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Jebashalomi V, Emmanuel Charles P, Rajaram R. Microbial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene using Bacillus cereus (OR268710) isolated from plastic-polluted tropical coastal environment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171580. [PMID: 38462004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The study focused on marine bacteria, specifically Bacillus cereus, sourced from heavily polluted coastal areas in Tamil Nadu, aiming to assess their efficacy in degrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene over a 42-day period. When LDPE and polystyrene films were incubated with Bacillus cereus, they exhibited maximum weight losses of 4.13 ± 0.81 % and 14.13 ± 2.41 %, respectively. Notably, polystyrene exhibited a higher reduction rate (0.0036 day-1) and a shorter half-life (195.29 days). SEM images of the treated LDPE and polystyrene unveiled surface erosion with cracks. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed elevated carbon content and the presence of oxygen in the treated LDPE and polystyrene films. The ATR-FTIR spectra exhibited distinctive peaks corresponding to functional groups, with observable peak shifts in the treated films. Notable increases were detected in carbonyl, internal double bond, and vinyl indices across all treated groups. Additionally, both treated LDPE and polystyrene showed reduced crystallinity. This research sheds light on Bacillus cereus (OR268710) biodegradation capabilities, emphasizing its potential for eco-friendly waste management in coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vethanayaham Jebashalomi
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajendran Rajaram
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chauhan PK, Pathak HK, Dubey G, Sharma H, Upadhyay SK. Impact of Bacillus cereus SPB-10 on Growth Promotion of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Arsenic-Contaminated Soil. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:153. [PMID: 38652152 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of bacteria on arsenic reduction in wheat plants, highlighting the potential of microbe-based eco-friendly strategies for plant growth. In the present study, bacterial isolate SPB-10 was survived at high concentration against both form of arsenic (As3+ and As5+). SPB-10 produced 5.2 g/L and 11.3 g/L of exo-polysaccharide at 20 ppm of As3+ and As5+, respectively, whereas qualitative examination revealed the highest siderophores ability. Other PGP attributes such as IAA production were recorded 52.12 mg/L and 95.82 mg/L, phosphate solubilization was 90.23 mg/L and 129 mg/L at 20 ppm of As3+ and As5+, respectively. Significant amount of CAT, APX, and Proline was also observed at 20 ppm of As3+ and As5+ in SPB-10. Isolate SPB-10 was molecularly identified as Bacillus cereus through 16S rRNA sequencing. After 42 days, wheat plants inoculated with SPB-10 had a 25% increase in shoot length and dry weight, and 26% rise in chlorophyll-a pigment under As5+ supplemented T4 treatment than control. Reducing sugar content was increased by 24% in T6-treated plants compared to control. Additionally, SPB-10 enhanced the content of essential nutrients (NPK), CAT, and APX in plant's-leaf under both As3+ and As5+ stressed conditions after 42 days. The study found that arsenic uptake in plant roots and shoots decreased in SPB-10-inoculated plants, with the maximum reduction observed in As5+ treated plants. Bio-concentration factor-BCF was reduced by 90.89% in SPB-10-inoculated treatment T4 after 42 days. This suggests that Bacillus cereus-SPB-10 may be beneficial for plant growth in arsenic-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Himanshu K Pathak
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Gopal Dubey
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Hritik Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India.
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Wang J, Bao F, Wei H, Zhang Y. Screening of cellulose-degrading bacteria and optimization of cellulase production from Bacillus cereus A49 through response surface methodology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7755. [PMID: 38565929 PMCID: PMC10987593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-degrading microorganisms hold immense significance in utilizing cellulose resources efficiently. The screening of natural cellulase bacteria and the optimization of fermentation conditions are the hot spots of research. This study meticulously screened cellulose-degrading bacteria from mixed soil samples adopting a multi-step approach, encompassing preliminary culture medium screening, Congo red medium-based re-screening, and quantification of cellulase activity across various strains. Particularly, three robust cellulase-producing strains were identified: A24 (MT740356.1 Brevibacillus borstelensis), A49 (MT740358.1 Bacillus cereus), and A61 (MT740357.1 Paenibacillus sp.). For subsequent cultivation experiments, the growth curves of the three obtained isolates were monitored diligently. Additionally, optimal CMCase production conditions were determined, keeping CMCase activity as a key metric, through a series of single-factor experiments: agitation speed, cultivation temperature, unit medium concentration, and inoculum volume. Maximum CMCase production was observed at 150 rpm/37 °C, doubling the unit medium addition, and a 5 mL inoculation volume. Further optimization was conducted using the selected isolate A49 employing response surface methodology. The software model recommended a 2.21fold unit medium addition, 36.11 °C temperature, and 4.91 mL inoculant volume for optimal CMCase production. Consequently, three parallel experiments were conducted based on predicted conditions consistently yielding an average CMCase production activity of 15.63 U/mL, closely aligning with the predicted value of 16.41 U/mL. These findings validated the reliability of the model and demonstrated the effectiveness of optimized CMCase production conditions for isolate A49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fei Bao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixian Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
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Xiang X, Xie Y, Tian D, Chen Z, Yi X, Chen Z, Huang M. Microbial degradation mechanism and pathway of the insecticide thiamethoxam by isolated Bacillus Cereus from activated sludge. Environ Res 2024; 246:117929. [PMID: 38157972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The high water solubility and ecotoxicity of thiamethoxam (TMX) is a potential hazard to ecosystems and human health. Here, a strain of Bacillus cereus with high TMX degradation activity was isolated from the sediment of the A2O process in the wastewater treatment plant and was able to utilize TMX as its sole carbon source. Under different environmental conditions, the degradation efficiency of TMX by Bacillus cereus-S1 (strain S1) ranged from 41.0% to 68.9% after 216 h. The optimum degradation conditions were DO = 3.5 mg/L and pH 9.0. The addition of an appropriate carbon-to-nitrogen ratio could accelerate the degradation of TMX. A plausible biodegradation pathway has been proposed based on the identified metabolites and their corresponding degradation pathways. TMX can be directly converted into Clothianidin (CLO), TMX-dm-hydroxyl and TMX-Urea by a series of reactions such as demethylation, oxadiazine ring cleavage and C=N substitution by hydroxy group. The main products were TMX-dm-hydroxyl and TMX-Urea, the amount of CLO production is relatively small. This study aims to provide a new approach for efficient degradation of TMX; furthermore, strain S1 is a promising biological source for in situ remediation of TMX contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Xiang
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China
| | - Yue Xie
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China
| | - Di Tian
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China
| | - Minzhi Huang
- SCNU (NAN'AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Huashi(Fujian) Environment Technology Co.,Ltd, Quanzhou, 362001, China; Nan'an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research, Quanzhou 362300, China.
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Leonardo Silvestre H, Asensio JL, Blundell TL, Bastida A, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Functional and structural characterisation of RimL from Bacillus cereus, a new N α-acetyltransferase of ribosomal proteins that was wrongly assigned as an aminoglycosyltransferase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130348. [PMID: 38395274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes of the GNAT (GCN5-relate N-acetyltransferases) superfamily are important regulators of cell growth and development. They are functionally diverse and share low amino acid sequence identity, making functional annotation difficult. In this study, we report the function and structure of a new ribosomal enzyme, Nα-acetyl transferase from Bacillus cereus (RimLBC), a protein that was previously wrongly annotated as an aminoglycosyltransferase. Firstly, extensive comparative amino acid sequence analyses suggested RimLBC belongs to a cluster of proteins mediating acetylation of the ribosomal protein L7/L12. To assess if this was the case, several well established substrates of aminoglycosyltransferases were screened. The results of these studies did not support an aminoglycoside acetylating function for RimLBC. To gain further insight into RimLBC biological role, a series of studies that included MALDI-TOF, isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR, X-ray protein crystallography, and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed RimLBC affinity for Acetyl-CoA and that the ribosomal protein L7/L12 is a substrate of RimLBC. Last, we advance a mechanistic model of RimLBC mode of recognition of its protein substrates. Taken together, our studies confirmed RimLBC as a new ribosomal Nα-acetyltransferase and provide structural and functional insights into substrate recognition by Nα-acetyltransferases and protein acetylation in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leonardo Silvestre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - J L Asensio
- Departamento de Química Bio-orgánica, IQOG, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - T L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - A Bastida
- Departamento de Química Bio-orgánica, IQOG, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - V M Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.
