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Stojanović S, Šelemetjev S, Đorić I, Rončević J, Janković Miljuš J, Živaljević V, Išić Denčić T. Elevated BANCR expression levels have different effects on papillary thyroid carcinoma progression depending on the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:1835-1842. [PMID: 32651027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA (BANCR) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial, its clinical significance is unclear and no study has correlated the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC with BANCR expression. METHODS BANCR levels in PTC and matched nonmalignant thyroid epithelial tissues from 85 patients were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. BRAFV600E was detected by mutant allele-specific PCR amplification. The results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. RESULTS The presence of BRAFV600E associates with lower relative BANCR expression (RBE) in PTC (p = 0.008). RBE is down-regulated in BRAFV600E positive PTC, while it is unchanged or up-regulated in BRAFV600E negative PTC compared to the levels in paired nonmalignant tissue (p = 0.001). At the cut-off of 31.3%, sensitivity of fold change of BANCR for the presence of BRAFV600E is 68.0% and specificity is 67.2%. In BRAFV600E positive PTC up-regulated BANCR predicts lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), while in BRAFV600E negative PTCs high RBE predicts thyroid capsule invasion (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Depending on the presence of BRAFV600E, elevated BANCR levels demonstrated different effects on lymphatic spreading and local PTC invasion. Therefore, BANCR could be a useful prognostic biomarker in risk stratification of PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Stojanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Šelemetjev
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilona Đorić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Rončević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Janković Miljuš
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Živaljević
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Išić Denčić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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202
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MacDonald L, Jenkins J, Purvis G, Lee J, Franco AT. The Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention and Prognostication. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:205-217. [PMID: 32548798 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and incidences are rising rapidly, in both pediatric and adult populations. Many thyroid tumors are successfully treated which results in low mortality rates, but there is often a significant morbidity associated with thyroid cancer treatments. For patients with tumors that are not successfully treated with surgical resection or radioactive iodine treatment, prognosis is dramatically reduced. Patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer face a very grim prognosis with a median survival of 6 months post-diagnosis. There is a critical need to identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing persistent disease and progressing to poorly differentiated or anaplastic disease. Furthermore, development of treatments associated with less morbidity would represent a significant improvement for thyroid cancer survivors. It is well established the stromal cells and components of the tumor microenvironment can drive tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Here we review the current state of what is known regarding the thyroid tumor microenvironment and how these factors may contribute to thyroid tumor pathogenesis. Study of the tumor microenvironment within thyroid cancer is a relatively new field, and more studies are needed to dissect the complex and dynamic crosstalk between thyroid tumor cells and its tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Purvis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aime T Franco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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203
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Gianì F, Russo G, Pennisi M, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Pappalardo F. Computational modeling reveals MAP3K8 as mediator of resistance to vemurafenib in thyroid cancer stem cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:2267-2275. [PMID: 30481266 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Val600Glu (V600E) mutation is the most common BRAF mutation detected in thyroid cancer. Hence, recent research efforts have been performed trying to explore several inhibitors of the V600E mutation-containing BRAF kinase as potential therapeutic options in thyroid cancer refractory to standard interventions. Among them, vemurafenib is a selective BRAF inhibitor approved by Food and Drug Administration for clinical practice. Unfortunately, vemurafenib often displays limited efficacy in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas probably because of intrinsic and/or acquired resistance mechanisms. In this view, cancer stem cells (CSCs) may represent a possible mechanism of resistance to vemurafenib, due to their self-renewal and chemo resistance properties. RESULTS We present a computational framework to suggest new potential targets to overcome drug resistance. It has been validated with an in vitro model based upon a spheroid-forming method able to isolate thyroid CSCs that may mimic resistance to vemurafenib. Indeed, vemurafenib did not inhibit cell proliferation of BRAF V600E thyroid CSCs, but rather stimulated cell proliferation along with a paradoxical over-activation of ERK and AKT pathways. The computational model identified a fundamental role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAP3K8), a serine/threonine kinase expressed in thyroid CSCs, in mediating this drug resistance. To confirm model prediction, we set a suitable in vitro experiment revealing that the treatment with MAP3K8 inhibitor restored the effect of vemurafenib in terms of both DNA fragmentation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage (apoptosis) in thyroid CSCs. Moreover, MAP3K8 expression levels may be a useful marker to predict the response to vemurafenib. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The model is available in GitHub repository visiting the following URL: https://github.com/francescopappalardo/MAP3K8-Thyroid-Spheres-V-3.0. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular BioMedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences
| | | | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular BioMedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular BioMedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center
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204
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Yue WW, Qi L, Wang DD, Yu SJ, Wang XJ, Xu HX, Wang SR. US-guided Microwave Ablation of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Longer-Term Results of a Prospective Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5810812. [PMID: 32198508 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has become a main cause of the extremely high incidence of thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of low-risk PTMC with a large population. METHODS This prospective study was approved by ethics committee of our institution. MWA was performed under US-guidance for 119 unifocal PTMC patients without clinically cervical or distant metastasis. The target ablation zone exceeded the tumor edge judged by contrast-enhanced US to avoid marginal residue and recurrence. US and thyroid function evaluation were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Any adverse event associated with MWA was evaluated. RESULTS The follow-up duration after MWA was 37.2 ± 20.9 months (range 12-101 months). Tumor volume decreased significantly from 1.87 ± 1.03 mL immediately after MWA to 0.01 ± 0.04 mL at the final evaluation (P < 0.001), with a mean volume reduction ratio of 99.4 ± 2.2% and 107 cases (93.9%) got complete remission. A patient was detected with cervical lymph node metastasis at 26-month follow-up and underwent 1 additional MWA treatment successfully. No distant metastasis was observed. All the acquired histological pathology results confirmed the absence of residual or recurrent tumor cells after MWA. No delayed complications associated with MWA were encountered for all patients. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous MWA is technically feasible for complete PTMC destruction and showed well longer-term effectiveness; thus, it seems to be an effective nonsurgical therapy to complement the current recommendation for selected low-risk PTMC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Yue
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shou-Jun Yu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Ju Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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205
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Coopmans EC, Muhammad A, Daly AF, de Herder WW, van Kemenade FJ, Beckers A, de Haan M, van der Lely AJ, Korpershoek E, Neggers SJCMM. The role of AIP variants in pituitary adenomas and concomitant thyroid carcinomas in the Netherlands: a nationwide pathology registry (PALGA) study. Endocrine 2020; 68:640-649. [PMID: 32333269 PMCID: PMC7308253 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) have been identified often in the setting of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). To date there is no strong evidence linking germline AIP mutations to other neoplasms apart from the pituitary. Our primary objective was to investigate the prevalence of AIP gene mutations and mutations in genes that have been associated with neuroendocrine tumors in series of tumors from patients presenting with both pituitary adenomas and differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). METHODS Pathology samples were retrieved from all pituitary adenomas in patients with concomitant DTCs, including one with a known germline AIP variant. Subsequently, two additional patients with known germline AIP variants were included, of which one presented only with a follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). RESULTS In total, 17 patients (14 DTCs and 15 pituitary adenomas) were investigated by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The pituitary tumor samples revealed no mutations, while among the thyroid tumor samples BRAF (6/14, 42.9%) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by NRAS (3/11, 27.3%). In one AIP-mutated FIPA kindred, the AIP-variant c.853C>T; p.Q285* was confirmed in the FTC specimen, including evidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the AIP locus in the tumor DNA. CONCLUSION Although most observed variants in pituitary adenomas and DTCs were similar to those of sporadic DTCs, we confirmed in one AIP mutation-positive case the AIP-variant and LOH at this locus in an FTC specimen, which raises the potential role of the AIP mutation as a rare initiating event.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Coopmans
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology section, Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Muhammad
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology section, Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A F Daly
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liege, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - W W de Herder
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology section, Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Kemenade
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Beckers
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liege, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - M de Haan
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J van der Lely
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology section, Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J C M M Neggers
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology section, Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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206
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Qi W, Shi C, Zhang P, Feng L, Wang J, Chen D. Effect of BRAF V600E mutation detection of fine-needle aspiration biopsy on diagnosis and treatment guidance of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153037. [PMID: 32703500 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of detection of BRAF V600E mutation in the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens of thyroid nodules and the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS A total of 252 patients who underwent initial thyroid surgery were retrospectively analysed. All the patients underwent a preoperative FNAC at our institution, and the thyroid puncture cell fluid was used for both the cytological diagnosis and BRAF V600E mutational analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of BRAF V600E mutation in FNAC fluid in diagnosing PTC. The association between BRAF V600E mutation and the clinicopathological parameters of PTC was analysed using the χ2 test. RESULTS Through FNAC, 21 (8%), 60 (24%), and 171 (68%) cases were cytologically diagnosed as benign, indeterminate, and malignant, respectively. Postoperatively, 242 cases were histopathologically diagnosed as PTCs and 10 as goitre nodules. In the FNAC samples, 12 (57 %) of the 21 benign, 48 (80 %) of the 60 indeterminate, and 152 (88.9 %) of the 171 malignant cases showed BRAF V600E mutation. The histopathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of BRAF V600E mutational analysis in the FNAC samples for the diagnosis of PTC were 91.7 % and 100 % in benign, 82.8 % and 100 % in the indeterminate, and 89.4 % and 100 % in the malignant cases, respectively. CONCLUSION BRAF V600E mutational analysis in FNAC samples of thyroid nodules can be used an effective supplementary diagnostic method at our institution. However, BRAF V600E mutation was not associated with aggressive characteristics in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Chang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Pengxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China.
