201
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Wu R, Li X, Ma N, Jin X, Yuan X, Qu C, Tang H, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecules Promote Allergic Airway Inflammation by Activating the Retinoic Acid Response. iScience 2020; 23:101288. [PMID: 32622265 PMCID: PMC7334417 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE and IgG1 production in the type 2 immune response is the characteristic feature of an allergic reaction. However, whether bacterial molecules modulate IgE and IgG1 production remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial quorum sensing molecules acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) induce IgE and IgG1 production by activating the RARE (retinoic acid response element) response in dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo. DC-specific knockout of the retinoic acid transcriptional factor Rara diminished the AHL-stimulated type 2 immune response in vitro. AHLs altered DC phenotype, upregulated OX40L and IFN-I signature, and promoted T helper 2 cell differentiation in vitro. Finally, AHLs activated the RARE response by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation in vitro, as the AKT agonists IGF-1 and PDGF abolished the effect of AHLs on the RARE response. This study demonstrates a mechanism by which AHLs drive allergic airway inflammation through activating retinoic acid signaling in DCs. Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) exacerbate allergic airway inflammation AHLs induce IgE and IgG1 production AHLs activate the RARE response in dendritic cells AHLs inhibit AKT phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlan Wu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiufeng Jin
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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202
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Wu J, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhao Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Wang W. PPARγ as an E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Impedes Phosphate-Stat6 Stability and Promotes Prostaglandins E 2-Mediated Inhibition of IgE Production in Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1224. [PMID: 32636842 PMCID: PMC7317005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum IgE level is one of the features of allergic asthma. It is reported that IgE production can be enhanced by E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); however, whether E-prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptor (encoded by Ptger4) has a unique or redundant role is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated the mice with B cell-specific deletion of the EP4 receptor (Ptger4fl/flMb1cre+/−) showed their serum levels of IgE were markedly increased. A much more severe airway allergic inflammation was observed in the absence of EP4 signal using the OVA-induced asthma model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the transcription levels of AID, GLTε, and PSTε in EP4-deficient B cells were found to be significantly increased, implying an enhanced IgE class switch. In addition, we saw higher levels of phosphorylated STAT6, a vital factor for IgE class switch. Biochemical analyses indicated that inhibitory effect of EP4 signal on IgE depended on the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Further downstream, PPARγ expression was up-regulated. Independent of its activity as a transcription factor, PPARγ here primarily functioned as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase, which bound the phosphorylated STAT6 to initiate its degradation. In support of PPARγ as a key mediator downstream of the EP4 signal, PPARγ agonist induced the down-regulation of phospho-STAT6, whereas its antagonist was able to rescue the EP4-mediated inhibition of STAT6 activation and IgE production. Thus, our findings highlight a role for the PGE2-EP4-AKT-PPARγ-STAT6 signaling in IgE response, highlighting the therapeutic potential of combined application of EP4 and PPARγ agonists in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
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203
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Davis JS, Ferreira D, Paige E, Gedye C, Boyle M. Infectious Complications of Biological and Small Molecule Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:e00035-19. [PMID: 32522746 PMCID: PMC7289788 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00035-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in our approach to therapeutic immunosuppression. We have moved from relying on broadly active traditional medications, such as prednisolone or methotrexate, toward more specific agents that often target a single receptor, cytokine, or cell type, using monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, or targeted small molecules. This change has transformed the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, but along with the benefits have come risks. Contrary to the hope that these more specific agents would have minimal and predictable infectious sequelae, infectious complications have emerged as a major stumbling block for many of these agents. Furthermore, the growing number and complexity of available biologic agents makes it difficult for clinicians to maintain current knowledge, and most review articles focus on a particular target disease or class of agent. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about infectious complications of biologic and small molecule immunomodulatory agents, aiming to create a single resource relevant to a broad range of clinicians and researchers. For each of 19 classes of agent, we discuss the mechanism of action, the risk and types of infectious complications, and recommendations for prevention of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Davis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ferreira
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Paige
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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204
