1
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Smith LR, Sainna MA, Douthwaite M, Davies TE, Dummer NF, Willock DJ, Knight DW, Catlow CRA, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Gas Phase Glycerol Valorization over Ceria Nanostructures with Well-Defined Morphologies. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4893-4907. [PMID: 34055453 PMCID: PMC8154328 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol solutions were vaporized and reacted over ceria catalysts with different morphologies to investigate the relationship of product distribution to the surface facets exposed, particularly, the yield of bio-renewable methanol. Ceria was prepared with cubic, rodlike, and polyhedral morphologies via hydrothermal synthesis by altering the concentration of the precipitating agent or synthesis temperature. Glycerol conversion was found to be low over the ceria with a cubic morphology, and this was ascribed to both a low surface area and relatively high acidity. Density functional theory calculations also showed that the (100) surface is likely to be hydroxylated under reaction conditions which could limit the availability of basic sites. Methanol space-time-yields over the polyhedral ceria samples were more than four times that for the cubic material at 400 °C, where 201 g of methanol was produced per hour per kilogram of the catalyst. Under comparable glycerol conversions, we show that the rodlike and polyhedral catalysts produce a major intermediate to methanol, hydroxyacetone (HA), with a selectivity of ca. 45%, but that over the cubic sample, this was found to be 15%. This equates to a 13-fold increase in the space-time-yield of HA over the polyhedral samples compared to the cubes at 320 °C. The implications of this difference are discussed with respect to the reaction mechanism, suggesting that a different mechanism dominates over the cubic catalysts to that for rodlike and polyhedral catalysts. The strong association between exposed surface facets of ceria to high methanol yields is an important consideration for future catalyst design in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R. Smith
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mala A. Sainna
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Thomas E. Davies
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Nicholas F. Dummer
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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2
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Nowicka E, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Controlled reduction of aromaticity of alkylated polyaromatic compounds by selective oxidation using H 2WO 4, H 3PO 4 and H 2O 2: a route for upgrading heavy oil fractions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01986d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity in the oxidation of alkylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon can be specifically controlled by the choice solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | | | - Robert L. Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | | | | | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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3
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Evans CD, Douthwaite M, Carter JH, Pattisson S, Kondrat SA, Bethell D, Knight DW, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Enhancing the understanding of the glycerol to lactic acid reaction mechanism over AuPt/TiO 2 under alkaline conditions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:134705. [PMID: 32268741 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of glycerol under alkaline conditions in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst can be tailored to the formation of lactic acid, an important commodity chemical. Despite recent advances in this area, the mechanism for its formation is still a subject of contention. In this study, we use a model 1 wt. % AuPt/TiO2 catalyst to probe this mechanism by conducting a series of isotopic labeling experiments with 1,3-13C glycerol. Optimization of the reaction conditions was first conducted to ensure high selectivity to lactic acid in the isotopic labeling experiments. Selectivity to lactic acid increased with temperature and concentration of NaOH, but increasing the O2 pressure appeared to influence only the rate of reaction. Using 1,3-13C glycerol, we demonstrate that conversion of pyruvaldehyde to lactic acid proceeds via a base-promoted 1,2-hydride shift. There was no evidence to suggest that this occurs via a 2,1-methide shift under the conditions used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Evans
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - James H Carter
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Pattisson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Kondrat
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Bethell
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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4
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Thaore VB, Armstrong RD, Hutchings GJ, Knight DW, Chadwick D, Shah N. Sustainable production of glucaric acid from corn stover via glucose oxidation: An assessment of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation production routes. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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6
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Smith LR, Smith PJ, Mugford KS, Douthwaite M, Dummer NF, Willock DJ, Howard M, Knight DW, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. New insights for the valorisation of glycerol over MgO catalysts in the gas-phase. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous glycerol solutions of up to 50 wt% were reacted over magnesium oxide catalysts at temperatures greater than 300 °C, the reactivity of which was compared to catalyst-free reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R. Smith
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Paul J. Smith
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Karl S. Mugford
