatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States,,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States,,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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217
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Riccio AA, Schellenberg MJ, Williams RS. Molecular mechanisms of topoisomerase 2 DNA-protein crosslink resolution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:81-91. [PMID: 31728578 PMCID: PMC6960353 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The compaction of DNA and the continuous action of DNA transactions, including transcription and DNA replication, create complex DNA topologies that require Type IIA Topoisomerases, which resolve DNA topological strain and control genome dynamics. The human TOP2 enzymes catalyze their reactions via formation of a reversible covalent enzyme DNA-protein crosslink, the TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). Spurious interactions of TOP2 with DNA damage, environmental toxicants and chemotherapeutic "poisons" perturbs the TOP2 reaction cycle, leading to an accumulation of DNA-protein crosslinks, and ultimately, genomic instability and cell death. Emerging evidence shows that TOP2-DNA protein crosslink (DPC) repair entails multiple strand break repair activities, such as removal of the poisoned TOP2 protein and rejoining of the DNA ends through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of TOP2-DPC resolution, with specific emphasis on the recently uncovered ZATTZnf451-licensed TDP2-catalyzed TOP2-DPC reversal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Riccio
- Department of Health and Human Services, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Schellenberg
- Department of Health and Human Services, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Scott Williams
- Department of Health and Human Services, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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218
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El-Metwally SA, Khalil AK, El-Sayed WM. Design, molecular modeling and anticancer evaluation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of topoisomerase II. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103492. [PMID: 31864673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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219
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Thiazole-containing compounds as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112016. [PMID: 31926469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in anticancer agents development, and several new anticancer agents of natural and synthetic origin have been produced. Among heterocyclic compounds, thiazole, a 5-membered unique heterocyclic motif containing sulphur and nitrogen atoms, serves as an essential core scaffold in several medicinally important compounds. Thiazole nucleus is a fundamental part of some clinically applied anticancer drugs, such as dasatinib, dabrafenib, ixabepilone, patellamide A, and epothilone. Recently, thiazole-containing compounds have been successfully developed as possible inhibitors of several biological targets, including enzyme-linked receptor(s) located on the cell membrane, (i.e., polymerase inhibitors) and the cell cycle (i.e., microtubular inhibitors). Moreover, these compounds have been proven to exhibit high effectiveness, potent anticancer activity, and less toxicity. This review presents current research on thiazoles and elucidates their biological importance in anticancer drug discovery. The findings may aid researchers in the rational design of more potent and bio-target specific anticancer drug molecules.
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220
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Pedatella S, Cerchia C, Manfra M, Cioce A, Bolognese A, Lavecchia A. Antitumor agents 7. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and molecular modeling of new l-lysine-conjugated pyridophenoxazinones as potent DNA-binding ligands and topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111960. [PMID: 31869654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of l-lysine-conjugated pyridophenoxazinones 2-5 and 2'-5' were designed and synthesized for developing compounds with multimodal anticancer potentialities. All compounds inhibited the proliferation of a panel of human liquid and solid neoplastic cell lines. 2 and 5 were the most active compounds with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. UV-vis, 1H NMR, unwinding, and docking experiments demonstrated that they intercalate between the middle 5'-GC-3' base pairs with the carboxamide side chain lying into major groove. Charge-transfer contribution to the complex stability, evaluated by ab initio calculations, was found to correlate with cytotoxicity. Relaxation and cleavage assays showed that 2 and 5 selectively target Topo IIα over Topo IIβ and stimulate the formation of covalent Topo II-DNA complexes, functioning as poisons. Moreover, compound 5 induced DNA damage and arrested MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase. Altogether, the work provides interesting structure-activity relationships in the pyridophenoxazinone-l-lysine conjugate series and identifies 5 as a promising candidate for further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pedatella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 6, Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Anna Cioce
- Department of Glycotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adele Bolognese
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 6, Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Stanković T, Dinić J, Podolski-Renić A, Musso L, Burić SS, Dallavalle S, Pešić M. Dual Inhibitors as a New Challenge for Cancer Multidrug Resistance Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6074-6106. [PMID: 29874992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607094856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-targeting in cancer treatment by a single drug is an unconventional approach in relation to drug combinations. The rationale for the development of dualtargeting agents is to overcome incomplete efficacy and drug resistance frequently present when applying individual targeting agents. Consequently, -a more favorable outcome of cancer treatment is expected with dual-targeting strategies. METHODS We reviewed the literature, concentrating on the association between clinically relevant and/or novel dual inhibitors with the potential to modulate multidrug resistant phenotype of cancer cells, particularly the activity of P-glycoprotein. A balanced analysis of content was performed to emphasize the most important findings and optimize the structure of this review. RESULTS Two-hundred and forty-five papers were included in the review. The introductory part was interpreted by 9 papers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors' role in the inhibition of Pglycoprotein and chemosensitization was illustrated by 87 papers. The contribution of naturalbased compounds in overcoming multidrug resistance was reviewed using 92 papers, while specific dual inhibitors acting against microtubule assembling and/or topoisomerases were described with 55 papers. Eleven papers gave an insight into a novel and less explored approach with hybrid drugs. Their influence on P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance was also evaluated. CONCLUSION These findings bring into focus rational anticancer strategies with dual-targeting agents. Most evaluated synthetic and natural drugs showed a great potential in chemosensitization. Further steps in this direction are needed for the optimization of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Stanković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loana Musso
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonja Stojković Burić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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222