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Shade KTC, Conroy ME, Washburn N, Kitaoka M, Huynh DJ, Laprise E, Patil SU, Shreffler WG, Anthony RM. Sialylation of immunoglobulin E is a determinant of allergic pathogenicity. Nature 2020; 582:265-270. [PMID: 32499653 PMCID: PMC7386252 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of the world's population suffers from allergies1. Exposure to allergens crosslinks immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that are bound to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine2. Although IgE is absolutely required for allergies, it is not understood why total and allergen-specific IgE concentrations do not reproducibly correlate with allergic disease3-5. It is well-established that glycosylation of IgG dictates its effector function and has disease-specific patterns. However, whether IgE glycans differ in disease states or affect biological activity is completely unknown6. Here we perform an unbiased examination of glycosylation patterns of total IgE from individuals with a peanut allergy and from non-atopic individuals without allergies. Our analysis reveals an increase in sialic acid content on total IgE from individuals with a peanut allergy compared with non-atopic individuals. Removal of sialic acid from IgE attenuates effector-cell degranulation and anaphylaxis in several functional models of allergic disease. Therapeutic interventions-including removing sialic acid from cell-bound IgE with a neuraminidase enzyme targeted towards the IgE receptor FcεRI, and administering asialylated IgE-markedly reduce anaphylaxis. Together, these results establish IgE glycosylation, and specifically sialylation, as an important regulator of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting C Shade
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle E Conroy
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Maya Kitaoka
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Huynh
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Laprise
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarita U Patil
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and the MGH Food Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Food Allergy Science Initiative at the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and the MGH Food Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Food Allergy Science Initiative at the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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205
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Solinski HJ, Kriegbaum MC, Tseng PY, Earnest TW, Gu X, Barik A, Chesler AT, Hoon MA. Nppb Neurons Are Sensors of Mast Cell-Induced Itch. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3561-3573.e4. [PMID: 30917312 PMCID: PMC6490177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant skin sensation that can be triggered by exposure to many chemicals, including those released by mast cells. The natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb)-expressing class of sensory neurons, when activated, elicits scratching responses in mice, but it is unclear which itch-inducing agents stimulate these cells and the receptors involved. Here, we identify receptors expressed by Nppb neurons and demonstrate the functional importance of these receptors as sensors of endogenous pruritogens released by mast cells. Our search for receptors in Nppb neurons reveals that they express leukotriene, serotonin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Targeted cell ablation, calcium imaging of primary sensory neurons, and conditional receptor knockout studies demonstrate that these receptors induce itch by the direct stimulation of Nppb neurons and neurotransmission through the canonical gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent spinal cord itch pathway. Together, our results define a molecular and cellular pathway for mast cell-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mette C Kriegbaum
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Earnest
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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206
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to daily hives with itch, sleeplessness, and unforeseen development of angioedema, chronic spontaneous urticaria significantly impairs quality of life, often for years. Its management is challenging. In most cases, H1-antihistamines are not effective. Although the disease is not characterized by specific IgE antibodies against allergens, the last decade demonstrated that neutralizing IgE by using the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody Omalizumab is safe and effective. Nevertheless, symptoms are not controlled by Omalizumab in approximately one-fourth of patients. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on Ligelizumab (QGE031), a next-generation non-triggering fully human monoclonal antibody, with higher affinity to IgE compared to Omalizumab. EXPERT OPINION In chronic spontaneous urticaria, subcutaneous Ligelizumab once per month for five months has shown a clear dose-response relationship with respect to symptoms. Superiority over Omalizumab was noted whereas the safety profile was similar. Most common side effects were injection site reactions. In the near future, results from phase 3 trials, two of them including more than 1000 patients each, are awaited. Having a higher affinity to IgE and being more effective than Omalizumab, Ligelizumab has the potential to free chronic urticaria patients from year-long daily annoying symptoms that did not respond to standard therapy as recommended by current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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207
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Yang F, Zou L, Wu Y, Wu Z, Yang A, Chen H, Li X. Structure and allergenicity assessments of bovine β-lactoglobulin treated by sonication-assisted irradiation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4109-4120. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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208
