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Protein MRI contrast agent with unprecedented metal selectivity and sensitivity for liver cancer imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6607-12. [PMID: 25971726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423021112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With available MRI techniques, primary and metastatic liver cancers that are associated with high mortality rates and poor treatment responses are only diagnosed at late stages, due to the lack of highly sensitive contrast agents without Gd(3+) toxicity. We have developed a protein contrast agent (ProCA32) that exhibits high stability for Gd(3+) and a 10(11)-fold greater selectivity for Gd(3+) over Zn(2+) compared with existing contrast agents. ProCA32, modified from parvalbumin, possesses high relaxivities (r1/r2: 66.8 mmol(-1)⋅s(-1)/89.2 mmol(-1)⋅s(-1) per particle). Using T1- and T2-weighted, as well as T2/T1 ratio imaging, we have achieved, for the first time (to our knowledge), robust MRI detection of early liver metastases as small as ∼0.24 mm in diameter, much smaller than the current detection limit of 10-20 mm. Furthermore, ProCA32 exhibits appropriate in vivo preference for liver sinusoidal spaces and pharmacokinetics for high-quality imaging. ProCA32 will be invaluable for noninvasive early detection of primary and metastatic liver cancers as well as for monitoring treatment and guiding therapeutic interventions, including drug delivery.
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202
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Farhan H. Systems biology of the secretory pathway: what have we learned so far? Biol Cell 2015; 107:205-17. [PMID: 25756903 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several RNAi screens were performed in search for regulators of the secretory pathway. These screens were performed in different organisms and cell lines and relied on different readouts. Therefore, they have only little overlap among their hits, leading to the question of what we have learned from this approach so far and how these screens contributed towards an integrative understanding of the endomembrane system. The aim of this review is to revisit these screens and discuss their strengths and weaknesses as well as potential reasons for their failure to overlap with each other. As with secretory trafficking, RNAi screens were also performed on other cellular processes such as cell migration and autophagy, both of which were shown to be intimately linked to secretion. Another aim of this review is to compare the outcome of the RNAi screens on secretion, autophagy and cell migration and ask whether the functional genomic approaches have uncovered potential mechanistic insights into the links between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesso Farhan
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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203
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Liu Y, Zhu P, Wang Y, Wei Z, Tao L, Zhu Z, Sheng X, Wang S, Ruan J, Liu Z, Cao Y, Shan Y, Sun L, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. Antimetastatic Therapies of the Polysulfide Diallyl Trisulfide against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) via Suppressing MMP2/9 by Blocking NF-κB and ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123781. [PMID: 25927362 PMCID: PMC4415928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration and invasion are two crucial steps of tumor metastasis. Blockage of these steps may be an effective strategy to reduce the risk. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a natural organosulfuric compound with most sulfur atoms found in garlic, on migration and invasion in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of DATS were further investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS MDA-MB-231 cells and HS 578t breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of DATS. DATS obviously suppressed the migration and invasion of two cell lines and changed the morphological. Moreover, DATS inhibited the mRNA/protein/ enzymes activities of MMP2/9 via attenuating the NF-κB pathway. DATS also inhibited ERK/MAPK rather than p38 and JNK. CONCLUSION DATS inhibits MMP2/9 activity and the metastasis of TNBC cells, and emerges as a potential anti-cancer agent. The inhibitory effects are associated with down-regulation of the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pingting Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobo Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junshan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuzhu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- * E-mail:
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204
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Asparuhova MB, Secondini C, Rüegg C, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Mechanism of irradiation-induced mammary cancer metastasis: A role for SAP-dependent Mkl1 signaling. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1510-27. [PMID: 25999144 PMCID: PMC5528797 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard treatment after conservative breast cancer surgery. However, cancers relapsing within a previously irradiated area have an increased probability to metastasize. The mechanisms responsible for this aggressiveness remain unclear. Here, we used the clinically relevant 4T1 breast cancer model mimicking aggressive local relapse after radiotherapy to identify differences between tumors grown in untreated versus preirradiated mammary glands. Tumors grown within preirradiated beds were highly enriched in transcripts encoding collagens and other proteins building or modifying the extracellular matrix, such as laminin‐332, tenascins, lysyl oxidases and matrix metalloproteinases. Type I collagen, known to directly contribute to tissue stiffening, and the pro‐metastatic megakaryoblastic leukemia‐1 (Mkl1) target gene tenascin‐C were further investigated. Mammary tissue preirradiation induced Mkl1 nuclear translocation in the tumor cells in vivo, indicating activation of Mkl1 signaling. Transcript profiling of cultured 4T1 cells revealed that the majority of the Mkl1 target genes, including tenascin‐C, required serum response factor (SRF) for their expression. However, application of dynamic strain or matrix stiffness to 4T1 cells converted the predominant SRF/Mkl1 action into SAP domain‐dependent Mkl1 signaling independent of SRF, accompanied by a switch to SAP‐dependent tumor cell migration. 4T1 tumors overexpressing intact Mkl1 became more metastatic within preirradiated beds, while tumors expressing Mkl1 lacking the SAP domain exhibited impaired growth and metastatic spread, and decreased Mkl1 target gene expression. Thus, we identified SAP‐dependent Mkl1 signaling as a previously unrecognized mediator of aggressive progression of mammary tumors locally relapsing after radiotherapy, and provide a novel signaling pathway for therapeutic intervention. Stroma irradiation results in tumors with increased extracellular matrix deposition. Irradiation induces Mkl1 nuclear translocation, tumor growth and lung metastases. Matrix stiffness and cyclic mechanical strain trigger SAP‐dependent Mkl1 signaling. Strain and irradiation induce SAP‐dependent cell migration and tumor progression. Radiation‐induced SAP‐dependent Mkl1 action: a new target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Affiliated with the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and the University of Basel, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Secondini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Affiliated with the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and the University of Basel, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Science, Basel, Switzerland.
