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Voigt J, Martin K, Neziri E, Baljozović M, Wäckerlin C, Avarvari N, Ernst KH. Highly Stereospecific On-Surface Dimerization into Bishelicenes: Topochemical Ullmann Coupling of Bromohelicene on Au(111). Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300134. [PMID: 36856040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface dimerization into bis(hexahelicene) on a gold(111) surface has been studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry. C-C Ullmann coupling of (rac)-2-bromo-hexahelicene leads to formation of the (M,M)- and (P,P)- diastereomers of 2,2'-bis(hexahelicene), whilst formation of the (M,P)-diastereomer is not observed. Upon cooling, the bis(hexahelicene) aggregates into an ordered two-dimensional lattice with partly randomly distributed enantiomers. The highly specific diastereomeric coupling is explained by the surface alignment of educt in combination with the strong steric overcrowding in a possible surface-confined (M,P)-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voigt
- Empa Materials Science and Technology: Empa, Molecular Surface Science, SWITZERLAND
| | - Kévin Martin
- Angers University: Universite d'Angers, Chemistry, FRANCE
| | - Egzona Neziri
- Empa Materials Science and Technology: Empa, Molecular Surface Science, SWITZERLAND
| | - Miloš Baljozović
- Empa Materials Science and Technology: Empa, Molecular Surface Science, SWITZERLAND
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa Materials Science and Technology: Empa, Molecular Surface Science, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Surface Science and Coating Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Abt. 208, 8600, Dübendorf, SWITZERLAND
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2
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Nzila A, Musa MM, Afuecheta E, Al-Thukair A, Sankaran S, Xiang L, Li QX. Benzo[A]Pyrene Biodegradation by Multiple and Individual Mesophilic Bacteria under Axenic Conditions and in Soil Samples. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1855. [PMID: 36767220 PMCID: PMC9914810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, only a handful of bacterial strains that can independently degrade and utilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source has been isolated and characterized. Here, three new bacterial strains-JBZ1A, JBZ2B, and JBZ5E-were isolated from contaminated soil and, using 16S rRNA sequencing, were identified as Brad rhizobium japonicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The growth ability of each individual strain and a consortium of all strains in the presence of BaP (4-400 µmol·L-1, pH 7, 37 °C) was identified by the doubling time (dt). The results illustrate that dt decreased with increasing BaP concentrations for individual strains and the consortium. The optimum growth conditions of the consortium were 37 °C, 0.5% NaCl (w/v), and pH 7. Under these conditions, the degradation rate was 1.06 µmol·L-1·day-1, whereas that of individual strains ranged from 0.9 to 0.38 µmol·L-1·day-1. B. cereus had the strongest contribution to the consortium's activity, with a degradation rate of 0.9 µmol·L-1·day-1. The consortium could also remove BaP spiked with soil but at a lower rate (0.01 µmol L-1.day-1). High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry permitted the detection of the metabolites of these strains, and a biodegradation pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nzila
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa M. Musa
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Afuecheta
- Departments of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assad Al-Thukair
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Sankaran
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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3
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e32981. [PMID: 36578859 PMCID: PMC9793096 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to occupational polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is correlated with several adverse effects on human health, including bladder, lung, and skin cancer. The correlation between PAH exposure and oxidative stress and tumor markers needs to be further explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effect of acute exposure to PAHs on oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers during the Hajj season in Makkah. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 workers during Hajj; 60 workers were employed in the open air for ≥eight hours/day, exposed them to high levels of considerable traffic and huge crowds, and 45 workers served as our control group who were unexposed and working in a rural area. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed participants' urinary 1-hydroxypyrene to determine PAH levels. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed in serum using a spectrophotometer. The serum p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to calculate multivariate logistic regression analysis for oxidative stress and tumor markers such as age, working period, and smoking status risk factors. Additionally, we evaluated associations between oxidative stress and tumor markers. RESULTS The mean levels of MDA, GST, and LDH were significantly elevated in exposed workers compared to the control group (p<.001). Also, p53 and p21 protein levels were significantly higher in the occupationally exposed group than in the unexposed control group (p<0.05). No significant correlation between age and increased levels of p53 and p21 was found. CONCLUSIONS In our study, PAH exposure is significantly correlated with higher levels of oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers. The evaluation of oxidative stress and tumor marker indicators can efficiently identify workers at high risk of PAH exposure and may assist in preventing future health concerns. More biomarkers should be included in other longitudinal studies to address exposure related to different health risks among workers, especially cancer risk. More prospective studies are required to validate diagnostic utilities and efficiencies of different biomarker combinations.