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Pajno GB, Castagnoli R, Arasi S, Licari A, Caminiti L, Marseglia GL. Pediatric use of omalizumab for allergic asthma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:695-703. [PMID: 32241196 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1751115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe pediatric asthma is associated with significant morbidity as well as with a high economic burden. It represents a heterogeneous disease with multiple clinical phenotypes. Currently, physicians are facing the challenge to provide a 'personalized medicine approach', which is tailored to the diverse pathomechanisms underlying clinical presentations. Three main endotypes of airway inflammation have been described in children with severe asthma. While neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic inflammatory patterns are quite uncommon in childhood, type Th2 inflammation asthma with elevated IgE is the most prevalent in pediatric asthma. Considering the pivotal role of IgE in type Th2 inflammation asthma, the blockade of IgE using anti-IgE therapy represents a potent therapeutic option for severe pediatric asthma in children. AREAS COVERED This review aims to focus on the role of omalizumab as a treatment option in pediatric patients (aged six years and above) with severe allergic asthma. EXPERT OPINION The clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab for the treatment of pediatric asthma is well documented in clinical trials and observational studies. Further studies are still required to characterize the potential benefit of anti-IgE therapy in airway remodeling, identify additional biomarkers of clinical response and address current unmet needs, including the limit on omalizumab use in children younger than six years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital (IRCCS) , Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Caminiti
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Unit, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
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209
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Pellizzari G, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Gotovina J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Harnessing Therapeutic IgE Antibodies to Re-educate Macrophages against Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:615-626. [PMID: 32470387 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, IgG is the only class of antibodies employed for cancer therapy. However, harnessing the unique biological properties of a different class ( e.g., IgE) could engender potent effector cell activation, and unleash previously untapped immune mechanisms against cancer. IgE antibodies are best known for pathogenic roles in allergic diseases and for protective effector functions against parasitic infestation, often mediated by IgE Fc receptor-expressing macrophages. Notably, IgE possess a very high affinity for cognate Fc receptors expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This paper reviews pre-clinical studies, which indicate control of cancer growth by tumor antigen-specific IgE that recruit and re-educate TAMs towards activated profiles. The clinical development harnessing the antitumor potential of recombinant IgE antibodies in cancer patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelena Gotovina
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
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210
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Benjamin SV, Creeke PI, Henry AJ, McDonnell JM. NMR backbone assignment of the Cε4 domain of immunoglobulin E. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:151-155. [PMID: 32108310 PMCID: PMC7069932 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in allergic reactions. IgE is a dynamic molecule that is capable of undergoing large conformational changes. X-ray crystal structures of the Fc region of IgE in complex with various ligands have shown that IgE-Fc can exist in extended and various bent conformations. IgE-Fc consists of three domains: Cε2, Cε3 and Cε4. While the complete NMR backbone assignments of the Cε2 and Cε3 domains have been reported previously, the Cε4 domain has not been assigned. Here, we report the complete backbone assignment of the Cε4 homodimer. Cε4 can be used as a model system to study dynamics and allostery in IgE, as both molecules exist as homodimers and exhibit similar binding properties to a number of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefi V Benjamin
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paul I Creeke
- UCB Pharma, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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211
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Ling WL, Lua WH, Gan SKE. Sagacity in antibody humanization for therapeutics, diagnostics and research purposes: considerations of antibody elements and their roles. Antib Ther 2020; 3:71-79. [PMID: 33928226 PMCID: PMC7990220 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The humanization of antibodies for therapeutics is a critical process that can determine the success of antibody drug development. However, the science underpinning this process remains elusive with different laboratories having very different methods. Well-funded laboratories can afford automated high-throughput screening methods to derive their best binder utilizing a very expensive initial set of equipment affordable only to a few. Often within these high-throughput processes, only standard key parameters, such as production, binding and aggregation are analyzed. Given the lack of suitable animal models, it is only at clinical trials that immunogenicity and allergy adverse effects are detected through anti-human antibodies as per FDA guidelines. While some occurrences that slip through can be mitigated by additional desensitization protocols, such adverse reactions to grafted humanized antibodies can be prevented at the humanization step. Considerations such as better antibody localization, avoidance of unspecific interactions to superantigens and the tailoring of antibody dependent triggering of immune responses, the antibody persistence on cells, can all be preemptively considered through a holistic sagacious approach, allowing for better outcomes in therapy and for research and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Ling