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Jeyavani J, Al-Ghanim KA, Govindarajan M, Nicoletti M, Malafaia G, Vaseeharan B. Bacterial screening in Indian coastal regions for efficient polypropylene microplastics biodegradation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170499. [PMID: 38296101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Polypropylene based medical devices significantly increased production and usage in COVID-19 pandemic states, and this material is very resilient in the environment. Thus, more than ever, rapid action is needed to reduce this pollution. This study focuses on the degradation of polypropylene microplastics (PP MPs) by unique marine bacterial strains obtained from the Thoundi (Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus cereus, Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Brucella pseudintermedia) and Rameshwaram coasts (Bacillus cereus). Those above five bacterial strains were chosen after preliminary screening of their hydrophobicity, biofilm-forming capabilities, and responsiveness to the zone of clearance technique. During the biodegradation process (28 days), the growth, metabolic activity, and viability of these five isolates were all raised. After the post-biodegradation process, the weight loss percentages of the mentioned bacterial strains treated with PP MPs gradually decreased, with values of 51.5 ± 0.5 %, 47.5 ± 0.5 %, 33 ± 1 %, 28.5 ± 0.5 and 35.5 ± 0.5 %, respectively. UV-Vis DRS and SEM analysis confirmed that bacterial strains adhering to MPs cause cracks and cavities on their surface. The degradation of PP MPs can be inferred from alterations in the FT-IR spectrum, specifically in the carbonyl group range of 1100-1700 cm-1, as well as changes in the 1H NMR spectrum, including chemical shift and proton peak pattern alterations. Bacterial strains facilitated the degradation of PP MPs through the secretion of hydrolase-categorized enzymes of protease, lipase, and esterase. The findings of this study indicate that marine bacteria may possess distinctive characteristics that facilitate the degradation of plastic waste and contribute to environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj Jeyavani
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhao C, Wang L, Wen S, Shi B, Zhu L, Wang J, Kim YM, Wang J. Rhizosphere bacteria G-H27 significantly promoted the degradation of chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:169838. [PMID: 38232838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial remediation of polluted environments is the most promising and significant research direction in the field of bioremediation. In this study, chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate were selected as representative organophosphorus pesticides, wheat was the tested plant, and fluorescently labeled degrading Bacillus cereus G-H27 were the film-forming bacteria. Exogenous strengthening technology was used to establish degrading bacterial biofilms on the root surface of wheat. The influence of root surface-degrading bacterial biofilms on the enrichment of chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate in wheat was comprehensively evaluated. First, the fluorescently-labeled degrading bacteria G-H27 was constructed, and its film-forming ability was investigated. Second, the growth- promoting characteristics and degradation ability of the bacteria G-H27 were investigated. Finally, the degradation effect of the root surface-degrading bacterial biofilm on chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate was determined. The above research provides an important material basis and method for the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengfang Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihui Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Barla RJ, Raghuvanshi S, Gupta S. Reforming CO 2 bio-mitigation utilizing Bacillus cereus from hypersaline realms in pilot-scale bubble column bioreactor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6354. [PMID: 38491100 PMCID: PMC10943127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The bubble column reactor of 10 and 20 L capacity was designed to bio-mitigate 10% CO2 (g) with 90% air utilizing thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus cereus SSLMC2). The maximum biomass yield during the growth phase was obtained as 9.14 and 10.78 g L-1 for 10 and 20 L capacity, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for CO2 (g) was obtained as 56% and 85% for the 10 and 20 L reactors, respectively. The FT-IR and GC-MS examination of the extracellular and intracellular samples identified value-added products such as carboxylic acid, fatty alcohols, and hydrocarbons produced during the process. The total carbon balance for CO2 utilization in different forms confirmed that B. cereus SSLMC2 utilized 1646.54 g C in 10 L and 1587 g of C in 20 L reactor out of 1696.13 g of total carbon feed. The techno-economic assessment established that the capital investment required was $286.21 and $289.08 per reactor run of 11 days and $0.167 and $0.187 per gram of carbon treated for 10 and 20 L reactors, respectively. The possible mechanism pathways for bio-mitigating CO2 (g) by B. cereus SSLMC2 were also presented utilizing the energy reactions. Hence, the work presents the novelty of utilizing thermophilic bacteria and a bubble column bioreactor for CO2 (g) bio-mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J Barla
- Faculty Division-1, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), BITS PILANI, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smita Raghuvanshi
- Faculty Division-1, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), BITS PILANI, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suresh Gupta
- Faculty Division-1, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), BITS PILANI, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Xiao X, Lang D, Yong J, Zhang X. Bacillus cereus G2 alleviate salt stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. by balancing the downstream branches of phenylpropanoids and activating flavonoid biosynthesis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116129. [PMID: 38430580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
The salinity environment is one of the biggest threats to Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G. uralensis) growth, resulting from the oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flavonoids are the main pharmacodynamic composition and help maintain ROS homeostasis and mitigate oxidative damage in G. uralensis in the salinity environment. To investigate whether endophytic Bacillus cereus G2 can improve the salt-tolerance of G. uralensis through controlling flavonoid biosynthesis, the transcriptomic and physiological analysis of G. uralensis treated by G2 in the saline environment was conducted, focused on flavonoid biosynthesis-related pathways. Results uncovered that salinity inhibited flavonoids synthesis by decreasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) (42% and 39%, respectively) due to down-regulated gene Glyur000910s00020578 at substrate level, and then decreasing the activities of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and chalcone synthase (CHS) activities (50% and 42%, respectively) due to down-regulated genes Glyur006062s00044203 and Glyur000051s00003431, further decreasing isoliquiritigenin content by 53%. However, salt stress increased liquiritin content by 43%, which might be a protective mechanism of salt-treated G. uralensis seedlings. Interestingly, G2 enhanced PAL activity by 27% whereas reduced trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H) activity by 43% which could inhibit lignin biosynthesis but promote flavonoid biosynthesis of salt-treated G. uralensis at the substrate level. G2 decreased shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) activity by 35%, increased CHS activity by 54% through up-regulating the gene Glyur000051s00003431 encoding CHS, and increased CHI activity by 72%, thereby decreasing lignin (34%) and liquiritin (24%) content, but increasing isoliquiritigenin content (35%), which could mitigate oxidative damage and changed salt-tolerance mechanism of G. uralensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jingjiao Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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10
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Dhondge HV, Barvkar VT, Dastager SG, Dharne MS, Rajput V, Pable AA, Henry RJ, Nadaf AB. Genome sequencing and protein modeling unraveled the 2AP biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus DB25. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110600. [PMID: 38281435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is an important and major flavor aroma compound responsible for the fragrance of basmati rice, cheese, wine, and several other food products. Biosynthesis of 2AP in aromatic rice and a few other plant species is associated with a recessive Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) gene. However, the literature is scant on the relationship between the functional BADH2 gene and 2AP biosynthesis in prokaryotic systems. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the functionality of the BADH2 gene for 2AP biosynthesis in 2AP synthesizing rice rhizobacterial isolate Bacillus cereus DB25 isolated from the rhizosphere of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Full-length BcBADH2 sequence was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) and further confirmed through traditional PCR and Sanger sequencing. Then the functionality of the BcBADH2 gene was evaluated in-silico through bioinformatics analysis and protein docking studies and further experimentally validated through enzyme assay. The sequencing and bioinformatics analysis results revealed a full-length 1485 bp BcBADH2 coding sequence without any deletion or premature stop codons. Full-length BcBADH2 was found to encode a fully functional protein of 54.08 kDa with pI of 5.22 and showed the presence of the conserved amino acids responsible for enzyme activity. The docking studies confirmed a good affinity between the protein and its substrate whereas the presence of BcBADH2 enzyme activity confirmed the functionality of BADH2 enzyme in B. cereus DB25. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that B. cereus DB25 is able to synthesize 2AP despite a functional BADH2 gene and there may be a different molecular mechanism responsible for 2AP biosynthesis in bacterial systems, unlike that found in aromatic rice and other eukaryotic plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal V Dhondge
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India.
| | - Syed G Dastager
- NCIM Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahesh S Dharne
- NCIM Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vinay Rajput
- NCIM Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411 008, India
| | - Anupama A Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Altafhusain B Nadaf
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India.
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11
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Huo Y, Kong L, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Du K, Xu S, Yan X, Ma J, Wei T. Structural and biochemical insights into the mechanism of the Gabija bacterial immunity system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:836. [PMID: 38282040 PMCID: PMC10822852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gabija system is a newly discovered bacterial immune system that consists of GajA and GajB. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the Gabija complex from Bacillus cereus VD045 at 3.6 Å, which provides the direct evidence of interactions between GajA and GajB. The Gabija complex is an octameric ring structure with four GajA and four GajB. GajA is an OLD nucleases family protein, while GajB belongs to the SF1 helicases. The Gabija complex has sequence-specific DNA nuclease activity and prefers circular rather than linear DNA as substrate, its activity is more sensitive to concentrations change of nucleotides compared to GajA alone. Our data suggest a mechanism of Gabija immunity: the nuclease activity of Gabija complex is inhibited under physiological conditions, while it is activated by depletion of NTP and dNTP upon the replication and transcription of invading phages and cleave the circular DNA to prevent phage DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lingfei Kong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sunyuntao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke Innovation Center, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China.