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207
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Wang H, Tang J, Su Z. YAP confers resistance to vandetanib in medullary thyroid cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:443-448. [PMID: 32449862 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is the third most common thyroid cancer. RET (Rearranged in Transformation) gene mutations are considered as one of the major drivers of MTC. Vandetanib suppresses RET activity, and has shown promise in clinical trials. Unfortunately, acquired resistance to vandetanib has been observed in MTC, although the mechanism was largely unknown. We investigated the critical role of YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) on vandetanib resistance in MTC. For this, TT cells (medullary thyroid cancer cells) were treated with vandetanib for 3 months to generate a vandetanib-resistant cell line (TT-R). We investigated the role of YAP on vandetanib-resistance in TT-R cells by performing cell proliferation and colony formation assays, and examined the antitumor effects of YAP inhibitor and vandetanib in a mouse model of xenografted MTC. The TT-R cells displayed 6-fold higher IC50 to vandetanib than the TT cells. Overexpression of YAP resulted in resistance to vandetanib, whereas knockdown of YAP re-sensitized the TT-R cells to vandetanib. The YAP inhibitor synergized with vandetanib on tumor inhibition. Our results suggest that YAP plays an important role in acquired resistance to vandetanib in MTC, providing basis for combating MTC with YAP inhibitor and vandetanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2468 Central East Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2468 Central East Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
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208
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Molecular Profile of Locally Aggressive Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8031. [PMID: 32415114 PMCID: PMC7229018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic landscape of aggressive well differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTC) is lacking. Retrospective review of institutional database was performed to identify locally-invasive thyroid carcinomas and a comparison cohort of low-risk WDTC. ThyroSeq v2 next-generation sequencing was performed on available tissue. Survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared between groups via the log-rank test. Time to recurrence, treating death as a competing risk, was analyzed by cumulative incidence and compared between groups. Of 80 T4 tumors, 29 (36%) were met inclusion criteria, of which, 25 had genetic and clinicopathologic data. Most (24/25, 96%) harbored at least one genetic alteration, most commonly BRAF V600E (19, 76%), followed by mutations in the promoter region of TERT (14, 56%). Co-occurrence of BRAF and TERT was identified in 12 (48%) and associated with significantly higher risk of recurrence (p < 0.05). Conversely, co-occurrence of BRAF and TERT was present in only 5 of 102 (5%) patients presenting with early-stage WDTC. Compared to early-stage WDTC, co-occurrence of BRAF and TERT mutations are common in locally advanced (T4) thyroid cancer and are associated with an increased risk of recurrence. This knowledge may help predict aggressive behavior pretreatment and inform perioperative decision-making.
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209
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Heidari Z, Harati‐Sadegh M, Arian A, Maruei‐Milan R, Salimi S. The effect of
TP53
and
P21
gene polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility and clinical/pathological features. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:922-930. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Harati‐Sadegh
- Genetic of Non‐Communicable Disease Research CenterZahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Abtin Arian
- Department of RadiologySchool of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Rostam Maruei‐Milan
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis InstituteZahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
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210
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Negro R, Greco G. Unfavorable Outcomes in Solid and Spongiform Thyroid Nodules Treated with Laser Ablation. A 5-Year Follow-up Retrospective Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:1041-1045. [PMID: 30727932 PMCID: PMC7360902 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laser Ablation (LA) is a therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large benign thyroid nodules. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the outcome of LA in patients with benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules in a 5-years follow-up. METHODS Sixty-two patients (47 females; mean age 54.7±12 yr) with benign cold thyroid nodules underwent LA from July 2009 to March 2012. Nodule volume, thyroid function test, and ultrasound were monitored at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure, then annually. After dividing nodules in solid and spongiform, we evaluated unfavourable outcomes: 1) nodule's volume reduction <50%; 2) need for surgery; 3) need for additive LA session (due to nodule re-growth with persistence of cosmetic concern or compressive symptoms). RESULTS Baseline volume did not differ between solid and spongiform nodules as well as energy delivered and the number of needles used. Unfavourable outcomes occurred in 24 patients (38.7%). Nineteen/ 24 (79.2%) patients who experienced unfavourable outcomes belonged to the solid nodules group (P<0.01). When considering only those who benefited from LA, the 5-years reduction was 59.7% for solid and 78.6% for spongiform nodules (P<0.05). One/6 patients who underwent surgery (solid nodules group) had a final diagnosis of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (FVPTC). CONCLUSION Large solid nodules, unlike spongiform, submitted to LA are characterized by a long-term unfavourable outcome and entail a potential risk of false negative cytologic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Negro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Piazza F. Muratore, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Piazza F. Muratore, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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211
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Downregulation of SMOC2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4853. [PMID: 32184420 PMCID: PMC7078233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium-binding protein-2 (SMOC2), a secreted matricellular protein, is reported to be involved in various processes related to cancer progression such as regulating the cell cycle, angiogenesis, and invasion. However, its expression and prognostic significance in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression profile of SMOC2 and its prognostic value in a large cohort of PTCs. Real time-PCR analysis with fresh-frozen tissues showed that SMOC2 mRNA expression in PTCs was substantially lower than the expression in matched non-cancerous thyroid tissues, consistent with the results from thyroid cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SMOC2 was normally present in thyroid follicular epithelial cells and the expression level was maintained in nodular hyperplasia. However, SMOC2 expression was significantly lower in lymphocytic thyroiditis and follicular tumors including follicular adenomas and carcinomas. In particular, 38% of PTCs exhibited a complete loss of SMOC2 expression, which was associated with the presence of BRAF (V600E) mutation. Moreover, SMOC2 further declined during lymph node metastasis in PTCs. DNA methylation chip analysis revealed one hypermethylated CpG site in the promoter region of SMOC2 gene, suggesting an epigenetic regulation of SMOC2 in PTCs. Remarkably SMOC2 positivity was associated with improved recurrence-free survival along with female sex, tumor size, and the N stage. However, SMOC2 was not identified as an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analyses. Taken together, SMOC2 expression is significantly down-regulated in PTCs and SMOC2 positivity is closely associated with better clinical outcomes, suggesting that SMOC2 can be a prognostic marker in PTC patients.