- Antibody & Product Development Lab, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Wai-Heng Lua
- Antibody & Product Development Lab, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Antibody & Product Development Lab, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
- p53 Laboratory, ASTAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05 Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
- Experimental Drug Development Center, ASTAR, 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01, Chromos, Singapore 138670
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212
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Vašíček O, Fedr R, Skoroplyas S, Chalupa D, Sklenář M, Tharra PR, Švenda J, Kubala L. Natural pseurotins and analogs thereof inhibit activation of B-cells and differentiation into the plasma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153194. [PMID: 32146299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of allergic diseases is constantly rising. Dysregulated production of isotype E immunoglobulins is one of the key factors behind allergic reactions and its modulation is therefore an important target for pharmacological intervention. Natural products of the pseurotin family were reported to be inhibitors of IgE production in B-cells. Mechanistic details underlying these effects are however not well understood. PURPOSE In the present study, we synthesized new analogs of natural pseurotins and extensively investigated their inhibitory effects on activation, proliferation and differentiation of B-cells, as well as on the production of IgE. STUDY DESIGN Effects of two natural pseurotins (pseurotins A and D) and a collection of fully synthetic pseurotin analogs were studied on mouse B-cells stimulated by the combination of IL-4 and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The IgE production was determined along with cell viability and cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of selected members of the STAT transcription factor family was subsequently investigated. Finally, the in vivo effect of pseurotin D on the ovalbumin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity response was tested in mice. RESULTS We discovered that several fully synthetic pseurotin analogs were able to decrease the production of IgE in stimulated B-cells with potency comparable to that of pseurotins A and D. We found that the two natural pseurotins and the active synthetic analogs inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3, STAT5 and STAT6 proteins in stimulated B-cells, resulting in the inhibition of B-cell proliferation and differentiation into the plasma cells. In vivo, pseurotin D decreased ovalbumin-induced foot pad edema. CONCLUSION Our results advance the current mechanistic understanding of the pseurotin-induced inhibition of IgE production in B-cells by linking the effect to STAT signaling, and associated modulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Together with our finding that structurally simpler pseurotin analogs were able to reproduce the effects of natural pseurotins, the presented work has implications for the future research on these secondary metabolites in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Svitlana Skoroplyas
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Sklenář
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Prabhakara Rao Tharra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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213
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Okayama Y, Matsumoto H, Odajima H, Takahagi S, Hide M, Okubo K. Roles of omalizumab in various allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2020; 69:167-177. [PMID: 32067933 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE and mast cells play a pivotal role in various allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria. Treatment with omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, has significantly improved control of these allergic diseases and introduced a new era for the management of severe allergic conditions. About 10 years of experience with omalizumab treatment for severe allergic asthma confirmed its effectiveness and safety, reducing symptoms, frequency of reliever use, and severe exacerbations in patients with intractable conditions. Omalizumab is particularly useful in childhood asthma, where atopic conditions often determine clinical courses of asthma. Recently, omalizumab is approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) with the fixed dose of 300 mg. Although the mechanisms underlying the actions of omalizumab in CSU are not fully clarified, nearly 90% of patients with CSU showed a complete or a partial response to omalizumab treatment. Furthermore, omalizumab is just approved for the treatment of severe Japanese cedar pollinosis (JC) based on the successful results of an add-on study of omalizumab for inadequately controlled severe pollinosis despite antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids. For proper use of omalizumab to treat severe JC, co-administration of antihistamines is necessary, while patients should meet the criteria including strong sensitization to Japanese cedar pollen (≥class 3) and poor control under standard treatment. In the management of severe allergic diseases using omalizumab, issues including cost and concerns about relapse after its discontinuation should be overcome. At the same time, possibilities for application to other intractable allergic diseases should be considered.