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Gómez-Herreros F. DNA Double Strand Breaks and Chromosomal Translocations Induced by DNA Topoisomerase II. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:141. [PMID: 31921889 PMCID: PMC6915882 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic lesions of those occurring in the DNA and can lead to cell death or result in genome mutagenesis and chromosomal translocations. Although most of these rearrangements have detrimental effects for cellular survival, single events can provide clonal advantage and result in abnormal cellular proliferation and cancer. The origin and the environment of the DNA break or the repair pathway are key factors that influence the frequency at which these events appear. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of chromosomal translocations remain unclear. DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes present in all cellular organisms with critical roles in DNA metabolism and that have been linked to the formation of deleterious DSBs for a long time. DSBs induced by the abortive activity of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) are “trending topic” because of their possible role in genome instability and oncogenesis. Furthermore, transcription associated TOP2 activity appears to be one of the most determining causes behind the formation of chromosomal translocations. In this review, the origin of recombinogenic TOP2 breaks and the determinants behind their tendency to translocate will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez-Herreros
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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223
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Varghese SS, Ghosh SK. Stress-responsive Entamoeba topoisomerase II: a potential antiamoebic target. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:1005-1020. [PMID: 31724164 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases, the ubiquitous enzymes involved in all DNA processes across the biological world, are targets for various anticancer and antimicrobial agents. In Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis, we found one of seven unexplored putative topoisomerases to be highly upregulated during heat shock and oxidative stress, and also during the late hours of encystation. Further analysis revealed the upregulated enzyme to be a eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase (TopoII) with demonstrable activity in vitro. This enzyme is localized to newly forming nuclei during encystation. Gene silencing of the TopoII reduces viability and encystation efficiency. Notable susceptibility of Entamoeba TopoII to prokaryotic topoisomerase inhibitors opens up the possibility for exploring this enzyme as a new antiamoebic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Susan Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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224
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Ongaro A, Ribaudo G, Zagotto G, Memo M, Gianoncelli A. Synthesis via A3 Coupling Reaction of Anthracene‐Propargylamine as a New Scaffold for the Interaction with DNA. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
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225
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Liu X, Tang Y, Liu N, Deng Y, Wang S, Liu T, Chen Y, Lu J. Topo I inhibition, DNA photocleavage, Molecular docking and cytotoxicities of two new phenanthroline‐based ruthenium complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Wen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Cai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ning‐Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
| | - Yuan‐Qing Deng
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
| | - Yuan‐Dao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
| | - Ji‐Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHunan University of Arts and Science ChangDe 415000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Pearson SJ, Elswood J, Barhoumi R, Ming-Whitfield B, Rijnkels M, Porter WW. Loss of SIM2s inhibits RAD51 binding and leads to unresolved replication stress. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:125. [PMID: 31775907 PMCID: PMC6882179 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in genes associated with homologous recombination (HR) increase an individual’s risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although known for their role in repairing dsDNA breaks, HR repair elements also stabilize and restart stalled replication forks. Essential to these functions are RAD51 and its paralogs, each of which has a unique role in preventing replication fork collapse and restart. However, progress toward understanding the regulation of these factors has been slow. With such a pivotal role in the maintenance of genomic integrity, furthering our understanding of this pathway through the discovery of new factors involved in HR is important. Recently, we showed that singleminded-2s (SIM2s) is stabilized in response to dsDNA breaks and is required for effective HR. Methods Initial analysis of the effect loss of SIM2s has on replication stress resolution was conducted using DNA combing assays in established breast cancer cell lines. Further analysis was conducted via immunostaining to determine the effect loss of SIM2s has on factor recruitment. In vivo confirmation was achieved through the use of a mammary epithelial cell conditional knockout mouse model before SIM2s’ role in RAD51 recruitment was determined by immunoblotting. Results Here, we show loss of SIM2s decreases replication fork stability, leading to fork collapse in response to genotoxic stress. Furthermore, loss of SIM2s results in aberrant separation of sister chromatids during mitosis, which has been previously shown to result in chromosomal fragmentation and aneuploidy. Interestingly, loss of SIM2s was shown to result in failure of RAD51 to localize to sites of replication stress in both breast cancer cell lines and primary mammary epithelial cells. Finally, we observed SIM2 is stabilized in response to genotoxic stress and interacts with RAD51, which is necessary for RAD51-DNA binding. Conclusions Together, these results show a role for SIM2s in the resolution of replication stress and further characterize the necessity of SIM2s for effective RAD51 loading in response to DNA damage or stress, ultimately promoting genomic integrity and thus preventing the accumulation of cancer-promoting mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Pearson
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jessica Elswood
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brittini Ming-Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Weston W Porter
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Present Address: Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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227
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Zhang M, Liang C, Chen Q, Yan H, Xu J, Zhao H, Yuan X, Liu J, Lin S, Lu W, Wang F. Histone H2A phosphorylation recruits topoisomerase IIα to centromeres to safeguard genomic stability. EMBO J 2019; 39:e101863. [PMID: 31769059 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mitosis requires the removal of catenation between sister chromatids. Timely decatenation of sister DNAs at mitotic centromeres by topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) is crucial to maintain genomic stability. The chromatin factors that recruit TOP2A to centromeres during mitosis remain unknown. Here, we show that histone H2A Thr-120 phosphorylation (H2ApT120), a modification generated by the mitotic kinase Bub1, is necessary and sufficient for the centromeric localization of TOP2A. Phosphorylation at residue-120 enhances histone H2A binding to TOP2A in vitro. The C-gate and the extreme C-terminal region are important for H2ApT120-dependent localization of TOP2A at centromeres. Preventing H2ApT120-mediated accumulation of TOP2A at mitotic centromeres interferes with sister chromatid disjunction, as evidenced by increased frequency of anaphase ultra-fine bridges (UFBs) that contain catenated DNA. Tethering TOP2A to centromeres bypasses the requirement for H2ApT120 in suppressing anaphase UFBs. These results demonstrate that H2ApT120 acts as a landmark that recruits TOP2A to mitotic centromeres to decatenate sister DNAs. Our study reveals a fundamental role for histone phosphorylation in resolving centromere DNA entanglements and safeguarding genomic stability during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cai Liang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shixian Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Key Research Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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228
