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Varga E, Prause HC, Riepl M, Hochmayr N, Berk D, Attakpah E, Kiss E, Medić N, Del Favero G, Larsen TO, Hansen PJ, Marko D. Correction to: Cytotoxicity of Prymnesium parvum extracts and prymnesin analogs on epithelial fish gill cells RTgill-W1 and the human colon cell line HCEC-1CT. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03716-3. [PMID: 38592475 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hélène-Christine Prause
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Riepl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Hochmayr
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deniz Berk
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Attakpah
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikola Medić
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
- Center for Bioresources, Division for Food and Production, Danish Technological Institute, Gregersensvej 8, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Brynzak-Schreiber E, Schögl E, Bapp C, Cseh K, Kopatz V, Jakupec MA, Weber A, Lange T, Toca-Herrera JL, Del Favero G, Wadsak W, Kenner L, Pichler V. Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141463. [PMID: 38423146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the global plastic pollution crisis, the gastrointestinal tract serves as the primary entry point for daily exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. We investigated the complex dynamics between polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (PS-MNPs) and four distinct human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, SW480, and SW620). Our findings revealed a significant size- and concentration dependent uptake of 0.25, 1, and 10 μm PS-MNPs across all cell lines, with HCT116 cells exhibiting the highest uptake rates. During cell division, particles were distributed between mother and daughter cells. Interestingly, we observed no signs of elimination from the cells. Short-term exposure to 0.25 μm particles significantly amplified cell migration, potentially leading to pro-metastatic effects. Particles demonstrated high persistence in 2D and 3D cultures, and accumulation in non-proliferating parts of spheroids, without interfering with cell proliferation or division. Our study unveils the disturbing fact of the persistence and bioaccumulation of MNPs in colorectal cancer cell lines, key toxicological traits under REACH (Regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals). Our observations underscore the potential of MNPs as hidden catalysts for tumor progression, particularly through enhancing cell migration and possibly fueling metastasis - a finding that sheds light on a significant and previously underexplored area of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Brynzak-Schreiber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schögl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Bapp
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kopatz
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Department for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Germany
| | - José L Toca-Herrera
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Pichler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria.
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Crudo F, Dellafiora L, Hong C, Burger L, Jobst M, Del Favero G, Marko D. Combined in vitro and in silico mechanistic approach to explore the potential of Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol and altertoxin II to hamper γH2AX formation in DNA damage signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett 2024; 394:1-10. [PMID: 38403206 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment of food and environmental contaminants is faced by substantial data gaps and novel strategies are needed to support science-based regulatory actions. The Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol (AOH) and altertoxin II (ATXII) have garnered attention for their possible genotoxic effects. Nevertheless, data currently available are rather scattered, hindering a comprehensive hazard characterization. This study combined in vitro/in silico approaches to elucidate the potential of AOH and ATXII to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, it examines the impact of co-exposure to AOH and the DSB-inducing drug doxorubicin (Doxo) on γH2AX expression. AOH slightly increased γH2AX expression, whereas ATXII did not elicit this response. Interestingly, AOH suppressed Doxo-induced γH2AX expression, despite evidence of increased DNA damage in the comet assay. Building on these observations, AOH was postulated to inhibit γH2AX-forming kinases. Along this line, in silico analysis supported AOH potential interaction with the ATP-binding sites of these kinases and immunofluorescence experiments showed decreased intracellular phosphorylation events. Similarly, in silico results suggested that ATXII might also interact with these kinases. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications of AOH-induced γH2AX expression inhibition on DNA repair processes and underscores the need for caution when interpreting γH2AX assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crudo
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Chenyifan Hong
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lena Burger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, Vienna 1090, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Hohagen M, Sánchez L, Herbst AJ, Kählig H, Shin JW, Berry D, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. MANNosylation of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Modifies TLR4 Localization and NF-κB Translocation in T24 Bladder Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304150. [PMID: 38554019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
D-mannose is widely used as non-antibiotic treatment for bacterial urinary tract infections. This application is based on a well-studied mechanism of binding to the type 1 bacterial pili and, therefore, blocking bacteria adhesion to the uroepithelial cells. To implement D-mannose into carrier systems, the mechanism of action of the sugar in the bladder environment is also relevant and requires investigation. Herein, two different MANNosylation strategies using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are described. The impact of different chemical linkers on bacterial adhesion and bladder cell response is studied via confocal microscopy imaging of the MSN interactions with the respective organisms. Cytotoxicity is assessed and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1), in the presence or absence of simulated infection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is evaluated using the human urinary bladder cancer cell line T24. Further, localisation of the transcription factor NF-κB due to the MANNosylated materials is examined over time. The results show that MANNosylation modifies bacterial adhesion to the nanomaterials and significantly affects TLR4, caveolin-1, and NF-κB in bladder cells. These elements are essential components of the inflammatory cascade/pathogens response during urinary tract infections. These findings demonstrate that MANNosylation is a versatile tool to design hybrid nanocarriers for targeted biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hohagen
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Ann-Jacqueline Herbst
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jae Won Shin
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Varga E, Prause HC, Riepl M, Hochmayr N, Berk D, Attakpah E, Kiss E, Medić N, Del Favero G, Larsen TO, Hansen PJ, Marko D. Cytotoxicity of Prymnesium parvum extracts and prymnesin analogs on epithelial fish gill cells RTgill-W1 and the human colon cell line HCEC-1CT. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:999-1014. [PMID: 38212450 PMCID: PMC10861388 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms kill fish populations worldwide, as exemplified by the haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum. The suspected causative agents are prymnesins, categorized as A-, B-, and C-types based on backbone carbon atoms. Impacts of P. parvum extracts and purified prymnesins were tested on the epithelial rainbow trout fish gill cell line RTgill-W1 and on the human colon epithelial cells HCEC-1CT. Cytotoxic potencies ranked A > C > B-type with concentrations spanning from low (A- and C-type) to middle (B-type) nM ranges. Although RTgill-W1 cells were about twofold more sensitive than HCEC-1CT, the cytotoxicity of prymnesins is not limited to fish gills. Both cell lines responded rapidly to prymnesins; with EC50 values for B-types in RTgill-W1 cells of 110 ± 11 nM and 41.5 ± 0.6 nM after incubations times of 3 and 24 h. Results of fluorescence imaging and measured lytic effects suggest plasma membrane interactions. Postulating an osmotic imbalance as mechanisms of toxicity, incubations with prymnesins in media lacking either Cl-, Na+, or Ca2+ were performed. Cl- removal reduced morphometric rearrangements observed in RTgill-W1 and cytotoxicity in HCEC-1CT cells. Ca2+-free medium in RTgill-W1 cells exacerbated effects on the cell nuclei. Prymnesin composition of different P. parvum strains showed that analog composition within one type scarcely influenced the cytotoxic potential, while analog type potentially dictate potency. Overall, A-type prymnesins were the most potent ones in both cell lines followed by the C-types, and lastly B-types. Disturbance of Ca2+ and Cl- ionoregulation may be integral to prymnesin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hélène-Christine Prause
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Riepl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Hochmayr
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deniz Berk
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Attakpah
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikola Medić
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
- Center for Bioresources, Division for Food and Production, Danish Technological Institute, Gregersensvej 8, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Buchacher T, Digruber A, Kranzler M, Del Favero G, Ehling-Schulz M. Correction: Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:37. [PMID: 38225591 PMCID: PMC10789011 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Functional Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Digruber
- Functional Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kranzler
- Functional Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Jobst M, Hossain M, Kiss E, Bergen J, Marko D, Del Favero G. Autophagy modulation changes mechano-chemical sensitivity of T24 bladder cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115942. [PMID: 38042111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer cells possess unique adaptive capabilities: shaped by their environment, cells face a complex chemical mixture of metabolites and xenobiotics accompanied by physiological mechanical cues. These responses might translate into resistance to chemotherapeutical regimens and can largely rely on autophagy. Considering molecules capable of rewiring tumor plasticity, compounds of natural origin promise to offer valuable options. Fungal derived metabolites, such as bafilomycin and wortmannin are widely acknowledged as autophagy inhibitors. Here, their potential to tune bladder cancer cells´ adaptability to chemical and physical stimuli was assessed. Additionally, dietary occurring mycotoxins were also investigated, namely deoxynivalenol (DON, 0.1-10 µM) and fusaric acid (FA, 0.1-1 mM). Endowing a Janus' face behavior, DON and FA are on the one side described as toxins with detrimental health effects. Concomitantly, they are also explored experimentally for selective pharmacological applications including anticancer activities. In non-cytotoxic concentrations, bafilomycin (BAFI, 1-10 nM) and wortmannin (WORT, 1 µM) modified cell morphology and reduced cancer cell migration. Application of shear stress and inhibition of mechano-gated PIEZO channels reduced cellular sensitivity to BAFI treatment (1 nM). Similarly, for FA (0.5 mM) PIEZO1 expression and inhibition largely aligned with the modulatory potential on cancer cells motility. Additionally, this study highlighted that the activity profile of compounds with similar cytotoxic potential (e.g. co-incubation DON with BAFI or FA with WORT) can diverge substantially in the regulation of cell mechanotransduction. Considering the interdependence between tumor progression and response to mechanical cues, these data promise to provide a novel viewpoint for the study of chemoresistance and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maliha Hossain