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Huang Y, Yang L, Pan K, Yang Z, Yang H, Liu J, Zhong G, Lu Q. Heavy metal-tolerant bacteria Bacillus cereus BCS1 degrades pyrethroid in a soil-plant system. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132594. [PMID: 37748314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The heightened concern about the environmental impacts of pollutants drives interest in reducing their threats to humans and the environment. Bioremediating polluted sites under environmental stresses like biotic and abiotic poses significant challenges. This study aimed to isolate a bacterium that effectively degrades pyrethroids even under abiotic stresses involving heavy metals and biotic stresses with autochthonous factors. Here, a bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus BCS1 was isolated. The response surface methodology was established to quantify the environmental impacts on pyrethroid degradation. BCS1 effectively degraded pyrethroids across conditions at 21-36 °C, pH 6.5-8.0 and inoculum sizes 1.9-4.1 mg·L-1, exceeding 90% degradation. Notably, over 84% of β-cypermethrin (β-CP) was degraded even when exposed to various concentrations of lead (10-1000 mg·L-1), chromium (10-1000 mg·L-1), or cadmium (0.5-50 mg·L-1). Moreover, BCS1 significantly accelerated β-CP degradation in soil-plant systems, displaying biotic stress tolerance, with lower half-life values (10.1 and 9.5 d) in soil and higher removal (92.1% and 60.9%) in plants compared to controls (27.7 and 25.7 d), and (18.2% and 24.3%). This study presents a novel strain capable of efficiently degrading pyrethroids and displaying remarkable environmental stress resistance. Findings shed light on bioremediating organic pollutants in complex soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqing Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Huangpu Customs Technology Center, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Port Security Intelligent Testing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiqi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Shakilanishi S, Mrudula P, Shanthi C. Production of dehairing protease by Bacillus cereus VITSN04: a model cradle-to-cradle approach for sustainable greener production of leathers. Environ Technol 2024; 45:180-191. [PMID: 35848414 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite several attempts over decades, process scalability and sustainability remain a challenge to produce an environmental-friendly enzyme to gain industrial attention. In the present study, microbial degradation of chrome shavings (chromium-collagen leather waste) and the resulting collagen hydrolysate for producing the dehairing protease by Bacillus cereus VITSN04 were investigated in a lab-scale fermentor. Scale-up degradation of shavings resulted in higher recovery of collagen hydrolysate (76%) within 72 h compared to shake flasks (68% in 120 h). Earlier achieved medium composition of collagen hydrolysate (12 g L-1) and molasses (15 g L-1) appeared to induce amylase at the high rate, despite the maximal production of protease (203.8 ± 0.18 U mL-1), which was analysed by ANS fluorescence spectroscopy. Optimization of the media containing collagen hydrolysate (12 g L-1) and molasses (5 g L-1) was effective in producing protease (170.6 ± 0.1 U mL-1) and reduced the co-synthesis of amylase (48.2 ± 0.09 U mL-1). The controlled fermentation process by feeding molasses during the exponential growth phase had enhanced the dehairing protease production (∼2.96 fold). The produced protease then partitioned through the biphasic system and showed significant dehairing of goat skins on the pilot scale. Thus, the scalability of the process to produce dehairing enzymes using waste, generated at the site of its use, offers hope for sustainable greener production of leathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shakilanishi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Mrudula
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Li ZJ, Tang SY, Gao HS, Ren JY, Xu PL, Dong WP, Zheng Y, Yang W, Yu YY, Guo JH, Luo YM, Niu DD, Jiang CH. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156 induced systemic resistance against multiple pathogens by priming of camalexin synthesis. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:337-353. [PMID: 37775913 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytoalexins play a crucial role in plant immunity. However, the mechanism of how phytoalexin is primed by beneficial microorganisms against broad-spectrum pathogens remains elusive. This study showed that Bacillus cereus AR156 could trigger ISR against broad-spectrum disease. RNA-sequencing and camalexin content assays showed that AR156-triggered ISR can prime the accumulation of camalexin synthesis and secretion-related genes. Moreover, it was found that AR156-triggered ISR elevates camalexin accumulation by increasing the expression of camalexin synthesis genes upon pathogen infection. We observed that the priming of camalexin accumulation by AR156 was abolished in cyp71a13 and pad3 mutants. Further investigations reveal that in the wrky33 mutant, the ability of AR156 to prime camalexin accumulation is abolished, and the mediated ISR against the three pathogens is significantly compromised. Furthermore, PEN3 and PDR12, acting as camalexin transporters, participate in AR156-induced ISR against broad-spectrum pathogens differently. In addition, salicylic acid and JA/ET signalling pathways participate in AR156-primed camalexin synthesis to resist pathogens in different forms depending on the pathogen. In summary, B. cereus AR156 triggers ISR against Botrytis cinerea, Pst DC3000 and Phytophthora capsici by priming camalexin synthesis. Our study provides deeper insights into the significant role of camalexin for AR156-induced ISR against broad-spectrum pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ya Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Shan Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yao Ren
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Pan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huai'an, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yi-Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huai'an, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Dong-Dong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huai'an, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huai'an, China
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15
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Chen Y, He Y, Meng Q, Liu Z, Zhang X, Jia Z, Cui J, Wang X. [Prokaryotic expression and biological activities of the hemolysin BL subunit of a pathogenic Bacillus cereus of cattle origin]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4939-4949. [PMID: 38147993 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus belongs to Gram-positive bacteria, which is widely distributed in nature and shows certain pathogenicity. Different B. cereus strains carry different subsets of virulence factors, which directly determine the difference in their pathogenicity. It is therefore important to study the distribution of virulence factors and the biological activity of specific toxins for precise prevention and control of B. cereus infection. In this study, the hemolysin BL triayl was expressed, purified, and characterized. The results showed that the bovine pathogenic B. cereus hemolysin BL could be expressed and purified in the prokaryotic expression system, and the bovine pathogenic B. cereus hemolysin BL showed hemolysis, cytotoxicity, good immunogenicity and certain immune protection in mice. In this study, the recombinant expression of hemolysin BL triayl was achieved, and the biological activity of hemolysin BL of bovine pathogenic ceroid spore was investigated. This study may facilitate further investigating the pathogenic mechanism of B. cereus hemolysin BL and developing a detection method for bovine pathogenic B. cereus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yunjiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zelin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
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16
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Ji S, Tian Y, Li J, Xu G, Zhang Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Tang X. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus cereus Z4, a biocontrol agent against tobacco black shank, isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Mar Genomics 2023; 72:101071. [PMID: 38008533 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species have been considered as promising biological control agents due to their excellent antimicrobial ability. Bacillus cereus strain Z4 was isolated from 2000 m deep sea sediments of the Western Pacific Ocean, which possesses significant antifungal activity against Phytophthora nicotianae, the pathogenic fungus of tobacco black shank disease. To reveal the underlying antifungal genetic mechanisms, here, we report the complete genomic sequence of the strain Z4. The genome has one circular chromosome of 5,664,309 bp with a G + C content of 35.31%, 109 tRNAs, and 43 rRNAs. Genomic analysis identified 10 gene clusters related to the biosynthesis of biocontrol active compounds, including bacillibactin, petrobactin, fengycin, and molybdenum cofactor. Meanwhile, 6 gene clusters were responsible for the biosynthesis of metabolites with unknown functions. Strain Z4 also contains a large number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and secreted proteins, respectively. The whole genomic analysis of Bacillus cereus Z4 may provide a valuable reference for elucidating its biocontrol mechanism against tobacco black shank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Ji
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guangxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Shanyi Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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17
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Xiao Z, Cheng M, Hu X, Xue M, Jiang N, Liu W, Fan Y, Meng Y, Xu C, Zhou Y. Pathological changes of highly pathogenic Bacillus cereus on Pelodiscus sinensis. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-10. [PMID: 38010068 PMCID: PMC11003482 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2287191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a disease with a high mortality rate occurred in a Chinese Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) farm in Hubei Province. This study isolated a highly pathogenic Bacillus cereus strain (Y271) from diseased P. sinensis. Y271 has β hemolysis, containing both Hemolysin BL (hblA, hblC, and hblD), Non-hemolytic enterotoxin, NHE (nheA, nheB, and nheC), and Enterotoxin FM (entFM) genes. Y271 is highly pathogenic against P. sinensis with an LD50 = 6.80 × 103 CFU/g weight. B. cereus was detected in multiple tissues of the infected P. sinensis. Among them, spleen tissue showed the highest copy number density (1.54 ± 0.12 × 104 copies/mg). Multiple tissues and organs of diseased P. sinensis exhibited significant pathological damage, especially the spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine. It showed obvious tissue structure destruction, lesions, necrosis, red blood cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. B. cereus proliferating in the spleen, liver, and other tissues was observed. The intestinal microbiota of the diseased P. sinensis was altered, with a greater abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces than in the healthy group. Allobaculum, Rothia, Aeromonas, and Clostridium abundance were higher in the diseased group than in the healthy group. The number of unique microbial taxa (472) in the disease group was lower than that of the healthy group (705). Y271 was sensitive to multiple drugs, including florfenicol, enrofloxacin, neomycin, and doxycycline. B. cereus is the etiological agent responsible for the massive death of P. sinensis and reveals its potential risks during P. sinensis cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Cheng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Fisheries Development, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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18
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Zhang G, Li Z, Chen G, Zhang L, Cai W, Deng S, Zhang H, Wu L, Li H, Liu H. Purification and characterization of the low molecular weight xylanase from Bacillus cereus L-1. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2951-2959. [PMID: 37843795 PMCID: PMC10689628 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is widely used in various industries such as food processing, paper, textiles, and leather tanning. In this study, Bacillus cereus L-1 strain was isolated and identified as capable of producing low molecular weight xylanase through 16 s rRNA sequencing. Maximum xylanase yield of 15.51 ± 2.08 U/mL was achieved under optimal fermentation conditions (5% inoculum, 20 g/L xylan, pH 6.0, for 24 h). After purification via ammonium sulfate precipitation and High-S ion exchange chromatography, electrophoretic purity xylanase was obtained with a 28-fold purification and specific activity of 244.97 U/mg. Xylanase had an optimal pH of 6.5 and temperature of 60 °C and displayed thermostability at 30 °C and 40 °C with 48.56% and 45.97% remaining activity after 180 min, respectively. The xylanase retained more than 82.97% of its activity after incubation for 24 h at pH 5.0 and was sensitive to metal ions, especially Mg2+ and Li+. Purified xylanase showed a molecular weight of 23 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and partial peptide sequencing revealed homology to the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa through LC/MS-MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). This study suggests that the purified xylanase is easier to purify and enriches low molecular weight xylanases from bacteria source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Yichang Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wen Cai
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shuaijun Deng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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19
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Leong SS, Korel F, King JH. Bacillus cereus: A review of "fried rice syndrome" causative agents. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106418. [PMID: 37866551 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
"Fried rice syndrome" originated from the first exposure to a fried rice dish contaminated with Bacillus cereus. This review compiles available data on the prevalence of B. cereus outbreak cases that occurred between 1984 and 2019. The outcome of B. cereus illness varies dramatically depending on the pathogenic strain encounter and the host's immune system. B. cereus causes a self-limiting, diarrheal illness caused by heat-resistant enterotoxin proteins, and an emetic illness caused by the deadly toxin named cereulide. The toxins together with their extrinsic factors are discussed. The possibility of more contamination of B. cereus in protein-rich food has also been shown. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the available data, focusing mainly on B. cereus physiology as the causative agent for "fried rice syndrome." This review emphasizes the prevalence of B. cereus in starchy food contamination and outbreak cases reported, the virulence of both enterotoxins and emetic toxins produced, and the possibility of contaminated in protein-rich food. The impact of emetic or enterotoxin-producing B. cereus on public health cannot be neglected. Thus, it is essential to constantly monitor for B. cereus contamination during food handling and hygiene practices for food product preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Sien Leong
- Department of Animal Sciences and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Nyabau Road, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Figen Korel
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Jie Hung King
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Nyabau Road, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia
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20
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Budhwani Z, Buragina JT, Lang J, Acedo JZ. Characterization of the Novel Leaderless Bacteriocin, Bawcin, from Bacillus wiedmannii. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16965. [PMID: 38069290 PMCID: PMC10707071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of drug-resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health, highlighting the urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds and treatments. Bacteriocins, which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, hold promise as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel leaderless bacteriocin, bawcin, the first bacteriocin to be characterized from a Bacillus wiedmannii species. Chemically synthesized and purified bawcin was shown to be active against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, including foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Stability screening revealed that bawcin is stable over a wide range of pH (2.0-10.0), temperature conditions (25-100 °C), and against the proteases, papain and pepsin. Lastly, three-dimensional structure homology modeling suggests that bawcin contains a saposin-fold with amphipathic helices and a highly cationic surface that may be critical for membrane interaction and the subsequent cell death of its targets. This study provides the foundational understanding of the activity and properties of bawcin, offering valuable insights into its applications across different antimicrobial uses, including as a natural preservative in food and livestock industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafina Budhwani
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada;
| | - Jenna T. Buragina
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (J.T.B.)