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Reguera RM, Elmahallawy EK, García-Estrada C, Carbajo-Andrés R, Balaña-Fouce R. DNA Topoisomerases of Leishmania Parasites; Druggable Targets for Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5900-5923. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180518074959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases (Top) are a group of isomerase enzymes responsible for controlling the topological problems caused by DNA double helix in the cell during the processes of replication, transcription and recombination. Interestingly, these enzymes have been known since long to be key molecular machines in several cellular processes through overwinding or underwinding of DNA in all living organisms. Leishmania, a trypanosomatid parasite responsible for causing fatal diseases mostly in impoverished populations of low-income countries, has a set of six classes of Top enzymes. These are placed in the nucleus and the single mitochondrion and can be deadly targets of suitable drugs. Given the fact that there are clear differences in structure and expression between parasite and host enzymes, numerous studies have reported the therapeutic potential of Top inhibitors as antileishmanial drugs. In this regard, numerous compounds have been described as Top type IB and Top type II inhibitors in Leishmania parasites, such as camptothecin derivatives, indenoisoquinolines, indeno-1,5- naphthyridines, fluoroquinolones, anthracyclines and podophyllotoxins. The aim of this review is to highlight several facts about Top and Top inhibitors as potential antileishmanial drugs, which may represent a promising strategy for the control of this disease of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leon (ULE), Leon, Spain
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229
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Khadka J, Yadav NS, Guy M, Grafi G, Golan-Goldhirsh A. Epigenetic aspects of floral homeotic genes in relation to sexual dimorphism in the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6245-6259. [PMID: 31504768 PMCID: PMC6859717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, dioecy characterizes species that carry male and female flowers on separate plants and it occurs in about 6% of angiosperms; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie dioecy are essentially unknown. The ability for sex-reversal by hormone application raises the hypothesis that the genes required for the expression of both sexes are potentially functional but are regulated by epigenetic means. In this study, proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins isolated from flower buds of females, males, and feminized males of the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua revealed differential expression of nuclear proteins that are implicated in chromatin structure and function, including floral homeotic proteins. Focusing on floral genes, we found that class B genes were mainly expressed in male flowers, while class D genes, as well as SUPERMAN-like genes, were mainly expressed in female flowers. Cytokinin-induced feminization of male plants was associated with down-regulation of male-specific genes concomitantly with up-regulation of female-specific genes. No correlation was found between the expression of class B and D genes and the changes in DNA methylation or chromatin conformation of these genes. Thus, we could not confirm DNA methylation or chromatin conformation of floral genes to be the major determinant regulating sexual dimorphisms. Instead, determination of sex in M. annua might be controlled upstream of floral genes by one or more sex-specific factors that affect hormonal homeostasis. A comprehensive model is proposed for sex-determination in M. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan Khadka
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | | | - Micha Guy
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
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230
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Dehshahri A, Ashrafizadeh M, Ghasemipour Afshar E, Pardakhty A, Mandegary A, Mohammadinejad R, Sethi G. Topoisomerase inhibitors: Pharmacology and emerging nanoscale delivery systems. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104551. [PMID: 31743776 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase enzymes have shown unique roles in replication and transcription. These enzymes which were initially found in Escherichia coli have attracted considerable attention as target molecules for cancer therapy. Nowadays, there are several topoisomerase inhibitors in the market to treat or at least control the progression of cancer. However, significant toxicity, low solubility and poor pharmacokinetic properties have limited their wide application and these characteristics need to be improved. Nano-delivery systems have provided an opportunity to modify the intrinsic properties of molecules and also to transfer the toxic agent to the target tissues. These delivery systems leads to the re-introduction of existing molecules present in the market as novel therapeutic agents with different physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. This review focusses on a variety of nano-delivery vehicles used for the improvement of pharmacological properties of topoisomerase inhibitors and thus enabling their potential application as novel drugs in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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231
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Chen J, Chen Y, Zheng D, Pang P, Lu J, Zheng X. Pretreatment MR-Based Radiomics Signature as Potential Imaging Biomarker for Assessing the Expression of Topoisomerase II alpha (TOPO-IIα) in Rectal Cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1881-1889. [PMID: 31675149 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common cancers throughout the world. Chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy play an important role in the treatment of advanced RC. Whether to add topoisomerase inhibitor to individualized chemotherapy is a puzzling question for clinicians. PURPOSE To investigate whether pretreatment MR-based radiomics signature can assess the expression of topoisomerase II alpha (TOPO-IIα) in RC. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 122 patients with RC. Field Strength/Sequence: Pretreatment 3.0T; T2 WI turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. ASSESSMENT A training group (n = 85) and a test group (n = 37) with pathologically confirmed RC. Patients underwent TOPO-IIα expression. A total of 180 radiomics features were extracted from oblique axial T2 WI TSE images of the entire primary tumor. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to reduce the dimension of the data and select the features. STATISTICAL TESTS The assessment models were established by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The performance of the model was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, nomogram, and calibration. RESULTS The radiomics signature, which consisted of 10 selected optimal features, was significantly associated with TOPO-IIα expression (P < 0.01 for both training and test groups). The area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity, and the specificity for assessing TOPO-IIα expression, were 0.859, 0.872, and 0.739, respectively, in the training group, while they were 0.762, 0.941, and 0.600 in the test group. The nomogram model of the radiomics signature (Rad-score) had good calibration. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the calibration of the radiomics nomogram that was accompanied with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.52). DATA CONCLUSION The proposed pretreatment MR-based radiomics signature was associated with TOPO-IIα expression. A radiomics nomogram might be helpful in the individualized assessment of TOPO-IIα expression in patients with RC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1881-1889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dechun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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232
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Chen Z, Lin Y, Gao J, Lin S, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Chen SQ. Identification of key candidate genes for colorectal cancer by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6583-6593. [PMID: 31788116 PMCID: PMC6865583 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers of the digestive tract. Although numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the cause of CRC, the exact mechanism of CRC development remains to be determined. To identify candidate genes that may be involved in CRC development and progression, the microarray datasets GSE41657, GSE77953 and GSE113513 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and the hub genes were subjected to module analysis and identification using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape. A total of 142 DEGs were identified, with enriched functions and pathways in the ‘cell cycle’, ‘cell proliferation’, ‘the mitotic cell cycle’ and ‘one-carbon metabolic process’. In addition, 10 hub genes were identified, and functional analysis indicated that these genes are mainly enriched in ‘cell division’, ‘cell cycle’ and functions associated with nucleotide binding processes. Survival analysis demonstrated that DNA topoisomerase II α, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 may be involved in cancer invasion or recurrence. The DEGs identified in the present study may help explain the molecular mechanisms of CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Ji Gao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Suyong Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yisu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Shao Qin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