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janice Bergen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Riva A, Rasoulimehrabani H, Cruz-Rubio JM, Schnorr SL, von Baeckmann C, Inan D, Nikolov G, Herbold CW, Hausmann B, Pjevac P, Schintlmeister A, Spittler A, Palatinszky M, Kadunic A, Hieger N, Del Favero G, von Bergen M, Jehmlich N, Watzka M, Lee KS, Wiesenbauer J, Khadem S, Viernstein H, Stocker R, Wagner M, Kaiser C, Richter A, Kleitz F, Berry D. Identification of inulin-responsive bacteria in the gut microbiota via multi-modal activity-based sorting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8210. [PMID: 38097563 PMCID: PMC10721620 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible dietary components that promote the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms. In many cases, however, this capability is not systematically evaluated. Here, we develop a methodology for determining prebiotic-responsive bacteria using the popular dietary supplement inulin. We first identify microbes with a capacity to bind inulin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with inulin. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of sorted cells revealed that the ability to bind inulin was widespread in the microbiota. We further evaluate which taxa are metabolically stimulated by inulin and find that diverse taxa from the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria respond to inulin, and several isolates of these taxa can degrade inulin. Incubation with another prebiotic, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), in contrast, shows a more robust bifidogenic effect. Interestingly, the Coriobacteriia Eggerthella lenta and Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens are indirectly stimulated by the inulin degradation process, expanding our knowledge of inulin-responsive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Riva
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hamid Rasoulimehrabani
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Manuel Cruz-Rubio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie L Schnorr
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia von Baeckmann
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deniz Inan
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georgi Nikolov
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig W Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry and Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Márton Palatinszky
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Kadunic
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Hieger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kang Soo Lee
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Wiesenbauer
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanaz Khadem
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Crudo F, Hong C, Varga E, Del Favero G, Marko D. Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of the Alternaria Mycotoxin Alternariol in Combination with the Process Contaminant Acrylamide. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:670. [PMID: 38133174 PMCID: PMC10748053 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to mixtures of different xenobiotics through their diet. One emerging concern is the Alternaria mycotoxin alternariol (AOH), which can occur in foods typically contaminated by the process contaminant acrylamide (AA). AA is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction produced in carbohydrate-rich foods during thermal processing. Given the genotoxic properties of AOH and AA as single compounds, as well as their potential co-occurrence in food, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of these compounds in combination. Genotoxicity was assessed in HepG2 cells by quantifying the phosphorylation of the histone γ-H2AX, induced as a response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mutagenicity was tested in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 by applying the Ames microplate format test. Our results showed the ability of AOH and AA to induce DSBs and increase revertant numbers in S. typhimurium TA100, with AOH being more potent than AA. However, no synergistic effects were observed during the combined treatments. Notably, the results of the study suggest that the compounds exert mutagenic effects primarily through base pair substitutions. In summary, the data indicate no immediate cause for concern regarding synergistic health risks associated with the consumption of foods co-contaminated with AOH and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crudo
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Chenyifan Hong
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Gruber L, Jobst M, Kiss E, Karasová M, Englinger B, Berger W, Del Favero G. Intracellular remodeling associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress modifies biomechanical compliance of bladder cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:307. [PMID: 37904178 PMCID: PMC10614373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cells face a challenging biophysical environment: mechanical cues originating from urine flow and regular contraction to enable the filling voiding of the organ. To ensure functional adaption, bladder cells rely on high biomechanical compliance, nevertheless aging or chronic pathological conditions can modify this plasticity. Obviously the cytoskeletal network plays an essential role, however the contribution of other, closely entangled, intracellular organelles is currently underappreciated. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies at a crucial crossroads, connected to both nucleus and cytoskeleton. Yet, its role in the maintenance of cell mechanical stability is less investigated. To start exploring these aspects, T24 bladder cancer cells were treated with the ER stress inducers brefeldin A (10-40nM BFA, 24 h) and thapsigargin (0.1-100nM TG, 24 h). Without impairment of cell motility and viability, BFA and TG triggered a significant subcellular redistribution of the ER; this was associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Additional inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D (100nM CytD) contributed to the spread of the ER toward cell periphery, and was accompanied by an increase of cellular stiffness (Young´s modulus) in the cytoplasmic compartment. Shrinking of the ER toward the nucleus (100nM TG, 2 h) was related to an increased stiffness in the nuclear and perinuclear areas. A similar short-term response profile was observed also in normal human primary bladder fibroblasts. In sum, the ER and its subcellular rearrangement seem to contribute to the mechanical properties of bladder cells opening new perspectives in the study of the related stress signaling cascades. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gruber
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martina Karasová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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11
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Janker L, Schuster D, Bortel P, Hagn G, Meier-Menches SM, Mohr T, Mader JC, Slany A, Bileck A, Brunmair J, Madl C, Unger L, Hennlich B, Weitmayr B, Del Favero G, Pils D, Pukrop T, Pfisterer N, Feichtenschlager T, Gerner C. Multiomics-empowered Deep Phenotyping of Ulcerative Colitis Identifies Biomarker Signatures Reporting Functional Remission States. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1514-1527. [PMID: 36961872 PMCID: PMC10588787 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic disease with rising incidence and unclear aetiology. Deep molecular phenotyping by multiomics analyses may provide novel insights into disease processes and characteristic features of remission states. METHODS UC pathomechanisms were assessed by proteome profiling of human tissue specimens, obtained from five distinct colon locations for each of the 12 patients included in the study. Systemic disease-associated alterations were evaluated thanks to a cross-sectional setting of mass spectrometry-based multiomics analyses comprising proteins, metabolites, and eicosanoids of plasma obtained from UC patients during acute episodes and upon remission, in comparison with healthy controls. RESULTS Tissue proteome profiling indicated colitis-associated activation of neutrophils, macrophages, B and T cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and platelets, and hypoxic stress, and suggested a general downregulation of mitochondrial proteins accompanying the establishment of apparent wound healing-promoting activities including scar formation. Whereas pro-inflammatory proteins were apparently upregulated by immune cells, the colitis-associated epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and platelets seemed to predominantly contribute anti-inflammatory and wound healing-promoting proteins. Blood plasma proteomics indicated chronic inflammation and platelet activation, whereas plasma metabolomics identified disease-associated deregulations of gut and gut microbiome-derived metabolites. Upon remission several, but not all, molecular candidate biomarker levels recovered back to normal. CONCLUSION The findings may indicate that microvascular damage and platelet deregulation hardly resolve upon remission, but apparently persist as disease-associated molecular signatures. This study presents local and systemic molecular alterations integrated in a model for UC pathomechanisms, potentially supporting the assessment of disease and remission states in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dina Schuster
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Bortel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna C Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brunmair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Madl
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Unger
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Hennlich
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Weitmayr
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfisterer
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Iriarte-Mesa C, Jobst M, Bergen J, Kiss E, Ryoo R, Kim JC, Crudo F, Marko D, Kleitz F, Del Favero G. Morphology-Dependent Interaction of Silica Nanoparticles with Intestinal Cells: Connecting Shape to Barrier Function. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7758-7766. [PMID: 37433061 PMCID: PMC10450799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal compartment ensures nutrient absorption and barrier function against pathogens. Despite decades of research on the complexity of the gut, the adaptive potential to physical cues, such as those derived from interaction with particles of different shapes, remains less understood. Taking advantage of the technological versatility of silica nanoparticles, spherical, rod-shaped, and virus-like materials were synthesized. Morphology-dependent interactions were studied on differentiated Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Contributions of shape, aspect ratio, surface roughness, and size were evaluated considering the influence of the mucus layer and intracellular uptake pathways. Small particle size and surface roughness favored the highest penetration through the mucus but limited interaction with the cell monolayer and efficient internalization. Particles of a larger aspect ratio (rod-shaped) seemed to privilege paracellular permeation and increased cell-cell distances, albeit without hampering barrier integrity. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and chemical modulation of cell junctions effectively tuned these responses, confirming morphology-specific interactions elicited by bioinspired silica nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iriarte-Mesa
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry−Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janice Bergen
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of
Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chul Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Crudo