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Nicholas F. Dummer
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Mark Howard
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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7
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Dürüst Y, Karakuş H, Kariuki BM, Knight DW. Some reactions of 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-( N-methyl- N-4-substitutedbenzamido) acetic acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1489966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Dürüst
- Department of Chemistry, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hamza Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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8
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Nowicka E, Hickey NW, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Mechanistic Insights into Selective Oxidation of Polyaromatic Compounds using RICO Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:12359-12369. [PMID: 29790204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied in detail using experimental and computational approaches to explore the reaction mechanism. DFT calculations show that regioselectivity in these reactions can be understood in terms of the preservation of aromaticity in the initial formation of a [3+2] metallocycle intermediate at the most-isolated double bond. We identify two competing pathways: C-C bond cleavage leading to a dialdehyde and C-H activation followed by H migration to the RuOx complex to give diketones. Experimentally, the oxidation of pyrene and phenanthrene has been carried out in monophasic and biphasic solvent systems. Our results show that diketones are the major product for both phenanthrene and pyrene substrates. These diketone products are shown to be stable under our reaction conditions so that higher oxidation products (acids and their derivatives) are assigned to the competing pathway through the dialdehyde. Experiments using 18 O-labelled water do show incorporation of oxygen from the solvents into products, but this may take place during the formation of the reactive RuO4 species rather than directly during PAH oxidation. When the oxidation of pyrene is carried out using D2 O, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is observed implying that water is involved in the rate-determining step leading to the diketone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowicka
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Niamh W Hickey
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meenakshisundaram Sankar
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert L Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David J Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Manuel Francisco
- ExxonMobil, Research & Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey, 08801, USA
| | - Stuart H Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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9
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Miedziak PJ, Edwards JK, Taylor SH, Knight DW, Tarbit B, Hutchings GJ. Gold as a Catalyst for the Ring Opening of 2,5-Dimethylfuran. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Nowicka E, Clarke TJ, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Golunski S, Hutchings GJ, Willock DJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation: The Role of Aromatic Ring Number in Reaction Kinetics and Product Distribution. Chemistry 2017; 24:655-662. [PMID: 29131412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with differing numbers of fused aromatic rings (2-5), have been studied in two solvent environments (monophasic and biphasic) using ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO). RICO reduces the aromaticity of the polyaromatic core of the molecule in a controlled manner by selective oxidative ring opening. Moreover, the nature of the solvent system determines the product type and distribution, for molecules with more than two aromatic rings. Competitive oxidation between substrates with different numbers of aromatic rings has been studied in detail. It was found that the rate of polyaromatic hydrocarbon oxidation increases with the number of fused aromatic rings. A similar trend was also identified for alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons. The proof-of-concept investigation provides new insight into selective oxidation chemistry for upgrading of polyaromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tomos J Clarke
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meenakshisundaram Sankar
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert L Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stanislaw Golunski
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David J Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Manuel Francisco
- ExxonMobil, Research & Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey, 08801, USA
| | - Stuart H Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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11
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Armstrong RD, Kariuki BM, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ. How to Synthesise High Purity, Crystalline d-Glucaric Acid Selectively. European J Org Chem 2017; 2017:6811-6814. [PMID: 29576740 PMCID: PMC5861666 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucaric acid has potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and polymer industries yet no methodology exists within the public domain for isolation of this key bio-derived platform molecule as a pure, crystalline solid. Here we demonstrate the difficulties, which arise in doing so and report development of a process for derivation of free-glucaric acid from its Ca2+/K+ glucarate salts, which are both commercially available. Employing Amberlyst-15 (H+) exchange resin and azeotrope drying, powdered glucaric acid is prepared at > 99.96 % purity in 98.7 % dry yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Armstrong