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233
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Atkin ND, Raimer HM, Wang YH. Broken by the Cut: A Journey into the Role of Topoisomerase II in DNA Fragility. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E791. [PMID: 31614754 PMCID: PMC6826763 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) plays a critical role in many processes such as replication and transcription, where it resolves DNA structures and relieves torsional stress. Recent evidence demonstrated the association of TOP2 with topologically associated domains (TAD) boundaries and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites. At these sites, TOP2 promotes interactions between enhancers and gene promoters, and relieves torsional stress that accumulates at these physical barriers. Interestingly, in executing its enzymatic function, TOP2 contributes to DNA fragility through re-ligation failure, which results in persistent DNA breaks when unrepaired or illegitimately repaired. Here, we discuss the biological processes for which TOP2 is required and the steps at which it can introduce DNA breaks. We describe the repair processes that follow removal of TOP2 adducts and the resultant broken DNA ends, and present how these processes can contribute to disease-associated mutations. Furthermore, we examine the involvement of TOP2-induced breaks in the formation of oncogenic translocations of leukemia and papillary thyroid cancer, as well as the role of TOP2 and proteins which repair TOP2 adducts in other diseases. The participation of TOP2 in generating persistent DNA breaks and leading to diseases such as cancer, could have an impact on disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Heather M Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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234
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Park S, Hwang SY, Shin J, Jo H, Na Y, Kwon Y. A chromenone analog as an ATP-competitive, DNA non-intercalative topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor with preferences toward the alpha isoform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12857-12860. [PMID: 31598611 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-7-(thiiran-2-ylmethoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (compound 52) was found as a DNA non-intercalative topo II specific catalytic inhibitor by targeting its ATP-binding domain. Showing changes in interaction with Mg2+, it exhibited highly selective properties against the α-isoform with less toxicity, unlike other topo II poisons, such as etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| | - Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| | - Jaeho Shin
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Korea.
| | - Hyunji Jo
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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235
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Skok Ž, Zidar N, Kikelj D, Ilaš J. Dual Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase II and Other Cancer-Related Targets. J Med Chem 2019; 63:884-904. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Skok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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236
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Keck JM, Conner JD, Wilson JT, Jiang X, Lisic EC, Deweese JE. Clarifying the Mechanism of Copper(II) α-(N)-Heterocyclic Thiosemicarbazone Complexes on DNA Topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2135-2143. [PMID: 31512855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II is a nuclear enzyme involved in the maintenance of DNA and is an effective anticancer drug target. However, several clinical topoisomerase II-targeted agents display significant off-target toxicities and adverse events. Thus, it is important to continue characterizing compounds with activity against topoisomerase II. We previously analyzed α-(N)-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone copper(II) complexes against human topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A), but humans also express topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B), which has distinct functional roles. Therefore, we examined two α-(N)-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone copper [Cu(II)] complexes for activity against TOP2B in a purified system. The Cu(II) complexes, Cu(APY-ETSC)Cl and Cu(BZP-ETSC)Cl, were examined using plasmid DNA cleavage, supercoiled DNA relaxation, enzyme inactivation, protein cross-linking, DNA ligation, and ATP hydrolysis assays with TOP2B to determine whether these compounds act similarly against both enzymes. Both of the Cu(II) thiosemicarbazone (Cu-TSC) complexes we tested disrupted the function of TOP2B in a way similar to the effect on TOP2A. In particular, TOP2B DNA cleavage activity is increased in the presence of these compounds, while the relaxation and ATPase activities are inhibited. Further, both Cu-TSCs stabilize the N-terminal DNA clamp of TOP2A and TOP2B and rapidly inactivate TOP2B when the compounds are present before DNA. Our data provide evidence that the Cu-TSC complexes we tested utilize a similar mechanism against both isoforms of the enzyme. This mechanism may involve interaction with the ATPase domain of TOP2A and TOP2B outside of the ATP binding pocket. Additionally, these data support a model of TOP2 function where the ATPase domain communicates with the DNA cleavage/ligation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Myles Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Nashville , Tennessee 37204-3951 , United States
| | - Jennifer D Conner
- Department of Chemistry , Tennessee Technological University , Cookeville , Tennessee 38505 , United States
| | - James T Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Nashville , Tennessee 37204-3951 , United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , Tennessee Technological University , Cookeville , Tennessee 38505 , United States
| | - Edward C Lisic
- Department of Chemistry , Tennessee Technological University , Cookeville , Tennessee 38505 , United States
| | - Joseph E Deweese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Nashville , Tennessee 37204-3951 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , United States
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237
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Kuriappan JA, Osheroff N, De Vivo M. Smoothed Potential MD Simulations for Dissociation Kinetics of Etoposide To Unravel Isoform Specificity in Targeting Human Topoisomerase II. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4007-4017. [PMID: 31449404 PMCID: PMC6800198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human
type II topoisomerases (TopoII) are essential for controlling
DNA topology within the cell. For this reason, there are a number
of TopoII-targeted anticancer drugs that act by inducing DNA cleavage
mediated by both TopoII isoforms (TopoIIα and TopoIIβ)
in cells. However, recent studies suggest that specific poisoning
of TopoIIα may be a safer strategy for treating cancer. This
is because poisoning of TopoIIβ appears to be linked to the
generation of secondary leukemia in patients. We recently reported
that enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage complexes (in which TopoII is covalently
linked to the cleaved DNA during catalysis) formed in the presence
of the anticancer drug etoposide persisted approximately 3-fold longer
with TopoIIα than TopoIIβ. Notably, enhanced drug-target
residence time may reduce the adverse effects of specific TopoIIα
poisons. However, it is still not clear how to design drugs that are
specific for the α isoform. In this study, we report the results
of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to comparatively
analyze the molecular interactions formed within the TopoII/DNA/etoposide
complex with both isoforms. We also used smoothed potential MD to
estimate etoposide dissociation kinetics from the two isoform complexes.