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Zang X, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Electronic, Structural, and Magnetic Upgrading of Coal-Based Products through Laser Annealing. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2101-2109. [PMID: 35077155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most coal-to-product routes require complex thermal treatment to carbonize the raw materials. However, the lack of unified comparison of products made from different kinds of coals downplays the role of initial coal chemistry in high-temperature reactions. Here, we used a CO2 laser to investigate the roles that aromatic content and maturity play in the structural evolution and doping of coals during annealing. Results show that a bituminous coal (DECS 19) with aromatic content and maturity in between higher rank, more mature anthracite (DECS 21) and lower rank, lower maturity lignite (DECS 25) leads to more graphite-like structure observed from the highest 2D peak on the Raman spectrum and conductivity (sheet resistance ∼30 ohm sq-1) after lasing. When nitrogen dopants are incorporated with saturated urea dopants into coals through laser ablation, nitrogen preferentially incorporates at the edge sites of graphitic grains. Furthermore, oxide nanoparticles can be incorporated into the graphitic backbone of coal to modify their electronic and magnetic properties through laser annealing. Leveraging tunable magnetic behavior, we demonstrate a soft actuator using both conductive and magnetic coal-Fe/Co oxide. Through laser annealing, we propose a paradigm to understand and control coal chemistry toward flexible and tunable doping and magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Adly HM, Saleh SAK. Evaluation of Carcinogenic Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Airborne Particulates Associated with Long-Term Exposure throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12745. [PMID: 34886471 PMCID: PMC8656748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human health differs depending on the duration and exposure path. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of PAHs on the human health risks associated with long-term exposure both before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY PM10 sampling for 24 h was conducted at six sampling sites (Al-Haram, Aziziyah, Al Nuzhah, Muzdalifah, Arafat, and Al Awali). On-site measurements were conducted from March 2020 to February 2021. PAHs were analyzed using Perkin Elmer GC/MS, which was adjusted with standard reagents for identifying 16 PAH mixtures. RESULTS The 24 h average PM10 concentration showed considerable inconsistencies, exceeding the WHO standards used for median exposure (25.0 µgm-3). The PAH intensities fluctuated from 7.67 to 34.7 ng/m3 in a suburban area, near a rush-hour traffic road, and from 6.34 to 37.4 ng/m3 close to business and light manufacturing areas. The highest carcinogenic compound levels were found in the Al-Azizia, Al Muzdalifah, and Al Nuzah areas because of the high traffic density, and the lowest concentrations were found in the Al-Haram and Arafat areas throughout the year, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic health precautions that were undertaken by the government of Saudi Arabia involving border entry limits and limitations of the Umrah and Hajj seasons. CONCLUSION This study period is considered extraordinary as the Saudi Arabian government has undertaken successful preventive measures that have had a great effect both on the spread of the pandemic and in reducing air pollution in Makkah. More studies are required to examine PAHs' carcinogenic effects after the pandemic measures are eased across Makkah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mohamed Adly
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleh Ahmed K. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11435, Egypt
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6
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Leijs M, Schaefer H, Rübben A, Cacchi C, Rustemeyer T, van der Bent S. Cutaneous Malignancies in Tattoos, a Case Series of Six Patients. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4721-37. [PMID: 34898571 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of side effects following the tattooing of the skin were reported over the years. Analytical studies showed that some tattoo inks contain harmful compounds. Methods: We presented six patient cases with cutaneous malignancies in tattooed skin and performed an extensive literature research. Results: Two patients with black ink tattoos that were diagnosed with malignant melanoma raises the number of described cases to 36 patients. One of the patients developed an immunologic reaction limited to the tattoo area after treatment with a targeted immune therapy. In the other patient, the malignancy (malignant melanoma) was fatal. Basal cell carcinoma was seen in four patients with tattoos containing varying ink colors (black, green, red). This increased the number of described patient cases to 18. Although some ink components and their cleavage products have carcinogenic properties, epidemiological evidence for a causative correlation fails. Further epidemiologic studies on tattoos and malignancies, as well as on the appearance of naevi in tattoos, are necessary. Determining the type of mutation might be helpful to separate sun-induced tumors from skin cancers due to other pathogenic mechanisms.