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place CF10 1AQ Cardiff UK
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place CF10 1AQ Cardiff UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place CF10 1AQ Cardiff UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place CF10 1AQ Cardiff UK
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12
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Liu X, Conte M, He Q, Knight DW, Murphy DM, Taylor SH, Whiston K, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Cyclohexane by Bimetallic Ag/Pd Nanoparticles on Magnesium Oxide. Chemistry 2017; 23:11834-11842. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Syncat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd; Beijing 101407 P.R. China
| | - Marco Conte
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Department of Chemistry; Dainton Building; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Qian He
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Lehigh University; 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem PA 18015-3195 USA
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Damien M. Murphy
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Keith Whiston
- INVISTA Textiles (UK) Limited; P.O. Box 2002 Wilton, Redcar TS10 4XX UK
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Lehigh University; 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem PA 18015-3195 USA
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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13
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Douthwaite M, Huang X, Iqbal S, Miedziak PJ, Brett GL, Kondrat SA, Edwards JK, Sankar M, Knight DW, Bethell D, Hutchings GJ. The controlled catalytic oxidation of furfural to furoic acid using AuPd/Mg(OH)2. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01025g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective oxidation of furfural to furoic acid is achieved at mild reaction conditions over an AuPd/Mg(OH)2 heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Douthwaite
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Sarwat Iqbal
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Peter J. Miedziak
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Gemma L. Brett
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simon A. Kondrat
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Jennifer K. Edwards
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | | | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Donald Bethell
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- CF10 3AT UK
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14
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Morad M, Nowicka E, Douthwaite M, Iqbal S, Miedziak P, Edwards JK, Brett GL, He Q, Morgan D, Alshammari H, Bethell D, Knight DW, Sankar M, Hutchings GJ. Multifunctional supported bimetallic catalysts for a cascade reaction with hydrogen auto transfer: synthesis of 4-phenylbutan-2-ones from 4-methoxybenzyl alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One pot synthesis of Raspberry Ketone Methyl Ether using a multifunctional AuPd supported on MgO catalyst.
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15
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Pattisson S, Nowicka E, Gupta UN, Shaw G, Jenkins RL, Morgan DJ, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ. Tuning graphitic oxide for initiator- and metal-free aerobic epoxidation of linear alkenes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12855. [PMID: 27687877 PMCID: PMC5056438 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic oxide has potential as a carbocatalyst for a wide range of reactions. Interest in this material has risen enormously due to it being a precursor to graphene via the chemical oxidation of graphite. Despite some studies suggesting that the chosen method of graphite oxidation can influence the physical properties of the graphitic oxide, the preparation method and extent of oxidation remain unresolved for catalytic applications. Here we show that tuning the graphitic oxide surface can be achieved by varying the amount and type of oxidant. The resulting materials differ in level of oxidation, surface oxygen content and functionality. Most importantly, we show that these graphitic oxide materials are active as unique carbocatalysts for low-temperature aerobic epoxidation of linear alkenes in the absence of initiator or metal. An optimum level of oxidation is necessary and materials produced via conventional permanganate-based methods are far from optimal. Graphitic oxide is readily produced by the oxidation of graphite. Here the authors show that the amount and nature of the oxidant can be used to tune the properties of graphitic oxide, and furthermore report a carbocatalyst for alkene epoxidation without the need for metal or initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pattisson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Upendra N Gupta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Greg Shaw
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert L Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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16
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Liu X, Fabos V, Taylor S, Knight DW, Whiston K, Hutchings GJ. One-Step Production of 1,3-Butadiene from 2,3-Butanediol Dehydration. Chemistry 2016; 22:12290-4. [PMID: 27392112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct production of 1,3-butadiene from the dehydration of 2,3-butandiol by using alumina as catalyst. Under optimized kinetic reaction conditions, the production of methyl ethyl ketone and isobutyraldehyde, formed via the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement, was markedly reduced and almost 80 % selectivity to 1,3-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene could be achieved. The presence of water plays a critical role in the inhibition of oligomerization. The amphoteric nature of γ-Al2 O3 was identified as important and this contributed to the improved catalytic selectivity when compared with other acidic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,Syncat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Viktoria Fabos