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212
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Lettini G, Pietrafesa M, Lepore S, Maddalena F, Crispo F, Sgambato A, Esposito F, Landriscina M. Heat shock proteins in thyroid malignancies: Potential therapeutic targets for poorly-differentiated and anaplastic tumours? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110676. [PMID: 31812782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with well-differentiated subtypes characterized by an excellent prognosis due to their optimal sensitivity to standard therapies whereas poorly differentiated and anaplastic tumours by chemo/radio-resistance and unfavourable outcome. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones overexpressed in thyroid malignancies and involved in crucial functions responsible for thyroid carcinogenesis, as protection from apoptosis, drug resistance and cell migration. Thus, HSPs inhibitors have been proposed as novel therapeutic agents in thyroid cancer to revert molecular mechanisms of tumour progression. In this review, we report an overview on the biological role of HSPs, and specifically HSP90s, in thyroid cancer and their potential involvement as biomarkers. We discuss the rationale to evaluate HSPs inhibitors as innovative anticancer agents in specific subtypes of thyroid cancer characterized by poor response to therapies with the objective to target single family chaperones to reduce, simultaneously, the expression/stability of multiple client proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lettini
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Fabiana Crispo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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213
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Kim SM, Kim SY, Park CS, Chang HS, Park KC. Impact of Age-Related Genetic Differences on the Therapeutic Outcome of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020448. [PMID: 32075109 PMCID: PMC7072359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been increasing worldwide. PTC is the most common type of differentiated thyroid cancer and usually shows good prognosis. However, some PTC is driven to advanced stage by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated drug resistance, which is particularly noticeable in pediatric patients. There are limited options for systemic treatment, necessitating development of new clinical approaches. Here, we aimed to clarify genetic differences due to age of patients with PTC, and thereby aid in developing novel therapeutics. Patients with biochemically and histologically confirmed PTC were included in this study. PTC cells were acquired from young and older patients showing drug resistance, and were compared via microarray analysis. Cellular proliferation and other properties were determined after treatments with lenvatinib and sorafenib. In vivo, tumor volume and other properties were examined using a mouse xenograft model. Lenvatinib-treated group showed obvious suppression of markers of anti-apoptosis, EMT, and the FGFR signaling pathway, compared with control and Sorafenib-treated group. In the xenograft models, lenvatinib treatment induced significant tumor shrinkage and blocked the proto-oncogene Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2) and FGFR signaling pathway, along with reduced levels of EMT markers, compared with control and Sorafenib-treated group. Our findings clarify the age-dependent characteristics of pediatric PTC, giving insights into the relationship between young age and poor prognosis. Furthermore, it provides a basis for developing novel therapeutics tailored to the age at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Mo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.Y.K.); (C.S.P.); (H.-S.C.)
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.Y.K.); (C.S.P.); (H.-S.C.)
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.Y.K.); (C.S.P.); (H.-S.C.)
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.Y.K.); (C.S.P.); (H.-S.C.)
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Ki Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-2861; Fax: +82-2-362-8647
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214
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Ruan B, Liu W, Chen P, Cui R, Li Y, Ji M, Hou P, Yang Q. NVP-BEZ235 inhibits thyroid cancer growth by p53- dependent/independent p21 upregulation. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:682-693. [PMID: 32025215 PMCID: PMC6990918 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.37592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NVP-BEZ235 is a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, currently in phase 1/2 clinical trials, exhibiting clinical efficiency in treatment of numerous malignancies including thyroid cancer. Cancer cells harboring mutant p53 was widely reported to be blunt to pharmaceutical therapies. However, whether this genotype dependent effect also presents in thyroid cancer when treated with NVP-BEZ235 remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the tumor suppressing effects of NVP-BEZ235 in thyroid cancer cell lines and in-vivo xenograft mouse model harboring different p53 status were examined. The antitumor effects were confirmed in p53 mutant thyroid cancer cells, though less prominent than p53 wild type cells. And for the p53 mutant cells, p53-independent upregulation of p21 plays a critical role in their response to NVP-BEZ235. Moreover, GSK3β/β-catenin signaling inhibition was implicated in the p21-mediated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in both p53 wild type and mutant thyroid cancer cells treated with NVP-BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banjun Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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215
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Khatami F, Larijani B, Heshmat R, Nasiri S, Haddadi-Aghdam M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Tavangar SM. Hypermethylated RASSF1 and SLC5A8 promoters alongside BRAF V600E mutation as biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6954-6968. [PMID: 32017063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been considered as a diagnostic source to track genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer. We aimed to study mutation in addition to the methylation status in the promoter regions of RASSF1 and SLC5A8 genes in tissues and circulating free DNA samples of patients affected with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid nodules as controls. BRAFV600E mutation was studied by ARMS-scorpion real-time polymerase chain reaction method in 57 PTC and 45 thyroid nodule cases. Methylation status of RASSF1 and SLC5A8 promoter regions was analyzed by methylation-specific high-resolution melting curve analysis. BRAFV600E mutation was found in 39 (68.4%) out of 57 PTC tissue samples, while in 33 (49.1%) cases of cfDNA, this mutation was detected. The frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in cfDNA was significantly different between metastatic and nonmetastatic PTC cases (22 of 33 PTC cases vs. 5 of 34 thyroid nodule samples). Methylation levels of three promoter regions of SLC5A8 and proximal promoter region of RASSF1 was significantly different between PTC and thyroid nodule cases in both cfDNA and tissue DNA. In addition, the methylation status of these two genes in tissue DNA was reflected in methylation status observed in cfDNA. This study confirmed that BRAFV600E mutation is better for discrimination between papillary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid nodules. On the other hand, hypermethylation in the more proximal promoter regions to RASSF1 and SLC5A8 genes showed higher sensitivity and more acceptable specificity for this discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Nasiri
- Departments of Surgery, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haddadi-Aghdam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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216
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Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Loffredo S, Varricchi G, Braile M, Ferrara AL, de Paulis A, Antonelli A, Marone G, Galdiero MR. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Induce the Release of Mitochondrial Extracellular DNA Traps by Viable Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1362-1372. [PMID: 31959732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells that orchestrate inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. Although neutrophil extracellular DNA traps (NETs) entrap and kill pathogens, they also contribute to chronic inflammation and cancer progression. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most frequently occurring cancer of the endocrine system, accounting for 70% of deaths due to endocrine tumors. Although anaplastic TC (ATC) is rare among TCs, it is highly lethal. We demonstrated in a recent study that tumor-infiltrating neutrophil density correlated with TC size. Moreover, TC-derived soluble mediators modulate the human neutrophil phenotype. Our study aimed to investigate the involvement of NETs in human TC. Highly purified neutrophils from healthy donors were primed in vitro with a papillary TC or ATC cell line conditioned medium (CM) or with a normal thyroid CM as control. NET release was quantified using a High-Content Imaging System. Neutrophil viability was assessed by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and PCR were performed to determine the mitochondrial origin of ATC-induced NETs. ATC CM-primed neutrophils were cocultured with ATC cells to determine the effects exerted by NETs on cell proliferation. ATC CM induce NET release, whereas papillary TC or normal thyroid CM did not. ATC CM-induced NET production occurred in a reactive oxygen species-dependent and cell death-independent manner and was associated with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production; the NETs contained mitochondrial DNA. ATC CM-primed neutrophils promoted ATC cell proliferation in a NET-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore," National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore," National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Mariantonia Braile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore," National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; .,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore," National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
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217
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Pellecchia S, Sepe R, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Ivan C, Shimizu M, Coppola C, Testa D, Calin GA, Fusco A, Pallante P. The Long Non-Coding RNA Prader Willi/Angelman Region RNA5 ( PAR5) Is Downregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas Where It Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing EZH2 Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010235. [PMID: 31963578 PMCID: PMC7017000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents one the most aggressive neoplasias in humans, and, nowadays, limited advances have been made to extend the survival and reduce the mortality of ATC. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanism underlying its progression is needed. Here, we evaluated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of nine ATC in comparison with five normal thyroid tissues by a lncRNA microarray. By this analysis, we identified 19 upregulated and 28 downregulated lncRNAs with a fold change >1.1 or <−1.1 and p-value < 0.05, in ATC samples. Some of them were subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. Then, we investigated the role of the lncRNA Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA5 (PAR5), drastically and specifically downregulated in ATC. The restoration of PAR5 reduces proliferation and migration rates of ATC-derived cell lines indicating that its downregulation contributes to thyroid cancer progression. Our results suggest that PAR5 exerts its anti-oncogenic role by impairing Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) oncogenic activity since we demonstrated that PAR5 interacts with it in thyroid cancer cell lines, reducing EZH2 protein levels and its binding on the E-cadherin promoter, relieving E-cadherin from the negative regulation by EZH2. Consistently, EZH2 is overexpressed in ATC, but not in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The results reported here define a tumor suppressor role for PAR5 in undifferentiated thyroid neoplasias, further highlighting the pivotal role of lncRNAs in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pellecchia
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Sepe
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre de Biologie Sud, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Universite Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France;
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carmela Coppola
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Domenico Testa
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (P.P.)