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214
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Qin W, Duan J, Xie X, Kang J, Deng T, Chen M. Exposure to diisononyl phthalate promotes atopic march by activating of NF-κB and p38 MAPK. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114981. [PMID: 32240662 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
What factors and underlying mechanisms influence the occurrence of the atopic march remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DINP) might be associated with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. However, little is known about the role of DINP exposure in the atopic march. In this study, we investigated the effect of DINP exposure on the progression from AD to asthma, and explored the potential mechanisms. We built an atopic march mouse model from AD to asthma, by exposure to DINP and sensitization with OVA. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and SB203580 were used to block NF-κB and p38 MAPK respectively, to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. The data showed that DINP aggravated airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AhR) in the progression from AD to asthma, induced a sharp increase in IL-33, IgE, Th2 and Th17 cytokines, and resulted in an increase in the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and in the number of inflammatory cells. Blocking NF-κB inhibited AD-like lesions, and the production of IL-33 and TSLP in the progression of AD, while alleviating airway remodeling, AhR, and the expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines in both the progression of AD and the asthmatic phenotype. Blocking p38 MAPK in the progression of asthma, inhibited airway remodeling, AhR, and the expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines. The results demonstrated that exposure to DINP enhanced the immune response to memory CD4+ T helper cells through the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, leading to an aggravation of the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
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215
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Yousef M, Crozier RW, Hicks NJ, Watson CJ, Boyd T, Tsiani E, MacNeil AJ. Attenuation of allergen‐mediated mast cell activation by rosemary extract (
Rosmarinus officinalis
L.). J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:843-857. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0320-434r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Robert W.E. Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Natalie J. Hicks
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Colton J.F. Watson
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Tylar Boyd
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
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216
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Mitropoulou AN, Ceska T, Heads JT, Beavil AJ, Henry AJ, McDonnell JM, Sutton BJ, Davies AM. Engineering the Fab fragment of the anti-IgE omalizumab to prevent Fab crystallization and permit IgE-Fc complex crystallization. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:116-129. [PMID: 32133997 PMCID: PMC7057348 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in the allergic response, in which cross-linking of allergen by FcεRI-bound IgE triggers mast cell and basophil degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators. The high-affinity interaction between IgE and FcεRI is a long-standing target for therapeutic intervention in allergic disease. Omalizumab is a clinically approved anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that binds to free IgE, also with high affinity, preventing its interaction with FcεRI. All attempts to crystallize the pre-formed complex between the omalizumab Fab and the Fc region of IgE (IgE-Fc), to understand the structural basis for its mechanism of action, surprisingly failed. Instead, the Fab alone selectively crystallized in different crystal forms, but their structures revealed intermolecular Fab/Fab interactions that were clearly strong enough to disrupt the Fab/IgE-Fc complexes. Some of these interactions were common to other Fab crystal structures. Mutations were therefore designed to disrupt two recurring packing interactions observed in the omalizumab Fab crystal structures without interfering with the ability of the omalizumab Fab to recognize IgE-Fc; this led to the successful crystallization and subsequent structure determination of the Fab/IgE-Fc complex. The mutagenesis strategy adopted to achieve this result is applicable to other intractable Fab/antigen complexes or systems in which Fabs are used as crystallization chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis N. Mitropoulou
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Tom Ceska
- UCB Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Anna M. Davies
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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217
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Oral Administration of Fucoidan Can Exert Anti-Allergic Activity after Allergen Sensitization by Enhancement of Galectin-9 Secretion in Blood. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020258. [PMID: 32050429 PMCID: PMC7072523 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study revealed that fucoidan inhibited mast cell degranulation through the upregulation of galectin-9 in blood. The purpose of this study is to elucidate its mechanism using ovalbumin (OVA) induced anaphylaxis model mice (BALB/c, Female, 5-week-old) and mast cell line (RBL-2H3 cells). Oral administration of fucoidan after sensitization with OVA/Al(OH)3 inhibited reduction of rectal temperature induced by activation of mast cells. Fucoidan increased galectin-9 mRNA expression only in colonic epithelial cells. These results suggested that fucoidan could suppress the allergic symptoms in sensitized mice by inducing galectin-9 production from colonic epithelial cells. In addition, to check the influence of galectin 9 on the degranulation of mast cells, RBL-2H3 cell lines were treated directly with recombinant galectin-9. As expected, galectin-9 inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells pre-bound with IgE. Moreover, the residual amounts of IgE on RBL-2H3 cells were decreased by an addition of galectin-9. It was demonstrated that galectin-9 could remove IgE even if IgE was already bound to mast cells and suppress the mast cells degranulation induced by antigen. This study shows that fucoidan might become an effective therapeutic agent for patients already developed type I allergic diseases.