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7
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Segner H, Bailey C, Tafalla C, Bo J. Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics in Fish: A Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179460. [PMID: 34502366 PMCID: PMC8430475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic contaminants on the immune system of fishes is an issue of growing concern. An important xenobiotic receptor that mediates effects of chemicals, such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Fish toxicological research has focused on the role of this receptor in xenobiotic biotransformation as well as in causing developmental, cardiac, and reproductive toxicity. However, biomedical research has unraveled an important physiological role of the AhR in the immune system, what suggests that this receptor could be involved in immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. The aims of the present review are to critically discuss the available knowledge on (i) the expression and possible function of the AhR in the immune systems of teleost fishes; and (ii) the impact of AhR-activating xenobiotics on the immune systems of fish at the levels of immune gene expression, immune cell proliferation and immune cell function, immune pathology, and resistance to infectious disease. The existing information indicates that the AhR is expressed in the fish immune system, but currently, we have little understanding of its physiological role. Exposure to AhR-activating contaminants results in the modulation of numerous immune structural and functional parameters of fish. Despite the diversity of fish species studied and the experimental conditions investigated, the published findings rather uniformly point to immunosuppressive actions of xenobiotic AhR ligands in fish. These effects are often associated with increased disease susceptibility. The fact that fish populations from HAH- and PAH-contaminated environments suffer immune disturbances and elevated disease susceptibility highlights that the immunotoxic effects of AhR-activating xenobiotics bear environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
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8
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Irziqat B, Cebrat A, Baljozović M, Martin K, Parschau M, Avarvari N, Ernst KH. Stereospecific on-Surface Cyclodehydrogenation of Bishelicenes: Preservation of Handedness from Helical to Planar Chirality. Chemistry 2021; 27:13523-13526. [PMID: 34387926 PMCID: PMC8518606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaaeddin Irziqat
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Cebrat
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miloš Baljozović
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kévin Martin
- MOLTECH-Anjou UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Manfred Parschau
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- MOLTECH-Anjou UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Richardson GM, Douair I, Cameron SA, Maron L, Anker MD. Ytterbium (II) Hydride as a Powerful Multielectron Reductant. Chemistry 2021; 27:13144-13148. [PMID: 34258796 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric β-diketiminato ytterbium(II) hydride affects both the two-electron aromatization of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) and the more challenging two-electron reduction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including naphthalene (E0 =-2.60 V). Confirmed by Density Functional Theory calculations, these reactions proceed via consecutive polarized Yb-H/C=C insertion and deprotonation steps to provide the respective ytterbium (II) inverse sandwich complexes and hydrogen gas. These observations highlight the ability of a simple ytterbium(II) hydride to act as a powerful two-electron reductant at room temperature without the necessity of an external electron to initiate the reaction and avoiding radicaloid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Richardson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS ( INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Scott A Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS ( INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathew D Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Patel DI, Roychowdhury T, Shah D, Jacobsen C, Herrington JS, Hoisington J, Myers C, Salazar BG, Walker AV, Bell DS, Linford MR. 6-Phenylhexyl silane derivatized, sputtered silicon solid phase microextraction fiber for the parts-per-trillion detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water and baby formula. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2824-2836. [PMID: 33989452 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of 6-phenylhexylsilane derivatized, sputtered silicon, solid phase microextraction fibers that show parts per trillion detection limits for polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and negligible carry over and phase bleed. Their fabrication involves sputtering silicon on silica fibers under various conditions. Six different fibers were evaluated by generating three different thicknesses of sputtered silicon at two different throw distances, which altered the morphologies of the silicon surfaces. All of the fibers were coated with similar thicknesses of 6-phenylhexylsilane (ca. 2 nm). These fibers were characterized with multiple analytical techniques. The optimum fiber configuration was then used to analyze polyaromatic hydrocarbons via direct immersion, gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Our best fiber for the extraction of low molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water had similar performance to that of a commercial fiber. However, our fiber demonstrated ca. 3 times the extraction efficiency for higher molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, it outperformed the commercial fiber by showing better linearity, repeatability, and detection limits. A method for analyzing polyaromatic hydrocarbons in baby formula was developed, which showed very good linearity (0.5-125 ppb), repeatability (2-26%), detection limits (0.12-0.81 ppb), and recoveries (103-135%). In addition, our fiber showed much less (negligible) carry over and phase bleed than the commercially available fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay I Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Tuhin Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Dhruv Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Collin Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
| | - Jason S Herrington
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, 16823, USA
| | - Jason Hoisington
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, 16823, USA
| | - Colton Myers
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, 16823, USA
| | - Bryan G Salazar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Amy V Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, 16823, USA
| | - Matthew R Linford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA
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11
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Chan DH, Millet A, Fisher CR, Price MC, Burchell MJ, Armes SP. Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole-Coated Anthracene Microparticles: A New Synthetic Mimic for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Cosmic Dust. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:3175-3185. [PMID: 33405514 PMCID: PMC7880557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found throughout the universe. The ubiquity of these organic molecules means that they are of considerable interest in the context of cosmic dust, which typically travels at hypervelocities (>1 km s-1) within our solar system. However, studying such fast-moving micrometer-sized particles in laboratory-based experiments requires suitable synthetic mimics. Herein, we use ball-milling to produce microparticles of anthracene, which is the simplest member of the PAH family. Size control can be achieved by varying the milling time in the presence of a suitable anionic commercial polymeric dispersant (Morwet D-425). These anthracene microparticles are then coated with a thin overlayer of polypyrrole (PPy), which is an air-stable organic conducting polymer. The uncoated and PPy-coated anthracene microparticles are characterized in terms of their particle size, surface morphology, and chemical structure using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, aqueous electrophoresis, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, such microparticles can be accelerated up to hypervelocities using a light gas gun. Finally, studies of impact craters indicate carbon debris, so they are expected to serve as the first synthetic mimic for PAH-based cosmic dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K.
| | - Arthur Millet
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K.
| | - Callum R. Fisher
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Ingram Building,
Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Mark C. Price
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Ingram Building,
Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Mark J. Burchell
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Ingram Building,
Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K.