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218
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Melo-Hanchuk TD, Martins MB, Cunha LL, Soares FA, Ward LS, Vassallo J, Kobarg J. Expression of the NEK family in normal and cancer tissue: an immunohistochemical study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 31906878 PMCID: PMC6945616 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NEK serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. Alterations in these pathways are frequently associated with cell malignant cellular transformations. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the endocrine system. Despite good treatment methods, the number of cases has increased significantly in recent years. Here, we studied the expression of NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, and NEK5 in different types of normal and malignant tissues, using tissue microarray analysis, and identified NEKs as potential markers in thyroid malignancy. METHODS The studied cases comprised multiple cancer tissue microarrays, including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, lung, pancreas, prostate, stomach, thyroid and uterine cervix, as well as 281 patients who underwent thyroid resection for thyroid cancer or thyroid nodules. The expression of NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, and NEK5 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern was evaluated in terms of intensity by two methods, semiquantitative and quantitative, and was compared between normal and cancer tissue. RESULTS We analysed the expression of each member of the NEK family in a tissue-dependent manner. Compared to normal tissue, most of the evaluated proteins showed lower expression in lung tumour. However, in the thyroid, the expression was higher in malignant tissue, especially for NEK 1, NEK3 and NEK5. Concerning characteristics of the thyroid tumour, such as aggressiveness, NEK1 expression was higher in tumours with multifocality and in patients with lymph node metastasis. NEK3 expression was stronger in patients with stage II, that involved metastasis. NEK5, on the other hand, showed high expression in patients with invasion and metastasis and in patients with tumour size > 4 cm. Furthermore, this work, demonstrated for the first time a high specificity and sensitivity of over-expression of NEK1 in classical and follicular variants of papillary thyroid cancer and NEK3 in tall-cell papillary thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION Taken together, the NEK protein kinases emerge as important proteins in thyroid cancer development and may help to identify malignancy and aggressiveness features during diagnosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered. www.accamargo.org.br/cientistas-pesquisadores/comite-de-etica-em-pequisa-cep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Diniz Melo-Hanchuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jörg Kobarg
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-UNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Inst. de Biologia, Dep. Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas-SP, Brazil.
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219
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Wu CY, Zheng C, Xia EJ, Quan RD, Hu J, Zhang XH, Hao RT. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 (LPAR5) Plays a Significance Role in Papillary Thyroid Cancer via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919820. [PMID: 31902939 PMCID: PMC6977615 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy. Scientists have done considerable research into the molecular mechanisms involved, but many mechanisms remain undiscovered. Material/Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole-transcriptome resequencing derived from thyroid tissues and paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and showed that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5) is strongly overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma. Then, we used TPC-1 and KTC-1 to explore the effect of LPAR5 knockdown on colony formation, migration, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of PTC cell line cells. AKT activator was used for the recovery test. Finally, we designed proteomic experiments to explore the role of LPAR5 in the AKT pathway and the EMT process. Results Cell function experiments showed that LPAR5 knockdown can significantly induce apoptosis of KTC-1 and TPC-1 cells. Furthermore, LPAR5 can promote PTC metastasis and tumorigenesis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and decreasing its cancer-promoting effect when using AKT agonist. We also found that LPAR5 can regulate the expression of EMT-related proteins, which affect invasion and migration. Conclusions In summary, downregulation of LPAR5 expression can inhibit the physiological process of PTC, and this phenomenon is related to the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Er-Jie Xia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Da Quan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ru-Tian Hao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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220
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Minna E, Brich S, Todoerti K, Pilotti S, Collini P, Bonaldi E, Romeo P, De Cecco L, Dugo M, Perrone F, Busico A, Vingiani A, Bersani I, Anichini A, Mortarini R, Neri A, Pruneri G, Greco A, Borrello MG. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts and Senescent Thyroid Cells in the Invasive Front of Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010112. [PMID: 31906302 PMCID: PMC7016563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) comprises several histotypes with different aggressiveness, from well (papillary carcinoma, PTC) to less differentiated forms (poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, PDTC and ATC, respectively). Previous reports have suggested a functional role for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or senescent TC cells in the progression of PTC. In this study, we investigated the presence of CAFs and senescent cells in proprietary human TCs including PTC, PDTC, and ATC. Screening for the driving lesions BRAFV600E and N/H/KRAS mutations, and gene fusions was also performed to correlate results with tumor genotype. In samples with unidentified drivers, transcriptomic profiles were used to establish a BRAF- or RAS-like molecular subtype based on a gene signature derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By using immunohistochemistry, we found co-occurrence of stromal CAFs and senescent TC cells at the tumor invasive front, where deposition of collagen (COL1A1) and expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme were also detected, in association with features of local invasion. Concurrent high expression of CAFs and of the senescent TC cells markers, COL1A1 and LOX was confirmed in different TC histotypes in proprietary and public gene sets derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository, and especially in BRAF mutated or BRAF-like tumors. In this study, we show that CAFs and senescent TC cells co-occur in various histotypes of BRAF-driven thyroid tumors and localize at the tumor invasive front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Minna
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +39-02-2390-3223 (M.G.B.)
| | - Silvia Brich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Collini
- Soft Tissue and Bone Pathology, Histopathology and Pediatric Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonaldi
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Romeo
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Busico
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bersani
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Borrello
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +39-02-2390-3223 (M.G.B.)
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Madsen MB, Kiss K, Cilius Nielsen F, Bennedbæk FN, Rossing M. Amplicon-Based NGS Panels for Actionable Cancer Target Identification in Follicular Cell-Derived Thyroid Neoplasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:146. [PMID: 32265839 PMCID: PMC7105679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancers are heterogenous and morphological classification is a complex and highly specialized task. Hence, identification of somatic alterations could provide insights to tumor biology and serve as an add-on diagnostic tool. Furthermore, results from these add-on tools could point in the direction of a more personalized treatment strategy. In the present study we set out to identify and validate the somatic mutation profile in a sample-set of follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasia. One-hundred-and-one archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from patients diagnosed with follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasia were included, and upon DNA-extraction and qualitative measurements 99 samples were eligible for amplicon-based next-generation-sequencing. Libraries were generated using the TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel, followed by sequencing using a MiSeq. Upon data processing and variant filtering all variants were manually assessed to exclude false positive mutations in the final curated list. Moreover, hot-spot mutations were validated using an independent platform from Agilent. Each diagnostic group were correlated to mutation burden and individual mutations were classified according to recent guidelines for somatic mutation classification. Close to 100% of the archived FFPE samples were eligible for DNA-library preparation and amplicon sequencing based on DNA quality criterion. The distribution of mutations in the specific diagnostic groups resulted in a higher mutation frequency among the most dedifferentiated than in the groups with a more differentiated cell profile. Based on the distribution mutations across the samples and using hierarchical clustering, we generated four tentative mutational signatures; highly mutated tumors; tumors with mainly NRAS and TP53 mutations; BRAF mutated tumors and tumors with none or single sporadic mutations. Future studies including more samples and follow-up data may amend these signatures, however our results imply that morphological classification of follicular cell derived thyroid neoplasia could be supplemented with a somatic mutational signature. Taken together, broad screening of the somatic alterations in FFPE tissue of thyroid neoplasia is comprehensible and essential for future identification of possible treatment targets and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Noe Bennedbæk
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Maria Rossing
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222
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Niu Y, Ding Z, Deng X, Guo B, Kang J, Wu B, Fan Y. A Novel Multimodal Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: 125 I Seed Implantation Plus Apatinib After Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32390940 PMCID: PMC7188788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is known to be the most lethal malignancy among endocrine tumors for its extremely limited survival rate after diagnosis. As a result of this poor survival prognosis, multimodal therapy is currently under investigation to address this global concern. In this reported case, the 125I seed implantation and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor apatinib were co-applied to treat a 49-year-old woman with anaplastic thyroid cancer. After the patient began apatinib administration and underwent 125I seed implantation twice, the tumor size shrank successfully. After a follow-up of 13 months since the initial diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer, the patient survived with a stable disease pathology. In conclusion, this study supports 125I seed implantation and apatinib as effective therapeutic alternatives for inoperable anaplastic thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Niu