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry−Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Buchacher T, Digruber A, Kranzler M, Del Favero G, Ehling-Schulz M. Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:112. [PMID: 37189133 PMCID: PMC10184354 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Gram-positive bacteria have gained considerable importance as a novel transport system of virulence factors in host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive human pathogen, causing gastrointestinal toxemia as well as local and systemic infections. The pathogenicity of enteropathogenic B. cereus has been linked to a collection of virulence factors and exotoxins. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of virulence factor secretion and delivery to target cells is poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we investigate the production and characterization of enterotoxin-associated EVs from the enteropathogenic B. cereus strain NVH0075-95 by using a proteomics approach and studied their interaction with human host cells in vitro. For the first time, comprehensive analyses of B. cereus EV proteins revealed virulence-associated factors, such as sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and the three-component enterotoxin Nhe. The detection of Nhe subunits was confirmed by immunoblotting, showing that the low abundant subunit NheC was exclusively detected in EVs as compared to vesicle-free supernatant. Cholesterol-dependent fusion and predominantly dynamin-mediated endocytosis of B. cereus EVs with the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells represent entry routes for delivery of Nhe components to host cells, which was assessed by confocal microscopy and finally led to delayed cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we could show that B. cereus EVs elicit an inflammatory response in human monocytes and contribute to erythrocyte lysis via a cooperative interaction of enterotoxin Nhe and sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the interaction of EVs from B. cereus with human host cells and add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of multicomponent enterotoxin assembly, offering new opportunities to decipher molecular processes involved in disease development. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Digruber
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kranzler
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Bergen J, Karasova M, Bileck A, Pignitter M, Marko D, Gerner C, Del Favero G. Exposure to dietary fatty acids oleic and palmitic acid alters structure and mechanotransduction of intestinal cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1659-1675. [PMID: 37117602 PMCID: PMC10182945 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal cells are continuously exposed to food constituents while adapting to peristaltic movement and fluid shear stress. Oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) are among the most prevalent fatty acids with respect to dietary lipids. Despite the central importance of dietary lipids for a balanced diet, awareness about potential detrimental effects related to excessive consumption is increasing; this includes toxicity, metabolic deregulation, and, particularly for cancer cells, a benefit from the uptake of fatty acids related to promotion of metastasis. Expanding on this, we started elucidating the effects of OA and PA (25-500 µM) on non-transformed human intestinal epithelial cells (HCEC-1CT) in comparison to colon carcinoma cells (HCT116), with regard to the mechanosensory apparatus. Hence, intestinal cells' motility is on the one side essential to ensure adaption to peristaltic movement and barrier function, but also to enable metastatic progression. Incubation with both OA and PA (≥ 25 µM) significantly decreased membrane fluidity of HCT116 cells, whereas the effect on HCEC-1CT was more limited. Application of rhodamine-labelled PA demonstrated that the fatty acid is incorporated into the plasma membrane of HCT116, which could not be observed in the non-tumorigenic cell line. Down-streaming into the intracellular compartment, a pronounced rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton was evident in both cell lines (OA and PA; 25 and 100 µM). This was accompanied by a variation of translocation efficiency of the mechanosensitive co-transcription factor YAP1, albeit with a stronger effect seen for PA and the cancer cells. Untargeted proteomic analysis confirmed that exposure to OA and PA could alter the response capacity of HCT116 cells to fluid shear stress. Taken together, OA and PA were able to functionally modulate the mechanosensory apparatus of intestinal cells, implying a novel role for dietary fatty acids in the regulation of intestinal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Bergen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Karasova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Hlaoperm C, Sudjarwo WAA, Ehrenbrandtner J, Kiss E, Del Favero G, Choowongkomon K, Rattanasrisomporn J, Lieberzeit PA. Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle Ensembles for Rapidly Identifying S. epidermidis. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3526. [PMID: 37050585 PMCID: PMC10098556 DOI: 10.3390/s23073526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) belongs to methicillin-resistant bacteria strains that cause severe disease in humans. Herein, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles resulting from solid-phase synthesis on entire cells were employed as a sensing material to identify the species. MIP nanoparticles revealed spherical shapes with diameters of approximately 70 nm to 200 nm in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed. The interaction between nanoparticles and bacteria was assessed using height image analysis in AFM. Selective binding between MIP nanoparticles and S. epidermidis leads to uneven surfaces on bacteria. The surface roughness of S. epidermidis cells was increased to approximately 6.3 ± 1.2 nm after binding to MIP nanoparticles from around 1 nm in the case of native cells. This binding behavior is selective: when exposing Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to the same MIP nanoparticle solutions, one cannot observe binding. Fluorescence microscopy confirms both sensitivity and selectivity. Hence, the developed MIP nanoparticles are a promising approach to identify (pathogenic) bacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chularat Hlaoperm
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wisnu Arfian A. Sudjarwo
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Ehrenbrandtner
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Peter A. Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Jobst M, Kiss E, Gerner C, Marko D, Del Favero G. Activation of autophagy triggers mitochondrial loss and changes acetylation profile relevant for mechanotransduction in bladder cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:217-233. [PMID: 36214828 PMCID: PMC9816236 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cells are constantly exposed to multiple xenobiotics and bioactive metabolites. In addition to this challenging chemical environment, they are also exposed to shear stress originating from urine and interstitial fluids. Hence, physiological function of bladder cells relies on a high biochemical and biomechanical adaptive competence, which, in turn, is largely supported via autophagy-related mechanisms. As a negative side of this plasticity, bladder cancer cells are known to adapt readily to chemotherapeutic programs. At the molecular level, autophagy was described to support resistance against pharmacological treatments and to contribute to the maintenance of cell structure and metabolic competence. In this study, we enhanced autophagy with rapamycin (1-100 nM) and assessed its effects on the motility of bladder cells, as well as the capability to respond to shear stress. We observed that rapamycin reduced cell migration and the mechanical-induced translocation potential of Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2). These effects were accompanied by a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and mitochondrial loss. In parallel, intracellular acetylation levels were decreased. Mechanistically, inhibition of the NAD + -dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) with nicotinamide (NAM; 0.1-5 mM) restored acetylation levels hampered by rapamycin and cell motility. Taken together, we described the effects of rapamycin on cytoskeletal elements crucial for mechanotransduction and the dependency of these changes on the mitochondrial turnover caused by autophagy activation. Additionally, we could show that targeted metabolic intervention could revert the outcome of autophagy activation, reinforcing the idea that bladder cells can easily adapt to multiple xenobiotics and circumvent in this way the effects of single chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal, Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,Core Facility Multimodal, Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Peña B, Gao S, Borin D, Del Favero G, Abdel-Hafiz M, Farahzad N, Lorenzon P, Sinagra G, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Cellular Biomechanic Impairment in Cardiomyocytes Carrying the Progeria Mutation: An Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation. Langmuir 2022; 38:14928-14940. [PMID: 36420863 PMCID: PMC9730902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the clinical effect of progeria syndrome, understanding the cell mechanical behavior of this pathology could benefit the patient's treatment. Progeria patients show a point mutation in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA), which could change the cell's biomechanical properties. This paper reports a mechano-dynamic analysis of a progeria mutation (c.1824 C > T, p.Gly608Gly) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) using cell indentation by atomic force microscopy to measure alterations in beating force, frequency, and contractile amplitude of selected cells within cell clusters. Furthermore, we examined the beating rate variability using a time-domain method that produces a Poincaré plot because beat-to-beat changes can shed light on the causes of arrhythmias. Our data have been further related to our cell phenotype findings, using immunofluorescence and calcium transient analysis, showing that mutant NRVMs display changes in both beating force and frequency. These changes were associated with a decreased gap junction localization (Connexin 43) in the mutant NRVMs even in the presence of a stable cytoskeletal structure (microtubules and actin filaments) when compared with controls (wild type and non-treated cells). These data emphasize the kindred between nucleoskeleton (LMNA), cytoskeleton, and the sarcolemmal structures in NRVM with the progeria Gly608Gly mutation, prompting future mechanistic and therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Peña
- Cardiovascular
Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Colorado Denver
Anschutz Medical Campus, 12705 E. Montview Avenue, Suite 100, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Cardiovascular
Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Daniele Borin
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, Trieste34127, Italy
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-42, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Währinger Straße 38-42, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Mostafa Abdel-Hafiz
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Colorado Denver
Anschutz Medical Campus, 12705 E. Montview Avenue, Suite 100, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Nasim Farahzad
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Colorado Denver
Anschutz Medical Campus, 12705 E. Montview Avenue, Suite 100, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department
F of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste34127, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Polo
Cardiologico, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria
Integrata di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste34127, Italy
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- Cardiovascular
Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular
Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Cardiovascular
Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado80045, United States
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, Trieste34127, Italy
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18
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Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Puntscher H, Groestlinger J, Grabher S, Braun D, Tillmann K, Plasenzotti R, Del Favero G, Warth B, Höger H, Marko D. Markers for DNA damage are induced in the rat colon by the Alternaria toxin altertoxin-II, but not a complex extract of cultured Alternaria alternata. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:977147. [PMID: 36353200 PMCID: PMC9638006 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.977147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Alternaria spp. act genotoxic in cell-based studies, but data on their toxicity in vivo is scarce and urgently required for risk assessment. Thus, male Sprague-Dawley rats received single doses of a complex Alternaria toxin extract (CE; 50 mg/kg bw), altertoxin II (ATX-II; 0.21 mg/kg bw) or vehicle by gavage, one of the most genotoxic metabolites in vitro and were sacrificed after 3 or 24 h, respectively. Using SDS-PAGE/Western Blot, a significant increase of histone 2a.X phosphorylation and depletion of the native protein was observed for rats that were exposed to ATX-II for 24 h. Applying RT-PCR array technology we identified genes of interest for qRT-PCR testing, which in turn confirmed an induction of Rnf8 transcription in the colon of rats treated with ATX-II for 3 h and CE for 24 h. A decrease of Cdkn1a transcription was observed in rats exposed to ATX-II for 24 h, possibly indicating tissue repair after chemical injury. In contrast to the observed response in the colon, no markers for genotoxicity were induced in the liver of treated animals. We hereby provide the first report of ATX-II as a genotoxicant in vivo. Deviating results for similar concentrations of ATX-II in a natural Alternaria toxin mixture argue for substantial mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Groestlinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Grabher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Tillmann