| | - Jen Lang
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (J.T.B.)
| | - Jeella Z. Acedo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada;
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21
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Rudenko NV, Nagel AS, Melnik BS, Karatovskaya AP, Vetrova OS, Zamyatina AV, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya ZI, Siunov AV, Shlyapnikov MG, Brovko FA, Solonin AS. Utilizing Extraepitopic Amino Acid Substitutions to Define Changes in the Accessibility of Conformational Epitopes of the Bacillus cereus HlyII C-Terminal Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16437. [PMID: 38003626 PMCID: PMC10671226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin II (HlyII)-one of the pathogenic factors of Bacillus cereus, a pore-forming β-barrel toxin-possesses a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues, designated as the C-terminal domain of HlyII (HlyIICTD), which plays an important role in the functioning of the toxin. Our previous work described a monoclonal antibody (HlyIIC-20), capable of strain-specific inhibition of hemolysis caused by HlyII, and demonstrated the dependence of the efficiency of hemolysis on the presence of proline at position 324 in HlyII outside the conformational antigenic determinant. In this work, we studied 16 mutant forms of HlyIICTD. Each of the mutations, obtained via multiple site-directed mutagenesis leading to the replacement of amino acid residues lying on the surface of the 3D structure of HlyIICTD, led to a decrease in the interaction of HlyIIC-20 with the mutant form of the protein. Changes in epitope structure confirm the high conformational mobility of HlyIICTD required for the functioning of HlyII. Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interactions between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled the identification of the amino acid residues N339 and K340, included in the conformational antigenic determinant recognized by HlyIIC-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Rudenko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey S Nagel
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Bogdan S Melnik
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna P Karatovskaya
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olesya S Vetrova
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna V Zamyatina
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zhanna I Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander V Siunov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Shlyapnikov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Fedor A Brovko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander S Solonin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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22
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Soni A, Brightwell G. Effect of novel and conventional food processing technologies on Bacillus cereus spores. Adv Food Nutr Res 2023; 108:265-287. [PMID: 38461001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing technologies on Bacillus cereus spores, a well-known pathogenic bacterium associated with foodborne illnesses. B. cereus has been frequently detected in rice, milk products, infant food, liquid eggs products and meat products all over the world. This Gram positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobe can produce endospores that can withstand pasteurization, UV radiation, and chemical reagents commonly used for sanitization. B. cereus spores can germinate into vegetative cells that can produce toxins. The conventional regime for eliminating spores from food is retorting which uses the application of high temperature (121 °C). However, at this temperature, there could be a significant amount of loss in the organoleptic and functional qualities of the food components, especially proteins. This leads to the research on the preventive measures against germination and if possible, to reduce the resistance before using a non-thermal technology (temperatures less than retorting-121 °C) for inactivation. This chapter reviews the development and success of several food processing technologies in their ability to inactivate B. cereus spores in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University Manawatu (Turitea), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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23
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Liu J, Cui T. Expression, Characterisation, Homology Modelling and Molecular Docking of a Novel M17 Family Leucyl-Aminopeptidase from Bacillus cereus CZ. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15939. [PMID: 37958921 PMCID: PMC10649214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucyl-aminopeptidase (LAP), an important metallopeptidase, hydrolyses amino acid residues from the N-terminus of polypeptides and proteins, acting preferentially on the peptide bond formed by N-terminus leucine. A new leucyl-aminopeptidase was found in Bacillus cereus CZ. Its gene (bclap) contained a 1485 bp ORF encoding 494 amino acids with a molecular weight of 54 kDa. The bcLAP protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Optimal activity is obtained at pH 9.0 and 58 °C. The bcLAP displays a moderate thermostability and an alkaline pH adaptation range. Enzymatic activity is dramatically enhanced by Ni2+. EDTA significantly inhibits the enzymatic activity, and bestatin and SDS also show strong inhibition. The three-dimensional model of bcLAP monomer and homohexamer is simulated byPHYRE2 server and SWISS-MODEL server. The docking of bestatin, Leu-Trp, Asp-Trp and Ala-Ala-Gly to bcLAP is performed using AutoDock4.2.5, respectively. Molecular docking results show that the residues Lys260, Asp265, Lys272, Asp283, Asp342, Glu344, Arg346, Gly372 and His437 are involved in the hydrogen bonding with the ligands and zinc ions. There may be two nucleophilic catalytic mechanisms in bcLAP, one involving His 437 or Arg346 and the other involving His437 and Arg346. The bcLAP can hydrolyse the peptide bonds in Leu-Trp, Asp-Trp and Ala-Ala-Gly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tangbing Cui
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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24
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Xie Y, Gong L, Liu S, Yan J, Zhao S, Xia C, Li K, Liu G, Mazhar MW, Zhao J. Antioxidants improve β-cypermethrin degradation by alleviating oxidative damage and increasing bioavailability by Bacillus cereus GW-01. Environ Res 2023; 236:116680. [PMID: 37500036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation of pesticide residues has the potential to reduce their hazards to human and environmental health. However, in some cases, degradation can activate pesticides, making them more toxic to microbes. Here we report on the β-cypermethrin (β-CY) toxicity to Bacillus cereus GW-01, a recently described β-CY degrader, and effects of antioxidants on β-CY degradation. GW-01 exposed to β-CY negatively affected the growth rate. The highest maximum specific growth rate (μm) appeared at 25 mg/L β-CY. β-CY induced the oxidative stress in GW-01. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly higher than that in control (p < 0.01); but they are decreased as growth phase pronged, which is contrary to the β-CY degradation by GW-01 cells obtaining from various growth phase. Ascorbic acid (Vc), tea polyphenols (TP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) improved the degradation through changing the physiological property of GW-01. TP and AMP prompted the expression of gene encoding β-CY degradation in GW-01, while Vc does the opposite. Biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by β-CY, while was significantly enhanced by certain concentrations of TP and AMP (p < 0.05); while cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) was negatively associated with β-CY concentrations from 25 to 100 mg/L, and these 4 antioxidants all boosted the CSH. Cells grown with β-CY had lower levels of saturated fatty acids but increased levels of some unsaturated and branched fatty acids, and these antioxidants alleviated the FA composition changes and gene expression related with FA metabolism. We also mined transcriptome analyses at lag, logarithmic, and stationary phases, and found that β-CY induced oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to elaborate characteristics in relation to the microbial resistance of pesticide poisoning and the efficiency of pesticide degradation, and to provide a promising method for improving pesticide degradation by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lanmin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jisha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen Xia
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Muhammad Waqar Mazhar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal Universty), Ministry of Education, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610101, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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25
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Sanni DM, Jimoh MB, Lawal OT, Bamidele SO. Purification and biochemical characterization of phytase from Bacillus cereus isolated from gastrointestinal tract of African giant snail (Achatina fulica). Int Microbiol 2023; 26:961-972. [PMID: 37020067 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytases are specialized enzymes meant for phytic acid degradation. They possess ability to prevent phytic acid indigestion, including its attendant environmental pollution. This study was aimed at investigating biochemical properties of purified phytase of B. cereus isolated from Achatina fulica. Phytase produced from Bacillus cereus that exhibited optimal phytate degrading-ability of all the bacteria isolated was purified in a three-step purification. The biochemical properties of the purified enzyme were also determined. The phytase homogeny of approximately 45 kDa exhibited 12.8-purification fold and 1.6% yield with optima phytate degrading efficiency and maximum stability at pH 7 and 50 °C. Remaining activity of 52 and 47% obtained between 60 and 70 °C after 2 h further established thermostability of the purified phytase. Mg2+ and Zn2+ enhanced phytate hydrolysis by the enzyme, while Na+ showed mild inhibition but Hg2+ severely inhibited the enzymatic activity. Km and Vmax were estimated to be 0.11 mM and 55.6 μmol/min/mL, displaying enzyme-high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency, respectively. Phytase purified from Bacillus cereus, isolated from African giant snails, has shown excellent characteristics suitable for phytic acid hydrolysis and could be employed in industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olusola Tosin Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Boutonnet C, Ginies C, Alpha-Bazin B, Armengaud J, Château A, Duport C. S-layer is a key element in metabolic response and entry into the stationary phase in Bacillus cereus AH187. J Proteomics 2023; 289:105007. [PMID: 37730087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a food-borne Gram-positive pathogen. The emetic reference strain B. cereus AH187 is surrounded by a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) that contributes to its physico-chemical surface properties, and promotes its adhesion in response to starvation conditions. The S-layer produced by B. cereus AH187 is composed of two proteins, SL2 and EA1, which are incorporated at different growth stages. Here, we showed that deletion of the genes encoding SL2 and EA1 produced viable cells, but decreased the glucose uptake rate at the start of growth, and induced extensive reorganization of the cellular and exoproteomes upon entry into the stationary phase. As a consequence, stationary cells were less resistant to abiotic stress. Taken together, our data indicate that the S-layer is crucial but comes at a metabolic cost that modulates the stationary phase response. SIGNIFICANCE: The emetic strains of Bacillus cereus are known to cause severe food poisoning, making it crucial to understand the factors contributing to their selective enrichment in foods. Most emetic strains are surrounded by a crystalline S-layer, which is a costly protein structure to produce. In this study, we used high-throughput proteomics to investigate how S-layer synthesis affects the allocation of cellular resources in the emetic B. cereus strain AH187. Our results demonstrate that the synthesis of the S-layer plays a crucial role in the pathogen's ability to thrive under stationary growth phase conditions by modulating the stress response, thereby promoting its lifestyle as an emetic pathogen. We conclude that the synthesis of the S-layer is a critical adaptation for emetic B. cereus to successfully colonize specific niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Alice Château