These extensive classical and enhanced sampling simulations revealed
stabilizing interactions of etoposide with two serine residues (Ser763
and Ser800) in TopoIIα. These interactions are missing in TopoIIβ,
where both amino acids are alanine residues. This may explain the
greater persistence of etoposide-stabilized cleavage complexes formed
with Topo TopoIIα. These findings could be useful for the rational
design of specific TopoIIα poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-6307 , United States.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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238
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Khan MA, D'Ovidio A, Tran H, Palaniyar N. Anthracyclines Suppress Both NADPH Oxidase- Dependent and -Independent NETosis in Human Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091328. [PMID: 31500300 PMCID: PMC6770146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are cytotoxic DNA-protein complexes that play positive and negative roles in combating infection, inflammation, organ damage, autoimmunity, sepsis and cancer. However, NETosis regulatory effects of most of the clinically used drugs are not clearly established. Several recent studies highlight the relevance of NETs in promoting both cancer cell death and metastasis. Here, we screened the NETosis regulatory ability of 126 compounds belonging to 39 classes of drugs commonly used for treating cancer, blood cell disorders and other diseases. Our studies show that anthracyclines (e.g., epirubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and idarubicin) consistently suppress both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent types of NETosis in human neutrophils, ex vivo. The intercalating property of anthracycline may be enough to alter the transcription initiation and lead NETosis inhibition. Notably, the inhibitory doses of anthracyclines neither suppress the production of reactive oxygen species that are necessary for antimicrobial functions nor induce apoptotic cell death in neutrophils. Therefore, anthracyclines are a major class of drug that suppresses NETosis. The dexrazoxane, a cardioprotective agent, used for limiting the side effects of anthracyclines, neither affect NETosis nor alter the ability of anthracyclines to suppress NETosis. Hence, at correct doses, anthracyclines together with dexrazoxane could be considered as a therapeutic candidate drug for suppressing unwanted NETosis in NET-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1 Canada
| | - Adam D'Ovidio
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Applied Clinical Pharmacology Program, and 4 Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1, Canada
| | - Harvard Tran
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1 Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1 Canada.
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239
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Blower TR, Bandak A, Lee ASY, Austin CA, Nitiss JL, Berger JM. A complex suite of loci and elements in eukaryotic type II topoisomerases determine selective sensitivity to distinct poisoning agents. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8163-8179. [PMID: 31287876 PMCID: PMC6735899 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases catalyze essential DNA transactions and are proven drug targets. Drug discrimination by prokaryotic and eukaryotic topoisomerases is vital to therapeutic utility, but is poorly understood. We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to identify drug-resistance mutations in eukaryotic topoisomerases. We show that alterations conferring resistance to poisons of human and yeast topoisomerase II derive from a rich mutational 'landscape' of amino acid substitutions broadly distributed throughout the entire enzyme. Both general and discriminatory drug-resistant behaviors are found to arise from different point mutations found at the same amino acid position and to occur far outside known drug-binding sites. Studies of selected resistant enzymes confirm the NGS data and further show that the anti-cancer quinolone vosaroxin acts solely as an intercalating poison, and that the antibacterial ciprofloxacin can poison yeast topoisomerase II. The innate drug-sensitivity of the DNA binding and cleavage region of human and yeast topoisomerases (particularly hTOP2β) is additionally revealed to be significantly regulated by the enzymes' adenosine triphosphatase regions. Collectively, these studies highlight the utility of using NGS-based methods to rapidly map drug resistance landscapes and reveal that the nucleotide turnover elements of type II topoisomerases impact drug specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Blower
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Afif Bandak
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amy S Y Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John L Nitiss
- Biopharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 1601 Parkview Avenue, N310, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - James M Berger
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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240
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Wang Y, Liu M, Johnson SB, Yuan G, Arriba AK, Zubizarreta ME, Chatterjee S, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Xiao S. Doxorubicin obliterates mouse ovarian reserve through both primordial follicle atresia and overactivation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114714. [PMID: 31437492 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian toxicity and infertility are major side effects of cancer therapy in young female cancer patients. We and others have previously demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic chemicals, has a dose-dependent toxicity on growing follicles. However, it is not fully understood if the primordial follicles are the direct or indirect target of DOX. Using both prepubertal and young adult female mouse models, we comprehensively investigated the effect of DOX on all developmental stages of follicles, determined the impact of DOX on primordial follicle survival, activation, and development, as well as compared the impact of age on DOX-induced ovarian toxicity. Twenty-one-day-old CD-1 female mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or clinically relevant dose of DOX at 10 mg/kg once. Results indicated that DOX primarily damaged granulosa cells in growing follicles and oocytes in primordial follicles and DOX-induced growing follicle apoptosis was associated with the primordial follicle overactivation. Using the 5-day-old female mice with a more uniform primordial follicle population, our data revealed that DOX also directly promoted primordial follicle death and the DNA damage-TAp63α-C-CASP3 pathway was involved in DOX-induced primordial follicle oocyte apoptosis. Compared to 21-day- and 8-week-old female mice that were treated with the same dose of DOX, the 5-day-old mice had the most severe primordial follicle loss as well as the least degree of primordial follicle overactivation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DOX obliterates mouse ovarian reserve through both primordial follicle atresia and overactivation and the DOX-induced ovarian toxicity is age dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sarah B Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gehui Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Alana K Arriba
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Maria E Zubizarreta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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241