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205
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Liu F, Shen W, Qiu H, Hu X, Zhang C, Chu T. Prostate cancer cells induce osteoblastic differentiation via semaphorin 3A. Prostate 2015; 75:370-80. [PMID: 25421946 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer metastasis to bone is the second most commonly diagnosed malignant disease among men worldwide. Such metastatic disease is characterized by the presence of osteoblastic bone lesions, and is associated with high rates of mortality. However, the various mechanisms involved in prostate cancer-induced osteoblastic differentiation have not been fully explored. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) is a newly identified regulator of bone metabolism which stimulates differentiation of pre-osteoblastic cells under physiological conditions. We investigated in this study whether prostate cancer cells can mediate osteoblastic activity through Sema 3A. METHODS We cultured osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells in prostate cancer-conditioned medium, and analyzed levels of Sema 3A protein in diverse prostate cancer cell lines to identify cell lines in which Sema 3A production showed a positive correlation with osteo-stimulation. C4-2 cells were stably transfected with Sema 3A short hairpin RNA to further determine whether Sema 3A contributes to the ability of C4-2 cells to induce osteoblastic differentiation. RESULTS Down-regulation of Sema 3A expression decreased indicators of C4-2 CM-induced osteoblastic differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase production and mineralization. Additionally, silencing or neutralizing Sema 3A in C4-2 cells resulted in diminished β-catenin expression in osteogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that prostate cancer-induced osteoblastic differentiation is at least partially mediated by Sema 3A, and may be regulated by the β-catenin signalling pathway. Sema 3A may represent a novel target for treatment of prostate cancer-induced osteoblastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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206
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Dillenburg-Pilla P, Patel V, Mikelis CM, Zárate-Bladés CR, Doçi CL, Amornphimoltham P, Wang Z, Martin D, Leelahavanichkul K, Dorsam RT, Masedunskas A, Weigert R, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS. SDF-1/CXCL12 induces directional cell migration and spontaneous metastasis via a CXCR4/Gαi/mTORC1 axis. FASEB J 2015; 29:1056-68. [PMID: 25466898 PMCID: PMC4422355 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple human malignancies rely on C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, SDF-1/CXCL12 (stroma cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C motif chemokine 12), to metastasize. CXCR4 inhibitors promote the mobilization of bone marrow stem cells, limiting their clinical application for metastasis prevention. We investigated the CXCR4-initiated signaling circuitry to identify new potential therapeutic targets. We used HeLa human cancer cells expressing high levels of CXCR4 endogenously. We found that CXCL12 promotes their migration in Boyden chamber assays and single cell tracking. CXCL12 activated mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) potently in a pertussis-sensitive fashion. Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) by rapamycin [drug concentration causing 50% inhibition (IC50) = 5 nM] and mTORC1/mTORC2 by Torin2 (IC50 = 6 nM), or by knocking down key mTORC1/2 components, Raptor and Rictor, respectively, decreased directional cell migration toward CXCL12. We developed a CXCR4-mediated spontaneous metastasis model by implanting HeLa cells in the tongue of SCID-NOD mice, in which 80% of the animals develop lymph node metastasis. It is surprising that mTORC1 disruption by Raptor knockdown was sufficient to reduce tumor growth by 60% and spontaneous metastasis by 72%, which were nearly abolished by rapamycin. In contrast, disrupting mTORC2 had no effect in tumor growth or metastasis compared with control short hairpin RNAs. These data suggest that mTORC1 may represent a suitable therapeutic target in human malignancies using CXCR4 for their metastatic spread. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dillenburg-Pilla
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos Rodrigo Zárate-Bladés
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colleen L Doçi
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Panomwat Amornphimoltham
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Martin
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kantima Leelahavanichkul
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert T Dorsam
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roberto Weigert
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- *Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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207
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Yang Y, Crosbie JC, Paiva P, Ibahim M, Stevenson A, Rogers PAW. In vitro study of genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2015; 182:626-39. [PMID: 25409126 DOI: 10.1667/rr13778.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron-generated microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) versus conventional broadbeam radiotherapy (CRT) in vitro using cultured EMT6.5 cells. We hypothesized (based on previous findings) that gene expression and molecular pathway changes after MRT are different from those seen after CRT. We found that at 24 h postirradiation, MRT exerts a broader regulatory effect on multiple pathways than CRT. MRT regulated those pathways involved in gene transcription, translation initiation, macromolecule metabolism, oxidoreductase activity and signaling transduction in a different manner compared to CRT. We also found that MRT/CRT alone, or when combined with inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide, upregulated expression of Ccl2, Ccl5 or Csf2, which are involved in host immune cell recruitment. Our findings demonstrated differences in the molecular pathway for MRT versus CRT in the cultured tumor cells, and were consistent with the idea that radiation plays a role in recruiting tumor-associated immune cells to the tumor. Our results also suggest that a combination of MRT/CRT with a treatment targeting CCL2 or CSF2 could repress the tumor-associated immune cell recruitment, delay tumor growth and/or metastasis and yield better tumor control than radiation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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208
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Morales M, Arenas EJ, Urosevic J, Guiu M, Fernández E, Planet E, Fenwick RB, Fernández-Ruiz S, Salvatella X, Reverter D, Carracedo A, Massagué J, Gomis RR. RARRES3 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by regulating adhesion and differentiation. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:865-81. [PMID: 24867881 PMCID: PMC4119352 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients, metastatic relapse usually occurs in the lung and is responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastasis is needed. In particular, biomarkers to identify patients that are at risk of lung metastasis could open the avenue for new therapeutic opportunities. Here we characterize the biological activity of RARRES3, a new metastasis suppressor gene whose reduced expression in the primary breast tumors identifies a subgroup of patients more likely to develop lung metastasis. We show that RARRES3 downregulation engages metastasis-initiating capabilities by facilitating adhesion of the tumor cells to the lung parenchyma. In addition, impaired tumor cell differentiation due to the loss of RARRES3 phospholipase A1/A2 activity also contributes to lung metastasis. Our results establish RARRES3 downregulation as a potential biomarker to identify patients at high risk of lung metastasis who might benefit from a differentiation treatment in the adjuvant programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Morales
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Arenas
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guiu
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Bryn Fenwick
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Salvatella
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Tecnology park, Derio, Spain Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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209
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Johnstone CN, Smith YE, Cao Y, Burrows AD, Cross RSN, Ling X, Redvers RP, Doherty JP, Eckhardt BL, Natoli AL, Restall CM, Lucas E, Pearson HB, Deb S, Britt KL, Rizzitelli A, Li J, Harmey JH, Pouliot N, Anderson RL. Functional and molecular characterisation of EO771.LMB tumours, a new C57BL/6-mouse-derived model of spontaneously metastatic mammary cancer. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:237-51. [PMID: 25633981 PMCID: PMC4348562 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of basic research into improved therapies for breast cancer patients requires relevant preclinical models that incorporate spontaneous metastasis. We have completed a functional and molecular characterisation of a new isogenic C57BL/6 mouse model of breast cancer metastasis, comparing and contrasting it with the established BALB/c 4T1 model. Metastatic EO771.LMB tumours were derived from poorly metastatic parental EO771 mammary tumours. Functional differences were evaluated using both in vitro assays and spontaneous metastasis assays in mice. Results were compared to non-metastatic 67NR and metastatic 4T1.2 tumours of the 4T1 model. Protein and transcript levels of markers of human breast cancer molecular subtypes were measured in the four tumour lines, as well as p53 (Tp53) tumour-suppressor gene status and responses to tamoxifen in vivo and in vitro. Array-based expression profiling of whole tumours identified genes and pathways that were deregulated in metastatic tumours. EO771.LMB cells metastasised spontaneously to lung in C57BL/6 mice and displayed increased invasive capacity compared with parental EO771. By immunohistochemical assessment, EO771 and EO771.LMB were basal-like, as was the 4T1.2 tumour, whereas 67NR had a luminal phenotype. Primary tumours from all lines were negative for progesterone receptor, Erb-b2/Neu and cytokeratin 5/6, but positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Only 67NR displayed nuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positivity. EO771 and EO771.LMB expressed mutant p53, whereas 67NR and 4T1.2 were p53-null. Integrated molecular analysis of both the EO771/EO771.LMB and 67NR/4T1.2 pairs indicated that upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100a8) and downregulation of the thrombospondin receptor (Cd36) might be causally involved in metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yvonne E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yuan Cao
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Ryan S N Cross
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Richard P Redvers
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Judy P Doherty
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony L Natoli
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Christina M Restall
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Erin Lucas
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 2010, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rizzitelli
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Judith H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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210
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Cao H, Zhang Z, Zhao S, He X, Yu H, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Gu W, Chen L, Li Y. Hydrophobic interaction mediating self-assembled nanoparticles of succinobucol suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. J Control Release 2015; 205:162-71. [PMID: 25598420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of lung metastasis of breast cancer remain a major challenge. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) could provide a potential therapeutic target in lung metastasis. Herein, succinobucol (SCB), a water-insoluble potent and selective VCAM-1 inhibitor, was assembled with triblock polymer poloxamer P188 into nanoparticles due to the intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. The experimental results showed that the SCB loaded nanoparticles (SN) could greatly improve the oral delivery and suppress the lung metastasis of breast cancer. The cell migration and invasion abilities of metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells were obviously inhibited by SN. Moreover, the VCAM-1 expression on 4T1 cells was significantly reduced by SN, and the cell-cell binding ratio of RAW 264.7 cells to 4T1 cells greatly decreased from 47.4% to 3.2%. Furthermore, the oral bioavailability of SCB was greatly improved about 13-fold by SN, and the biodistribution in major organs was evidently enhanced. In particular, in the metastatic breast cancer model, the lung metastasis was notably reduced by SN treatment, and the VCAM-1 expression in lung tissues was significantly inhibited. Thereby, SN could evoke a new effective therapeutic efficacy of SCB on lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibition of VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Cao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyu He