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218
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Bai X, Chai Y, Shi W, Li Y, Zhang T, Liu P. Lonicera japonica polysaccharides attenuate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis by regulation of Th17 cells in BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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219
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TRPV4 is dispensable for the development of airway allergic asthma. J Transl Med 2020; 100:265-273. [PMID: 31417159 PMCID: PMC7261591 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of the most common immune-mediated disorders affecting the lungs. It is characterized clinically by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, enhanced IL-4 and IL-13, peribronchial inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia associated with increased mucus production. However, chronic asthma with repeated exposures to inhaled allergens can result in subepithelial pulmonary fibrosis. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) protein can promote the generation of myofibroblasts and pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we investigated the possibility that TPRV4 facilitates the development of allergic asthma and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis in the lung. To test this, wild-type (WT) and TPRV4 gene knockout (KO) mice were repeatedly sensitized with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) and repeatedly subjected to aerosol challenge with 1% OVA. We found that there were no significant differences in the development of allergic asthma between the WT and TPRV4 KO mice. Both groups of mice exhibited similar levels of airway hyperresponsiveness, IL-13, IL-5, OVA-specific IgE, eosinophilia, mucus-secreting goblet cell hyperplasia, and deposition of collagen fiber, which is a hallmark of the pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, these data suggest that TPRV4 protein is dispensable in the initiation and development of airway asthma and subsequent fibrosis.
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220
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Castan L, Bøgh KL, Maryniak NZ, Epstein MM, Kazemi S, O'Mahony L, Bodinier M, Smit JJ, Bilsen JHM, Blanchard C, Głogowski R, Kozáková H, Schwarzer M, Noti M, Wit N, Bouchaud G, Bastiaan‐Net S. Overview of in vivo and ex vivo endpoints in murine food allergy models: Suitable for evaluation of the sensitizing capacity of novel proteins? Allergy 2020; 75:289-301. [PMID: 31187876 PMCID: PMC7065134 DOI: 10.1111/all.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts are necessary to introduce new dietary protein sources to feed a growing world population while maintaining food supply chain sustainability. Such a sustainable protein transition includes the use of highly modified proteins from side streams or the introduction of new protein sources that may lead to increased clinically relevant allergic sensitization. With food allergy being a major health problem of increasing concern, understanding the potential allergenicity of new or modified proteins is crucial to ensure public health protection. The best predictive risk assessment methods currently relied on are in vivo models, making the choice of endpoint parameters a key element in evaluating the sensitizing capacity of novel proteins. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most frequently used in vivo and ex vivo endpoints in murine food allergy models, addressing their strengths and limitations for assessing sensitization risks. For optimal laboratory‐to‐laboratory reproducibility and reliable use of predictive tests for protein risk assessment, it is important that researchers maintain and apply the same relevant parameters and procedures. Thus, there is an urgent need for a consensus on key food allergy parameters to be applied in future food allergy research in synergy between both knowledge institutes and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine L. Bøgh
- National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Michelle M. Epstein
- Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sahar Kazemi
- Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | | | - Joost J. Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert Głogowski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Production Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Hana Kozáková
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Nový Hrádek Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Nový Hrádek Czech Republic
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wit
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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221
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One-step electrodeposition of poly(m-aminobenzoic acid) membrane decorated with peptide for antifouling biosensing of Immunoglobulin E. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 186:110706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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222
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Zhang X, Li J, Luo S, Wang M, Huang Q, Deng Z, de Febbo C, Daoui A, Liew PX, Sukhova GK, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Shi GP, Guo J. IgE Contributes to Atherosclerosis and Obesity by Affecting Macrophage Polarization, Macrophage Protein Network, and Foam Cell Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:597-610. [PMID: 31996021 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By binding to its high-affinity receptor FcεR1, IgE activates mast cells, macrophages, and other inflammatory and vascular cells. Recent studies support an essential role of IgE in cardiometabolic diseases. Plasma IgE level is an independent predictor of human coronary heart disease. Yet, a direct role of IgE and its mechanisms in cardiometabolic diseases remain incompletely understood. Approach and Results: Using atherosclerosis prone Apoe-/- mice and IgE-deficient