- Avignon Université, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, F-84914 Avignon, France
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27
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Zhou X, Liang M, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Liang J. Sustained degradation of phenol under extreme conditions by polyurethane-based Bacillus sp. ZWB3. Water Sci Technol 2023; 88:1194-1206. [PMID: 37771222 PMCID: wst_2023_259 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Phenol is a serious pollutant to the environment, therefore, it is urgent to find a rapid and effective method for its removal. In this study, Bacillus cereus ZWB3 immobilized on a polyurethane (PUF) carrier was studied. The PUF-ZWB3 required only 20 h for the degradation of 1,500 mg L-1 of phenol, shortened by 8 h than the free bacteria. In addition, the PUF-ZWB3 could increase the degradation concentration of phenol from 1,500 to 2,000 mg L-1, and the complete degradation of 2,000 mg L-1 phenol only used 44 h. In addition, the PUF-ZWB3 showed much higher removal of phenol than the free bacteria at different pH values, salt concentrations, and heavy metal ions. Particularly, the PUF-ZWB3 could still completely remove phenol in a strongly alkaline environment, such as pH 10 and 11. In addition, the removal efficiency of phenol by PUF-ZWB3 was still 100% after 10 cycles. This study showed that the PUF immobilization system had great potential in the field of remediation of organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Mingzhao Liang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yujing Zheng
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Huang Z, Liang B, Wang F, Ji Y, Gu P, Fan X, Li Q. Response surface optimization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate synthesized by Bacillus cereus L17 using acetic acid as carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125628. [PMID: 37392926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
A strain of Bacillus that can tolerate 10 g/L acetic acid and use the volatile fatty acids produced by the hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate was screened from the activated sludge of propylene oxide saponification wastewater. The strain was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis and was named Bacillus cereus L17. Various characterization methods showed that the polymer synthesized by strain L17 is poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, which has low crystallinity, good ductility and toughness, high thermal stability and a low polydispersity coefficient. It has wide thermoplastic material operating space as well as industrial and medicinal applications. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined by single factor optimization. Then, Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design experiments were carried out according to the single factor optimization results, and the response surface optimization was completed. The final results were: initial pH 6.7, temperature 25 °C, and loading volume 124 mL. The verification experiment showed that the yield of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate after optimization increased by 35.2 % compared to that before optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Huang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
| | - Boya Liang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
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Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Chlebicz M, Kawecka M, Michalak A, Prucnal F, Nielipinski M, Filipek J, Jankowska M, Perek Z, Drożdżyński P, Rutkowska N, Otlewska A. Endophytic bacteria isolated from Urtica dioica L.- preliminary screening for enzyme and polyphenols production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:169. [PMID: 37649058 PMCID: PMC10466763 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, especially those isolated from herbal plants, may act as a reservoir of a variety of secondary metabolites exhibiting biological activity. Some endophytes express the ability to produce the same bioactive compounds as their plant hosts, making them a more sustainable industrial supply of these substances. Urtica dioica L. (common stinging nettle) is a synanthropic plant that is widely used in herbal medicine due to the diversity of bioactive chemicals it contains, e.g., polyphenols, which demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous capabilities. This study aimed at isolating endophytic bacteria from stinging nettles for their bioactive compounds. The endophytic isolates were identified by both biochemical and molecular methods (16S rRNA) and investigated for enzymes, biosurfactants, and polyphenols production. Each of the isolated bacterial strains was capable of producing biosurfactants and polyphenols. However, three of the isolated endophytes, identified as two strains of Bacillus cereus and one strain of Bacillus mycoides, possessed the greatest capacity to produce biosurfactants and polyphenols. The derivatized extracts from culture liquid showed the 1.633 mol l-1 (9.691 mg l-1) concentration of polyphenol compounds. Therefore, the present study signifies that endophytic B. cereus and B. mycoides isolated from Urtica dioica L. could be a potential source of biosurfactants and polyphenols. However, further study is required to understand the mechanism of the process and achieve efficient polyphenol production by endophytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Chlebicz
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kawecka
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Michalak
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Filip Prucnal
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Nielipinski
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Filipek
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michalina Jankowska
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Perek
- Biotechnology Students Association Ferment, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Drożdżyński
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Rutkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology And Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
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Buchacher T, Digruber A, Kranzler M, Del Favero G, Ehling-Schulz M. Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:112. [PMID: 37189133 PMCID: PMC10184354 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Gram-positive bacteria have gained considerable importance as a novel transport system of virulence factors in host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive human pathogen, causing gastrointestinal toxemia as well as local and systemic infections. The pathogenicity of enteropathogenic B. cereus has been linked to a collection of virulence factors and exotoxins. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of virulence factor secretion and delivery to target cells is poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we investigate the production and characterization of enterotoxin-associated EVs from the enteropathogenic B. cereus strain NVH0075-95 by using a proteomics approach and studied their interaction with human host cells in vitro. For the first time, comprehensive analyses of B. cereus EV proteins revealed virulence-associated factors, such as sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and the three-component enterotoxin Nhe. The detection of Nhe subunits was confirmed by immunoblotting, showing that the low abundant subunit NheC was exclusively detected in EVs as compared to vesicle-free supernatant. Cholesterol-dependent fusion and predominantly dynamin-mediated endocytosis of B. cereus EVs with the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells represent entry routes for delivery of Nhe components to host cells, which was assessed by confocal microscopy and finally led to delayed cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we could show that B. cereus EVs elicit an inflammatory response in human monocytes and contribute to erythrocyte lysis via a cooperative interaction of enterotoxin Nhe and sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the interaction of EVs from B. cereus with human host cells and add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of multicomponent enterotoxin assembly, offering new opportunities to decipher molecular processes involved in disease development. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Digruber
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kranzler
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Nzila A, Musa MM, Afuecheta E, Al-Thukair A, Sankaran S, Xiang L, Li QX. Benzo[A]Pyrene Biodegradation by Multiple and Individual Mesophilic Bacteria under Axenic Conditions and in Soil Samples. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1855. [PMID: 36767220 PMCID: PMC9914810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, only a handful of bacterial strains that can independently degrade and utilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source has been isolated and characterized. Here, three new bacterial strains-JBZ1A, JBZ2B, and JBZ5E-were isolated from contaminated soil and, using 16S rRNA sequencing, were identified as Brad rhizobium japonicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The growth ability of each individual strain and a consortium of all strains in the presence of BaP (4-400 µmol·L-1, pH 7, 37 °C) was identified by the doubling time (dt). The results illustrate that dt decreased with increasing BaP concentrations for individual strains and the consortium. The optimum growth conditions of the consortium were 37 °C, 0.5% NaCl (w/v), and pH 7. Under these conditions, the degradation rate was 1.06 µmol·L-1·day-1, whereas that of individual strains ranged from 0.9 to 0.38 µmol·L-1·day-1. B. cereus had the strongest contribution to the consortium's activity, with a degradation rate of 0.9 µmol·L-1·day-1. The consortium could also remove BaP spiked with soil but at a lower rate (0.01 µmol L-1.day-1). High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry permitted the detection of the metabolites of these strains, and a biodegradation pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nzila
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa M. Musa
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Afuecheta
- Departments of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assad Al-Thukair
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Sankaran
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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32