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qi Yin
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wangwen Gu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yaping Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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211
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Choi EJ, Tang Y, Lee CB, Cheong SH, Sung SH, Oh MR, Jang SY, Park PJ, Kim EK. Effect of Taurine on In Vitro Migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:191-201. [PMID: 25833499 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea
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212
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Boggs AE, Vitolo MI, Whipple RA, Charpentier MS, Goloubeva OG, Ioffe OB, Tuttle KC, Slovic J, Lu Y, Mills GB, Martin SS. α-Tubulin acetylation elevated in metastatic and basal-like breast cancer cells promotes microtentacle formation, adhesion, and invasive migration. Cancer Res 2014; 75:203-15. [PMID: 25503560 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cases of breast cancer pose the primary challenge in clinical management of this disease, demanding the identification of effective therapeutic strategies that remain wanting. In this study, we report that elevated levels of α-tubulin acetylation are a sufficient cause of metastatic potential in breast cancer. In suspended cell culture conditions, metastatic breast cancer cells exhibited high α-tubulin acetylation levels that extended along microtentacle (McTN) protrusions. Mutation of the acetylation site on α-tubulin and enzymatic modulation of this posttranslational modification exerted a significant impact on McTN frequency and the reattachment of suspended tumor cells. Reducing α-tubulin acetylation significantly inhibited migration but did not affect proliferation. In an analysis of more than 140 matched primary and metastatic tumors from patients, we found that acetylation was maintained and in many cases increased in lymph node metastases compared with primary tumors. Proteomic analysis of an independent cohort of more than 390 patient specimens further documented the relationship between increased α-tubulin acetylation and the aggressive behaviors of basal-like breast cancers, with a trend toward increased risk of disease progression and death in patients with high-intensity α-tubulin acetylation in primary tumors. Taken together, our results identify a tight correlation between acetylated α-tubulin levels and aggressive metastatic behavior in breast cancer, with potential implications for the definition of a simple prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Boggs
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland. University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland. University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca A Whipple
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica S Charpentier
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland. University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga B Ioffe
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly C Tuttle
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jana Slovic
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland. University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stuart S Martin
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland. University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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213
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Galectin-3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation through notch signaling. Neoplasia 2014; 16:939-49. [PMID: 25425968 PMCID: PMC4240919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with bone cancer metastasis suffer from unbearable pain and bone fractures due to bone remodeling. This is caused by tumor cells that disturb the bone microenvironment. Here, we have investigated the role of tumor-secreted sugar-binding protein, i.e., galectin-3, on osteoblast differentiation and report that it downregulates the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, e.g., RUNX2, SP7, ALPL, COL1A1, IBSP, and BGLAP, of treated human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells. Co-culturing of hFOB cells with human breast cancer BT-549 and prostate cancer LNCaP cells harboring galectin-3 has resulted in inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by the secreted galectin-3 into culture medium. The inhibitory effect of galectin-3 was found to be through its binding to Notch1 in a sugar-dependent manner that has led to accelerated Notch1 cleavage and activation of Notch signaling. Taken together, our findings show that soluble galectin-3 in the bone microenvironment niche regulates bone remodeling through Notch signaling, suggesting a novel bone metastasis therapeutic target.
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214
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Chang ACM, Doherty J, Huschtscha LI, Redvers R, Restall C, Reddel RR, Anderson RL. STC1 expression is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 32:15-27. [PMID: 25391215 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein implicated in several pathologies including retinal degeneration, cerebral ischemia, angiogenesis and inflammation. Aberrant STC1 expression has been reported in breast cancer but the significance of this is not clear. High levels of STC1 expression were found in the aggressive 4T1 murine mammary tumor cells and in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer line. To investigate its significance, stable clones with STC1 down-regulation using shRNA were generated in both tumor models. The consequences of STC1 down-regulation on cell proliferation, chemotactic invasion, tumor growth and metastasis were assessed. Down-regulation of STC1 in the 4T1 murine mammary tumor cells had a major impact on mammary tumor growth. This observation was replicated in a second tumor model with the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer line, with a significant reduction in primary tumor formation and a major inhibition of metastasis as well. Interestingly, in both models, proliferation in vitro was not affected. Subsequent microarray gene expression profiling identified 30 genes to be significantly altered by STC1 down-regulation, the majority of which are associated with known hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of breast cancer datasets revealed that high expression of STC1 is associated with poor survival. This is the first study to show definitively that STC1 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer, and indicates that STC1 could be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C-M Chang
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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215
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Zhang Z, Cao H, Jiang S, Liu Z, He X, Yu H, Li Y. Nanoassembly of probucol enables novel therapeutic efficacy in the suppression of lung metastasis of breast cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4735-4745. [PMID: 24930590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the major obstacles hindering the success of cancer therapy. The directed nanoassembly of probucol results in the "DNP" system, which greatly improves the oral delivery of probucol and subsequently leads to a novel therapeutic efficacy of probucol in the suppression of lung metastasis of breast cancer. DNP is formed by employing the intermolecular hydrophobic interactions between probucol and polyethylene glycol p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl ether (also known as Triton X-100). After oral administration, the probucol concentration in the intestines is surprisingly about 200 times higher if it is applied as DNP rather than free probucol; it can be absorbed into intestinal enterocytes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and transported into the systemic circulation through the lymphatic pathway. Moreover, the oral bioavailability of probucol is significantly higher-13.55 times higher-when applied as DNP in place of free probucol. The drug concentration in major organs is also significantly increased. The in vitro measurements show that the migration and invasion abilities of 4T1 cells are obviously inhibited by DNP. In particular, in an orthotopic metastatic breast cancer model, the notable suppression of lung metastasis from DNP is observed, but no effect is seen from the free-probucol suspension. As a result, the directed drug nanoassembly may open a new route for enhancing oral drug delivery and enable new therapeutic abilities for probucol against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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216
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Slaney CY, Möller A, Hertzog PJ, Parker BS. The role of Type I interferons in immunoregulation of breast cancer metastasis to the bone. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e22339. [PMID: 23482870 PMCID: PMC3583915 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer spread to distant sites is often incurable. Our recent findings demonstrate that Type I interferons secreted by tumor cells induce anti-metastatic immune responses that prevent breast cancer metastasis to the bone. This provides novel insights into the importance of the crosstalk between neoplastic and immune cells in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Y Slaney
- Research Division; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville, Australia
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217
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Serum ANGPTL2 levels reflect clinical features of breast cancer patients: implications for the pathogenesis of breast cancer metastasis. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e239-45. [PMID: 24585434 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and its metastasis is a major cause of disease mortality. Therefore, identification of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis is crucial for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Our recent study of immunodeficient female mice transplanted with MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells demonstrated that tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) accelerates metastasis through both increasing tumor cell migration in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and enhancing tumor angiogenesis. To determine whether ANGPTL2 contributes to its clinical pathogenesis, we asked whether serum ANGPTL2 levels reflect the clinical features of breast cancer progression. METHODS We monitored the levels of secreted ANGPTL2 in supernatants of cultured proliferating MDA-MB231 cells. We also determined whether the circulating ANGPTL2 levels were positively correlated with cancer progression in an in vivo breast cancer xenograft model using MDA-MB231 cells. Finally, we investigated whether serum ANGPTL2 levels were associated with clinical features in breast cancer patients. RESULTS Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the levels of ANGPTL2 secreted from breast cancer cells increased with cell proliferation and cancer progression. Serum ANGPTL2 levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects or in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or non-metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. Serum ANGPTL2 levels in patients negative for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, particularly triple-negative cases, reflected histological grades. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that serum ANGPTL2 levels in breast cancer patients could represent a potential marker of breast cancer metastasis.