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stuart Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Keith Whiston
- INVISTA Textiles (UK) Limited, P.O. Box 2002, Wilton Redcar, TS10 4XX, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Ghanim AM, Knight DW, Osman NA, Abdel-Fattah HA, Kadry AM. New methods for the selective alkylation of 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Efeturi A. Onoabedje
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Uchechukwu C. Okoro
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Amitabha Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, India Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Efeturi A. Onoabedje
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry; University of Nigeria; Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Uchechukwu C. Okoro
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry; University of Nigeria; Nsukka Nigeria
| | - David W. Knight
- School of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry; Cardiff University; Wales UK
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23
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He Y, Feng J, Brett GL, Liu Y, Miedziak PJ, Edwards JK, Knight DW, Li D, Hutchings GJ. Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols by Using Precious Metals Supported on Hydrotalcite under Solvent- and Base-Free Conditions. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:3314-3322. [PMID: 26337897 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Precious metal nanoparticles supported on magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite (HT), TiO2 , and MgO were prepared by sol immobilization and assessed for the catalytic oxidation of octanol, which is a relatively unreactive aliphatic alcohol, with molecular oxygen as the oxidant under solvent- and base-free conditions. Compared with the TiO2 - and MgO-supported catalysts, platinum HT gave the highest activity and selectivity towards the aldehyde. The turnover number achieved for the platinum HT catalyst was >3700 after 180 min under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the results for the oxidation of different substrates indicate that a specific interaction of octanal with the platinum HT catalyst could lead to deactivation of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 98#, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 98#, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gemma L Brett
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 98#, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peter J Miedziak
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 98#, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Haider MH, Dummer NF, Knight DW, Jenkins RL, Howard M, Moulijn J, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Efficient green methanol synthesis from glycerol. Nat Chem 2015; 7:1028-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Onoabedje EA, Okoro UC, Knight DW, Sarkar A. Fuctionalization of Linear and Angular Phenothiazine and Phenoxazine Ring Systems via Pd(0)/XPhos Mediated Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reactions. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efeturi A. Onoabedje
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry; University of Nigeria; Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Uchechukwu C. Okoro
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry; University of Nigeria; Nsukka Nigeria
| | - David W. Knight
- School of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry; Cardiff University; Wales UK
| | - Amitabha Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; India Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
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26
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Nowicka E, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Cover Picture: Selective Oxidation of Alkyl-Substituted Polyaromatics Using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation (Chem. Eur. J. 11/2015). Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201590037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Nowicka E, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Selective Oxidation of Alkyl-Substituted Polyaromatics Using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Beghidja N, Benayache S, Benayache F, Knight DW, Kariuki BM. Crystal structure of pseudoguainolide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o162. [PMID: 25844227 PMCID: PMC4350757 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lactone ring in the title molecule, C15H22O3(systematic name: 3,4a,8-trimethyldodecahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione), assumes an envelope conformation with the methine C atom adjacent to the the methine C atom carrying the methyl substituent being the flap atom. The other five-membered ring adopts a twisted conformation with the twist being about the methine–methylene C—C bond. The seven-membered ring is based on a twisted boat conformation. No specific interactions are noted in the the crystal packing.
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Wood AC, Knight DW, Richter G. Rational improvement of the synthesis of 1-deazariboflavin. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Beghidja N, Benayache S, Benayache F, Knight DW, Kariuki BM. Crystal structure of 7,7-dimethyl-6-methylidenetricyclo[6.2.1.0 1,5]undecane-2-carboxylic acid. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o94. [PMID: 25878889 PMCID: PMC4384579 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989014028254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C15H22O2, both five-membered rings display an envelope conformation whereas the six-membered ring displays a chair conformation. In the crystal, pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups link molecules, related by a twofold rotation axis, into supramolecular dimers.