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12
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Abstract
Chrysene and its bisbenzannulated homologue, naphtho[2,3-c]tetraphene, were synthesized through a PtCl2 -catalyzed cyclization of alkynes, which also furnished corresponding biaryls subsequent to a Glaser coupling reaction of the starting alkynes. The optoelectronic properties of 5,5'-bichrysenyl and 6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]tetraphene were compared to their chrysene-based "monomers". Oxidative cyclodehydrogenations of bichrysenyl and its higher homologue towards large nanographenes were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Nathusius
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Since the first synthetic report in 2003 by Sakurai et al., sumanene (derived from the Indian 'Hindi as well as Sanskrit word' "Suman", which means "Sunflower"), a beautifully simple yet much effective bowl-shaped C 3-symmetric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having three benzylic positions clipped between three phenyl rings in the triphenylene framework has attracted a tremendous attention of researchers worldwide. Therefore, since its first successful synthesis, a variety of functionalized sumanenes as well as heterosumanenes have been developed because of their unique physiochemical properties. For example, bowl-to-bowl inversion, bowl depth, facial selectivity, crystal packing, metal complexes, intermolecular charge transfer systems, cation-π complexation, electron conductivity, optical properties and so on. Keeping the importance of this beautiful scaffold in mind, we compiled all the synthetic routes available for the construction of sumanene and its heteroatom derivatives including Mehta's first unsuccessful effort up to the latest achievements. Our major goal to write this review article was to provide a quick summary of where the field has been, where it stands at present, and where it might be going in near future. Although several reviews have been published on sumanene chemistry dealing with different aspects but this is the first report that comprehensively describes the 'all-in-one' chemistry of the sumanene architecture since its invention to till date. We feel that this attractive review article will definitely help the scientific community working not only in the area of organic synthesis but also in materials science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India, Phone: +91-7011867613
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India, Phone: +91-7011867613
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14
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Wu B, Jiang L, Luo Y, Wang C. The Effect of the Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon in the Formation of Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3942-3947. [PMID: 31883185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous advances in nanoscience have been made since the discovery of fullerenes. However, the short timescale of the growth process and high-energy conditions of synthesis result in severe constraints to investigation of the mechanism of fullerene formation. In this work, we attempted to reveal the formation process by analyzing the variation in the yield of fullerenes under different conditions. Experiments and theoretical analysis show that the formation of fullerenes could be affected by the addition of polycyclic aromatic compounds. It is proposed that the formation of C60 during arc-discharge synthesis is fragment assembling, while the yield of C2m (m=35, 38, 39) is strongly enhanced by building-block splicing. In addition, several features of the building blocks are put forward to predict the extent of their influence to the formation of larger fullerenes C2n (n≥42). This work not only provides essential insight into the formation process of fullerenes, but more importantly also paves the way to improving the yield of larger fullerenes selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotecnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotecnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotecnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing, 100190, China
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15
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Gońka E, Yang L, Steinbock R, Pesciaioli F, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. π-Extended Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by Sustainable Alkyne Annulations through Double C-H/N-H Activation. Chemistry 2019; 25:16246-16250. [PMID: 31820511 PMCID: PMC6973059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) call for the development of efficient methods for their modular assembly. Herein, we present a π-expansion strategy for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by C-H activation in a sustainable fashion. Thus, twofold C-H/N-H activations were accomplished by versatile ruthenium(II)carboxylate catalysis, providing step-economical access to diversely decorated fluorogenic DPPs that was merged with late-stage palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation on the thus-assembled DPP motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gońka
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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16
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Liu S, Rogachev AY. Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Interactions between Ag + and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2579-2588. [PMID: 29920888 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first comprehensive and systematic theoretical exploration of the bonding nature and energetics of the interactions between Ag(I) cation and a wide set of π-ligands was accomplished. This set ranges from simple ethylene and aromatic benzene to planar and curved polyaromatic molecules and to closed-cage C60 -fullerene. Simultaneous application of two energy decomposition schemes based on different ideas, namely, NBO-NEDA and EDA-NOCV, allowed shedding light on the nature of the bonding and its energetics. Importantly, our results unambiguously indicate that reliable results can be obtained only if using more than one theoretical approach. All methods clearly revealed the importance and even domination of the ionic contribution of the bonding in all adducts, except for those of C60 -fullerene, in which the covalent component was found to be the largest. Subsequent decomposition of the orbital term onto components showed that it consists of two major parts: (i) ligand-to-metal (π(C=C)→s(Ag), L→M) and (ii) metal-to-ligand (M→L) terms, with significant domination of the former. Interestingly, while the L→M component is essentially the same for all systems considered, the nature of the M→L one depends on the coordination site of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In most of adducts, the M→L can be described as dxy (Ag)→π* (C=C) donation, whereas for systems [Ag-spoke-C12 H8 ]+ and [Ag-spoke-C20 H10 ]+ it corresponds to the dz 2 (Ag)→π* (C=C) type of interaction. As a result, the coordination mode in such complexes is switched from η2 -type to η1 . Thus, the nature of the bonding, its energetics and even coordination mode in adducts of unsaturated hydrocarbons with late transition metal cations should be considered as a function of many components, which primarily includes the topology and aromaticity of the (poly)aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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17
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Su B, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed, Silyl-Directed, peri-Borylation of C-H Bonds in Fused Polycyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10163-10167. [PMID: 29779224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