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218
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Boström T, Johansson HJ, Lehtiö J, Uhlén M, Hober S. Investigating the Applicability of Antibodies Generated within the Human Protein Atlas as Capture Agents in Immunoenrichment Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4424-35. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Boström
- Department
of Protein Technology, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik J. Johansson
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department
of Oncology−Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department
of Oncology−Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department
of Protein Technology, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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219
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Hartung N, Mollard S, Barbolosi D, Benabdallah A, Chapuisat G, Henry G, Giacometti S, Iliadis A, Ciccolini J, Faivre C, Hubert F. Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth and Metastatic Spreading: Validation in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6397-407. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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220
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Takalkar A, Adams S, Subbiah V. Radium-223 dichloride bone-targeted alpha particle therapy for hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to bone. Exp Hematol Oncol 2014; 3:23. [PMID: 25243101 PMCID: PMC4168986 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to bone is a clinically challenging disease associated with high morbidity, poor prognosis, and impaired quality of life owing to pain and skeletal-related events. In a preclinical study using a mouse model of breast cancer and bone metastases, Ra-223 dichloride was incorporated into bone matrix and inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (all P values < .001) in vitro. Ra-223 dichloride also induced double-strand DNA breaks in cancer cells in vivo. Methods The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved radium-223 (Ra-223) dichloride (Ra-223; Xofigo injection) alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of symptomatic bone metastases in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. On the basis of a strong preclinical rationale, we used Ra-223 dichloride to treat bone metastases in a patient with breast cancer. Results A 44-year-old white woman with metastatic breast cancer who was estrogen receptor–positive, BRCA1-negative, BRCA2-negative, PIK3CA mutation (p.His1047Arg) positive presented with diffuse bony metastases and bone pain. She had hormone refractory and chemotherapy refractory breast cancer. After Ra-223 therapy initiation her bone pain improved, with corresponding decrease in tumor markers and mixed response in 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-NaF bone PET/CT. The patient derived clinical benefit from therapy. Conclusion We have shown that Ra-223 dichloride can be safely administered in a patient with hormone-refractory bone metastasis from breast cancer at the US FDA–approved dose for prostate cancer. Furthermore, because the treatment did not cause any drop in hematologic parameters, it has the potential to be combined with other radiosensitizing therapies, which may include chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Given that Ra-223 dichloride is already commercially available, this case report may help future patients and provide a rationale for initiating clinical research in the use of Ra-223 dichloride to treat bone metastasis from breast cancer. A randomized clinical trial is needed to provide evidence of efficacy, safety, and good outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Takalkar
- PET Imaging Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Scott Adams
- PET Imaging Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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221
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Wu Q, He J, Mei W, Zhang Z, Wu X, Sun F. Arene ruthenium(ii) complex, a potent inhibitor against proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, reduces stress fibers, focal adhesions and invadopodia. Metallomics 2014; 6:2204-12. [PMID: 25142071 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy drugs for cancer that would inhibit tumor growth and suppress metastasis are currently lacking. In this study, a series of arene ruthenium complexes, [(η6-arene)Ru(H2iip)Cl]Cl (arene = p-cymene, RAWQ03; CH3C6H5, RAWQ04; and C6H6, RAWQ11), were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against tumor cells were evaluated. The results showed that the complex RAWQ11 inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by inducing S-phase arrest, which is closely related to the inhibition of cell mitosis-mediated cell nucleus damage. Further studies showed that RAWQ11 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The morphology of MDA-MB-231 cells changed, the number of focal adhesions decreased, and the stress fibers de-polymerized upon dealing with the complex RAWQ11. The FITC-gelatin assay confirmed that the formation of invadopodia in MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly blocked by RAWQ11. Furthermore, RAWQ11 can block the AKT signal pathway by upregulating the PTEN expression through binding and downregulating miR-21. These results demonstrated that this type of arene ruthenium(ii) complex can block the invadopodia formation by regulating the PTEN/AKT signal pathway mediated by miR-21 to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Therefore, this complex can be used as a potential dual functional agent to inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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222
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Jadomycins are cytotoxic to ABCB1-, ABCC1-, and ABCG2-overexpressing MCF7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 25:255-69. [PMID: 24231527 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance remains a major obstacle in the effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer. One mechanism by which multidrug resistance is conferred is the decreased intracellular drug accumulation due to the upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We have previously demonstrated that jadomycins, polyketide-derived natural products produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, inhibit the growth of the human breast ductal carcinoma cell lines T47D and MDA-MB-435. To expand our understanding of jadomycin pharmacology, the goal of the present study was to determine whether the function of ABC efflux transporters affects the anticancer activity of jadomycins to MCF7 breast cancer cells. Seven jadomycin analogs (DNV, B, L, SPhG, F, S, and T) effectively reduced the viability of MCF7 control and ABCB1-, ABCC1-, or ABCG2-overexpressing drug-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells as measured by methyltetrazolium cell viability assays and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assays. The inhibition of ABCB1, ABCC1, or ABCG2 with verapamil, MK-571, or Ko-143, respectively, did not augment the cytotoxicity of jadomycins DNV, B, L, SPhG, F, S, or T in drug-resistant MCF7 cells. Furthermore, jadomycins B, L, SPhG, F, S, and T did not increase the intracellular accumulation of ABCB1, ABCC1, or ABCG2 fluorescent substrates in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ABCB1, ABCC1, or ABCG2. We conclude that jadomycins B, L, SPhG, F, S, and T are effective agents in the eradication of MCF7 breast cancer cells grown in culture, and that their cytotoxicities are minimally affected by ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 efflux transporter function.
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223
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Martinez-Serra J, Gutierrez A, Muñoz-Capó S, Navarro-Palou M, Ros T, Amat JC, Lopez B, Marcus TF, Fueyo L, Suquia AG, Gines J, Rubio F, Ramos R, Besalduch J. xCELLigence system for real-time label-free monitoring of growth and viability of cell lines from hematological malignancies. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:985-94. [PMID: 24959085 PMCID: PMC4061162 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s62887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The xCELLigence system is a new technological approach that allows the real-time cell analysis of adherent tumor cells. To date, xCELLigence has not been able to monitor the growth or cytotoxicity of nonadherent cells derived from hematological malignancies. The basis of its technology relies on the use of culture plates with gold microelectrodes located in their base. We have adapted the methodology described by others to xCELLigence, based on the pre-coating of the cell culture surface with specific substrates, some of which are known to facilitate cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix. Pre-coating of the culture plates with fibronectin, compared to laminin, collagen, or gelatin, significantly induced the adhesion of most of the leukemia/lymphoma cells assayed (Jurkat, L1236, KMH2, and K562). With a fibronectin substrate, nonadherent cells deposited in a monolayer configuration, and consequently, the cell growth and viability were robustly monitored. We further demonstrate the feasibility of xCELLigence for the real-time monitoring of the cytotoxic properties of several antineoplastic agents. In order to validate this technology, the data obtained through real-time cell analysis was compared with that obtained from using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. This provides an excellent label-free tool for the screening of drug efficacy in nonadherent cells and discriminates optimal time points for further molecular analysis of cellular events associated with treatments, reducing both time and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martinez-Serra
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Gutierrez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Saúl Muñoz-Capó
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - María Navarro-Palou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Teresa Ros
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Amat
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Toni F Marcus
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Fueyo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Angela G Suquia
- Department of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jordi Gines
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Joan Besalduch
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Mai J, Huang Y, Mu C, Zhang G, Xu R, Guo X, Xia X, Volk DE, Lokesh GL, Thiviyanathan V, Gorenstein DG, Liu X, Ferrari M, Shen H. Bone marrow endothelium-targeted therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer. J Control Release 2014; 187:22-9. [PMID: 24818768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of cancer metastasis to the bone relies on bone marrow drug accumulation. The surface proteins in the bone marrow vascular endothelium provide docking sites for targeted drug delivery. We have developed a thioaptamer that specifically binds to E-selectin that is overexpressed in the vasculature of tumor and inflammatory tissues. In this study, we tested targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA loaded in the E-selectin thioaptamer-conjugated multistage vector (ESTA-MSV) drug carrier to bone marrow for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. We evaluated tumor type- and tumor growth stage-dependent targeting in mice bearing metastatic breast cancer in the bone, and carried out studies to identify factors that determine targeting efficiency. In a subsequent study, we delivered siRNA to knock down expression of the human STAT3 gene in murine xenograft models of human MDA-MB-231 breast tumor, and assessed therapeutic efficacy. Our studies revealed that the CD31(+)E-selectin(+) population accounted for 20.8%, 26.4% and 29.9% of total endothelial cells respectively inside the femur of mice bearing early, middle and late stage metastatic MDA-MB-231 tumors. In comparison, the double positive cells remained at a basal level in mice with early stage MCF-7 tumors, and jumped to 23.9% and 28.2% when tumor growth progressed to middle and late stages. Accumulation of ESTA-MSV inside the bone marrow correlated with the E-selectin expression pattern. There was up to 5-fold enrichment of the targeted MSV in the bone marrow of mice bearing early or late stage MDA-MB-231 tumors and of mice with late stage, but not early stage, MCF-7 tumors. Targeted delivery of STAT3 siRNA in ESTA-MSV resulted in knockdown of STAT3 expression in 48.7% of cancer cells inside the bone marrow. Weekly systemic administration of ESTA-MSV/STAT3 siRNA significantly extended survival of mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastasis. In conclusion, targeting the overexpressed E-selectin provides an effective approach for tissue-specific drug delivery to the bone marrow. Tumor growth in the bone can be effectively inhibited by blockage of the STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - David E Volk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh L Lokesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - David G Gorenstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA.