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Nowicka E, Sankar M, Jenkins RL, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ, Francisco M, Taylor SH. Selective Oxidation of Alkyl-Substituted Polyaromatics Using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation. Chemistry 2015; 21:4285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu X, Conte M, Weng W, He Q, Jenkins RL, Watanabe M, Morgan DJ, Knight DW, Murphy DM, Whiston K, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Molybdenum blue nano-rings: an effective catalyst for the partial oxidation of cyclohexane. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum blue (MB), a multivalent molybdenum oxide with a nano-ring morphology is well-known in analytical chemistry but, to date it has been largely ignored in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Marco Conte
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Weihao Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
| | - Robert L. Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
| | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Damien M. Murphy
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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Yıldırım M, Çelikel D, Evis N, Knight DW, Kariuki BM. Base-promoted new C–C bond formation: an expedient route for the preparation of thiazolo- and imidazolo-pyridinones via Michael addition. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Dürüst Y, Sağırlı A, Kariuki BM, Knight DW. [1,3]-Dipolar cycloaddition of N-aryl sydnones to benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide, 1-cyclopropylprop-2-yn-1-ol and 1-(prop-2-ynyl)-1H-indole. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lehman JS, Carr MH, Nichol AJ, Ruisanchez A, Knight DW, Langford AE, Gray SC, Mermin JH. Prevalence and public health implications of state laws that criminalize potential HIV exposure in the United States. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:997-1006. [PMID: 24633716 PMCID: PMC4019819 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
For the past three decades, legislative approaches to prevent HIV transmission have been used at the national, state, and local levels. One punitive legislative approach has been enactment of laws that criminalize behaviors associated with HIV exposure (HIV-specific criminal laws). In the USA, HIV-specific criminal laws have largely been shaped by state laws. These laws impose criminal penalties on persons who know they have HIV and subsequently engage in certain behaviors, most commonly sexual activity without prior disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus. These laws have been subject to intense public debate. Using public health law research methods, data from the legal database WestlawNext© were analyzed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of laws that criminalize potential HIV exposure in the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia) and to examine the implications of these laws for public health practice. The first state laws were enacted in 1986; as of 2011 a total of 67 laws had been enacted in 33 states. By 1995, nearly two-thirds of all laws had been enacted; by 2000, 85 % of laws had been enacted; and since 2000, an additional 10 laws have been enacted. Twenty-four states require persons who are aware that they have HIV to disclose their status to sexual partners and 14 states require disclosure to needle-sharing partners. Twenty-five states criminalize one or more behaviors that pose a low or negligible risk for HIV transmission. Nearly two-thirds of states in the USA have legislation that criminalizes potential HIV exposure. Many of these laws criminalize behaviors that pose low or negligible risk for HIV transmission. The majority of laws were passed before studies showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV transmission risk and most laws do not account for HIV prevention measures that reduce transmission risk, such as condom use, ART, or pre-exposure prophylaxis. States with HIV-specific criminal laws are encouraged to use the findings of this paper to re-examine those laws, assess the laws' alignment with current evidence regarding HIV transmission risk, and consider whether the laws are the best vehicle to achieve their intended purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stan Lehman
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS-D21, 30333, Atlanta, Georgia,
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36
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Kondrat SA, Miedziak PJ, Douthwaite M, Brett GL, Davies TE, Morgan DJ, Edwards JK, Knight DW, Kiely CJ, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Base-free oxidation of glycerol using titania-supported trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt nanoparticles. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:1326-34. [PMID: 24955446 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Base-free selective oxidation of glycerol has been investigated using trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt nanoparticles supported on titania and their corresponding bimetallic catalysts. Catalysts were prepared by the sol-immobilization method and characterized by means of TEM, UV/Vis spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and microwave plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. It was found that of the bimetallic catalysts, Pd–Pt/TiO2 was the most active with high selectivity to C3 products. The addition of Au to this catalyst to form the trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt/TiO2, resulted in an increase in activity relative to Pd–Pt/TiO2. The turnover frequency increased from 210 h(−1) with the Pd–Pt/TiO2 catalyst to378 h(−1) for the trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt/TiO2 catalyst with retention of selectivity towards C3 products.