peri-Disubstituted naphthalenes exhibit interesting physical properties and unique chemical reactivity, due to the parallel arrangement of the bonds to the two peri-disposed substituents. Regioselective installation of a functional group at the position peri to 1-substituted naphthalenes is challenging due to the steric interaction between the existing substituent and the position at which the second one would be installed. We report an iridium-catalyzed borylation of the C-H bond peri to a silyl group in naphthalenes and analogous polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The reaction occurs under mild conditions with wide functional group tolerance. The silyl group and the boryl group in the resulting products are precursors to a range of functional groups bound to the naphthalene ring through C-C, C-O, C-N, C-Br and C-Cl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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18
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Singh DP, Prabha R, Gupta VK, Verma MK. Metatranscriptome Analysis Deciphers Multifunctional Genes and Enzymes Linked With the Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Pesticides in the Wheat Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30034370 PMCID: PMC6043799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soils are becoming contaminated with synthetic chemicals like polyaromatic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides due to excessive dependency of crop production systems on the chemical inputs. Microbial degradation of organic pollutants in the agricultural soils is a continuous process due to the metabolic multifunctionalities and enzymatic capabilities of the soil associated communities. The plant rhizosphere with its complex microbial inhabitants and their multiple functions, is amongst the most live and dynamic component of agricultural soils. We analyzed the metatranscriptome data of 20 wheat rhizosphere samples to decipher the taxonomic microbial communities and their multifunctionalities linked with the degradation of organic soil contaminants. The analysis revealed a total of 21 different metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds and 06 for the xenobiotics degradation. Taxonomic annotation of wheat rhizosphere revealed bacteria, especially the Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, firmicutes, bacteroidetes, and cyanobacteria, which are shown to be linked with the degradation of aromatic compounds as the dominant communities. Abundance of the transcripts related to the degradation of aromatic amin compounds, carbazoles, benzoates, naphthalene, ketoadipate pathway, phenols, biphenyls and xenobiotics indicated abundant degradation capabilities in the soils. The results highlighted a potentially dominant role of crop rhizosphere associated microbial communities in the remediation of contaminant aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya P. Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering and Bio-Informatics, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mukesh K. Verma
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering and Bio-Informatics, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India
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19
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Nowicka E, Clarke TJ, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Golunski S, Hutchings GJ, Willock DJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation: The Role of Aromatic Ring Number in Reaction Kinetics and Product Distribution. Chemistry 2017; 24:655-662. [PMID: 29131412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with differing numbers of fused aromatic rings (2-5), have been studied in two solvent environments (monophasic and biphasic) using ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO). RICO reduces the aromaticity of the polyaromatic core of the molecule in a controlled manner by selective oxidative ring opening. Moreover, the nature of the solvent system determines the product type and distribution, for molecules with more than two aromatic rings. Competitive oxidation between substrates with different numbers of aromatic rings has been studied in detail. It was found that the rate of polyaromatic hydrocarbon oxidation increases with the number of fused aromatic rings. A similar trend was also identified for alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons. The proof-of-concept investigation provides new insight into selective oxidation chemistry for upgrading of polyaromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tomos J Clarke
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meenakshisundaram Sankar
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert L Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stanislaw Golunski
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David J Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Manuel Francisco
- ExxonMobil, Research & Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey, 08801, USA
| | - Stuart H Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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20
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Jousselin-Oba T, Sbargoud K, Vaccaro G, Meinardi F, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Novel Fluorophores based on Regioselective Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Acylation of the Pyrene Ring Using Triflic Acid. Chemistry 2017; 23:16184-16188. [PMID: 28944984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extension of the pyrene ring from dimethyl 2,2'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)dibenzoate derivatives by an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation can be realized in an efficient and regioselective manner using triflic acid as proton source. Naphtho-tetracenone derivatives are obtained in high yields at room temperature while Bis-tetracene-diones are prepared upon heating. Both products display interesting fluorescence properties in the visible range with quantum yields varying from 50 to 60 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des États-Unis Bâtiment Lavoisier, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Kamal Sbargoud
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des États-Unis Bâtiment Lavoisier, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Gianfranco Vaccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- UMR CNRS 7647, LPICM-École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, Paris, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des États-Unis Bâtiment Lavoisier, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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21
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Zeng M, Shah SA, Huang D, Parviz D, Yu YH, Wang X, Green MJ, Cheng Z. Aqueous Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Assisted by Sulfonyl Graphene Quantum Dots for Photonic Crystal Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:30797-30804. [PMID: 28816428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the π-π stacking of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with graphene surfaces, showing that such interactions are general across a wide range of PAH sizes and species, including graphene quantum dots. We synthesized a series of graphene quantum dots with sulfonyl, amino, and carboxylic functional groups and employed them to exfoliate and disperse pristine graphene in water. We observed that sulfonyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots were able to stabilize the highest concentration of graphene in comparison to other functional groups; this is consistent with prior findings by pyrene. The graphene nanosheets prepared showed excellent colloidal stability, indicating great potential for applications in electronics, solar cells, and photonic displays which was demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dali Huang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Yu