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA.
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225
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Li Y, Jin M, Shao S, Huang W, Yang F, Chen W, Zhang S, Xia G, Gao Z. Small-sized polymeric micelles incorporating docetaxel suppress distant metastases in the clinically-relevant 4T1 mouse breast cancer model. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:329. [PMID: 24885518 PMCID: PMC4023534 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small size of ultra-small nanoparticles makes them suitable for lymphatic delivery, and many recent studies have examined their role in anti-metastasis therapy. However, the anti-metastatic efficacy of small-sized nanocarriers loaded with taxanes such as docetaxel has not yet been investigated in malignant breast cancer. METHODS We encapsulated docetaxel using poly(D,L-lactide)1300-b-(polyethylene glycol-methoxy)2000 (mPEG2000-b-PDLLA1300) to construct polymeric micelles with a mean diameter of 16.76 nm (SPM). Patient-like 4T1/4T1luc breast cancer models in Balb/c mice, with resected and unresected primary tumors, were used to compare the therapeutic efficacies of SPM and free docetaxel (Duopafei) against breast cancer metastasis using bioluminescent imaging, lung nodule examination, and histological examination. RESULT SPM showed similar efficacy to Duopafei in terms of growth suppression of primary tumors, but greater chemotherapeutic efficacy against breast cancer metastasis. In addition, lung tissue inflammation was decreased in the SPM-treated group, while many tumor cells and neutrophils were found in the Duopafei-treated group. CONCLUSION Small-sized mPEG2000-b-PDLLA1300 micelles could provide an enhanced method of docetaxel delivery in breast cancer metastasis, and may represent a valid chemotherapeutic strategy in breast cancer patients with resected primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
- Pharmacy School, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Feifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
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226
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O’Sullivan D, Henry M, Joyce H, Walsh N, Auley EM, Dowling P, Swan N, Moriarty M, Barnham P, Clynes M, Larkin A. 7B7: a novel antibody directed against the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer blocks invasion in pancreatic and lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6983-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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227
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Attenuation of malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells through eIF2α-mediated downregulation of Rac1 signaling. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1980-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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228
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Ebrahimkhani MR, Neiman JAS, Raredon MSB, Hughes DJ, Griffith LG. Bioreactor technologies to support liver function in vitro. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:132-57. [PMID: 24607703 PMCID: PMC4144187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver is a central nexus integrating metabolic and immunologic homeostasis in the human body, and the direct or indirect target of most molecular therapeutics. A wide spectrum of therapeutic and technological needs drives efforts to capture liver physiology and pathophysiology in vitro, ranging from prediction of metabolism and toxicity of small molecule drugs, to understanding off-target effects of proteins, nucleic acid therapies, and targeted therapeutics, to serving as disease models for drug development. Here we provide perspective on the evolving landscape of bioreactor-based models to meet old and new challenges in drug discovery and development, emphasizing design challenges in maintaining long-term liver-specific function and how emerging technologies in biomaterials and microdevices are providing new experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Shepard Neiman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Micha Sam B Raredon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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229
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Shore AN, Rosen JM. Regulation of mammary epithelial cell homeostasis by lncRNAs. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:318-30. [PMID: 24680897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells of the mammary gland develop primarily after birth and undergo surges of hormonally regulated proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during both puberty and pregnancy. Thus, the mammary gland is a useful model to study fundamental processes of development and adult tissue homeostasis, such as stem and progenitor cell regulation, cell fate commitment, and differentiation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as prominent regulators of these essential processes, as their extraordinary versatility allows them to modulate gene expression via diverse mechanisms at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Not surprisingly, lncRNAs are also aberrantly expressed in cancer and promote tumorigenesis by disrupting vital cellular functions, such as cell cycle, survival, and migration. In this review, we first broadly summarize the functions of lncRNAs in mammalian development and cancer. Then we focus on what is currently known about the role of lncRNAs in mammary gland development and breast cancer. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: The Non-coding RNA Revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N Shore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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230
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Hepatic Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Steatosis, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e154. [PMID: 24643205 PMCID: PMC4027984 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in the discovery of gene targets in metabolic diseases. However, in vivo studies based on molecular biological technologies such as the generation of knockout mice and the construction of short hairpin RNA vectors require considerable effort and time, which is a major limitation for in vivo functional analysis. Here, we introduce a liver-specific nonviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system into rapid and efficient characterization of hepatic gene targets in metabolic disease mice. The comparative transcriptome analysis in liver between KKAy diabetic and normal control mice demonstrated that the expression of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1), an enzyme involved in triglyceride synthesis and storage, was highly elevated during the disease progression. The upregulation of Mogat1 expression in liver was also found in other genetic (db/db) and diet-induced obese mice. The silencing of hepatic Mogat1 via a liver-specific siRNA delivery system resulted in a dramatic improvement in blood glucose levels and hepatic steatosis as well as overweight with no apparent overall toxicities, indicating that hepatic Mogat1 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. The integrated approach with transcriptomics and nonviral siRNA delivery system provides a blueprint for rapid drug discovery and development.
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231
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Nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by activating TGF-β signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3388. [PMID: 24584437 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In advanced cancers, the TGF-β pathway acts as an oncogenic factor and is considered to be a therapeutic target. Here using a genome-wide cDNA screen, we identify nuclear receptor NR4A1 as a strong activator of TGF-β signalling. NR4A1 promotes TGF-β/SMAD signalling by facilitating AXIN2-RNF12/ARKADIA-induced SMAD7 degradation. NR4A1 interacts with SMAD7 and AXIN2, and potently and directly induces AXIN2 expression. Whereas loss of NR4A1 inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, slight NR4A1 ectopic expression stimulates metastasis in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Importantly, inflammatory cytokines potently induce NR4A1 expression, and potentiate TGF-β-mediated breast cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Notably, NR4A1 expression is elevated in breast cancer patients with high immune infiltration and its expression weakly correlates with phosphorylated SMAD2 levels, and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Our results uncover inflammation-induced NR4A1 as an important determinant for hyperactivation of pro-oncogenic TGF-β signalling in breast cancer.