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Pannunzio NR, Lieber MR. Constitutively active Artemis nuclease recognizes structures containing single-stranded DNA configurations. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102676. [PMID: 31377101 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Artemis nuclease recognizes and endonucleolytically cleaves at single-stranded to double-stranded DNA (ss/dsDNA) boundaries. It is also a key enzyme in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Previously, a truncated form, Artemis-413, was developed that is constitutively active both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we use this constitutively active form of Artemis to detect DNA structures with ss/dsDNA boundaries that arise under topological stress. Topoisomerases prevent abnormal levels of torsional stress through modulation of positive and negative supercoiling. We show that overexpression of Artemis-413 in yeast cells carrying genetic mutations that ablate topoisomerase activity have an increased frequency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Based on the biochemical activity of Artemis, this suggests an increase in ss/dsDNA-containing structures upon increased torsional stress, with DSBs arising due to Artemis cutting at these ss/dsDNA structures. Camptothecin targets topoisomerase IB (Top1), and cells treated with camptothecin show increased DSBs. We find that expression of Artemis-413 in camptothecin-treated cells leads to a reduction in DSBs, the opposite of what we find with topoisomerase genetic mutations. This contrast between outcomes not only confirms that topoisomerase mutation and topoisomerase poisoning have distinct effects on cells, but also demonstrates the usefulness of Artemis-413 to study changes in DNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Pannunzio
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Michael R Lieber
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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242
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Canela A, Maman Y, Huang SYN, Wutz G, Tang W, Zagnoli-Vieira G, Callen E, Wong N, Day A, Peters JM, Caldecott KW, Pommier Y, Nussenzweig A. Topoisomerase II-Induced Chromosome Breakage and Translocation Is Determined by Chromosome Architecture and Transcriptional Activity. Mol Cell 2019; 75:252-266.e8. [PMID: 31202577 PMCID: PMC8170508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves torsional stress by forming transient cleavage complex intermediates (TOP2ccs) that contain TOP2-linked DNA breaks (DSBs). While TOP2ccs are normally reversible, they can be "trapped" by chemotherapeutic drugs such as etoposide and subsequently converted into irreversible TOP2-linked DSBs. Here, we have quantified etoposide-induced trapping of TOP2ccs, their conversion into irreversible TOP2-linked DSBs, and their processing during DNA repair genome-wide, as a function of time. We find that while TOP2 chromatin localization and trapping is independent of transcription, it requires pre-existing binding of cohesin to DNA. In contrast, the conversion of trapped TOP2ccs to irreversible DSBs during DNA repair is accelerated 2-fold at transcribed loci relative to non-transcribed loci. This conversion is dependent on proteasomal degradation and TDP2 phosphodiesterase activity. Quantitative modeling shows that only two features of pre-existing chromatin structure-namely, cohesin binding and transcriptional activity-can be used to predict the kinetics of TOP2-induced DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Canela
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yaakov Maman
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shar-Yin N Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gordana Wutz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wen Tang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Wong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Day
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan-Michael Peters
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK; Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, 4, Czech Republic
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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243
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Infante Lara L, Fenner S, Ratcliffe S, Isidro-Llobet A, Hann M, Bax B, Osheroff N. Coupling the core of the anticancer drug etoposide to an oligonucleotide induces topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage at specific DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:2218-2233. [PMID: 29447373 PMCID: PMC5861436 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide and other topoisomerase II-targeted drugs are important anticancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, the safe usage of these agents is limited by their indiscriminate induction of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage throughout the genome and by a lack of specificity toward cancer cells. Therefore, as a first step toward constraining the distribution of etoposide-induced DNA cleavage sites and developing sequence-specific topoisomerase II-targeted anticancer agents, we covalently coupled the core of etoposide to oligonucleotides centered on a topoisomerase II cleavage site in the PML gene. The initial sequence used for this ‘oligonucleotide-linked topoisomerase inhibitor’ (OTI) was identified as part of the translocation breakpoint of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Subsequent OTI sequences were derived from the observed APL breakpoint between PML and RARA. Results indicate that OTIs can be used to direct the sites of etoposide-induced DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase IIβ. OTIs increased levels of enzyme-mediated cleavage by inhibiting DNA ligation, and cleavage complexes induced by OTIs were as stable as those induced by free etoposide. Finally, OTIs directed against the PML-RARA breakpoint displayed cleavage specificity for oligonucleotides with the translocation sequence over those with sequences matching either parental gene. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using oligonucleotides to direct topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage to specific sites in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Infante Lara
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Sabine Fenner
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Steven Ratcliffe
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ben Bax
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.,York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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244
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Maya-Miles D, Andújar E, Pérez-Alegre M, Murillo-Pineda M, Barrientos-Moreno M, Cabello-Lobato MJ, Gómez-Marín E, Morillo-Huesca M, Prado F. Crosstalk between chromatin structure, cohesin activity and transcription. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:47. [PMID: 31331360 PMCID: PMC6647288 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex interplay between chromatin and topological machineries is critical for genome architecture and function. However, little is known about these reciprocal interactions, even for cohesin, despite its multiple roles in DNA metabolism. RESULTS We have used genome-wide analyses to address how cohesins and chromatin structure impact each other in yeast. Cohesin inactivation in scc1-73 mutants during the S and G2 phases causes specific changes in chromatin structure that preferentially take place at promoters; these changes include a significant increase in the occupancy of the - 1 and + 1 nucleosomes. In addition, cohesins play a major role in transcription regulation that is associated with specific promoter chromatin architecture. In scc1-73 cells, downregulated genes are enriched in promoters with short or no nucleosome-free region (NFR) and a fragile "nucleosome - 1/RSC complex" particle. These results, together with a preferential increase in the occupancy of nucleosome - 1 of these genes, suggest that cohesins promote transcription activation by helping RSC to form the NFR. In sharp contrast, the scc1-73 upregulated genes are enriched in promoters with an "open" chromatin structure and are mostly at cohesin-enriched regions, suggesting that a local accumulation of cohesins might help to inhibit transcription. On the other hand, a dramatic loss of chromatin integrity by histone depletion during DNA replication has a moderate effect on the accumulation and distribution of cohesin peaks along the genome. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses of the interplay between chromatin integrity and cohesin activity suggest that cohesins play a major role in transcription regulation, which is associated with specific chromatin architecture and cohesin-mediated nucleosome alterations of the regulated promoters. In contrast, chromatin integrity plays only a minor role in the binding and distribution of cohesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Maya-Miles