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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22
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Benigni P, Sandoval K, Thompson CJ, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Gardinali P, Fernandez-Lima F. Analysis of Photoirradiated Water Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oils Using Tandem TIMS and FT-ICR MS. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:5978-5988. [PMID: 28457132 PMCID: PMC5661887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) in tandem with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is applied to the analysis of the low energy water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a crude oil as a function of the exposure to light. The TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provided, in addition to the heteroatom series identification, new insights into the WAF isomeric complexity (e.g., [m/z; chemical formula; collision cross section] data sets) for a better evaluation of the degree of chemical and structural photoinduced transformations. Inspection of the [m/z; chemical formula; collision cross section] data sets shows that the WAF composition changes as a function of the exposure to light in the first 115 h by initial photosolubilization of HC components and their photo-oxidation up to O4-5 of mainly high double bond equivalence species (DBE > 9). The addition of high resolution TIMS (resolving power of 90-220) to ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR MS (resolving power over 400k) permitted the identification of a larger number of molecular components in a single analysis (e.g., over 47k using TIMS-MS compared to 12k by MS alone), with instances of over 6-fold increase in the number of molecular features per nominal mass due to the WAF isomeric complexity. This work represents a stepping stone toward a better understanding of the WAF components and highlights the need for better experimental and theoretical approaches to characterize the WAF structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benigni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kathia Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | | | - Melvin A. Park
- Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
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23
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Abstract
Air pollution is increasing beyond previous estimates and is viewed as the world's largest environmental health risk factor. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have highlighted the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on health. Although there is comparatively less research investigating the cutaneous effects of ambient pollution, there is growing recognition of the adverse effects on skin. In this article, we provide an overview of the nature of environmental pollution and highlight the current evidence detailing the effects on cutaneous health. There is convincing evidence demonstrating that air pollution has a detrimental impact on skin and can exacerbate skin disease. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are required to assess the short- and long-term deleterious effects of ambient pollutant exposure on skin. The future challenge would be to use this evidence to develop specific strategies to protect against pollution-induced damage and prevent the effects of "bad air getting under our skin."
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanna Koohgoli
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Hudson
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Khimara Naidoo
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark A Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) using nanoparticles and high-energy optical photons. Most of these reactions are carried out in solutions, whereas the local modification of GO on solid substrates still remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the local reduction of GO and its further destruction, leading to the synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) stimulated by localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The reduction of GO and the synthesis of PAHs have been carried out on a substrate designed for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We found that LSPs initiate the destruction of water molecules entrapped in the nanogaps between silver nanoparticles after the deposition of GO from the aqueous suspension. It was demonstrated that OH radicals, as a result of water decomposition, initiate the reduction of GO, leading to the synthesis of PAHs. The reactions have been observed in real time by using SERS. The measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics through conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM), recorded in an LSP-stimulated area, have shown the increased electrical conductivity (more than ten times) compared with the conductivity of GO. The synthesis of new compounds in the LSP-stimulated area has been confirmed by the appearance of new peaks in the Raman spectra and nonlinear I-V characteristics typical for PAHs. We show that the used method allows the local modification of electrical properties of GO and controlled nanopattering of organic compounds on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ramanauskaite
- Research Centre for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 65-203, 51369, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Huizhong Xu
- Department of Physics, St. John's University, 8000, Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, NY, USA
| | - Valentinas Snitka
- Research Centre for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 65-203, 51369, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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25
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Wald J, Hroudova M, Jansa J, Vrchotova B, Macek T, Uhlik O. Pseudomonads Rule Degradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Aerated Sediment. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1268. [PMID: 26635740 PMCID: PMC4652016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the degradation of aromatic pollutants in anaerobic environments such as sediment is generally very slow, aeration could be an efficient bioremediation option. Using stable isotope probing (SIP) coupled with pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes, we identified naphthalene-utilizing populations in aerated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-polluted sediment. The results showed that naphthalene was metabolized at both 10 and 20°C following oxygen delivery, with increased degradation at 20°C as compared to 10°C—a temperature more similar to that found in situ. Naphthalene-derived 13C was primarily assimilated by pseudomonads. Additionally, Stenotrophomonas, Acidovorax, Comamonas, and other minor taxa were determined to incorporate 13C throughout the measured time course. The majority of SIP-detected bacteria were also isolated in pure cultures, which facilitated more reliable identification of naphthalene-utilizing populations as well as proper differentiation between primary consumers and cross-feeders. The pseudomonads acquiring the majority of carbon were identified as Pseudomonas veronii and Pseudomonas gessardii. Stenotrophomonads and Acidovorax defluvii, however, were identified as cross-feeders unable to directly utilize naphthalene as a growth substrate. PAH degradation assays with the isolated bacteria revealed that all pseudomonads as well as Comamonas testosteroni degraded acenaphthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene in addition to naphthalene. Furthermore, P. veronii and C. testosteroni were capable of transforming anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Screening of isolates for naphthalene dioxygenase genes using a set of in-house designed primers for Gram-negative bacteria revealed the presence of such genes in pseudomonads and C. testosteroni. Overall, our results indicated an apparent dominance of pseudomonads in the sequestration of carbon from naphthalene and potential degradation of other PAHs upon aeration of the sediment at both 20 and 10°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Hroudova