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232
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Joy ME, Vollmer LL, Hulkower K, Stern AM, Peterson CK, Boltz RC“D, Roy P, Vogt A. A high-content, multiplexed screen in human breast cancer cells identifies profilin-1 inducers with anti-migratory activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88350. [PMID: 24520372 PMCID: PMC3919756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin-1 (Pfn-1) is a ubiquitously expressed actin-binding protein that is essential for normal cell proliferation and migration. In breast cancer and several other adenocarcinomas, Pfn-1 expression is downregulated when compared to normal tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that genetically modulating Pfn-1 expression significantly impacts proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro, and mammary tumor growth, dissemination, and metastatic colonization in vivo. Therefore, small molecules that can modulate Pfn-1 expression could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The overall goal of this study was to perform a multiplexed phenotypic screen to identify compounds that inhibit cell motility through upregulation of Pfn-1. Screening of a test cassette of 1280 compounds with known biological activities on an Oris™ Pro 384 cell migration platform identified several agents that increased Pfn-1 expression greater than two-fold over vehicle controls and exerted anti-migratory effects in the absence of overt cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Concentration-response confirmation and orthogonal follow-up assays identified two bona fide inducers of Pfn-1, purvalanol and tyrphostin A9, that confirmed in single-cell motility assays and Western blot analyses. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of Pfn-1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of tyrphostin A9 on cell migration, suggesting Pfn-1 is mechanistically linked to tyrphostin A9′s anti-migratory activity. The data illustrate the utility of the high-content cell motility assay to discover novel targeted anti-migratory agents by integrating functional phenotypic analyses with target-specific readouts in a single assay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E. Joy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Vollmer
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keren Hulkower
- Platypus Technologies, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Stern
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cameron K. Peterson
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. C. “Dutch” Boltz
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (PR)
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (PR)
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233
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He Q, Shi J. MSN anti-cancer nanomedicines: chemotherapy enhancement, overcoming of drug resistance, and metastasis inhibition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:391-411. [PMID: 24142549 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the anti-cancer war, there are three main obstacles resulting in high mortality and recurrence rate of cancers: the severe toxic side effect of anti-cancer drugs to normal tissues due to the lack of tumor-selectivity, the multi-drug resistance (MDR) to free chemotherapeutic drugs and the deadly metastases of cancer cells. The development of state-of-art nanomedicines based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is expected to overcome the above three main obstacles. In the view of the fast development of anti-cancer strategy, this review highlights the most recent advances of MSN anti-cancer nanomedicines in enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy, overcoming the MDR and inhibiting metastasis. Furthermore, we give an outlook of the future development of MSNs-based anti-cancer nanomedicines, and propose several innovative and forward-looking anti-cancer strategies, including tumor tissue-cell-nuclear successionally targeted drug delivery strategy, tumor cell-selective nuclear-targeted drug delivery strategy, multi-targeting and multi-drug strategy, chemo-/radio-/photodynamic-/ultrasound-/thermo-combined multi-modal therapy by virtue of functionalized hollow/rattle-structured MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun He
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China; School of Chemistry University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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234
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GPI/AMF inhibition blocks the development of the metastatic phenotype of mature multi-cellular tumor spheroids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1043-53. [PMID: 24440856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular invasiveness are two pivotal processes for the development of metastatic tumor phenotypes. The metastatic profile of non-metastatic MCF-7 cells growing as multi-cellular tumor microspheroids (MCTSs) was analyzed by determining the contents of the EMT, invasive and migratory proteins, as well as their migration and invasiveness potential and capacity to secrete active cytokines such as the glucose phosphate isomerase/AMF (GPI/AMF). As for the control, the same analysis was also performed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (highly metastatic, MDA) monolayer cells, and in stage IIIB and IV human metastatic breast biopsies. The proliferative cell layers (PRL) of mature MCF-7 MCTSs, MDA monolayer cells and metastatic biopsies exhibited increased cellular contents (2-15 times) of EMT (β-catenin, SNAIL), migratory (vimentin, cytokeratin, and fibronectin) and invasive (MMP-1, VEGF) proteins versus MCF-7 monolayer cells, quiescent cell layers of mature MCF-7 MCTS and non-metastatic breast biopsies. The increase in metastatic proteins correlated with substantially elevated cellular abilities for migration (18-times) and invasiveness (13-times) and with the higher level (6-times) of the cytokine GPI/AMF in the extracellular medium of PRL, as compared to MCF-7 monolayer cells. Interestingly, the addition of the GPI/AMF inhibitors erythrose-4-phosphate or 6-phosphogluconate at micromolar doses significantly decreased its extracellular activity (>80%), with a concomitant diminution in the metastatic protein content and migratory tumor cell capacity, and with no inhibitory effect on tumor lactate production or toxicity on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The present findings provide new insights into the discovery of metabolic inhibitors to be used as complementary therapy against metastatic and aggressive tumors.
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235
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Braig S, Wiedmann RM, Liebl J, Singer M, Kubisch R, Schreiner L, Abhari BA, Wagner E, Kazmaier U, Fulda S, Vollmar AM. Pretubulysin: a new option for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1001. [PMID: 24434509 PMCID: PMC4040707 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin-binding agents such as taxol, vincristine or vinblastine are well-established drugs in clinical treatment of metastatic cancer. However, because of their highly complex chemical structures, the synthesis and hence the supply issues are still quite challenging. Here we set on stage pretubulysin, a chemically accessible precursor of tubulysin that was identified as a potent microtubule-binding agent produced by myxobacteria. Although much simpler in chemical structure, pretubulysin abrogates proliferation and long-term survival as well as anchorage-independent growth, and also induces anoikis and apoptosis in invasive tumor cells equally potent to tubulysin. Moreover, pretubulysin posseses in vivo efficacy shown in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model with T24 bladder tumor cells, in a mouse xenograft model using MDA-MB-231 mammary cancer cells and finally in a model of lung metastasis induced by 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. Pretubulysin induces cell death via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by abrogating the expression of pivotal antiapoptotic proteins, namely Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, and shows distinct chemosensitizing properties in combination with TRAIL in two- and three-dimensional cell culture models. Unraveling the underlying signaling pathways provides novel information: pretubulysin induces proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (especially JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)) and phosphorylation of Mcl-1, which is then targeted by the SCFFbw7 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination and degradation. In sum, we designate the microtubule-destabilizing compound pretubulysin as a highly promising novel agent for mono treatment and combinatory treatment of invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braig
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R M Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - J Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - M Singer
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R Kubisch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - L Schreiner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - B A Abhari
- Institute for Experimental Research in Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt aM, Germany
| | - E Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - U Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, PO Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Research in Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt aM, Germany
| | - A M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Ishak DHA, Ooi KK, Ang KP, Akim AM, Cheah YK, Nordin N, Halim SNBA, Seng HL, Tiekink ER. A bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate compound promotes apoptosis in HepG2 carcinoma, cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell invasion through modulation of the NF-κB activation pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 130:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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237
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Chiu HW, Yeh YL, Wang YC, Huang WJ, Chen YA, Chiou YS, Ho SY, Lin P, Wang YJ. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, enhances radiosensitivity and suppresses lung metastasis in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76340. [PMID: 24130769 PMCID: PMC3794942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by the absence of an estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, is associated with an early recurrence of disease and poor outcome. Furthermore, the majority of deaths in breast cancer patients are from metastases instead of from primary tumors. In this study, MCF-7 (an estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell line), MDA-MB-231 (a human TNBC cell line) and 4T1 (a mouse TNBC cell line) were used to investigate the anti-cancer effects of ionizing radiation (IR) combined with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC)) and to determine the underlying mechanisms of these effects in vitro and in vivo. We also evaluated the ability of SAHA to inhibit the metastasis of 4T1 cells. We found that IR combined with SAHA showed increased therapeutic efficacy when compared with either treatment alone in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Moreover, the combined treatment enhanced DNA damage through the inhibition of DNA repair proteins. The combined treatment was induced primarily through autophagy and ER stress. In an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model, the combination treatment showed a greater inhibition of tumor growth. In addition, SAHA inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of 4T1 cells and inhibited breast cancer cell migration by inhibiting the activity of MMP-9. In an in vivo experimental metastasis mouse model, SAHA significantly inhibited lung metastasis. SAHA not only enhances radiosensitivity but also suppresses lung metastasis in breast cancer. These novel findings suggest that SAHA alone or combined with IR could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yow Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PL); (YJW)
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PL); (YJW)