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Xue G, Qu Y, Wu D, Huang S, Che Y, Yu J, Song P. Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B 1 in the Baijiu Brewing Process by Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:65. [PMID: 36668884 PMCID: PMC9860622 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a potent mycotoxin and a common source of grain contamination that leads to great economic losses and health problems. Although distilled baijiu cannot be contaminated by aflatoxin, its presence in the brewing process affects the physiological activities of micro-organisms and reduces product quality. Bacillus cereus XSWW9 capable of degrading aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was isolated from daqu using coumarin as the sole carbon source. XSWW9 degraded 86.7% of 1 mg/L AFB1 after incubation at 37 °C for 72 h and tolerated up to 1 mg/L AFB1 with no inhibitory effects. Enzymes in the cell-free supernatant of XSSW9 played a significant role in AFB1 degradation. The AFB1-degradation activity was sensitive to protease K and SDS treatment, which indicated that extracellular proteins were responsible for the degradation of AFB1. In order to investigate the AFB1-degradation ability of XSSW9 during the baijiu brewing process, AFB1 and XSWW9 were added to grain fermentation (FG-T) and normal grain fermentation without AFB1, while normal grain fermentation without AFB1 and XSWW9 was used as a control (FG-C). At the end of the fermentation, 99% AFB1 was degraded in the residue of fermented grains. The differences of microbial communities in the fermented grains showed that there were no significant differences between FG-T and FG-C in the relative abundance of dominant genera. The analysis of volatile compounds of their distillation showed that the contents of skeleton flavor components was similar between FG-T and FG-C. These results offer a basis for the development of effective strategies to reduce the effect of AFB1 on the brewing process and ensure that the production of baijiu is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Liang J. A study of highly efficient phenol biodegradation by a versatile Bacillus cereus ZWB3 on aerobic condition. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:355-366. [PMID: 35906912 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, phenol seriously threatens the environment and human health. Among various methods, microbial degradation of phenol possesses the advantages of nontoxicity and no secondary pollution. Therefore, search for microbial resources that can efficiently degrade phenol has become an important issue. In this study, a strain that could efficiently degrade phenol was isolated. The strain was identified as Bacillus cereus based on its morphology, physiological and biochemical features and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The strain can completely degrade phenol up to 1,500 mg/L within 26 h (57.7 mg·L-1·h-1), under the optimum conditions, faster compared with the known degrading bacteria. The strain could efficiently remove phenol at a wide range of temperatures (22-37 °C) and pH (7-9), and Mn2+ and Zn2+ stress. Interestingly, this strain displayed the potential on microthermal environment, which could degrade 1,200 mg/L phenol within 36 h at 22 °C. Further, the strain had capacity that used a variety of aromatic compounds as the sole carbon source for growth. This study shows a useful biodegradation route on the wastewater treatment under high phenol concentration conditions, providing alternatives for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Jiejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
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Zhang M, Liu J, Yin Z, Zhang L. Phylogenetic and protein prediction analysis reveals the taxonomically diverse distribution of virulence factors in Bacillus cereus strains. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262974. [PMID: 35588435 PMCID: PMC9119529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a food contaminant with widely varying enterotoxic potential due to its virulence proteins. In this article, phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences from the whole-genomes of 41 strains, evolutionary distance calculation of the amino acid sequences of the virulence genes, and functional and structural predictions of the virulence proteins were performed to reveal the taxonomically diverse distribution of virulence factors. The genome evolution of the strains showed a clustering trend based on the protein-coding virulence genes. The strains of B. cereus have evolved into non-toxic risk and toxic risk clusters with medium-high- and medium-low-risk subclusters. The evolutionary transfer distances of incomplete virulence genes relative to housekeeping genes were greater than those of complete virulence genes, and the distance values of HblACD were higher than those of nheABC and CytK among the complete virulence genes. Cytoplasmic localization was impossible for all the virulence proteins, and NheB, NheC, Hbl-B, and Hbl-L1 were predicted to be extracellular. Nhe and Hbl proteins except CytK had similar spatial structures. The predicted structures of Nhe and Hbl mainly showed ‘head’ and ‘tail’ domains. The ‘head’ of NheA and Hbl-B, including two α-helices separated by β-tongue strands, might play a special role in the formation of Nhe trimers and Hbl trimers, respectively. The ‘cap’ of CytK, which includes two ‘latches’ with many β-sheets, formed a β-barrel structure with pores, and a ‘rim’ balanced the structure. The evolution of B. cereus strains showed a clustering tendency based on the protein-coding virulence genes, and the complete virulence-gene operon combination had higher relative genetic stability. The beta-tongue or latch associated with β-sheet folding might play an important role in the binding of virulence structures and pore-forming toxins in B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Yunkang Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Yunkang Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yin
- School of Yunkang Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (LZ)
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (LZ)
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Zhong H, Zhou J, Wang F, Wu W, Abdelrahman M, Li X. Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Lignin-Degrading Capacity of a Ligninolytic Bacterium (Bacillus cereus) from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Rumen. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050842. [PMID: 35627226 PMCID: PMC9140826 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The buffalo is an amazing ruminant. Its ability to degrade lignin, which has been recently reported, is most likely due to unique rumen microorganisms with lignin-degradation potential. Our goal was to explore the lignin-degradation potential of ruminal microorganisms, in which ligninolytic enzyme encoding genes were involved to provide ideas for revealing the mechanism of lignin degradation by buffalo. In this study, a bacterium strain identified as Bacillus cereus AH7-7 was isolated from the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen. After whole-genome sequencing, the results demonstrated that B. cereus AH7-7 had laccase, cytochrome P450 and vanillin alcohol oxidase-encoding genes. Sixty-four genes of B. cereus AH7-7 were involved in multiple aromatic metabolic pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism and aminobenzoate degradation. A positive reaction resulting in guaiacol medium indicated that laccase secretion from B. cereus AH7-7 increased with time. A biodegradation experiment revealed that a significant reduction in kraft lignin content (25.9%) by B. cereus AH7-7 occurred at the end of 6 days of incubation, which confirmed its lignin-degradation capacity. Overall, this is the first report showing that B. cereus AH7-7 from the buffalo rumen can degrade lignin, and revealing the encoding genes of lignin-degrading enzymes from genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Fan Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenqing Wu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Xiang Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Shennongjia Science & Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18995622055
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Kumar R, Singh A, Maurya A, Yadav P, Yadav A, Chowdhary P, Raj A. Effective bioremediation of pulp and paper mill wastewater using Bacillus cereus as a possible kraft lignin-degrading bacterium. Bioresour Technol 2022; 352:127076. [PMID: 35351569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effective degradation of KL from paper mill effluent is an important for environmental safety. This research is primarily concerned with the identification of KL-degrading Bacillus cereus from activated sludge and their possible use for the degradation of Kraft lignin (KL). This strain was involved in the production of lignin peroxidase-LiP (3.20 U/mL), manganese peroxidase-MnP (20.36 U/mL), and laccase (21.35 U/mL) enzymes, which were responsible for high KL degradation (89%) and decolorization (40%) at 1000 mg/L KL in 3 days. The SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, FTIR, and GC-MS analysis were used to analyze the bacterial cell and KL interactions to trace the KL degradation process. The significant reduction of pollutants (KL-72.5%, color-62.0%, COD-45.05%) and reduction in toxicity (80%) of bacterial-treated effluent indicated that B. cereus has the potential to be used in the degradation of pollutants from paper mill effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Annapurna Maurya
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Yadav
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Metryka O, Wasilkowski D, Mrozik A. Evaluation of the Effects of Ag, Cu, ZnO and TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the Expression Level of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094966. [PMID: 35563357 PMCID: PMC9103769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular response of bacteria exposed to metal nanoparticles (NPs) is intensively studied, many phenomena related to their survival, metal uptake, gene expression and protein production are not fully understood. Therefore, this work aimed to study Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs-induced alterations in the expression level of selected oxidative stress-related genes in connection with the activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The methodology used included: the extraction of total RNA and cDNA synthesis, the preparation of primers for selected housekeeping and oxidative stress genes, RT-qPCR reaction and the measurements of CAT, PER and SOD activities. It was established that the treatment of E. coli and S. epidermidis with NPs resulted mainly in the down-regulation of targeted genes, whilst the up-regulation of genes was confirmed in B. cereus. The greatest differences in the relative expression levels of tested genes occurred in B. cereus and S. epidermidis treated with TiO2-NPs, while in E. coli, they were observed under ZnO-NPs exposure. The changes found were mostly related to the expression of genes encoding proteins with PER and CAT-like activity. Among NPs, ZnO-NPs and Cu-NPs increased the activity of antioxidants in E. coli and B. cereus. In turn, TiO2-NPs had a major effect on enzymes activity in S. epidermidis. Considering all of the collected results for tested bacteria, it can be emphasised that the impact of NPs on the antioxidant system functioning was dependent on their type and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Metryka
- Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Daniel Wasilkowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
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Schwenk V, Dietrich R, Klingl A, Märtlbauer E, Jessberger N. Characterization of strain-specific Bacillus cereus swimming motility and flagella by means of specific antibodies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265425. [PMID: 35298545 PMCID: PMC8929632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the multiple factors determining the onset of the diarrhoeal disease caused by enteropathogenic Bacillus cereus is the ability of the bacteria to actively move towards the site of infection. This ability depends on flagella, but it also varies widely between different strains. To gain more insights into these strain-specific variations, polyclonal rabbit antisera as well as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated in this study, which detected recombinant and natural B. cereus flagellin proteins in Western blots as well as in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Based on mAb 1A11 and HRP-labelled rabbit serum, a highly specific sandwich EIA was developed. Overall, it could be shown that strain-specific swimming motility correlates with the presence of flagella/flagellin titres obtained in EIAs. Interestingly, mAb 1A11, recognizing an epitope in the N-terminal region of the flagellin protein, proved to inhibit bacterial swimming motility, while the rabbit serum rather decreased growth of selected B. cereus strains. Altogether, powerful tools enabling the in-depth characterization of the strain-specific variations in B. cereus swimming motility were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Schwenk
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Department of Biology I, Plant Development and Electron Microscopy, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, München, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nadja Jessberger