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Andújar
- Genomic Unit, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Alegre
- Genomic Unit, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Murillo-Pineda
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Barrientos-Moreno
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - María J. Cabello-Lobato
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Present Address: Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elena Gómez-Marín
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Macarena Morillo-Huesca
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Prado
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), CSIC-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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245
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Wang SY, Mao H, Shibuya H, Uzawa S, O’Brown ZK, Wesenberg S, Shin N, Saito TT, Gao J, Meyer BJ, Colaiácovo MP, Greer EL. The demethylase NMAD-1 regulates DNA replication and repair in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008252. [PMID: 31283754 PMCID: PMC6638966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological roles of nucleic acid methylation, other than at the C5-position of cytosines in CpG dinucleotides, are still not well understood. Here, we report genetic evidence for a critical role for the putative DNA demethylase NMAD-1 in regulating meiosis in C. elegans. nmad-1 mutants have reduced fertility. They show defects in prophase I of meiosis, which leads to reduced embryo production and an increased incidence of males due to defective chromosomal segregation. In nmad-1 mutant worms, nuclear staging beginning at the leptotene and zygotene stages is disorganized, the cohesin complex is mislocalized at the diplotene and diakinesis stages, and chromosomes are improperly condensed, fused, or lost by the end of diakinesis. RNA sequencing of the nmad-1 germline revealed reduced induction of DNA replication and DNA damage response genes during meiosis, which was coupled with delayed DNA replication, impaired DNA repair and increased apoptosis of maturing oocytes. To begin to understand how NMAD-1 regulates DNA replication and repair, we used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify NMAD-1 binding proteins. NMAD-1 binds to multiple proteins that regulate DNA repair and replication, including topoisomerase TOP-2 and co-localizes with TOP-2 on chromatin. Moreover, the majority of TOP-2 binding to chromatin depends on NMAD-1. These results suggest that NMAD-1 functions at DNA replication sites to regulate DNA replication and repair during meiosis. Errors in meiosis are the leading cause of miscarriages, as well as developmental and intellectual disabilities. We have identified that NMAD-1, an enzyme which removes methyl moieties from nucleic acids, is essential for appropriate DNA damage response, DNA replication and meiosis in the nematode C. elegans. We have cytologically and genetically characterized the defects which occur due to deletion of NMAD-1 in the C. elegans germline. Additionally, we have begun to determine molecularly how NMAD-1 can regulate DNA replication, by demonstrating that NMAD-1 binds to components of the DNA replication machinery and is required for their appropriate localization to DNA. Characterizing how epigenetic modifications and the corresponding enzymes that add or remove epigenetic modifications can control the fundamental process of meiosis will have broad implications for understanding and eventually correcting errors in meiosis that disrupt normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Yuan Wang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hui Mao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satoru Uzawa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Zach Klapholz O’Brown
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sage Wesenberg
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takamune T. Saito
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jinmin Gao
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Monica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Lieberman Greer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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246
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Hu C, Wong WT, Wu R, Lai WF. Biochemistry and use of soybean isoflavones in functional food development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2098-2112. [PMID: 31272191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans and their food products exist in the market in various forms, ranging from crude oils and bean meals to nutritious products (e.g. soy milk powers). With the availability of technologies for mass production of soy products and for enrichment of soy components (e.g. phospholipids, saponins, isoflavones, oligosaccharides and edible fiber), the nutritional values of soy products have been enhanced remarkably, offering the potential for functional food development. Among different bioactive components in soybeans, one important component is isoflavones, which have been widely exploited for health implications. While there are studies supporting the health benefits of isoflavones, concerns on adverse effects have been raised in the literature. The objective of this article is to review the recent understanding of the biological activities, adverse effects, and use of isoflavones in functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshen Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Runyu Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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247