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Hohagen M, Guggenberger P, Kiss E, Kählig H, Marko D, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. TANNylation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and bioactivity profiling in intestinal cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Groestlinger J, Seidl C, Varga E, Del Favero G, Marko D. Combinatory Exposure to Urolithin A, Alternariol, and Deoxynivalenol Affects Colon Cancer Metabolism and Epithelial Barrier Integrity in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882222. [PMID: 35811943 PMCID: PMC9263571 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is an important site of nutrient absorption and a crucial barrier against xenobiotics. It regularly faces “chemical cocktails” composed of food constituents, their human and microbial metabolites, and foodborne contaminants, such as mycotoxins. Hence, the colonic epithelium adapts to dietary molecules tuning its immune response, structural integrity, and metabolism to maintain intestinal homeostasis. While gut microbiota metabolites of berry ellagitannins, such as urolithin A (Uro A) might contribute to physiological epithelial barrier integrity, foodborne co-contaminating mycotoxins like alternariol (AOH) and deoxynivalenol (DON) could hamper epithelial function. Hence, we investigated the response of differentiated Caco-2 cells (clone C2BBe1) in vitro to the three compounds alone or in binary mixtures. In virtue of the possible interactions of Uro A, AOH, and DON with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, potential effects on phase-I-metabolism enzymes and epithelial structural integrity were taken as endpoints for the evaluation. Finally, Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry measurements elucidated the absorption, secretion, and metabolic capacity of the cells under single and combinatory exposure scenarios. Uro A and AOH as single compounds, and as a binary mixture, were capable to induce CYP1A1/1A2/1B1 enzymes triggered by the AhR pathway. In light of its ribosome inhibiting capacity, the trichothecene suppressed the effects of both dibenzo-α-pyrones. In turn, cellular responsiveness to Uro A and AOH could be sustained when co-exposed to DON-3-sulfate, instead of DON. Colonic epithelial structural integrity was rather maintained after incubation with Uro A and AOH: this was reinforced in the combinatory exposure scenario and disrupted by DON, an effect, opposed in combination. Passage through the cells as well as the metabolism of Uro A and AOH were rather influenced by co-exposure to DON, than by interaction with each other. Therefore, we conclude that although single foodborne bioactive substances individually could either support or disrupt the epithelial structure and metabolic capacity of colon cancer, exposure to chemical mixtures changes the experimental outcome and calls for the need of combinatory investigations for proper risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Groestlinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Seidl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero,
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doris Marko,
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21
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Groestlinger J, Spindler V, Pahlke G, Rychlik M, Del Favero G, Marko D. Alternaria alternata Mycotoxins Activate the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Nrf2-ARE Pathway to Alter the Structure and Immune Response of Colon Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:731-749. [PMID: 35405071 PMCID: PMC9115800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After ingestion of food commodities, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) poses the first barrier against xenobiotics and pathogens. Therefore, it is regularly confronted with external stressors potentially affecting the inflammatory response and the epithelial barrier. Alternaria mycotoxins such as alternariol (AOH) and altertoxin II (ATX-II) are frequently occurring food and feed contaminants that are described for their immunomodulatory capacities. Hence, this study aimed at exploring the effect of AOH and ATX-II as single compounds or binary mixtures on the immune response and epithelial homeostasis in noncancerous colon epithelial cells HCEC-1CT. Both toxins suppressed mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and secretion of IL-8, as well as mRNA levels of the matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2). Binary combinations of AOH and ATX-II reduced the response of the single toxins. Additionally, AOH and ATX-II modified immunolocalization of transmembrane proteins such as integrin β1, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), claudin 4 (Cldn 4), and occludin (Ocln), which support colonic tissue homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Moreover, the cellular distribution of ZO-1 was affected by ATX-II. Mechanistically, these effects could be traced back to the involvement of several transcription factors. AOH activated the nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), governing cell metabolic competence and structural integrity. This was accompanied by altered distribution of the NF-κB p65 protein, an important regulator of inflammatory response. ATX-II also induced AhR and Nrf2 translocation, albeit failing to substantiate the effect of AOH on the colonic epithelium. Hence, both toxins coherently repress the intestinal immune response on the cytokine transcriptional and protein levels. Furthermore, both mycotoxins affected the colonic epithelial integrity by altering the cell architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Groestlinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Spindler
- Chair of Food Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Food Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Bileck A, Bortel P, Kriz M, Janker L, Kiss E, Gerner C, Del Favero G. Inward Outward Signaling in Ovarian Cancer: Morpho-Phospho-Proteomic Profiling Upon Application of Hypoxia and Shear Stress Characterizes the Adaptive Plasticity of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 11:746411. [PMID: 35251951 PMCID: PMC8896345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the onset of resistance, ovarian cancer cells display almost unpredictable adaptive potential. This may derive from the tumor genetic ancestry and can be additionally tailored by post translational protein modifications (PTMs). In this study, we took advantage of high-end (phospho)-proteome analysis combined with multiparametric morphometric profiling in high-grade serous (OVCAR-3) and non-serous (SKOV-3) ovarian carcinoma cells. For functional experiments, we applied two different protocols, representing typical conditions of the abdominal cavity and of the growing tumor tissue: on the one side hypoxia (oxygen 1%) which develops within the tumor mass or is experienced during migration/extravasation in non-vascularized areas. On the other hand, fluid shear stress (250 rpm, 2.8 dyn/cm2) which affects tumor surface in the peritoneum or metastases in the bloodstream. After 3 hours incubation, treatment groups were clearly distinguishable by PCA analysis. Whereas basal proteome profiles of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells appeared almost unchanged, phosphoproteome analysis revealed multiple regulatory events. These affected primarily cellular structure and proliferative potential and consolidated in the proteome signature after 24h treatment. Upon oxygen reduction, metabolism switched toward glycolysis (e.g. upregulation hexokinase-2; HK2) and cell size increased, in concerted regulation of pathways related to Rho-GTPases and/or cytoskeletal elements, resembling a vasculogenic mimicry response. Shear stress regulated proteins governing cell cycle and structure, as well as the lipid metabolism machinery including the delta(14)-sterol reductase, kinesin-like proteins (KIF-22/20A) and the actin-related protein 2/3 complex. Independent microscopy-based validation experiments confirmed cell-type specific morphometric responses. In conclusion, we established a robust workflow enabling the description of the adaptive potential of ovarian cancer cells to physical and chemical stressors typical for the abdominal cavity and supporting the identification of novel molecular mechanisms sustaining tumor plasticity and pharmacologic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Bortel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Kriz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero, ; Christopher Gerner,
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero, ; Christopher Gerner,
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23
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Flasch M, Bueschl C, Del Favero G, Adam G, Schuhmacher R, Marko D, Warth B. Elucidation of xenoestrogen metabolism by non-targeted, stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry in breast cancer cells. Environ Int 2022; 158:106940. [PMID: 34673318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to xenoestrogens, i.e., chemicals that imitate the hormone 17β-estradiol, has the potential to influence hormone homeostasis and action. Detailed knowledge of xenobiotic biotransformation processes in cell models is key when transferring knowledge learned from in vitro models to in vivo relevance. This study elucidated the metabolism of two naturally-occurring phyto- and mycoestrogens; namely genistein and zearalenone, in an estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with the aid of stable isotope-assisted metabolomics and the bioinformatic tool MetExtract II. Metabolism was studied in a time course experiment after 2 h, 6 h and 24 h incubation. Twelve and six biotransformation products of zearalenone and genistein were detected, respectively, clearly demonstrating the abundant xenobiotic biotransformation capability of the cells. Zearalenone underwent extensive phase-I metabolism resulting in α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), a molecule known to possess a significantly higher estrogenicity, and several phase-II metabolites (sulfo- and glycoconjugates) of the native compound and the major phase I metabolite α-ZEL. Moreover, potential adducts of zearalenone with a vitamin and several hydroxylated metabolites were annotated. Genistein metabolism resulted in sulfation, combined sulfation and hydroxylation, acetylation, glucuronidation and unexpectedly adduct formation with pentose- and hexose sugars. Kinetics of metabolite formation and subsequent excretion into the extracellular medium revealed a time-dependent increase in most biotransformation products. The untargeted elucidation of biotransformation products formed during cell culture experiments enables an improved and more meaningful interpretation of toxicological assays and has the potential to identify unexpected or unknown metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Aichinger G, Del Favero G, Warth B, Marko D. Alternaria toxins-Still emerging? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4390-4406. [PMID: 34323368 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria molds are known to cause the contamination of food with their secondary metabolites, a chemically very heterogeneous group of compounds. Yet, after decades of research on the occurrence and the toxicity of Alternaria toxins in academia, no regulation has been implemented yet, thus leaving these potential food contaminants in the status of so-called "emerging mycotoxins". However, research on this topic has been far from static, leading to the European Food Safety Authority repeatedly calling for more data on the occurrence and toxicity of genotoxic metabolites such as alternariol (AOH) and its monomethyl ether (AME). To give an overview on recent developments in the field, this comprehensive review summarizes published data and addresses current challenges arising from the chemical complexity of Alternaria's metabolome, mixture effects and the emergence of novel biological targets like cell membranes or the interaction with different receptors. Besides toxicodynamics, we review recent research on toxicokinetics, including the first in vivo studies which incorporated the rarely investigated-but highly genotoxic-perylene quinones. Furthermore, a particular focus lies on the advances of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analytical tools for determining a broader spectrum of Alternaria toxins including modified/masked forms and assessing exposure via human biomonitoring (HBM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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25