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Vrchotova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Macek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Abstract
In this work, we characterize the nonvalence correlation-bound anion states of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Unlike the analogous image potential states of graphene that localize the charge density of the excess electron above and below the plane of the sheet, we find that for PAHs, much of the charge distribution of the excess electron is localized around the periphery of the molecule. This is a consequence of the electrostatic interaction of the electron with the polar CH groups. By replacing the H atoms by F atoms or the CH groups by N atoms, the charge density of the excess electron shifts from the periphery to above and below the plane of the ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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27
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Abstract
A novel system integrating an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a two-stage biological aerated filter (BAF) system was investigated as advanced treatment of heavy oil wastewater with large amounts of dissolved recalcitrant organic substances and low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. #1 BAF, inoculated with two yeast strains (Candida tropicalis and Rhodotorula dairenensis), was installed in the upper reaches of #2 BAF inoculated with activated sludge. During the 180-day study period, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), oil and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the wastewater were removed by 90.2%, 90.8%, 86.5% and 89.4%, respectively. Although the wastewater qualities fluctuated and the hydraulic retention time continuously decreased, the effluent quality index met the national discharge standard steadily. The UASB process greatly improved the biodegradability of the wastewater, while #1 BAF played an important role not only in degrading COD but also in removing oil and high molecular weight PAHs. This work demonstrates that the hybrid UASB-BAFs system containing yeast-bacteria consortium has the potential to be used in bioremediation of high-strength oily wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zou
- a School of Civil Engineering and Architecture , East China Jiaotong University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330013 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Molnárné Guricza L, Schrader W. Electrospray ionization for determination of non-polar polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic heterocycles in heavy crude oil asphaltenes. J Mass Spectrom 2015; 50:549-557. [PMID: 25800191 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is the most common ionization method in atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry because of its easy use and handling and because a diverse range of components can be effectively ionized from high to medium polarity. Usually, ESI is not employed for the analysis of non-polar hydrocarbons, but under some circumstances, they are effectively ionized. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocycles can form radical ions and protonated molecules after ESI, which were detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The highly condensed aromatic structures are obtained from a heavy crude oil, and the results show class distribution from pure hydrocarbons up to more non-basic nitrogen-containing species. By using different solvent compositions [toluene/methanol (50/50 v/v), dichloromethane/methanol (50/50 v/v), dichloromethane/acetonitrile (50/50 v/v) and chloroform], the results show that the lack of proton donor agent helps to preserve the radical formation that was created at the metal/solution interface inside the electrospray capillary. The results demonstrate that with an appropriate selection of solvent and capillary voltage, the ratio between the detected radical ion and protonated molecule form can be manipulated. Therefore, ESI can be expanded for the investigation of asphaltene and other polyaromatic systems beyond the polar constituents as non-polar hydrocarbons can be efficiently analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Molnárné Guricza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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SHINOKUBO H. Transition metal catalyzed borylation of functional π-systems. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2014; 90:1-11. [PMID: 24492644 PMCID: PMC3923104 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.90.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Borylated functional π-systems are useful building blocks to enable efficient synthesis of novel molecular architectures with beautiful structures, intriguing properties and unique functions. Introduction of boronic ester substituents to a variety of extended π-systems can be achieved through either iridium-catalyzed direct C-H borylation or the two-step procedure via electrophilic halogenation followed by palladium-catalyzed borylation. This review article focuses on our recent progress on borylation of large π-conjugated systems such as porphyrins, perylene bisimides, hexabenzocoronenes and dipyrrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi SHINOKUBO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Raman M, Ambalam P, Kondepudi KK, Pithva S, Kothari C, Patel AT, Purama RK, Dave J, Vyas B. Potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for management of colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:181-92. [PMID: 23511582 PMCID: PMC3669163 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in USA. Escaping apoptosis and cell mutation are the prime hallmarks of cancer. It is apparent that balancing the network between DNA damage and DNA repair is critical in preventing carcinogenesis. One-third of cancers might be prevented by nutritious healthy diet, maintaining healthy weight and physical activity. In this review, an attempt is made to abridge the role of carcinogen in colorectal cancer establishment and prognosis, where special attention has been paid to food-borne mutagens and functional role of beneficial human gut microbiome in evading cancer. Further the significance of tailor-made prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in cancer management by bio-antimutagenic and desmutagenic activity has been elaborated. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host. Prebiotics are a selectively fermentable non-digestible oligosaccharide or ingredient that brings specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, conferring health benefits. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotic bacteria and the growth promoting prebiotic ingredients that purport "synergism."