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cahyaningtyas HAA, Suyotha W, Cheirsilp B, Prihanto AA, Yano S, Wakayama M. Optimization of protease production by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 for simultaneous extraction of chitin from shrimp shell with value-added recovered products. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:22163-22178. [PMID: 34780017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin extraction from shrimp shell powder (SSP) using protease-producing microbes is an attractive approach for valorizing shrimp shell waste because it is simple and environmentally friendly. In this study, the protease production and chitin extraction from SSP by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 were simultaneously optimized using statistical approaches. As a result, fermentation in medium composed of 30 g/L SSP, 0.2 g/L MgSO4 · 7H2O, 3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, and 1.5 g/L KH2PO4 (pH 6.5) for 7 days maximized protease production (197.75 ± 0.33 U/mL) to approximately 1.64-fold compared to unoptimized condition (126.8 ± 0.047 U/mL). This level of enzyme production was enough to achieve 97.42 ± 0.28% deproteinization (DP) but low demineralization (DM) of 53.76 ± 0.21%. The high DM of 90% could be easily accomplished with the post-treatment using 0.4 M HCl and acetic acid. In addition, the study evaluated the possible roadmap to maximize the value of generated products and obtain additional profits from this microbial process. The observation showed the possibility of serving crude chitin as a bio-adsorbent with the highest removal capacity against Coomassie brilliant blue (97.99%), followed by methylene blue (74.42%). The recovered protease exhibited the function to remove egg yolk stain, indicating its potential for use as a detergent in de-staining. The results corroborated the benefits of microbial fermentation by B. cereus HMRSC30 as green process for comprehensive utilization of shrimp shell waste as well as minimizing waste generation along the established process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Amanah Aditya Cahyaningtyas
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Asep Awaludin Prihanto
- Department Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65415, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Wang N, Yin Y, Xia C, Li Y, Liu J, Li Y. Zn-Enriched Bacillus cereus Alleviates Cd Toxicity in Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Intestinal Microbiota, Bioaccumulation, and Oxidative Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:812-821. [PMID: 33740179 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) poisoning in humans and fish represents a significant global problem. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a widely used probiotic in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of B. cereus in ameliorating Cd-induced toxicity in mirror carp. The biosorption rate of Zn for the B. cereus in 85.99% was significantly more than five strains. All fishes were exposed for 30 days to dietary ZnCl2 (30mg/kg), waterborne Cd (1 mg/L), and/or dietary Zn-enriched B. cereus (Zn 30mg/kg and 107cfu/g B. cereus). At 15 and 30 days, the fishes were sampled, and bioaccumulation, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbiota were measured. Waterborne Cd exposure caused marked alterations in the composition of the microbiota. Dietary supplementation with Zn-enriched B. cereus can reduce the changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota in Cd exposure and decrease the pathogenic bacteria of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas in Zn-enriched B. cereus groups. The results obtained indicate that Zn-enriched B. cereus can provide a significant protective effect on the toxicity of cadmium by inhibiting alterations in the levels of bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant (T-AOC), and malonaldehyde (MDA). Our results suggest that administration of Zn-enriched B. cereus has the potential to combat Cd toxicity in mirror carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuwei Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- HongShi Farm of Henan Province, Zhoukou, 466263, China
| | - Changge Xia
- Xinlicheng Reservoir Management Bureau, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Li
- Laboratory of Ginseng and Antler Products Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Aries ML, Cloninger MJ. NMR Hydrophilic Metabolomic Analysis of Bacterial Resistance Pathways Using Multivalent Antimicrobials with Challenged and Unchallenged Wild Type and Mutated Gram-Positive Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413606. [PMID: 34948402 PMCID: PMC8715671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent membrane disruptors are a relatively new antimicrobial scaffold that are difficult for bacteria to develop resistance to and can act on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics is an important method for studying resistance development in bacteria, since this is both a quantitative and qualitative method to study and identify phenotypes by changes in metabolic pathways. In this project, the metabolic differences between wild type Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) samples and B. cereus that was mutated through 33 growth cycles in a nonlethal dose of a multivalent antimicrobial agent were identified. For additional comparison, samples for analysis of the wild type and mutated strains of B. cereus were prepared in both challenged and unchallenged conditions. A C16-DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane) and mannose functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (DABCOMD) were used as the multivalent quaternary ammonium antimicrobial for this hydrophilic metabolic analysis. Overall, the study reported here indicates that B. cereus likely change their peptidoglycan layer to protect themselves from the highly positively charged DABCOMD. This membrane fortification most likely leads to the slow growth curve of the mutated, and especially the challenged mutant samples. The association of these sample types with metabolites associated with energy expenditure is attributed to the increased energy required for the membrane fortifications to occur as well as to the decreased diffusion of nutrients across the mutated membrane.
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Zegeye ED, Pradhan B, Llarena AK, Aspholm M. Enigmatic Pilus-Like Endospore Appendages of Bacillus cereus Group Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12367. [PMID: 34830248 PMCID: PMC8619143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endospores (spores) of many Bacillus cereus sensu lato species are decorated with multiple hair/pilus-like appendages. Although they have been observed for more than 50 years, all efforts to characterize these fibers in detail have failed until now, largely due to their extraordinary resilience to proteolytic digestion and chemical solubilization. A recent structural analysis of B. cereus endospore appendages (Enas) using cryo-electron microscopy has revealed the structure of two distinct fiber morphologies: the longer and more abundant "Staggered-type" (S-Ena) and the shorter "Ladder-like" type (L-Ena), which further enabled the identification of the genes encoding the S-Ena. Ena homologs are widely and uniquely distributed among B. cereus sensu lato species, suggesting that appendages play important functional roles in these species. The discovery of ena genes is expected to facilitate functional studies involving Ena-depleted mutant spores to explore the role of Enas in the interaction between spores and their environment. Given the importance of B. cereus spores for the food industry and in medicine, there is a need for a better understanding of their biological functions and physicochemical properties. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the Ena structure and the potential roles these remarkable fibers may play in the adhesion of spores to biotic and abiotic surfaces, aggregation, and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Debebe Zegeye
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Brajabandhu Pradhan
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann-Katrin Llarena
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
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Zhao L, Liu Q, Huang Q, Liu F, Liu H, Wang G. Isocitrate dehydrogenase of Bacillus cereus is involved in biofilm formation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:207. [PMID: 34719734 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), a key enzyme in the TCA cycle, participates in the formation of biofilms in Staphylococcus aureus, but it remains to be clarified whether it is involved in the formation of Bacillus cereus biofilms. In this study, we scanned the genome of B. cereus 0-9 and found a gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (FRY47_22620) named icdH. The IcdH protein was expressed and purified. The enzyme activity assay showed that the protein had IDH activity dependent on NADP+, indicating that this gene encoded an IDH. The ΔicdH mutant and its complemented strains were obtained by a homologous recombination strategy, and crystal violet data and CLSM were measured. The results showed that the biofilm yield of the mutant ΔicdH decreased, and the biofilm morphology also changed, while the growth of ΔicdH was not affected. The extracellular pH and citric acid content results showed that the ΔicdH mutant exhibited citric acid accumulation and acidification of the extracellular matrix. In addition, the addition of excess Fe3+ restored the biofilm formation of the ΔicdH mutant. It is speculated that IDH in B. cereus may regulate biofilm formation by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis. In addition, we found that the icdH deletion of B. cereus 0-9 could result in a reduced sporulation rate, which was significantly different from sporulation in B. subtilis caused by interruption of the stage I sporulation process due to icdH loss. All the above results provide us with new insights for further research on IDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiubin Huang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Hennan Province, Kaifeng, Hennan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Hennan Province, Kaifeng, Hennan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Hennan Univeristy, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Hennan Province, Kaifeng, Hennan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
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Metryka O, Wasilkowski D, Mrozik A. Insight into the Antibacterial Activity of Selected Metal Nanoparticles and Alterations within the Antioxidant Defence System in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11811. [PMID: 34769242 PMCID: PMC8583997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a desirable feature of various products but can become problematic when NPs are released into different ecosystems, potentially endangering living microorganisms. Although there is an abundance of advanced studies on the toxicity and biological activity of NPs on microorganisms, the information regarding their detailed interactions with microbial cells and the induction of oxidative stress remains incomplete. Therefore, this work aimed to develop accurate oxidation stress profiles of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains treated with commercial Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs. The methodology used included the following determinations: toxicological parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and dehydrogenases, reduced glutathione, oxidatively modified proteins and lipid peroxidation. The toxicological studies revealed that E. coli was most sensitive to NPs than B. cereus and S. epidermidis. Moreover, NPs induced the generation of specific ROS in bacterial cells, causing an increase in their concentration, which further resulted in alterations in the activity of the antioxidant defence system and protein oxidation. Significant changes in dehydrogenases activity and elevated lipid peroxidation indicated a negative effect of NPs on bacterial outer layers and respiratory activity. In general, NPs were characterised by very specific nano-bio effects, depending on their physicochemical properties and the species of microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Metryka
- Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daniel Wasilkowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