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhao Deng
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youben Fan
- Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Youben Fan
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223
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Luo X, Wang R, Lv C, Chen G, You J, Yu F. Detection of Selenocysteine with a Ratiometric near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe in Cells and in Mice Thyroid Diseases Model. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1589-1597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Clinical Medicine, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Clinical Medicine, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Clinical Medicine, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Guang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Clinical Medicine, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Mao Y, Su T, Zhong Y, Wang S, Zhai R, Cheng J, Fang X, Zhu J, Yang H. Comparative Glycoproteomic Profiling of Human Body Fluid between Healthy Controls and Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:2539-2552. [PMID: 31800250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yonghong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Thoracic Surgery Research Labouratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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225
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Wang Y, Hardin H, Chu YH, Esbona K, Zhang R, Lloyd RV. Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:262-269. [PMID: 31468286 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-09589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcription and in epigenetic or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They also have roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in carcinogenesis. Because lncRNAs may also have a role in thyroid cancer progression, we examined a group of thyroid tumors which included papillary thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas to determine the specific lncRNAs that were upregulated during thyroid tumor progression. An RT2 Profiler PCR Array Human Cancer Pathway Finder consisting of 84 lncRNAs (Qiagen) and fresh tissues of normal thyroid, PTCs, and ATCs with gene expression profiling was used to determine genes upregulated and downregulated in ATCs. Two of the most highly upregulated genes, prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1 or HAM-1), were selected for further studies using a thyroid tissue microarray(TMA) with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of normal thyroid (NT, n = 10), nodular goiters (NG, n = 10), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 32), follicular carcinoma (FCA, n = 28), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 28), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC, n = 28), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n = 10). TMA sections were analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) using RNAscope technology. The results of ISH analyses were imaged with Vectra imaging technology and quantified with Nuance® and inForm® software. The TMA analysis was validated by qRT-PCR using FFPE tissues for RNA preparation. Cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines (n = 7) were also used to analyze for lncRNAs by qRT-PCR. The results showed 11 lncRNAs upregulated and 7 downregulated lncRNAs more than twofold in the ATCS compared with PTCs. Two of the upregulated lncRNAs, PCA3 and HAM-1, were analyzed on a thyroid carcinoma TMA. There was increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs and PTCs compared with NT after TMA analysis. qRT-PCR analyses showed increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs compared with NT and PTCs. Analyses of these lncRNAs from cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines by qRT-PCR showed the highest levels of lncRNA expression in ATCs. TGF-β treatment of cultured PTC and ATC cells for 21 days led to increased expression of PCA3 lncRNA in both cell lines by day 14. These results show that the lncRNAs PCA3 and HAM-1 are upregulated during thyroid tumor development and progression and may function as oncogenes during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ying-Hsia Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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226
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Khosroshahi NS, Pouladi N, Shavali M, Ghafouri F, Abdolahi S, Hossinpour Feizi MA. Association of –634 G > C VEGF-A polymorphism in thyroid cancer patients in North West of Iran. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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227
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Zhai T, Muhanhali D, Jia X, Wu Z, Cai Z, Ling Y. Identification of gene co-expression modules and hub genes associated with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2019; 66:573-584. [PMID: 31332712 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent histological type among thyroid cancers, and some patients are at a high risk for recurrent disease or even death. Identification for the potential biomarkers of PTC may contribute to early discovery of recurrence and treatment. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we obtained the information of RNA sequence data and clinical characteristics of PTC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to construct gene co-expression networks and investigate the relationship between modules and clinical traits. Finally, we constructed 16 co-expression modules in 10,428 genes, and three key modules (darkturquoise, lightyellow, and red) associated with tumor N grade were identified. The results of functional annotation indicated that the darkturquoise module was primarily enriched in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen metabolism, and cell adhesion, the lightyellow module was primarily enriched in the mitochondrial function regulation and energy synthesis, and the red module was primarily enriched in the process of cell junction, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, suggesting their significant role in the progression of PTC. In addition, the hub genes in the three modules were identified and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Relapse-free survival analyses found that 11 genes (KCNQ3, MET, FN1, ITGA3, RUNX1, ITGA2, PERP, GCSH, FAAH, NGFRAP1, and HSPA5) may play a pivotal role in PTC relapse. In general, our research revealed the key co-expression modules and identified several prognostic biomarkers, which provides some new insights into the lymph node metastasis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Dilidaer Muhanhali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508 Longhang Road, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, 350108, FuZhou, China
| | - Zhenqin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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228
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Botezatu A, Iancu IV, Plesa A, Manda D, Popa O, Bostan M, Mihaila M, Albulescu A, Fudulu A, Vladoiu SV, Huica I, Dobrescu R, Anton G, Badiu C. Methylation of tumour suppressor genes associated with thyroid cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:53-65. [PMID: 31006665 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Changes in DNA methylation can cause silencing of normally active genes, especially tumour suppressor genes (TSG) or activation of normally silent genes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of promoter methylation for a panel of markers for thyroid neoplasms and to establish their relationship with thyroid oncogenesis. METHODS To generate a comprehensive DNA methylation signature of TSGs involved in thyroid neoplasia, we use Human TSG EpiTect Methyl II Signature PCR Array-Qiagen for 24 samples (follicular adenomas and papillary thyroid carcinomas) compared with normal thyroid tissue. We extended the evaluation for three TSGs (TP73, WIF1, PDLIM4) using qMS-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism. RESULTS We noted four important genes NEUROG1, ESR1, RUNX3, MLH1, which presented methylated promoter in tumour samples compared to normal. We found new characteristic of thyroid tumours: methylation of TP73, WIF1 and PDLIM4 TSGs, which can contribute to thyroid neoplasia. A significant correlation between BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangements with TIMP3 and CDH13, RARB methylation, respectively was observed. CONCLUSIONS TSGs promoter hypermethylation is a hallmark of cancer and a test that uses methylation quantification method is suitable for diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Botezatu
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia V Iancu
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Plesa
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Manda
- 'CI Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Popa
- 'CI Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marinela Bostan
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Mihaila
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute for Chemical pharmaceutical Research and Development, Calea Vitan, Romania
| | - Alina Fudulu
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Susana V Vladoiu
- 'CI Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Huica
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Dobrescu
- 'CI Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Anton
- 'Stefan S. Nicolau' Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- 'CI Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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229
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Coexisting Germline CHEK2 and Somatic BRAFV600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathological Features and Disease Course. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111744. [PMID: 31703344 PMCID: PMC6896084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E is the most common somatic mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the majority of evidence indicates that it is associated with an aggressive clinical course. Germline mutations of the CHEK2 gene impair the DNA damage repair process and increase the risk of PTC. Coexistence of both mutations is expected to be associated with poorer clinical course. We evaluated the prevalence of concomitant CHEK2 and BRAFV600E mutations and their associations with clinicopathological features, treatment response, and disease course in PTC patients. The study included 427 unselected PTC patients (377 women and 50 men) from one center. Relationships among clinicopathological features, mutation status, treatment response, and disease outcomes were assessed. Mean follow-up was 10 years. CHEK2 mutations were detected in 15.2% and BRAFV600E mutations in 64.2% patients. Neither mutation was present in 31.4% cases and both BRAFV600E and CHEK2 mutations coexisted in 10.8% patients. No significant differences in clinicopathological features, initial risk, treatment response, or disease outcome were detected among these patient groups. CHEK2 mutations were significantly associated with older age, while BRAFV600E was significantly associated with older age and extrathyroidal extension. The coexistence of both mutations was not associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of PTC, poorer treatment response, or disease outcome.