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Eccles SA, Aboagye EO, Ali S, Anderson AS, Armes J, Berditchevski F, Blaydes JP, Brennan K, Brown NJ, Bryant HE, Bundred NJ, Burchell JM, Campbell AM, Carroll JS, Clarke RB, Coles CE, Cook GJR, Cox A, Curtin NJ, Dekker LV, dos Santos Silva I, Duffy SW, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Edwards DR, Edwards J, Evans DG, Fenlon DF, Flanagan JM, Foster C, Gallagher WM, Garcia-Closas M, Gee JMW, Gescher AJ, Goh V, Groves AM, Harvey AJ, Harvie M, Hennessy BT, Hiscox S, Holen I, Howell SJ, Howell A, Hubbard G, Hulbert-Williams N, Hunter MS, Jasani B, Jones LJ, Key TJ, Kirwan CC, Kong A, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP, Leach MO, Mann DJ, Marshall JF, Martin LA, Martin SG, Macdougall JE, Miles DW, Miller WR, Morris JR, Moss SM, Mullan P, Natrajan R, O’Connor JPB, O’Connor R, Palmieri C, Pharoah PDP, Rakha EA, Reed E, Robinson SP, Sahai E, Saxton JM, Schmid P, Smalley MJ, Speirs V, Stein R, Stingl J, Streuli CH, Tutt ANJ, Velikova G, Walker RA, Watson CJ, Williams KJ, Young LS, Thompson AM. Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R92. [PMID: 24286369 PMCID: PMC3907091 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge. This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges emerging from recent research, and proposes strategies for translating solutions into practice. METHODS More than 100 internationally recognised specialist breast cancer scientists, clinicians and healthcare professionals collaborated to address nine thematic areas: genetics, epigenetics and epidemiology; molecular pathology and cell biology; hormonal influences and endocrine therapy; imaging, detection and screening; current/novel therapies and biomarkers; drug resistance; metastasis, angiogenesis, circulating tumour cells, cancer 'stem' cells; risk and prevention; living with and managing breast cancer and its treatment. The groups developed summary papers through an iterative process which, following further appraisal from experts and patients, were melded into this summary account. RESULTS The 10 major gaps identified were: (1) understanding the functions and contextual interactions of genetic and epigenetic changes in normal breast development and during malignant transformation; (2) how to implement sustainable lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and weight) and chemopreventive strategies; (3) the need for tailored screening approaches including clinically actionable tests; (4) enhancing knowledge of molecular drivers behind breast cancer subtypes, progression and metastasis; (5) understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumour heterogeneity, dormancy, de novo or acquired resistance and how to target key nodes in these dynamic processes; (6) developing validated markers for chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity; (7) understanding the optimal duration, sequencing and rational combinations of treatment for improved personalised therapy; (8) validating multimodality imaging biomarkers for minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of responses in primary and metastatic disease; (9) developing interventions and support to improve the survivorship experience; (10) a continuing need for clinical material for translational research derived from normal breast, blood, primary, relapsed, metastatic and drug-resistant cancers with expert bioinformatics support to maximise its utility. The proposed infrastructural enablers include enhanced resources to support clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo tumour models; improved access to appropriate, fully annotated clinical samples; extended biomarker discovery, validation and standardisation; and facilitated cross-discipline working. CONCLUSIONS With resources to conduct further high-quality targeted research focusing on the gaps identified, increased knowledge translating into improved clinical care should be achievable within five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Jo Armes
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | | | - Jeremy P Blaydes
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicola J Brown
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nigel J Bundred
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Charlotte E Coles
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gary JR Cook
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen W Duffy
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Deborah F Fenlon
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Claire Foster
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | | | - Julia M W Gee
- University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Andy J Gescher
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 4RH, UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ashley M Groves
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Michelle Harvie
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Ingunn Holen
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sacha J Howell
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bharat Jasani
- University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Cliona C Kirwan
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Martin O Leach
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - David J Mann
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John F Marshall
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lesley Ann Martin
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sue M Moss
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paul Mullan
- Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Rachel Natrajan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | | | | | - Carlo Palmieri
- The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Reed
- Princess Alice Hospice, West End Lane, Esher KT10 8NA, UK
| | - Simon P Robinson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - John M Saxton
- University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter Schmid
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9PX, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Stein
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Stingl
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine J Watson
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leonie S Young
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Murakami M, Ernsting MJ, Undzys E, Holwell N, Foltz WD, Li SD. Docetaxel conjugate nanoparticles that target α-smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal cells suppress breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4862-71. [PMID: 23907638 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel-conjugate nanoparticles, known as Cellax, were synthesized by covalently conjugating docetaxel and polyethylene glycol to acetylated carboxymethylcellulose via ester linkages, yielding a polymeric conjugate that self-assembled into 120 nm particles suitable for intravenous administration. In 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 orthotopic breast tumor models, Cellax therapy reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) content by 82% and 70%, respectively, whereas native docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel (albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticle, Abraxane) exerted no significant antistromal activity. In Cellax-treated mice, tumor perfusion was increased by approximately 70-fold (FITC-lectin binding), tumor vascular permeability was enhanced by more than 30% (dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging), tumor matrix was decreased by 2.5-fold (immunohistochemistry), and tumor interstitial fluid pressure was suppressed by approximately 3-fold after Cellax therapy compared with the control, native docetaxel, and nab-paclitaxel groups. The antistromal effect of Cellax treatment corresponded to a significantly enhanced antimetastatic effect: lung nodules were reduced by 7- to 24-fold by Cellax treatment, whereas native docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel treatments were ineffective. Studies of the 4T1 tumor showed that more than 85% of the Cellax nanoparticles were delivered to the α-SMA+ stroma. Significant tumor stromal depletion occurred within 16 hours (∼50% depletion) postinjection, and the α-SMA+ stroma population was almost undetectable (∼3%) by 1 week. The 4T1 tumor epithelial cell population was not significantly reduced in the week after Cellax injection. These data suggest that Cellax targets tumor stroma and performs more efficaciously than docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Murakami
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre South Tower, Suite 800,Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
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Afsharimani B, Baran J, Watanabe S, Lindner D, Cabot PJ, Parat MO. Morphine and breast tumor metastasis: the role of matrix-degrading enzymes. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 31:149-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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241
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Slaney CY, Rautela J, Parker BS. The emerging role of immunosurveillance in dictating metastatic spread in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5852-7. [PMID: 24062312 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now well known that the immune system can recognize transformed cells and control the initiation and growth of some cancers, a process termed tumor immunosurveillance. Key regulators of this process have been described in the primary tumor setting, where the balance of protumor and antitumor responses dictates tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that immunosurveillance may also be critical for regulating metastatic spread, the most fatal aspect of cancer, and that mechanisms of overcoming immune control may be quite different from those at the primary site. Our recent findings support loss of type I interferon (IFN) signaling as a tumor-cell intrinsic mechanism of evading metastasis-specific immune responses in breast cancer. We revealed that type I IFN-induced innate (natural killer) and adaptive (CD8(+) T cell) responses suppressed bone metastatic growth and this was associated with decreased accumulation of immune suppressor cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells). This review summarizes recent findings that are in support of tumor-induced immunosurveillance in regulating metastatic spread, including evidence that immune regulation of primary tumors may be distinct from those dictating metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Y Slaney
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Olmez OF, Evrensel T, Cubukcu E, Ugras N, Avci N, Canhoroz M, Deligonul A, Hartavi M, Olmez F, Cubukcu S, Tolunay S, Kurt E, Kanat O, Manavoglu O. Prognostic significance of human epidermal receptor (HER)- 3 immunohistochemical expression in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4115-9. [PMID: 23991962 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have shown that human epidermal receptor (HER)-3 overexpression may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, but results have been conflicting. In this study, we sought to investigate the prognostic significance of HER-3 immunohistochemical expression in patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed HER-3 immunohistochemical expression profiles in 45 paraffin-embedded specimens from patients who had been treated between 1996 and 2006 in the Department of Oncology of the Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. Membranous or cytoplasmic dominant expression patterns of HER-3 were analyzed using the Rajkumar score and a cytoplasmic 4-point scoring system, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) served as the main outcome measures. RESULTS The median PFS in the study participants was 9 months (interquartile range: 4.5-13 months), whereas the median OS was 20 months (interquartile range: 7.5-28 months). Categorization of the patient population according to HER-3 positive immunohistochemical expression did not reveal any statistically significant difference in terms of both PFS (p=0.70) and OS (p=0.81). The results of multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor size was the only independent predictor of PFS, whereas estrogen and progesterone receptor status was independently associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS HER-3 immunohistochemical expression did not correlate with outcomes in Turkish patients with metastatic breast cancer. Although our results suggest that HER-3 expression in cancer specimens is not of prognostic significance, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Fatih Olmez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
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Significance of PELP1/HDAC2/miR-200 regulatory network in EMT and metastasis of breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:3707-16. [PMID: 23975430 PMCID: PMC3935988 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death among breast cancer patients. PELP1 is a nuclear receptor coregulator that is upregulated during breast cancer progression to metastasis and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we show that PELP1 modulates expression of metastasis-influencing microRNAs (miRs) to promote cancer metastasis. Whole genome miR array analysis using PELP1 over expressing and under expressing model cells revealed that miR-200a and miR-141 levels inversely correlated with PELP1 expression. Consistent with this, PELP1 knockdown resulted in lower expression of miR-200a target genes ZEB1 and ZEB2. PELP1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared with parental cells in an orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Furthermore, re-introduction of miR-200a and miR-141 mimetics into PELP1 overexpressing cells reversed PELP1 target gene expression, decreased PELP1 driven migration/invasion in vitro, and significantly reduced in vivo metastatic potential in a preclinical model of experimental metastasis. Our results demonstrated that PELP1 binds to miR-200a and miR-141 promoters and regulates their expression by recruiting chromatin modifier HDAC2 as revealed by ChIP, siRNA and HDAC inhibitor assays. Taken together, our results suggest that PELP1 regulates tumor metastasis by controlling the expression and functions of the tumor metastasis suppressors miR-200a and miR-141.