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Potapova TA, Unruh JR, Yu Z, Rancati G, Li H, Stampfer MR, Gerton JL. Superresolution microscopy reveals linkages between ribosomal DNA on heterologous chromosomes. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2492-2513. [PMID: 31270138 PMCID: PMC6683752 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Potapova et al. use superresolution microscopy to describe linkages between ribosomal DNA on heterologous human chromosomes whose formation depends on the transcription factor UBF and topoisomerase II. Linkages persist in the absence of cohesion but require topoisomerase II for resolution. The spatial organization of the genome is enigmatic. Direct evidence of physical contacts between chromosomes and their visualization at nanoscale resolution has been limited. We used superresolution microscopy to demonstrate that ribosomal DNA (rDNA) can form linkages between chromosomes. We observed rDNA linkages in many different human cell types and demonstrated their resolution in anaphase. rDNA linkages are coated by the transcription factor UBF and their formation depends on UBF, indicating that they regularly occur between transcriptionally active loci. Overexpression of c-Myc increases rDNA transcription and the frequency of rDNA linkages, further suggesting that their formation depends on active transcription. Linkages persist in the absence of cohesion, but inhibition of topoisomerase II prevents their resolution in anaphase. We propose that linkages are topological intertwines occurring between transcriptionally active rDNA loci spatially colocated in the same nucleolar compartment. Our findings suggest that active DNA loci engage in physical interchromosomal connections that are an integral and pervasive feature of genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Zelkowski M, Zelkowska K, Conrad U, Hesse S, Lermontova I, Marzec M, Meister A, Houben A, Schubert V. Arabidopsis NSE4 Proteins Act in Somatic Nuclei and Meiosis to Ensure Plant Viability and Fertility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:774. [PMID: 31281325 PMCID: PMC6596448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The SMC 5/6 complex together with cohesin and condensin is a member of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein family. In non-plant organisms SMC5/6 is engaged in DNA repair, meiotic synapsis, genome organization and stability. In plants, the function of SMC5/6 is still enigmatic. Therefore, we analyzed the crucial δ-kleisin component NSE4 of the SMC5/6 complex in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Two functional conserved Nse4 paralogs (Nse4A and Nse4B) are present in A. thaliana, which may have evolved via gene subfunctionalization. Due to its high expression level, Nse4A seems to be the more essential gene, whereas Nse4B appears to be involved mainly in seed development. The morphological characterization of A. thaliana T-DNA mutants suggests that the NSE4 proteins are essential for plant growth and fertility. Detailed investigations in wild-type and the mutants based on live cell imaging of transgenic GFP lines, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunolabeling and super-resolution microscopy suggest that NSE4A acts in several processes during plant development, such as mitosis, meiosis and chromatin organization of differentiated nuclei, and that NSE4A operates in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Differential response of NSE4A and NSE4B mutants after induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) suggests their involvement in DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zelkowski
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Zelkowska
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Udo Conrad
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Susann Hesse
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Inna Lermontova
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Cytogenomics Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Marzec
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Dalvie ED, Gopas J, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Osheroff N. 6,6'-Dihydroxythiobinupharidine as a poison of human type II topoisomerases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1881-1885. [PMID: 31182315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A number of natural products with medicinal properties increase DNA cleavage mediated by type II topoisomerases. In an effort to identify additional natural compounds that affect the activity of human type II topoisomerases, a blind screen of a library of 341 Mediterranean plant extracts was conducted. Extracts from Nuphar lutea, the yellow water lily, were identified in this screen. N. lutea has been used in traditional medicine by a variety of indigenous populations. The active compound in N. lutea, 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine, was found to enhance DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ ∼8-fold and ∼3-fold, respectively. Mechanistic studies with topoisomerase IIα indicate that 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine is a "covalent poison" that acts by adducting the enzyme outside of the DNA cleavage-ligation active site and requires the N-terminal domain of the protein for its activity. Results suggest that some of the medicinal properties of N. lutea may result from the interactions between 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine and the human type II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha D Dalvie
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avi Golan-Goldhirsh
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beer Sheva 84990, Israel
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Cellular DNA Topoisomerases Are Required for the Synthesis of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02230-18. [PMID: 30867306 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02230-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify host cellular DNA metabolic enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, we developed a cell-based assay supporting synchronized and rapid cccDNA synthesis from intracellular progeny nucleocapsid DNA. This was achieved by arresting HBV DNA replication in HepAD38 cells with phosphonoformic acid (PFA), a reversible HBV DNA polymerase inhibitor, at the stage of single-stranded DNA and was followed by removal of PFA to allow the synchronized synthesis of relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) and subsequent conversion into cccDNA within 12 to 24 h. This cccDNA formation assay allows systematic screening of the effects of small molecular inhibitors of DNA metabolic enzymes on cccDNA synthesis but avoids cytotoxic effects upon long-term treatment. Using this assay, we found that all the tested topoisomerase I and II (TOP1 and TOP2, respectively) poisons as well as topoisomerase II DNA binding and ATPase inhibitors significantly reduced the levels of cccDNA. It was further demonstrated that these inhibitors also disrupted cccDNA synthesis during de novo HBV infection of HepG2 cells expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Mechanistic analyses indicate that whereas TOP1 inhibitor treatment prevented the production of covalently closed negative-strand rcDNA, TOP2 inhibitors reduced the production of this cccDNA synthesis intermediate to a lesser extent. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of topoisomerase II significantly reduced cccDNA amplification. Taking these observations together, our study demonstrates that topoisomerase I and II may catalyze distinct steps of HBV cccDNA synthesis and that pharmacologic targeting of these cellular enzymes may facilitate the cure of chronic hepatitis B.IMPORTANCE Persistent HBV infection relies on stable maintenance and proper functioning of a nuclear episomal form of the viral genome called cccDNA, the most stable HBV replication intermediate. One of the major reasons for the failure of currently available antiviral therapeutics to cure chronic HBV infection is their inability to eradicate or inactivate cccDNA. We report here a chemical genetics approach to identify host cellular factors essential for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cccDNA and reveal that cellular DNA topoisomerases are required for both de novo synthesis and intracellular amplification of cccDNA. This approach is suitable for systematic screening of compounds targeting cellular DNA metabolic enzymes and chromatin remodelers for their ability to disrupt cccDNA biosynthesis and function. Identification of key host factors required for cccDNA metabolism and function will reveal molecular targets for developing curative therapeutics of chronic HBV infection.
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