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230
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Takano T. Overdiagnosis of Juvenile Thyroid Cancer: Time to Consider Self-Limiting Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2019; 9:286-288. [PMID: 31657663 PMCID: PMC7187964 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takano
- Thyroid Center, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yusof AM, Jamal R, Saidin S, Muhammad R, Suhaimi SNA, Rose IM, Nazarie WFW, Fu FTY, Mutalib NSA. Deep Small RNA Sequencing of BRAF V600E Mutated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lymph Node Metastasis. Front Genet 2019; 10:941. [PMID: 31649724 PMCID: PMC6791926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azliana Mohamad Yusof
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Pantai Premier Pathology Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazuita Saidin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaizak Muhammad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Isa Mohamed Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fahmi Wan Nazarie
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Francis Tieng Yew Fu
- Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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232
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Seo JY, Park JH, Pyo JY, Cha YJ, Jung CK, Song DE, Kwak JJ, Park SY, Na HY, Kim JH, Seok JY, Kim HS, Hong SW. A Multi-institutional Study of Prevalence and Clinicopathologic Features of Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) in Korea. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:378-385. [PMID: 31634988 PMCID: PMC6877441 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present multi-institutional study, the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were evaluated among Korean patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods Data from 18,819 patients with PTC from eight university hospitals between January 2012 and February 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathology reports of all PTCs and slides of potential NIFTP cases were reviewed. The strict criterion of no papillae was applied for the diagnosis of NIFTP. Due to assumptions regarding misclassification of NIFTP as non-PTC tumors, the lower boundary of NIFTP prevalence among PTCs was estimated. Mutational analysis for BRAF and three RAS isoforms was performed in 27 randomly selected NIFTP cases. Results The prevalence of NIFTP was 1.3% (238/18,819) of all PTCs when the same histologic criteria were applied for NIFTP regardless of the tumor size but decreased to 0.8% (152/18,819) when tumors ≥1 cm in size were included. The mean follow-up was 37.7 months and no patient with NIFTP had evidence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or disease recurrence during the follow-up period. A difference in prevalence of NIFTP before and after NIFTP introduction was not observed. BRAFV600E mutation was not found in NIFTP. The mutation rate for the three RAS genes was 55.6% (15/27). Conclusions The low prevalence and indolent clinical outcome of NIFTP in Korea was confirmed using the largest number of cases to date. The introduction of NIFTP may have a small overall impact in Korean practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeong Seo
- Department of Pathology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ja Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Seok
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Won Hong
- Department of Pathology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Aashiq M, Silverman DA, Na'ara S, Takahashi H, Amit M. Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Basis of Redifferentiation Therapies, Management, and Novel Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1382. [PMID: 31533238 PMCID: PMC6770909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent, metastatic disease represents the most frequent cause of death for patients with thyroid cancer, and radioactive iodine (RAI) remains a mainstay of therapy for these patients. Unfortunately, many thyroid cancer patients have tumors that no longer trap iodine, and hence are refractory to RAI, heralding a poor prognosis. RAI-refractory (RAI-R) cancer cells result from the loss of thyroid differentiation features, such as iodide uptake and organification. This loss of differentiation features correlates with the degree of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which is higher in tumors with BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene) mutations than in those with RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) or RAS (rat sarcoma) mutations. Hence, inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 and -2 (MEK-1 and -2) downstream of RAF (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) could sensitize RAI refractivity in thyroid cancer. However, a significant hurdle is the development of secondary tumor resistance (escape mechanisms) to these drugs through upregulation of tyrosine kinase receptors or another alternative signaling pathway. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein, a member of solute carrier family 5A (SLC5A5), located on the basolateral surfaces of the thyroid follicular epithelial cells, which mediates active iodide transport into thyroid follicular cells. The mechanisms responsible for NIS loss of function in RAI-R thyroid cancer remains unclear. In a study of patients with recurrent thyroid cancer, expression levels of specific ribosomal machinery-namely PIGU (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U), a subunit of the GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase complex-correlated with RAI avidity in radioiodine scanning, NIS levels, and biochemical response to RAI treatment. Here, we review the proposed mechanisms for RAI refractivity and the management of RAI-refractive metastatic, recurrent thyroid cancer. We also describe novel targeted systemic agents that are in use or under investigation for RAI-refractory disease, their mechanisms of action, and their adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aashiq
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Deborah A Silverman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shorook Na'ara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and the Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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235
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Wang J, Xiao T, Zhao M. MicroRNA-675 directly targets MAPK1 to suppress the oncogenicity of papillary thyroid cancer and is sponged by long non-coding RNA RMRP. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7307-7321. [PMID: 31564913 PMCID: PMC6735657 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-675-5p (miR-675-5p) is dysregulated in multiple human cancers, but its involvement in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains to be investigated. This study aimed to examine the expression pattern of miR-675 in PTC, determine the effects of miR-675 on regulating the progression of PTC, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The expression profile of miR-675 in PTC tissues and cell lines was determined using RT-qPCR. CCK-8, transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft tumors in nude mice were employed to analyze proliferation, in vitro migration and invasion, and in vivo tumor growth of PTC cells, respectively. The putative target of miR-675 was predicted using bioinformatic algorithms and was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Results miR-675 expression was decreased in PTC tissues and cell lines. A low level of miR-675 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage in PTC patients. Ectopic miR-675 expression suppressed PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and hindered tumor growth in vivo. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was found to be the direct target gene of miR-675 in PTC cells. MAPK1 reintroduction negated the tumor-suppressing effect of miR-675 overexpression in PTC cells. Furthermore, the lncRNA mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) functioned as a ceRNA of miR-675 in PTC cells. Silencing RMRP expression inhibited the growth and metastasis of PTC cells by sponging miR-675 and regulating MAPK1. Conclusion These findings revealed that miR-675 directly targets MAPK1 and is sponged by lncRNA RMRP to inhibit the oncogenicity of PTC, suggesting the RMRP-miR-675-MAPK1 pathway is an effective target for the treatment of PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Research Center, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Research Center, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Research Center, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancers: Overview of Molecular Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091290. [PMID: 31480712 PMCID: PMC6770066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous amounts of childhood thyroid cancers, mostly childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have revealed a mutual relationship between the radiation exposure and thyroid cancer development. While the internal exposure to radioactive 131I is involved in the childhood thyroid cancers after the Chernobyl accident, people exposed to the external radiation, such as atomic-bomb (A-bomb) survivors, and the patients who received radiation therapy, have also been epidemiologically demonstrated to develop thyroid cancers. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis, studies have aimed at defining the molecular changes associated with the thyroid cancer development. Here, we overview the literatures towards the identification of oncogenic alterations, particularly gene rearrangements, and discuss the existence of radiation signatures associated with radiation-induced thyroid cancers.
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237
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Borrelli N, Panebianco F, Condello V, Barletta JA, Kaya C, Yip L, Nikiforova MN, Nikiforov YE. Characterization of Activating Mutations of the MEK1 Gene in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. Thyroid 2019; 29:1279-1285. [PMID: 31407636 PMCID: PMC6913803 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Genetic alterations activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, most commonly BRAF and RAS mutations, are common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Somatic mutations of the MEK gene, also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1), coding for a signaling protein downstream of BRAF, have been found in several cancer types. The goal of this study was to investigate if functional MEK1 mutations occur in thyroid cancer (TC). Methods: We analyzed MEK1 mutation status in a series of 101 PTCs lacking other known driver mutations using Sanger sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing. In addition, 64 follicular and Hürthle cell carcinomas and 32 follicular adenomas were studied. The occurrence of MEK1 mutations was evaluated using another series of thyroid tumors studied by targeted next-generation sequencing. Western blot and RNA-seq analyses were performed on selected tumors. Results: We detected MEK1 mutations in 2/101 (2%) PTCs that otherwise had no known genetic alterations, in 0/64 follicular and Hürthle cell carcinomas, and in 0/32 follicular adenomas. Two positive tumors carried the same in-frame deletion p.L98_I103del; K104I (c.292_309del18; c.311A>T) located in exon 3 of the gene. One additional MEK1 mutation was identified following routine molecular tumor profiling. The tumor had an in-frame deletion p.I99_K104del (c.294_311del18) also located in exon 3. Western blot analysis of one of the tumors showed activation of the MAPK pathway. Using RNA-seq analysis to evaluate changes in gene expression, these tumors were RAS-like and showed a high thyroid differentiation score. Phenotypically, the MEK1-positive PTCs were all encapsulated and had a predominantly or exclusively follicular architecture, being diagnosed as a classic papillary type with a significant follicular pattern ( × 2) or follicular variant PTC ( × 1). Follow-up was available for 2 patients, with no evidence of disease found 2 and 10 years postsurgery. Conclusions: In this study, we report the occurrence of functional MEK1 mutations in PTC. All mutations are in-frame deletions in exon 3 of MEK1, representing another mechanism of activation of the MAPK pathway in papillary carcinomas with a predominantly follicular growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Borrelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Federica Panebianco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vincenzo Condello
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Linwah Yip
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina N. Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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238
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Semiquantitative assessment of cytomorphologic features can predict mutation status of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytologic diagnosis. Hum Pathol 2019; 93:81-89. [PMID: 31437520 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics increasingly direct the management of thyroid nodules with an indeterminate cytologic diagnosis. This study was undertaken to correlate cytomorphologic features with the molecular profiles in an effort to identify features predictive of molecular aberrations. One hundred eighty-nine thyroid nodules with an indeterminate thyroid cytology diagnosis (atypia of undetermined significance, suspicious for follicular lesion, and suspicious for malignancy) with an adequate sample submitted for targeted mutation detection by polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing were assessed semiquantitatively for the following cytomorphologic parameters: cellularity, Hurthle cell changes, microfollicles, nuclear elongation, nuclear grooves, nuclear enlargement, nuclear atypia, extent of atypia, and colloid. Based on this evaluation, a cumulative cytomorphologic score (CCS) and a more simplified overall atypia score (OAS) were assigned to each case. Associations among mutational status and each of the aforementioned parameters, CCS, and OAS were determined. Of the 189 nodules with indeterminate cytology, 63 (33.3%) harbored at least 1 mutation. RAS and BRAF were the most common mutations, found in 34 (18.0%) and 13 (6.9%) cases, respectively. Both CCS and OAS were highly associated with the presence of all mutations (P < .0001) and with the presence of BRAF and RAS mutations in particular (all P < .01). Semiquantitative assessment of various cytomorphologic features in indeterminate thyroid cytology cases showed a strong association of higher OAS and CCS and incidence of BRAF and RAS mutations. Using a more objective approach to thyroid cytology can potentially decrease the overall number of indeterminate diagnoses, leading to fewer repeat procedures and unnecessary surgical procedures.