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Brunmair J, Bileck A, Stimpfl T, Raible F, Del Favero G, Meier-Menches SM, Gerner C. Metabo-tip: a metabolomics platform for lifestyle monitoring supporting the development of novel strategies in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:141-153. [PMID: 34188726 PMCID: PMC8192631 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Exposure to bioactive compounds from nutrition, pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants or other lifestyle habits may affect the human organism. To gain insight into the effects of these influences, as well as the fundamental biochemical mechanisms behind them, individual molecular profiling seems to be a promising tool and may support the further development of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine. METHODS We developed an assay, called metabo-tip for the analysis of sweat, collected from fingertips, using mass spectrometry-by far the most comprehensive and sensitive method for such analyses. To evaluate this assay, we exposed volunteers to various xenobiotics using standardised protocols and investigated their metabolic response. RESULTS As early as 15 min after the consumption of a cup of coffee, 50 g of dark chocolate or a serving of citrus fruits, significant changes in the sweat composition of the fingertips were observed, providing relevant information in regard to the ingested substances. This included not only health-promoting bioactive compounds but also potential hazardous substances. Furthermore, the identification of metabolites from orally ingested medications such as metamizole indicated the applicability of this assay to observe specific enzymatic processes in a personalised fashion. Remarkably, we found that the sweat composition fluctuated in a diurnal rhythm, supporting the hypothesis that the composition of sweat can be influenced by endogenous metabolic activities. This was further corroborated by the finding that histamine was significantly increased in the metabo-tip assay in individuals with allergic reactions. CONCLUSION Metabo-tip analysis may have a large number of practical applications due to its analytical power, non-invasive character and the potential of frequent sampling, especially regarding the individualised monitoring of specific lifestyle and influencing factors. The extraordinarily rich individualised metabolomics data provided by metabo-tip offer direct access to individual metabolic activities and will thus support predictive preventive personalised medicine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00241-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brunmair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Del Favero G, Zeugswetter M, Kiss E, Marko D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Adaptation and Autophagic Competence Shape Response to Fluid Shear Stress in T24 Bladder Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647350. [PMID: 34012396 PMCID: PMC8126838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of xenobiotics and waste metabolites in the urinary bladder is constantly accompanied by shear stress originating from the movement of the luminal fluids. Hence, both chemical and physical cues constantly modulate the cellular response in health and disease. In line, bladder cells have to maintain elevated mechanosensory competence together with chemical stress response adaptation potential. However, much of the molecular mechanisms sustaining this plasticity is currently unknown. Taking this as a starting point, we investigated the response of T24 urinary bladder cancer cells to shear stress comparing morphology to functional performance. T24 cells responded to the shear stress protocol (flow speed of 0.03 ml/min, 3 h) by significantly increasing their surface area. When exposed to deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate (DON-3-Sulf), bladder cells increased this response in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-1 µM). DON-3-Sulf is a urinary metabolite of a very common food contaminant mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) and was already described to enhance proliferation of cancer cells. Incubation with DON-3-Sulf also caused the enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), decreased the lysosomal movement, and increased the formation of actin stress fibers. Similar remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum and area spread after shear stress were observed upon incubation with the autophagy activator rapamycin (1-100 nM). Performance of experiments in the presence of chloroquine (chloroquine, 30 μM) further contributed to shed light on the mechanistic link between adaptation to the biomechanical stimulation and ER stress response. At the molecular level, we observed that ER reshaping was linked to actin organization, with the two components mutually regulating each other. Indeed, we identified in the ER stress-cytoskeletal rearrangement an important axis defining the physical/chemical response potential of bladder cells and created a workflow for further investigation of urinary metabolites, food constituents, and contaminants, as well as for pharmacological profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeugswetter
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Meier‐Menches SM, Neuditschko B, Zappe K, Schaier M, Gerner MC, Schmetterer KG, Del Favero G, Bonsignore R, Cichna‐Markl M, Koellensperger G, Casini A, Gerner C. Cover Feature: An Organometallic Gold(I) Bis‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex with Multimodal Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cells (Chem. Eur. J. 67/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier‐Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Katja Zappe
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Schaier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marlene C. Gerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna Waehringer Guertel 18–20 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna Waehringer Guertel 18–20 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Margit Cichna‐Markl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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Meier‐Menches SM, Neuditschko B, Zappe K, Schaier M, Gerner MC, Schmetterer KG, Del Favero G, Bonsignore R, Cichna‐Markl M, Koellensperger G, Casini A, Gerner C. An Organometallic Gold(I) Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex with Multimodal Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2020; 26:15528-15537. [PMID: 32902006 PMCID: PMC7756355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The organometallic AuI bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complex [Au(9-methylcaffeine-8-ylidene)2 ]+ (AuTMX2 ) was previously shown to selectively and potently stabilise telomeric DNA G-quadruplex (G4) structures. This study sheds light on the molecular reactivity and mode of action of AuTMX2 in the cellular context using mass spectrometry-based methods, including shotgun proteomics in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. In contrast to other metal-based anticancer agents, this organogold compound is less prone to form coordinative bonds with biological nucleophiles and is expected to exert its drug effects mainly by non-covalent interactions. Global protein expression changes of treated cancer cells revealed a multimodal mode of action of AuTMX2 by alterations in the nucleolus, telomeres, actin stress-fibres and stress-responses, which were further supported by pharmacological assays, fluorescence microscopy and cellular accumulation experiments. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier‐Menches
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Katja Zappe
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Schaier
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Marlene C. Gerner
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18–201090ViennaAustria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18–201090ViennaAustria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
- Core Facility Multimodal ImagingFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Margit Cichna‐Markl
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
- Core Facility Multimodal ImagingFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
- Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaWaehringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
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Juère E, Del Favero G, Masse F, Marko D, Popat A, Florek J, Caillard R, Kleitz F. Gastro-protective protein-silica nanoparticles formulation for oral drug delivery: In vitro release, cytotoxicity and mitochondrial activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Integration of biophysical stimulation in test systems is established in diverse branches of biomedical sciences including toxicology. This is largely motivated by the need to create novel experimental setups capable of reproducing more closely in vivo physiological conditions. Indeed, we face the need to increase predictive power and experimental output, albeit reducing the use of animals in toxicity testing. In vivo, mechanical stimulation is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vitro, diverse strategies can be used to model this crucial component. The compliance of the extracellular matrix can be tuned by modifying the stiffness or through the deformation of substrates hosting the cells via static or dynamic strain. Moreover, cells can be cultivated under shear stress deriving from the movement of the extracellular fluids. In turn, introduction of physical cues in the cell culture environment modulates differentiation, functional properties, and metabolic competence, thus influencing cellular capability to cope with toxic insults. This review summarizes the state of the art of integration of biophysical stimuli in model systems for toxicity testing, discusses future challenges, and provides perspectives for the further advancement of in vitro cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- INM—Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien GmbH, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
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Gerner MC, Ziegler LS, Schmidt RLJ, Krenn M, Zimprich F, Uyanik-Ünal K, Konstantopoulou V, Derdak S, Del Favero G, Schwarzinger I, Boztug K, Schmetterer KG. The TGF-b/SOX4 axis and ROS-driven autophagy co-mediate CD39 expression in regulatory T-cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:8367-8384. [PMID: 32319705 PMCID: PMC7317981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidase CD39 on human regulatory T-cells (Treg) is an important immune regulator which is dysregulated in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunosuppression. We here define that CD39 expression on Treg is independent of the Treg-specific transcription factors FOXP3 and HELIOS and promoted by canonical TGF-b- and mTOR-signaling. Furthermore, the TGF-b mediated upregulation of CD39 is counteracted by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven autophagy. In line, CD39+ peripheral blood Treg constitute a distinct lineage with low autophagic flux and absent ROS production. Patients with rare genetic defects in autophagy show supraphysiological levels of CD39+ Treg, validating our observations in vivo. These biological processes rely on a distinct transcriptional program with CD39+ Treg expressing low levels of two genes with putative involvement in autophagy, NEFL and PLAC8. Furthermore, the TGF-b downstream transcription factor SOX4 is selectively upregulated in CD39+ Treg. Overexpression of SOX4 in Treg strongly increases CD39 expression, while Crispr/Cas9-mediated knockout of SOX4 in Treg has the opposing effect. Thus, we identify a crucial role of SOX4 in immune regulation and provide new insights involving the interplay of tolerogenic cues and autophagy in Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C Gerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liesa S Ziegler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf L J Schmidt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krenn