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raman
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Chennai, India
| | - Padma Ambalam
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India,Correspondence to: Padma Ambalam,
| | | | - Sheetal Pithva
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India
| | - Arti T. Patel
- SMC College of Dairy Science; Anand Agricultural University; Anand, India
| | | | | | - B.R.M. Vyas
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
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31
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John RC, Essien JP, Akpan SB, Okpokwasili GC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from aviation fuel spill site at Ibeno, Nigeria. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2012; 88:1014-9. [PMID: 22456728 PMCID: PMC3339054 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria were isolated from aviation fuel contaminated soil at Inua Eyet Ikot in Ibeno, Nigeria. PAH-degrading bacteria in the contaminated soil were isolated by enrichment culture technique. Isolates with high PAH degrading potential characterized by their extensive growth on PAH-supplemented minimal salt medium were screened for their naphthalene, phenanthrene and chrysene degradability. The screening medium which contained selected PAHs as the sole source of carbon and energy showed that Micrococcus varians AFS-2, Pseudomonas putida AFS-3 and Alcaligenes faecalis AFS-5 exhibited a concentration-dependent growth in all the PAH-compounds tested. There were visible changes in the color of growth medium suggesting the production of different metabolites. Their acclimation to different PAH substrates was also evident as A. faecalis AFS-5 isolated from chrysene grew well on other less complex aromatic compounds. The isolate exhibited best growth (0.44 OD(600)) when exposed to 10 ppm of chrysene for 5 days and could utilize up to 90 ppm of chrysene. This isolate and others with strong PAH-degrading potentials are recommended for bioremediation of PAHs in aviation fuel-contaminated sites in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C John
- Department of Microbiology, University of Port Hacourt, Port Hacourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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32
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Guastadisegni C, Kelly FJ, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Janssen NA, Pozzi R, Brunekreef B, Sandström T, Mudway I. Determinants of the proinflammatory action of ambient particulate matter in immortalized murine macrophages. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:1728-34. [PMID: 20663738 PMCID: PMC3002192 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximity to traffic-related pollution has been associated with poor respiratory health in adults and children. OBJECTIVES We wished to test the hypothesis that particulate matter (PM) from high-traffic sites would display an enhanced capacity to elicit inflammation. METHODS We examined the inflammatory potential of coarse [2.5-10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5-10))] and fine [0.1-2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(0.1-2.5))] PM collected from nine sites throughout Europe with contrasting traffic contributions. We incubated murine monocytic-macrophagic RAW264.7 cells with PM samples from these sites (20 or 60 µg/cm²) and quantified their capacity to stimulate the release of arachidonic acid (AA) or the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) as measures of their inflammatory potential. Responses were then related to PM composition: metals, hydrocarbons, anions/cations, and endotoxin content. RESULTS Inflammatory responses to ambient PM varied markedly on an equal mass basis, with PM(2.5-10) displaying the largest signals and contrasts among sites. Notably, we found no evidence of enhanced inflammatory potential at high-traffic sites and observed some of the largest responses at sites distant from traffic. Correlation analyses indicated that much of the sample-to-sample contrast in the proinflammatory response was related to the content of endotoxin and transition metals (especially iron and copper) in PM(2.5-10). Use of the metal chelator diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid inhibited AA release, whereas recombinant endotoxin-neutralizing protein partially inhibited TNFα production, demonstrating that different PM components triggered inflammatory responses through separate pathways. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that PM collected from sites in close proximity to traffic sources displayed enhanced proinflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guastadisegni
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank J. Kelly
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flemming R. Cassee
- Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam E. Gerlofs-Nijland
- Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole A.H. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Pozzi
- Department of Technology and Health, Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to I.S. Mudway, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St., Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK. Telephone: 44-20-7848-3895. Fax: 44-20-7848-3891. E-mail:
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33
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Short LC, Cai SS, Syage JA. APPI-MS: effects of mobile phases and VUV lamps on the detection of PAH compounds. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007; 18:589-99. [PMID: 17188507 PMCID: PMC2709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The technique of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) has several advantages over electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), including efficient ionization of nonpolar or low charge affinity compounds, reduced susceptibility to ion suppression, high sensitivity, and large linear dynamic range. These benefits are greatest at low flow rates (i.e.,
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