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Duan X, Xiao J, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Yu H, Mao S, Li Y. Smart pH-sensitive and temporal-controlled polymeric micelles for effective combination therapy of doxorubicin and disulfiram. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5858-69. [PMID: 23734880 DOI: 10.1021/nn4010796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a chemotherapeutic drug with a multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator has emerged as a promising strategy for treating MDR cancer. To ensure two drugs could be simultaneously delivered to tumor region at the optimum ratio, and the MDR modulator could be released earlier and faster than the chemotherapeutic drug to inactivate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and subsequently inhibit the pumping out of the chemotherapeutic drug, a smart pH-sensitive polymeric micelles system with high drug loading and precise drug ratio was designed and prepared by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) to poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) derivative with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) through a acid-cleavable hydrazone bond, and then encapsulating disulfiram (DSF), a P-gp inhibitor as well as an apoptosis inducer, into the micelles formed by the self-assembly of SMA-ADH-DOX (SAD) conjugate. The pH-sensitive polymeric micelles system enabled a temporal release of two drugs: encapsulated DSF was released fast to inhibit the activity of P-gp and restore cell apoptotic signaling pathways, while conjugated DOX was released in a sustained and pH-dependent manner and highly accumulated in drug resistant cells to exert therapeutic effect, due to the inactivation of P-gp by DSF. The smart co-delivery system was very effective in enhancing the cytotoxicity by increasing the intracellular accumulation of DOX and promoting the apoptotic response, and showed the most effective inhibitory effect on the growth of drug-resistant breast cancer xenografts as compared to other combinations of both drugs. In a word, this smart co-delivery system has significant promise for the clinical therapy of MDR cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopin Duan
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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246
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Rösel D, Brábek J, Veselý P, Fernandes M. Drugs for solid cancer: the productivity crisis prompts a rethink. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:767-77. [PMID: 23836990 PMCID: PMC3699349 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s45177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in cancer-drug discovery, the delivery of novel, safe, and sustainably effective products to the clinic has stalled. Using Src as a model, we examine key steps in drug development. The preclinical evidence on the relationship between Src and solid cancer is in sharp contrast with the modest anticancer effect noted in conventional clinical trials. Here, we consider Src inhibitors as an example of a promising drug class directed to invasion and metastasis and identify roadblocks in translation. We question the assumption that a drug-induced tumor shrinkage in preclinical and clinical studies predicts a successful outcome. Our analysis indicates that the key areas requiring attention are related, and include preclinical models (in vitro and mouse models), meaningful clinical trial end points, and an appreciation of the role of metastasis in morbidity and mortality. Current regulations do not reflect the natural history of the disease, and may be unrelated to the key complications: local invasion, metastasis, and the development of resistance. Alignment of preclinical and clinical studies and regulations based on mechanistic trial end points and platforms may help in overcoming these roadblocks. Viewed kaleidoscopically, most elements necessary and sufficient for a novel translational paradigm are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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247
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Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK1 is a critical regulator of HER2-mediated breast cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7434-9. [PMID: 23592719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of solid tumors to the metastatic stage is accountable for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing metastasis is essential for the development of antimetastatic regimens. Here, we aimed to identify Rac activators that could promote metastasis downstream of human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We investigated if Dedicator of Cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1), based on its evolutionarily conserved role in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)-mediated Rac activation and cell invasion, could be a regulator of metastasis. We report that high expression of DOCK1 in HER2(+) and basal breast cancer subtypes inversely correlates with human patients' survival. Mechanistically, DOCK1 interacts with HER2 and promotes HER2-induced Rac activation and cell migration. To gain further insight, we developed a HER2 breast cancer mouse model with mammary-gland-specific inactivation of DOCK1. In this in vivo model, a significant decrease in tumor growth and metastasis in lungs was found in animals where DOCK1 is inactivated. Furthermore, we found that DOCK1 is required for maximal activation of two HER2 effectors, c-JUN and STAT3. Using an unbiased gene profiling approach, we identified a mammary tumor DOCK1-associated gene signature enriched for genes implicated in response to IFN type I. This analysis revealed a unique set of genes, including Receptor Transporter Protein 4 (RTP4) and STAT1, for which the expression levels can be used to independently predict breast cancer outcome in HER2(+) patients. Our work demonstrates DOCK1-Rac signaling as an HER2 effector pathway essential for HER2-mediated breast cancer progression to metastasis and offers a therapeutic opportunity to limit the spread of metastatic breast cancers.
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Xiao J, Duan X, Yin Q, Miao Z, Yu H, Chen C, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li Y. The inhibition of metastasis and growth of breast cancer by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway using bioreducible PEI-based/p65 shRNA complex nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5381-90. [PMID: 23591394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. In this study, a bioreducible polymer, Tween 85-s-s-polyethyleneimine 2K (TSP), was synthesized and used as a non-viral gene vector for p65 shRNA to block NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. The TSP/p65 shRNA complex nanoparticles (TSNs) could significantly down-regulate p65 expression in breast cancer cells due to the rapid degradation of TSP with prompt shRNA release, and consequently not only inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, but also induce cell apoptosis and disrupt the tube formation. Most importantly, TSNs showed high accumulation in tumor and almost completely inhibited the growth and metastasis of the breast cancer xenograft in nude mice induced by MDA-MB-435 cells. All these results indicated the promising of TSP as a non-viral gene vector to knock down p65 expression and inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Xiao
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Imaging tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer experimental lung metastasis with positron emission tomography, near-infrared fluorescence, and bioluminescence. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:663-74. [PMID: 23471463 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a molecular imaging agent that can allow for both positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of CD105 expression in metastatic breast cancer. TRC105, a chimeric anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody, was labeled with both a NIRF dye (i.e., IRDye 800CW) and (64)Cu to yield (64)Cu-NOTA-TRC105-800CW. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no difference in CD105 binding affinity/specificity between TRC105 and NOTA-TRC105-800CW. Serial bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was carried out to non-invasively monitor the lung tumor burden in BALB/c mice, after intravenous injection of firefly luciferase-transfected 4T1 (i.e., fLuc-4T1) murine breast cancer cells to establish the experimental lung metastasis model. Serial PET imaging revealed that fLuc-4T1 lung tumor uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-TRC105-800CW was 11.9 ± 1.2, 13.9 ± 3.9, and 13.4 ± 2.1 %ID/g at 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection respectively (n = 3). Biodistribution studies, blocking fLuc-4T1 lung tumor uptake with excess TRC105, control experiments with (64)Cu-NOTA-cetuximab-800CW (which served as an isotype-matched control), ex vivo BLI/PET/NIRF imaging, autoradiography, and histology all confirmed CD105 specificity of (64)Cu-NOTA-TRC105-800CW. Successful PET/NIRF imaging of tumor angiogenesis (i.e., CD105 expression) in the breast cancer experimental lung metastasis model warrants further investigation and clinical translation of dual-labeled TRC105-based agents, which can potentially enable early detection of small metastases and image-guided surgery for tumor removal.
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Mizumoto S, Sugahara K. Glycosaminoglycans are functional ligands for receptor for advanced glycation end-products in tumors. FEBS J 2013; 280:2462-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science; Sapporo; Japan
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