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Lv R, Liu D, Wang W, Xu E, Ding T, Ye X, Zhou J. Proteomic response and molecular regulatory mechanisms of Bacillus cereus spores under ultrasound treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 78:105732. [PMID: 34474268 PMCID: PMC8411229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at providing new insights on the proteomic response of bacterial spores to ultrasound. Data-independent-acquisition method was used to quantify the proteome change of Bacillus cereus spores after ultrasound treatment (200 W). This study revealed that 2485 proteins were extracted from Bacillus cereus spores, most of them were related to metabolism. After ultrasound treatment, the expression of 340 proteins were significantly changed (the fold change ≥ 2 and p < 0.05), of which 207 proteins were significantly down-regulated. KEGG pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins mainly distributed in metabolism pathway, cell process pathway and genetic information processing pathway after ultrasound treatment. Furthermore, this study analyzed the differentially expressed proteins in significant enrichment pathways. In particular, the expression of key proteins in the phosphorylation reaction of spores was significantly decreased after ultrasound treatment. Thus, ATP synthesis rate decreased and the phosphorylation reaction inhibited. Also, the decrease of the expression of key proteins related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle led to the decrease of nutrients metabolism of spores. Ultrasound treatment induced the down-regulation of fatty acid synthetase expression and promoted fatty acid metabolism at the same time. The content of fatty acids decreased in spores consequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Lv
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enbo Xu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Amiri S, Mohammadi Zeydi M, Amiri N. Bacillus cereus saba.zh, a novel bacterial strain for the production of bioplastic (polyhydroxybutyrate). Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2117-2128. [PMID: 34510397 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel bacterial strains with a high production potential of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to substitute the bioplastics with non-biodegradable plastics and reducing environmental pollution is really effective. The present study was done with the purpose of PHB bioplastic production using a novel bacterial strain. Twenty-one different bacterial isolates were obtained from petrochemical wastewater, which among them, 10 isolates were PHB positive. The presence of PHB granules was detected in the isolates using Sudan Black B staining. The most excellent PHB-accumulating bacterium with a maximum yield of PHB (61.53%) was selected and identified as Bacillus cereus saba.zh, based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence of the bacterium was assigned accession number: MT975245 in the NCBI database. The phylogenetic tree data showed that the closest type strain to the Bacillus cereus saba.zh is the Bacillus cereus SDB4 (91%). The three genes (phaA, phaB, and phaC) responsible for the PHB biosynthesis were amplified using the specific oligonucleotide primers by PCR technique. The highest PHB yield was achieved when the culture medium was supplemented with 3% sugarcane molasses as a carbon source, ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source, at pH 7, and temperature of 30 °C. The characterization of the extracted polymer by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy proves the presence of methyl, methylene, methine, hydroxyl, and ester carbonyl groups and confirmed the structure of biopolymer as PHB. The novel strain Bacillus cereus saba.zh has good potential as an appropriate candidate for low-cost industrial production of bioplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Amiri
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
| | | | - Nasim Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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Hamitouche F, Armengaud J, Dedieu L, Duport C. Cysteine Proteome Reveals Response to Endogenous Oxidative Stress in Bacillus cereus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7550. [PMID: 34299167 PMCID: PMC8305198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of exponential growth, aerobic bacteria have to cope with the accumulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the main targets of these ROS is cysteine residues in proteins. This study uses liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to detect significant changes in protein abundance and thiol status for cysteine-containing proteins from Bacillus cereus during aerobic exponential growth. The proteomic profiles of cultures at early-, middle-, and late-exponential growth phases reveals that (i) enrichment in proteins dedicated to fighting ROS as growth progressed, (ii) a decrease in both overall proteome cysteine content and thiol proteome redox status, and (iii) changes to the reduced thiol status of some key proteins, such as the transition state transcriptional regulator AbrB. Taken together, our data indicate that growth under oxic conditions requires increased allocation of protein resources to attenuate the negative effects of ROS. Our data also provide a strong basis to understand the response mechanisms used by B. cereus to deal with endogenous oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fella Hamitouche
- Biology Department, Campus Jean-Henri Fabre, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France; (F.H.); (L.D.)
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
| | - Luc Dedieu
- Biology Department, Campus Jean-Henri Fabre, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France; (F.H.); (L.D.)
| | - Catherine Duport
- Biology Department, Campus Jean-Henri Fabre, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France; (F.H.); (L.D.)
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Lim ES, Baek SY, Oh T, Koo M, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Strain variation in Bacillus cereus biofilms and their susceptibility to extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245708. [PMID: 34133441 PMCID: PMC8208538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen and can form biofilms on food contact surfaces, which causes food hygiene problems. While it is necessary to understand strain-dependent variation to effectively control these biofilms, strain-to-strain variation in the structure of B. cereus biofilms is poorly understood. In this study, B. cereus strains from tatsoi (BC4, BC10, and BC72) and the ATCC 10987 reference strain were incubated at 30°C to form biofilms in the presence of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes DNase I, proteinase K, dispase II, cellulase, amyloglucosidase, and α-amylase to assess the susceptibility to these enzymes. The four strains exhibited four different patterns in terms of biofilm susceptibility to the enzymes as well as morphology of surface-attached biofilms or suspended cell aggregates. DNase I inhibited the biofilm formation of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 but not of strains BC10 and BC72. This result suggests that some strains may not have extracellular DNA, or their extracellular DNA may be protected in their biofilms. In addition, the strains exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to protein- and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. While other strains were resistant, strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 were susceptible to cellulase, suggesting that cellulose or its similar polysaccharides may exist and play an essential role in their biofilm formation. Our compositional and imaging analyses of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 suggested that the physicochemical properties of their biofilms are distinct, as calculated by the carbohydrate to protein ratio. Taken together, our study suggests that the extracellular matrix of B. cereus biofilms may be highly diverse and provides insight into the diverse mechanisms of biofilm formation among B. cereus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seob Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youb Baek
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Oh
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseon Koo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JSK)
| | - Joo-Sung Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JSK)
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Lv L, Mu D, Du Y, Yan R, Jiang H. Mechanism of the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Combination of Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus on Immunocompromised Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694344. [PMID: 34211480 PMCID: PMC8239396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency is a very common condition in suboptimal health status and during the development or treatment of many diseases. Recently, probiotics have become an important means for immune regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of a combination of live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus (CBLEB), which is a drug used by approximately 10 million patients every year, on cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed rats. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to induce immunosuppression in a rat model on days 1, 2, 3, and 10. Starting from day 4, the rats were continuously gavaged with CBLEB solution for 15 days. The samples were collected to determine routine blood test parameters, liver and kidney functions, serum cytokine levels, gut microbiota, fecal and serum metabolomes, transcriptomes, and histopathological features. The results indicated that CBLEB treatment reduced cyclophosphamide-induced death, weight loss, and damage to the gut, liver, spleen, and lungs and eliminated a cyclophosphamide-induced increase in the mean hemoglobin content and GGT, M-CSF, and MIP-3α levels and a decrease in the red blood cell distribution width and total protein and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, CBLEB corrected cyclophosphamide-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and eliminated all cyclophosphamide-induced alterations at the phylum level in rat feces, including the enrichment in Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota and depletion of Spirochaetota and Cyanobacteria. Furthermore, CBLEB treatment alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced alterations in the whole fecal metabolome profile, including enrichment in 1-heptadecanol, succinic acid, hexadecane-1,2-diol, nonadecanoic acid, and pentadecanoic acid and depletion of benzenepropanoic acid and hexane. CBLEB treatment also alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced enrichment in serum D-lyxose and depletion of serum succinic acid, D-galactose, L-5-oxoproline, L-alanine, and malic acid. The results of transcriptome analysis indicated that the mechanism of the effect of CBLEB was related to the induction of recovery of cyclophosphamide-altered carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. In conclusion, the present study provides an experimental basis and comprehensive analysis of application of CBLEB for the treatment of immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deguang Mu
- Zhejiang Provincal People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sinaei N, Zare D, Azin M. Production and characterization of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate in wheat starch wastewater and its potential for nanoparticle synthesis. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:561-573. [PMID: 33462720 PMCID: PMC8105482 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers with biodegradable and biocompatible properties accumulated in a wide variety of bacterial strains. In the present study, active sludge, wheat starch wastewater (WSW), and oil wastewater were used for the isolation and screening of PHA-accumulating bacteria. WSW was then implemented as a cheap and economical culture medium for the production of PHAs by the selected isolate. The extracted PHA was characterized, and the capability of produced biopolymer for preparing nanoparticles was evaluated. Based on the results, 96 different bacterial isolates were obtained, of which the strains isolated from WSW demonstrated the highest PHA-accumulation capability. The maximum PHA content of 3.07 g/l (59.50% of dry cell weight) was obtained by strain N6 in 21 h. The selected strain was identified by molecular approaches as Bacillus cereus. Afterward, the physicochemical characterization of an accumulated biopolymer was specified as a PHBV copolymer. Finally, spherical homogenous PHBV nanoparticles with a size of 137 nm were achieved. The PHBV nanoparticles showed a suitable small size and good zeta potential for medical applications. Hence, it can be concluded that isolated wild strain (B. cereus) has the potential exploitation capability for cost-effective PHBV production using the WSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sinaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zare
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Azin
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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