Ige-/- mice, we demonstrated that IgE deficiency reduced atherosclerosis lesion burden, lesion lipid deposition, smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell contents, chemokine MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1 expression and macrophage accumulation. IgE deficiency also reduced bodyweight gain and increased glucose and insulin sensitivities with significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL (interleukin)-6, IFN (interferon)-γ, and MCP-1. From atherosclerotic lesions and peritoneal macrophages from Apoe-/-Ige-/- mice that consumed an atherogenic diet, we detected reduced expression of M1 macrophage markers (CD68, MCP-1, TNF [tumor necrosis factor]-α, IL-6, and iNOS [inducible nitric oxide synthase]) but increased expression of M2 macrophage markers (Arg [arginase]-1 and IL-10) and macrophage-sterol-responsive-network molecules (complement C3, lipoprotein lipase, LDLR [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-related protein 1, and TFR [transferrin]) that suppress macrophage foam cell formation. These IgE activities can be reproduced in bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type mice, but muted in cells from FcεR1-deficient mice, or blocked by anti-IgE antibody or complement C3 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS IgE deficiency protects mice from diet-induced atherosclerosis, obesity, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance by regulating macrophage polarization, macrophage-sterol-responsive-network gene expression, and foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Jie Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.).,Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China (J.L.)
| | - Songyuan Luo
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Minjie Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Qin Huang
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Caroline de Febbo
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Aida Daoui
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Pei Xiong Liew
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.)
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.)
| | - Junli Guo
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (X.Z., J.L., S.L., M.W., Q.H., Z.D., C.d.F., A.D., P.X.L., G.K.S., G.-P.S., J.G.).,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China (J.G.)
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223
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[Allergo-oncology: what allergologists and oncologists can learn from each other : Regulatory T cells in allergy and cancer]. HNO 2020; 68:115-122. [PMID: 31970443 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system has substantial involvement in the pathophysiology of allergies and cancer. The complexity of the immune system is well balanced in health, in so-called immune homeostasis. In many diseases, as in allergies and cancer, this balance is disturbed. The tolerance to foreign but harmless substances, such as tree or grass pollen, is no longer sufficiently given in allergic patients. In cancer patients, the immune system is tolerant to harmful tumor cells. Thus, allergies and cancer show an opposing pattern in terms of immune tolerance. The group of regulatory T cells occupies a central position here. OBJECTIVE This article deals with the function of regulatory T cells in detail. This group of immune cells and its interaction with other involved immune cells and messenger signals in the pathophysiology and treatment of allergies and cancer are presented. METHODS A review article was compiled based on the pertinent literature. RESULTS The regulatory T cells of cancer patients are a mechanism of the so-called tumor escape phenomenon to hide from the immune system. The tumor uses danger signals, e.g., the HMGB1 protein, to mediate tolerance to the immune system through these cells and thus avoid elimination. In allergic patients, these cells are underrepresented and can be induced by a specific immunotherapy, in order to achieve tolerance to the allergens and thus a causal treatment. CONCLUSION Regulatory T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and allergies, and thus represent a therapeutic target.
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224
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The mechanistic and functional profile of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody ligelizumab differs from omalizumab. Nat Commun 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 31913280 PMCID: PMC6949303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of immunoglobulin E (IgE) represents an interesting approach for the treatment of allergic disorders. A high-affinity monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, ligelizumab, has recently been developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with the clinical use of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab. Here, we determine the molecular binding profile and functional modes-of-action of ligelizumab. We solve the crystal structure of ligelizumab bound to IgE, and report epitope differences between ligelizumab and omalizumab that contribute to their qualitatively distinct IgE-receptor inhibition profiles. While ligelizumab shows superior inhibition of IgE binding to FcεRI, basophil activation, IgE production by B cells and passive systemic anaphylaxis in an in vivo mouse model, ligelizumab is less potent in inhibiting IgE:CD23 interactions than omalizumab. Our data thus provide a structural and mechanistic foundation for understanding the efficient suppression of FcεRI-dependent allergic reactions by ligelizumab in vitro as well as in vivo. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in allergic responses, yet therapeutic targeting of IgE with antibodies such as omalizumab is met with various limitations. Here the authors characterize the molecular properties and crystal structure of a new anti-IgE antibody, ligelizumab, for mechanistic insights related to its enhanced suppression activity.