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239
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Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Picture of the Last Two Decades at a Single Oncology Referral Centre and Novel Therapeutic Options. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081188. [PMID: 31443283 PMCID: PMC6721627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare tumour but also one of the most lethal malignancies. Therapeutic modalities have usually been limited, but clinical trials with new drugs are now being implemented. The aims of this study were to analyse the clinical presentation, therapeutic modalities and independent prognostic factors for survival. We also reviewed the most recent literature on novel ATC therapies. We performed a retrospective analysis of 79 patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2018. Variables with impact on survival were identified using the Cox proportional-hazard regression model. At presentation, 6.3% had thyroid-confined disease, 30.4% evidenced extrathyroidal extension and 60.8% were already metastatic. Surgery was feasible in 41.8% and radiotherapy was applied to 35.4%, with those receiving >45 Gy having longer estimated survival (p = 0.020). Chemotherapy, either conventional or with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, was performed in 17.7% and 7.6%, respectively. Multimodality therapy with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) had the greatest impact on disease specific survival (DSS), providing a risk reduction of death of 96.9% (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.031, 0.005–0.210, p < 0.001). We concluded that most of these patients join reference centres at advanced stages of disease and multimodality treatment may offer the best chances for prolonging survival.
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240
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Malik N, Nikitski AV, Klam E, Hunt J, Witt B, Chadwick B, Nikiforov YE, Abraham D. MOLECULAR PROFILE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH BONE METASTASIS. Endocr Pract 2019; 25:1255-1262. [PMID: 31412230 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Differentiated thyroid cancer patients uncommonly present with bone metastasis as the initial manifestation. Their molecular profile is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathology, molecular profiles, and response to radioactive iodine therapy in these patients. Methods: Eight patients presented with symptomatic bone metastasis from an unknown primary tumor. We identified these patients by performing a retrospective chart review. Pathology slides were reviewed and the molecular analysis of 112 thyroid cancer-related genes was performed on bone metastasis specimens using targeted next-generation sequencing. Results: These patients presented with long bone fractures, spinal cord compression, or intractable bone pain. Histopathologic analysis of the bone and thyroid tumor specimens revealed follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 7 patients and tall cell variant papillary carcinoma in 1 patient. Primary tumor size ranged from 0.4 to 7.5 cm. All patients received high dose radioiodine therapy following thyroidectomy. Molecular analysis revealed telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutations in 7 (88%) tumors, 4 (50%) contained co-occurring TERT and RAS GTPase gene (RAS) mutations, 2 had isolated TERT mutations, and 1 had TERT and proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF) V600E mutations, respectively. Tumors carrying RAS, TERT, or a combination of these mutations were radioiodine-avid, with predictable tumor response and reduction in serum thyroglobulin levels. One patient with radioiodine-refractory disease harbored BRAF and TERT mutations. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that differentiated thyroid cancers presenting with bone metastasis independent of the primary tumor size have a high prevalence of TERT mutations, frequently coexisting with RAS mutations. This molecular signature may predict a favorable response to radioiodine therapy. Abbreviations: BRAF = proto-oncogene B-Raf; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer; FV = follicular variant; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma; RAI = radioactive iodine; RAS = Ras GTPase gene; TERT = telomerase reverse transcriptase; TG = thyroglobulin.
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241
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Wang Q, Chen E, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Dong S, Zhang X, Wang O, Li Q. Serum deprivation response functions as a tumor suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Genet 2019; 96:418-428. [PMID: 31334828 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Xuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - En‐Dong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Ye‐Feng Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yi‐Li Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Si‐Yang Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Hua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Ou‐Chen Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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Rationales for the Use of Cancer Stem Cells Markers in the Staging of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1659654. [PMID: 31341476 PMCID: PMC6613036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1659654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a standard procedure for the detection of thyroid nodules malignancy, yet 10-25% of the sample diagnosed may go undetermined or suspicious. The utility of cancer stem cell markers (CSCM) as a differential diagnosis molecular marker in nodules of suspicious decision in FNAB was hypothesized. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid fibroadenoma (TFA) samples were selected to test the hypothesis. The samples employed in this study were from patients who had thyroid hyperplasia and a suspicious or undetermined diagnosis by FNAB. The patient underwent a successful thyroidectomy at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad between January 2015 and December 2017. All nodule samples underwent a systematic histopathological examination after resection. Tumors diagnosed as PTC and those diagnosed as fibroadenoma (TFA) were selected for this study. Collectively 39 PTC and 11 TFA nodules were included. Quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine levels of mRNA and proteins of CSCM ALDH1A1, CD44, ABCG2, and Oct3/4 in both types of tumors were used. This study revealed that the expression levels of CSCM were significantly increased in PTC tissues when compared to benign tissues and the positive correlation was found between the CSCM expression levels and tumor stage, size, and gender. In conclusion, for a more precise diagnosis, we suggest these markers be included in what is currently available to characterize malignancy from what is not in thyroid cancer, as well as for the staging process of PTC.
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243
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Schatz-Siemers N, Brandler TC, Oweity T, Sun W, Hernandez A, Levine P. Hürthle cell lesions on thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: Molecular and histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:977-985. [PMID: 31293091 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hürthle cell lesions often pose diagnostic challenges, despite their common occurrence on thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The associated molecular alterations are also not well understood. Therefore, our study aimed to delineate the molecular profile of Hürthle cell lesions classified as Bethesda Categories III or IV (atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN)) on FNAC and to correlate this molecular profile with surgical resection findings. METHODS This study consisted of 188 Hürthle cell lesions with indeterminate cytology and ThyroSeq® v2/v3 molecular testing results. Surgical follow-up was available for 33 cases. RESULTS The majority of indeterminate Hürthle cell lesions had negative ThyroSeq® results (61%) and were benign on available surgical follow-up. The most prevalent mutations involved the RAS gene (21%), which were associated with benign lesions, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and malignancy. The remaining mutations involved less than 18% of the cases, including PAX8/PPARG (3.7%), TSHR (3.7%), EIF1AX (2.7%), MET (2.1%), PTEN (1.6%), clonal copy number alteration (1.6%), TERT (1.1%), and 0.5% each of GNAS, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations. On follow-up, 45% were benign, 24% were NIFTP, and 30% were malignant. The malignant cases had different molecular alterations. CONCLUSION No single molecular alteration defines cytologically indeterminate Hürthle cell lesions; the majority of cases have low-risk or no molecular alterations and are benign on follow-up. These findings suggest that molecular testing may be useful, but is not definitive, in determining which cases may be managed conservatively; additional studies are needed to fully determine the negative predictive value in ruling out malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schatz-Siemers
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tamar C Brandler
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Thaira Oweity
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pascale Levine
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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244
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Li X, Dai D, Wang H, Wu B, Wang R. Identification of prognostic signatures associated with long-term overall survival of thyroid cancer patients based on a competing endogenous RNA network. Genomics 2019; 112:1197-1207. [PMID: 31295545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are considered as transcripts that can regulate each other at post-transcription level by competing for shared miRNAs. Considering the key roles of lncRNAs acting as ceRNAs in progression of solid tumors, to develop prognostic signatures in thyroid cancer (THCA), patients with corresponding clinical data were selected and two ceRNA networks were constructed using online databases. Two prognostic signatures (Lnc5m4 and Lnc2mi1m2) were found to be more efficient in predicting long-term survival of THCA patients. However, the high-risk score of Lnc2mi1m2 was not an independent factor.The risk score of Lnc5m4 was able to effectively stratify patients in stage III-IV into low- and high-risk groups, and also could predict poor prognosis of patients in stage III-IV. In conclusion, these findings indicate that Lnc5m4 is a novel prognostic signature for predicting long-term overall survival of THCA patients, which could provide a new approach to lncRNA research in THCA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dayou Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Clinic College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health) of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Geriatric Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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245