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37
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Yıldırım M, Çelikel D, Dürüst Y, Knight DW, Kariuki BM. A rapid and efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel nitrothiazolo[3,2-c]pyrimidines via microwave-mediated Mannich cyclisation. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Sankar M, Nowicka E, Carter E, Murphy DM, Knight DW, Bethell D, Hutchings GJ. The benzaldehyde oxidation paradox explained by the interception of peroxy radical by benzyl alcohol. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3332. [PMID: 24567108 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzaldehyde readily undergoes autoxidation to form benzoic acid on exposure to air at room temperature. Yet it can be formed in high yield from, for example, benzyl alcohol by oxidation using a variety of procedures and catalysts. Here we report the evidence to resolve this apparent paradox. It is confirmed that benzyl alcohol (and a number of other alcohols), even at low concentrations in benzaldehyde, inhibits the autoxidation. Furthermore we report on the structural features required for inhibition. Electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments demonstrate that benzyl alcohol intercepts, by hydrogen atom transfer, the benzoylperoxy radicals that play a key role in benzaldehyde autoxidation. A similar inhibition effect has also been observed for the aliphatic octanal/1-octanol system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Emma Carter
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Damien M Murphy
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Donald Bethell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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39
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Haider MH, D'Agostino C, Dummer NF, Mantle MD, Gladden LF, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Morgan DJ, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. The Effect of Grafting Zirconia and Ceria onto Alumina as a Support for Silicotungstic Acid for the Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein. Chemistry 2014; 20:1743-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Morad M, Sankar M, Cao E, Nowicka E, Davies TE, Miedziak PJ, Morgan DJ, Knight DW, Bethell D, Gavriilidis A, Hutchings GJ. Solvent-free aerobic oxidation of alcohols using supported gold palladium nanoalloys prepared by a modified impregnation method. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable, supported, bimetallic nanoalloys with controlled size, morphology and composition for selective alcohol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Morad
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - Meenakshisundaram Sankar
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group
| | - Enhong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Materials Chemistry Centre
- University College London
| | - Ewa Nowicka
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas E. Davies
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Peter J. Miedziak
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - Donald Bethell
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Materials Chemistry Centre
- University College London
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41
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Alshammari H, Miedziak PJ, Davies TE, Willock DJ, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ. Initiator-free hydrocarbon oxidation using supported gold nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the catalytic oxidation of cycloalkenes and linear internal alkenes using oxygen radical initiators are not required if the stabilisers are removed prior to reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Alshammari
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
- Chemistry Department
| | - Peter J. Miedziak
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas E. Davies
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy
| | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - David W. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
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42
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Brett GL, Miedziak PJ, He Q, Knight DW, Edwards JK, Taylor SH, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Gold-nanoparticle-based catalysts for the oxidative esterification of 1,4-butanediol into dimethyl succinate. ChemSusChem 2013; 6:1952-1958. [PMID: 24106232 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of 1,4-butanediol and butyrolactone have been investigated by using supported gold, palladium and gold-palladium nanoparticles. The products of such reactions are valuable chemical intermediates and, for example, can present a viable pathway for the sustainable production of polymers. If both gold and palladium were present, a significant synergistic effect on the selective formation of dimethyl succinate was observed. The support played a significant role in the reaction, with magnesium hydroxide leading to the highest yield of dimethyl succinate. Based on structural characterisation of the fresh and used catalysts, it was determined that small gold-palladium nanoalloys supported on a basic Mg(OH)2 support provided the best catalysts for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Brett
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT (UK)
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43
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D'Agostino C, Kotionova T, Mitchell J, Miedziak PJ, Knight DW, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ, Gladden LF, Mantle MD. Solvent Effect and Reactivity Trend in the Aerobic Oxidation of 1,3-Propanediols over Gold Supported on Titania: NMR Diffusion and Relaxation Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:11725-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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He Q, Miedziak PJ, Kesavan L, Dimitratos N, Sankar M, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Forde MM, Edwards JK, Knight DW, Taylor SH, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Switching-off toluene formation in the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol using supported trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 2013; 162:365-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Alshammari H, Miedziak PJ, Knight DW, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ. The effect of ring size on the selective oxidation of cycloalkenes using supported metal catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy20864h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Nowicka E, Hofmann JP, Parker SF, Sankar M, Lari GM, Kondrat SA, Knight DW, Bethell D, Weckhuysen BM, Hutchings GJ. In situ spectroscopic investigation of oxidative dehydrogenation and disproportionation of benzyl alcohol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12147-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50710f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ryabenkova Y, Miedziak PJ, Dummer NF, Taylor SH, Dimitratos N, Willock DJ, Bethell D, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ. The Selective Oxidation of 1,2-Propanediol by Supported Gold-Based Nanoparticulate Catalysts. Top Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-012-9909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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