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Juère E, Caillard R, Marko D, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. Smart Protein-Based Formulation of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Toward Oral Delivery of Insulin. Chemistry 2020; 26:5195-5199. [PMID: 32057143 PMCID: PMC7217061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral insulin administration still represents a paramount quest that almost a century of continuous research attempts did not suffice to fulfill. Before pre-clinical development, oral insulin products have first to be optimized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, protection against proteolysis, and intestinal permeation ability. With the use of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) as an insulin host and together with a protein-based excipient, succinylated β-lactoglobulin (BL), pH-responsive tablets permitted the shielding of insulin from early release/degradation in the stomach and mediated insulin permeation across the intestinal cellular membrane. Following an original in vitro cellular assay based on insulin starvation, direct cellular fluorescent visualization has evidenced how DMSNs could ensure the intestinal cellular transport of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Juère
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Romain Caillard
- Aventus Innovations4820 rue de la Pascaline, Suite 230G6W 0L9Levis (QC)Canada
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 38–401090ViennaAustria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 38–401090ViennaAustria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
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Aichinger G, Lichtenberger FB, Steinhauer TN, Flörkemeier I, Del Favero G, Clement B, Marko D. The Aza-Analogous Benzo[ c]phenanthridine P8-D6 Acts as a Dual Topoisomerase I and II Poison, thus Exhibiting Potent Genotoxic Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071524. [PMID: 32230817 PMCID: PMC7180443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 was recently found to suppress the catalytic activity of both human topoisomerase (Topo) I and II. Concomitantly, potent cytotoxic activity was observed in different human tumor cell lines, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms in vitro. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether P8-D6 acts as a so-called Topo poison, stabilizing the covalent Topo-DNA intermediate, thus inducing fatal DNA strand breaks in proliferating cells. In HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, fluorescence imaging revealed P8-D6 to be taken up by the cells and to accumulate in the perinuclear region. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the compound is partially located inside the nuclei, thus reaching the potential target. In the "in vivo complex of enzyme" (ICE) bioassay, treatment of HT-29 cells with P8-D6 for 1 h significantly enhanced the proportion of Topo I and II covalently linked to the DNA in concentrations ≥1 µM, indicating effective dual Topo poisoning. Potentially resulting DNA damage was analyzed by single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet assay"). Already at 1 h of incubation, significant genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay in concentrations as low as 1 nM. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high Topo-poisoning and genotoxic potential of P8-D6 in human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Neuditschko B, Janker L, Niederstaetter L, Brunmair J, Krivanek K, Izraely S, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Keppler BK, Del Favero G, Witz IP, Gerner C. The Challenge of Classifying Metastatic Cell Properties by Molecular Profiling Exemplified with Cutaneous Melanoma Cells and Their Cerebral Metastasis from Patient Derived Mouse Xenografts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:478-489. [PMID: 31892524 PMCID: PMC7050108 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction of metastatic properties from molecular analyses still poses a major challenge. Here we aimed at the classification of metastasis-related cell properties by proteome profiling making use of cutaneous and brain-metastasizing variants from single melanomas sharing the same genetic ancestry. Previous experiments demonstrated that cultured cells derived from these xenografted variants maintain a stable phenotype associated with a differential metastatic behavior: The brain metastasizing variants produce more spontaneous micro-metastases than the corresponding cutaneous variants. Four corresponding pairs of cutaneous and metastatic cells were obtained from four individual patients, resulting in eight cell-lines presently investigated. Label free proteome profiling revealed significant differences between corresponding pairs of cutaneous and cerebellar metastases from the same patient. Indeed, each brain metastasizing variant expressed several apparently metastasis-associated proteomic alterations as compared with the corresponding cutaneous variant. Among the differentially expressed proteins we identified cell adhesion molecules, immune regulators, epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, stem cell markers, redox regulators and cytokines. Similar results were observed regarding eicosanoids, considered relevant for metastasis, such as PGE2 and 12-HETE. Multiparametric morphological analysis of cells also revealed no characteristic alterations associated with the cutaneous and brain metastasis variants. However, no correct classification regarding metastatic potential was yet possible with the present data. We thus concluded that molecular profiling is able to classify cells according to known functional categories but is not yet able to predict relevant cell properties emerging from networks consisting of many interconnected molecules. The presently observed broad diversity of molecular patterns, irrespective of restricting to one tumor type and two main classes of metastasis, highlights the important need to develop meta-analysis strategies to predict cell properties from molecular profiling data. Such base knowledge will greatly support future individualized precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | | | - Julia Brunmair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | - Katharina Krivanek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna; Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna.
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Del Favero G, Hohenbichler J, Mayer RM, Rychlik M, Marko D. Mycotoxin Altertoxin II Induces Lipid Peroxidation Connecting Mitochondrial Stress Response to NF-κB Inhibition in THP-1 Macrophages. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:492-504. [PMID: 32022557 PMCID: PMC7205407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to mycotoxins, even in subtoxic concentrations, might contribute to modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory cascades and ultimately have long-term consequences on our health. In line, there is an increasing need to describe and comprehend the potential immunomodulatory effects of toxins that can be produced from fungi proliferating even in a domestic environment like, for instance, Alternaria alternata. Taking this as a starting point, we investigated the effects of one of the most potent genotoxic compounds produced by this fungi type, namely altertoxin II (ATXII) on THP-1 macrophages. In noncytotoxic concentrations (0.1-1 μM), ATXII inhibited the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and this event was accompanied by significant mitochondrial superoxide production (1 μM ATXII). Both responses seemed dependent on membrane structure and morphology since they were modulated by the coincubation with the cholesterol complexing agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD, 10-50 μM). Moreover, toxicity of ATXII was enhanced by cholesterol load (cholesterol-MβCD). The mycotoxin induced also lipid peroxidation (1-10 μM, ATXII) possibly streaming down at the mitochondrial level and suppressing NF-κB activation in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straβe 38-40 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straβe 38-40 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Julia Hohenbichler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straβe 38-40 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Raphaela Maria Mayer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straβe 38-40 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straβe 38-40 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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36
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Costa JG, Vidovic B, Saraiva N, do Céu Costa M, Del Favero G, Marko D, Oliveira NG, Fernandes AS. Contaminants: a dark side of food supplements? Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1113-1135. [PMID: 31500469 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1636045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food supplements (FS) are often consumed as one of the strategies to fight ageing-associated pathologies, especially in the case of oxidative stress-related diseases. Despite the popularity of FS, some concerns about their quality and safety have been raised, especially regarding the presence of contaminants. This paper reviews and discusses the occurrence of contaminants in marketed samples of FS in the last two decades, considering both scientific literature and notifications registered on RASFF portal. The most relevant classes of contaminants were included namely metals, toxins, pesticides, dioxins and PCBs, as well as pharmacologically active ingredients. Variable amounts of contaminants were reported in a significant number of commercially available FS. Although the presence of contaminants does not necessarily mean that their levels exceed the regulatory limits or that the FS intake constitutes a risk to human health, it alerts for the need to further monitor FS safety. The evaluation of the risk associated to the consumption of FS, especially in the elderly population, is particularly challenging due to the frequent exposure to multiple toxicants and to different exposure sources, as well as due to possible pre-existing diseases and respective therapeutics. Therefore, improved quality control procedures and monitoring programs should be pursued in order to avoid undesirable products and assure the safety of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
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37
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Gerner MC, Niederstaetter L, Ziegler L, Bileck A, Slany A, Janker L, Schmidt RLJ, Gerner C, Del Favero G, Schmetterer KG. Proteome Analysis Reveals Distinct Mitochondrial Functions Linked to Interferon Response Patterns in Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31354474 PMCID: PMC6635586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While genetic traits and epigenetic modifications mainly encode cell type-specific effector functions, the eventual outcome is also prone to modulation by post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. T cells are a powerful model for the investigation of such modulatory effects, as common precursor cells may differentiate either to helper CD4+ T cells or cytotoxic CD8+ cells, which elicit distinct functionalities upon TCR-stimulation. Human primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified from three individual donors and activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Associated proteome alterations were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a label-free shotgun approach. Metabolic activation was indicated by upregulation of enzymes related to glycolysis, NADH production, fatty acid synthesis, and uptake as well as amino acid and iron uptake. Besides various inflammatory effector molecules, the mitochondrial proteins CLUH, TFAM, and TOMM34 were found specifically induced in CD4+ T cells. Investigation of overrepresented conserved transcription binding sites by the oPOSSUM software suggested interferon type I inducer IRF1 to cause many of the observed proteome alterations in CD4+ T cells. RT qPCR demonstrated the specific induction of IRF1 in CD4+ T cells only. While the interferon regulatory factor IRF4 was found induced in both T cell subtypes at protein and mRNA level, IRF9 and the type I interferon-induced proteins IFIT1, IFIT3, and MX1 were only found induced in CD4+ T cells. As oxidative stress enhances mitochondrial DNA-dependent type I interferon responses, the present data suggested that mitochondrial activities regulate those cell type-specific signaling pathways. Indeed, we detected mitochondrial superoxide formation predominantly in CD4+ T cells via FACS analysis with MitoSOX™ and confirmed this observation by live cell imaging with confocal microscopy. As interferon signaling regulates important features such as resistance regarding immune checkpoint blockade therapy, the present data may identify potential new targets for the efficient control of highly relevant immune cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C Gerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Niederstaetter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liesa Ziegler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf L J Schmidt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Wernitznig D, Kiakos K, Del Favero G, Harrer N, Machat H, Osswald A, Jakupec MA, Wernitznig A, Sommergruber W, Keppler BK. First-in-class ruthenium anticancer drug (KP1339/IT-139) induces an immunogenic cell death signature in colorectal spheroids in vitro. Metallomics 2019; 11:1044-1048. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ICD enhances antigenicity from dying cancer cells, which leads to antitumor immunity. We show for the first time that a ruthenium-complex induces the ICD signature in a 3D model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Wernitznig