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Lee HS, Lee JW, Park JH, Kim WS, Han HS, Lee SE. Comprehensive analysis for diagnosis of preoperative non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218046. [PMID: 31276506 PMCID: PMC6611592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current paradigm in the treatment of patients with non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a diagnostic lobectomy rather than complete thyroidectomy and postoperative radioiodine treatment. Consequently, preoperative diagnosis of NIFTP is considered to be important. METHODS We performed the comprehensive analysis for diagnosis of preoperative 20 NIFTPs in comparison with 41 invasive encapsulated follicular papillary thyroid carcinomas (I-EFVPTCs) using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), and molecular analysis for BRAF and RAS mutations. RESULTS K-TIRADS 3 was identified as the most common sonographic diagnosis in both NIFTP and I-EFVPTC. Unlike I-EFVPTC, K-TIRADS 5 was not identified in NIFTP. AUS/FLUS was the most common cytopathological diagnosis and none of the cases were classified as malignant category in both groups, although the difference in distribution was not significant between the groups. BRAF mutation was not found in NIFTP but was present in 9.8% of cases in I-EFVPTC. The frequency of RAS mutation in I-EFVPTCs was twice as high as that of NIFTP. Wild-type BRAF and RAS in NIFTP was significantly higher than I-EFVPTC. CONCLUSION The existence of overlapping features between the groups was evident, hence conclusive distinction between radiology, cytology and molecular analysis could not be achieved. Apparently, the diagnosis of NIFTP based on comprehensive analysis was not confirmable but could perceive or at least favor the diagnosis of NIFTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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246
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Yan C, Huang M, Li X, Wang T, Ling R. Relationship between BRAF V600E and clinical features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:988-996. [PMID: 31252408 PMCID: PMC6652244 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mutant status of BRAF gene and analyze its relationship to epidemiological risk factors and clinical outcomes among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the largest, single-institution Chinese cohort to date. METHODS The medical records of 2048 PTC patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. Single-factor and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors for BRAF V600E mutation. Survival outcomes including distant metastatic and persistent or recurrent PTC were examined, with a mean follow-up time of 23.4 (5-47) months. RESULTS The BRAF V600E mutation was present in 83.7% of patients (1715 of 2048). Correlation was found between BRAF V600E mutation and several epidemiological features, including age, concomitant hypertension and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). For the clinicopathological features, BRAF V600E was significantly associated with bilateral multifocality (odds ratio (OR) 1.233, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.063-1.431, P < 0.01) and less lateral lymph node metastases (OR 0.496, 95% CI 0.357-0.689, P < 0.01). Smaller tumor size and advanced disease stage were significant in single-factor analyses but became insignificant after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between BRAF V600E mutation and extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastatic and disease persistence or recurrence. CONCLUSION Part of epidemiological features are independent risk or protective factors for BRAF V600E mutation. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation is not an aggressive prognosis on poor clinical outcomes in PTC. However, the high prevalence of BRAF V600E may provide guidance for surgery strategy and opportunity for targeted treatment in recurrent and advanced stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Yan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to R Ling or T Wang: or
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to R Ling or T Wang: or
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Demin DE, Afanasyeva MA, Uvarova AN, Prokofjeva MM, Gorbachova AM, Ustiugova AS, Klepikova AV, Putlyaeva LV, Tatosyan KA, Belousov PV, Schwartz AM. Constitutive Expression of NRAS with Q61R Driver Mutation Activates Processes of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Leads to Substantial Transcriptome Change of Nthy-ori 3-1 Thyroid Epithelial Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:416-425. [PMID: 31228933 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Q61R mutation of the NRAS gene is one of the most frequent driver mutations of thyroid cancer. Tumors with this mutation are characterized by invasion into blood vessels and formation of distant metastases. To study the role of this mutation in the growth of thyroid cancer, we developed a model system on the basis of thyroid epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 transduced by a lentiviral vector containing the NRAS gene with the Q61R mutation. It was found that the expression of NRAS(Q61R) in thyroid epithelial cells has a profound influence on groups of genes involved in the formation of intercellular contacts, as well as in processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion. The alteration in the expression of these genes affects the phenotype of the model cells, which acquire traits of mesenchymal cells and demonstrate increased ability for survival and growth without attachment to the substrate. The key regulators of these processes are transcription factors belonging to families SNAIL, ZEB, and TWIST, and in different types of tumors the contribution of each individual factor can vary greatly. In our model system, phenotype change correlates with an increase in the expression of SNAIL2 and TWIST2 factors, which indicates their possible role in regulating invasive growth of thyroid cancer with the mutation of NRAS(Q61R).
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Demin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 141701, Russia
| | - M A Afanasyeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A N Uvarova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M M Prokofjeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A M Gorbachova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A S Ustiugova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A V Klepikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - L V Putlyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - K A Tatosyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P V Belousov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 141701, Russia
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248
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Borowczyk M, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Dębicki S, Budny B, Verburg FA, Filipowicz D, Więckowska B, Janicka-Jedyńska M, Gil L, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M. Differences in Mutational Profile between Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma and Follicular Thyroid Adenoma Identified Using Next Generation Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133126. [PMID: 31248021 PMCID: PMC6651591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify differences in mutational status between follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The study included 35 patients with FTA and 35 with FTC. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from thyroidectomy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed with the 50-gene Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2. Potentially pathogenic mutations were found in 14 (40%) FTA and 24 (69%) FTC patients (OR (95%CI) = 3.27 (1.22−8.75)). The number of mutations was higher in patients with FTC than FTA (p-value = 0.03). SMAD4 and STK11 mutations were present only in patients with FTA, while defects in FBXW7, JAK3, KIT, NRAS, PIK3CA, SMARCB1, and TP53 were detected exclusively in FTC patients. TP53 mutations increased the risk of FTC; OR (95%CI) = 29.24 (1.64–522.00); p-value = 0.001. FLT3-positivity was higher in FTC than in the FTA group (51.4% vs. 28.6%; p-value = 0.051). The presence of FLT3 and TP53 with no RET mutations increased FTC detectability by 17.1%, whereas the absence of FLT3 and TP53 with a presence of RET mutations increased FTA detectability by 5.7%. TP53 and FLT3 are candidate markers for detecting malignancy in follicular lesions. The best model to predict FTA and FTC may consist of FLT3, TP53, and RET mutations considered together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Dębicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Frederik A Verburg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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249
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Du P, Liu F, Liu Y, Shao M, Li X, Qin G. Linc00210 enhances the malignancy of thyroid cancer cells by modulating miR-195-5p/IGF1R/Akt axis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1001-1012. [PMID: 31240707 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating thyroid cancer (TC) development. Linc00210 is a newly identified lncRNA which plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but whether Linc00210 can modulate the development of TC remains elusive. Here, we found that Linc00210 expression was upregulated in TC tissues compared to the matched noncancerous tissues. Overexpression of Linc00210 augmented the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TC cells. Mechanistically, Linc00210 served as a sponge for miR-195-5p, thereby counteracting its ability in downregulating the expression of IGF1R and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Moreover, inhibition of Linc00210 suppressed the growth of TC cells in nude mice. Our findings for the first time uncovered the oncogenic property of Linc00210 in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xialian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Ferrari SM, Centanni M, Virili C, Miccoli M, Ferrari P, Ruffilli I, Ragusa F, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Sunitinib in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:963-972. [PMID: 28990511 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006165942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib (SU11248) is an oral multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with low molecular weight, that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-Rs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), c-KIT, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and RET. The concurrent inhibition of these pathways reduces tumor vascularization and causes cancer cell apoptosis, inducing a tumor shrinkage. Sunitinib is approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), renal carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS We searched the literature on PubMed library. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that sunitinib targeted the cytosolic MEK/ERK and SAPK/JNK pathways in the RET/PTC1 cell inhibiting cell proliferation and causing stimulation of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in RET/PTC1 cells. Furthermore sunitinib is active in vitro and in vivo against anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Most of the clinical studies report that sunitinib is effective as first- and second-line TKI therapy in patients with advanced dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DeTC), or medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Sunitinib 37.5 mg/day is well tolerated, and effective. The most common adverse events include: reduction in blood cell counts (in particular leukocytes), hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, hypertension, and musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION Even if sunitinib is promising in the therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), until now no phase III studies have been published, and additional prospective researches are necessary in order to evaluate the real efficacy of sunitinib in aggressive thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
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