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Konstantinos Kiakos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | | | | | | | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | | | | | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
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39
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Del Favero G, Bialas F, Grabher S, Wittig A, Bräuer B, Gerthsen D, Echalier C, Kamalov M, Marko D, Becker CFW. Silica particles with a quercetin–R5 peptide conjugate are taken up into HT-29 cells and translocate into the nucleus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9649-9652. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Particles generated by biomimetic silica precipitation with a quercetin–R5 peptide enter the nucleus of HT-29 cells without inducing toxicity.
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Del Favero G, Woelflingseder L, Braun D, Puntscher H, Kütt ML, Dellafiora L, Warth B, Pahlke G, Dall’Asta C, Adam G, Marko D. Response of intestinal HT-29 cells to the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its sulfated conjugates. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:424-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Del Favero G, Zaharescu R, Marko D. Functional impairment triggered by altertoxin II (ATXII) in intestinal cells in vitro: cross-talk between cytotoxicity and mechanotransduction. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3535-3547. [PMID: 30276433 PMCID: PMC6290659 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cells are able to continuously integrate response to multiple stimuli/stressors; these include the concomitant activation of “chemically driven” pathways, of paramount importance in the response to toxicants, as well as physical stimulation derived from motility. Altertoxin II (ATXII, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM), a mycotoxin produced by the food contaminant fungus Alternaria alternata was studied in HT-29 intestinal adenocarcinoma cells and in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells, HCEC. One-hour incubation with ATXII was sufficient to trigger irreversible cytotoxicity in both cell types, as well as to modify cellular responses to concomitant pro-oxidant challenge (H2O2, 100–500 µM, DCF-DA assay) suggesting that even relatively short-time exposure of the intestinal cells could be sufficient to alter their functionality. Combination of ATXII (1 µM) with physical stimulation typical of the intestinal compartment (shear stress) revealed differential response of tumor-derived epithelial cells HT-29 in comparison to HCEC, in particular in the localization of the transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2). Moreover, ATXII reduced the migratory potential of HCEC as well as their membrane fluidity, but had no respective impact on HT-29 cells. Taken together, ATXII appeared to alter predominantly membrane functionality in HCEC thus hampering crucial functions for cellular motility/turnover, as well as barrier function of healthy intestinal cells and had very limited activity on the tumor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronita Zaharescu
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Woelflingseder L, Del Favero G, Blažević T, Heiss EH, Haider M, Warth B, Adam G, Marko D. Impact of glutathione modulation on the toxicity of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), NX-3 and butenolide in human liver cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:104-117. [PMID: 30244016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DON, NX-3 and butenolide (BUT) are secondary metabolites formed by Fusarium graminearum. Evidence for formation of DON-glutathione adducts exists in plants, and also in human liver (HepG2) cells mass spectrometric evidence for GSH-adduct formation was reported. NX-3 is a DON derivative lacking structural features for Thiol-Michael addition, while BUT has the structural requirements (conjugated double bond and keto group). In the present study, we addressed whether these structural differences affect levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells, and if intracellular GSH levels influence toxic effects induced by DON, NX-3 and BUT. Pre-treatment with an inhibitor of GSH bio-synthesis, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, aggravated substantially BUT-induced cytotoxicity (≥50 μM, 24 h), but only marginally affected the cytotoxicity of DON and NX-3 indicating that GSH-mediated detoxification is of minor importance in HepG2 cells. We further investigated whether BUT, a compound inducing alone low oral toxicity, might affect the toxicity of DON. Under different experimental designs with respect to pre- and/or co-incubations, BUT was found to contribute to the combinatorial cytotoxicity, exceeding the toxic effect of DON alone. The observed combinatorial effects underline the potential contribution of secondary metabolites like BUT, considered to be alone of low toxicological relevance, to the toxicity of DON or structurally related trichothecenes, arguing for further studies on the toxicological relevance of naturally occurring mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Woelflingseder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tina Blažević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Haider
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Del Favero G, Woelflingseder L, Janker L, Neuditschko B, Seriani S, Gallina P, Sbaizero O, Gerner C, Marko D. Deoxynivalenol induces structural alterations in epidermoid carcinoma cells A431 and impairs the response to biomechanical stimulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11351. [PMID: 30054545 PMCID: PMC6063857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology together with the capability to respond to surrounding stimuli are key elements governing the spatial interaction of living cells with the environment. In this respect, biomechanical stimulation can trigger significant physiological cascades that can potentially modulate toxicity. Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and it was used to explore the delicate interaction between biomechanical stimulation and cytotoxicity in A431 cells. In fact, in addition of being a food contaminant, DON is a relevant toxin for several organ systems. The combination between biomechanical stimulation and the mycotoxin revealed how DON can impair crucial functions affecting cellular morphology, tubulin and lysosomes at concentrations even below those known to be cytotoxic in routine toxicity studies. Sub-toxic concentrations of DON (0.1-1 μM) impaired the capability of A431 cells to respond to a biomechanical stimulation that normally sustains trophic effects in these cells. Moreover, the effects of DON (0.1-10 μM) were partially modulated by the application of uniaxial stretching (0.5 Hz, 24 h, 15% deformation). Ultimately, proteomic analysis revealed the potential of DON to alter several proteins necessary for cell adhesion and cytoskeletal modulation suggesting a molecular link between biomechanics and the cytotoxic potential of the mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Seriani
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Robotik und Mechatronik Zentrum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Paolo Gallina
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Miklosi AG, Del Favero G, Marko D, Harkany T, Lubec G. Resolution Matters: Correlating Quantitative Proteomics and Nanoscale-Precision Microscopy for Reconstructing Synapse Identity. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800139. [PMID: 29932496 PMCID: PMC6099515 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, the precision at which any protein (or RNA) could be localized in living cells depends on the spatial resolution of microscopy. Light microscopy, even recently benchmarked laser-scanning microscopy, is inherently liable to the diffraction limit of visible light. Electron microscopy that had existed as the only alternative for decades is, in turn, of low throughput and sensitive to processing artefacts. Therefore, researchers have looked for alternative technologies particularly with ever-growing interest in resolving structural underpinnings of cellular heterogeneity in the human body. Computational ("in silico") predictions provided only partial solutions given the incompleteness of existing databases and erroneous assumptions on evolutionarily conserved sequence homology across species. A breakthrough that facilitates subcellular protein localization came with the introduction of "super-resolution" microscopy, which yields 20-60 nm resolution by overcoming diffraction-limited technologies. The ensuing combination of "super-resolution" microscopy with unbiased proteomics continues to produce never-before-seen gains by quantitatively addressing the distribution, interaction, turnover, and secretion of proteins in living cells. Here, we illustrate the power of this combined work flow by the example of transmembrane receptor localization at the neuronal synapse. We also discuss how dynamic analysis allows for inferences be made for cellular physiology and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Gabor Miklosi
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaA‐1090,Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaA‐1090Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaA‐1090Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaA‐1090,Austria
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSE‐17177StockholmSweden
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroproteomics LaboratoryParacelsus Medical UniversityA‐5020SalzburgAustria
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45
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Wernitznig D, Favero GD, Kiakos K, Harrer N, Machat H, Marko D, Jakupec M, Sommergruber W, Keppler BK. Abstract 4395: KP-1339 (IT-139) induces the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death in a colon cancer 3D model in vitro. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs exert their activity by directly killing tumor cells through a variety of cellular targets eventually leading to apoptosis. Apoptosis is regarded as non-inflammatory and non-immunogenic, however, recent data confirm that the induction of damage-associated molecular patterns by dying cancer cells treated with certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin, lead to their recognition by the immune system, and result in dendritic cell maturation and immune responses, a mechanism described as Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD). The main hallmarks of ICD are: Calreticulin (CRT) exposure on the cell membrane and release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and ATP from dying cells. We have recently shown that the mode of action of KP-1339, a clinically investigated ruthenium-based metal complex, involves the enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the induction of apoptosis-like events. We next investigated the ability of KP-1339 to trigger ICD. There is currently no reliable method to study ICD in vitro, and therefore we aimed at a more suitable model that better mimics the tumor microenvironment in comparison to 2D monolayer cultures. For this reason, ICD was assessed in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 3D multicellular spheroids in vitro. We demonstrate that spheroids treated with KP-1339 activate the PERK/Phospho-eIF-2alpha pathway of the ERS, a prerequisite for CRT exposure on the cell membrane. HMGB1 protein levels decrease considerably during a 72 hours drug treatment, as shown by Immunoblotting, suggesting the depletion of the protein. Additionally, treated spheroids released significantly more ATP than untreated controls. Immunofluorescence of cryosections of KP-1339 treated spheroids stained for CRT and HMGB1 confirmed the above observations and, clearly showed the translocation of CRT to the cell membrane.
In conclusion, we have established a 3D tumor spheroid model as an alternative to the 2D monolayer cultures to study ICD in vitro. This model more closely resembles the tumor microenvironment and recapitulates relevant aspects of the in vivo situation. We successfully employed this model to demonstrate that the clinically investigated compound KP-1339 triggers the main hallmarks of ICD, which suggests enhanced induction anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
Citation Format: Debora Wernitznig, Giorgia Del Favero, Konstantinos Kiakos, Nathalie Harrer, Herwig Machat, Doris Marko, Michael Jakupec, Wolfgang Sommergruber, Bernhard K. Keppler. KP-1339 (IT-139) induces the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death in a colon cancer 3D model in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4395.
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Dellafiora L, Warth B, Schmidt V, Del Favero G, Mikula H, Fröhlich J, Marko D. An integrated in silico/in vitro approach to assess the xenoestrogenic potential of Alternaria mycotoxins and metabolites. Food Chem 2017; 248:253-261. [PMID: 29329852 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Xenoestrogenic mycotoxins may contaminate food and feed posing a public health issue. Besides the zearalenone group, the Alternaria toxin alternariol (AOH) has been described as a potential mycoestrogen. However, the estrogenicity of Alternaria toxins is still largely overlooked and further data are needed to better describe the group toxicity. In the frame of risk assessment, mixed in silico/in vitro approaches already proved to be effective first-line analytical tools. An integrated in silico/in vitro approach was used to investigate the effects of metabolic and chemical modifications on the estrogenicity of AOH. Among the considered modifications, methylation was found critical for enhancing estrogenicity (as seen for alternariol monomethyl ether (AME)) while hydroxylation and glucuronidation had the opposite effect (as seen for 4-hydroxy AOH and 4-hydroxy AME). The structure-activity relationship analysis provided the structural rationale. Our results provide insights to design more efficient risk assessment studies expanding knowledge over the group toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Schmidt
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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47
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Del Favero G, Marko D. Morphological and functional response of intestinal cells to shear stress. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Lanzicher T, Martinelli V, Long CS, Del Favero G, Puzzi L, Borelli M, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Sbaizero O. AFM single-cell force spectroscopy links altered nuclear and cytoskeletal mechanics to defective cell adhesion in cardiac myocytes with a nuclear lamin mutation. Nucleus 2016; 6:394-407. [PMID: 26309016 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1084453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations suggested that lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations, which cause a variety of human diseases including muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies, alter the nuclear mechanical properties. We hypothesized that biomechanical changes may extend beyond the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lanzicher
- a Department of Engineering and Architecture ; University of Trieste ; Trieste Italy
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- a Department of Engineering and Architecture ; University of Trieste ; Trieste Italy.,b International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ; Trieste Italy
| | - Carlin S Long
- c Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics; University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus ; CO USA
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- d Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology ; University of Vienna ; Waehringer Str. 38A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Luca Puzzi
- a Department of Engineering and Architecture ; University of Trieste ; Trieste Italy
| | - Massimo Borelli
- e Department of Life Sciences ; University of Trieste ; Trieste Italy
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- c Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics; University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus ; CO USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- c Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics; University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus ; CO USA
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- a Department of Engineering and Architecture ; University of Trieste ; Trieste Italy.,c Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics; University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus ; CO USA
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Jarolim K, Del Favero G, Ellmer D, Stark TD, Hofmann T, Sulyok M, Humpf HU, Marko D. Dual effectiveness of Alternaria but not Fusarium mycotoxins against human topoisomerase II and bacterial gyrase. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2007-2016. [PMID: 27682608 PMCID: PMC5364253 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type II DNA-topoisomerases (topo II) play a crucial role in the maintenance of DNA topology. Previously, fungi of the Alternaria genus were found to produce mycotoxins that target human topo II. These results implied the question why a fungus should produce secondary metabolites that target a human enzyme. In the current work, the homology between human topo II and its bacterial equivalent, gyrase, served as basis to study a potential dual inhibition of both enzymes by mycotoxins. A total of 15 secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium were assessed for their impact on topo II of human and bacterial origin in the decatenation and the supercoiling assay, respectively. In line with the theory of dual topo II inhibition, six of the tested Alternaria mycotoxins were active against both enzymes, the dibenzo-α-pyrones alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), as well as the perylene-quinones altertoxin I (ATX I) and II (ATX II), alterperylenol (ALP) and stemphyltoxin III (STTX III). The Alternaria metabolites altersetin (ALN), macrosporin (MAC), altenusine (ALS) and pyrenophorol (PYR) impaired the function of human topo II, but did not show any effect on gyrase. The potency to inhibit topo II activity declined in the row STTX III (initial inhibitory concentration 10 µM) > AOH (25 µM) = AME (25 µM) = ALS (25 µM) = ATX II (25 µM) > ALN (50 µM) = ATX I (50 µM) > ALP (75 µM) = PYR (75 µM) > MAC (150 µM). Inhibition of gyrase activity was most pronounced for AOH and AME (initial inhibitory concentration 10 µM) followed by ATX II (25 µM) > ATX I = ALP = STTX III (50 µM). In contrast, none of the investigated Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1, fusarin C and moniliformin, as well as the Alternaria metabolite tentoxin, had any impact on the activity of neither human nor bacterial topo II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jarolim
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Ellmer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Warth B, Del Favero G, Wiesenberger G, Puntscher H, Woelflingseder L, Fruhmann P, Sarkanj B, Krska R, Schuhmacher R, Adam G, Marko D. Identification of a novel human deoxynivalenol metabolite enhancing proliferation of intestinal and urinary bladder cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33854. [PMID: 27659167 PMCID: PMC5034337 DOI: 10.1038/srep33854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is an abundant contaminant of cereal based food and a severe issue for global food safety. We report the discovery of DON-3-sulfate as a novel human metabolite and potential new biomarker of DON exposure. The conjugate was detectable in 70% of urine samples obtained from pregnant women in Croatia. For the measurement of urinary metabolites, a highly sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated. The method was also used to investigate samples from a duplicate diet survey for studying the toxicokinetics of DON-3-sulfate. To get a preliminary insight into the biological relevance of the newly discovered DON-sulfates, in vitroexperiments were performed. In contrast to DON, sulfate conjugates lacked potency to suppress protein translation. However, surprisingly we found that DON-sulfates enhanced proliferation of human HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, primary human colon epithelial cells (HCEC-1CT) and, to some extent, also T24 bladder cancer cells. A proliferative stimulus, especially in tumorigenic cells raises concern on the potential impact of DON-sulfates on consumer health. Thus, a further characterization of their toxicological relevance should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Wiesenberger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Fruhmann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bojan Sarkanj
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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