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225
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Licari A, Castagnoli R, Tondina E, Testa G, Parisi GF, Marseglia A, Brambilla I, Marseglia GL. Novel Biologics for the Treatment of Pediatric Severe Asthma. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190521111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estimated to represent less than 5% of all asthmatic patients, children with severe asthma
experience troublesome persistent symptoms, life-threatening attacks and side effects by oral
corticosteroid treatment, that significantly impact on the quality of life and on economic costs. An
accurate understanding of the mechanisms of the disease has been crucial for the discovery and
development of biological therapies, for which children with severe asthma are candidates. The aim
of this review is to discuss the use of approved biologics for severe asthma, providing updated evidence
of novel targeted therapies in the pediatric age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Licari
- S.C. Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Tondina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Testa
- S.C. Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Brambilla
- S.C. Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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226
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Sun Y, Huang T, Hammarström L, Zhao Y. The Immunoglobulins: New Insights, Implications, and Applications. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 8:145-169. [PMID: 31846352 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs), as one of the hallmarks of adaptive immunity, first arose approximately 500 million years ago with the emergence of jawed vertebrates. Two events stand out in the evolutionary history of Igs from cartilaginous fish to mammals: (a) the diversification of Ig heavy chain (IgH) genes, resulting in Ig isotypes or subclasses associated with novel functions, and (b) the diversification of genetic and structural strategies, leading to the creation of the antibody repertoire we know today. This review first gives an overview of the IgH isotypes identified in jawed vertebrates to date and then highlights the implications or applications of five new recent discoveries arising from comparative studies of Igs derived from different vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China;
| | - Tian Huang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Mammary Bioreactor, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China;
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
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227
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Marone G, Granata F, Pucino V, Pecoraro A, Heffler E, Loffredo S, Scadding GW, Varricchi G. The Intriguing Role of Interleukin 13 in the Pathophysiology of Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1387. [PMID: 31866859 PMCID: PMC6908970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5–10% of asthmatic patients worldwide suffer from severe asthma. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that IL-13 is an important cytokine in chronic airways inflammation. IL-13 is involved in Th2 inflammation and has been identified as a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma. Two different human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) anti-IL-13 (tralokinumab and lebrikizumab) block binding and signaling of IL-13 to its receptors, IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of tralokinumab and lebrikizumab in the treatment of adult patients with severe asthma, but all have failed to meet their primary endpoints. No serious adverse events related to the treatment with these anti-IL-13 mAbs have been reported in these studies. These negative clinical results contrast with positive findings from blocking IL-13 signaling in experimental models of asthma, raising doubts about the transferrable value of some models. Interestingly, dupilumab, a mAb which blocks both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling reduces exacerbation rates and improves lung function in severe asthmatics. These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 share some, but not all functional activities in airway inflammation. Tralokinumab might show efficacy in a highly selected cohort of asthmatics characterized by overexpression of IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma, and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Guy W Scadding
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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228
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Hu J, Gao M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang J, Li J, Song Z, Chen Y, Wang Z. Imaging the Substructures of Individual IgE Antibodies with Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14896-14901. [PMID: 31661619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between antibodies and substrates directly affect their conformations and thus their immune functions. Therefore, it is desirable to study the structures of antibodies at the single molecule level. Herein, the substructures of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) on solid surfaces were investigated. For this purpose, tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to observe individual IgE substructures adsorbed onto Mg2+ and Na+ modified mica substrates in air. As expected, the AFM images revealed that the IgE antibodies exhibited different conformations on the surface of mica substrate consisting of the four basic orientations: three domain, two equivalent domain, two unequal domain, and single domain morphologies. Moreover, the differences in the different orientations in single IgE antibodies were also identified clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mingyan Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jiani Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- School of Life Sciences , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- JR3CN & IRAC , University of Bedfordshire , Luton LU1 3JU , U.K
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229
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Aberumand B, Ellis AK. Asthma and the Biologics Revolution, Part 2: Failures and the Future Potential. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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230
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Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity and Nitric Oxide Production During Multiple Ovalbumin Challenges. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:379-387. [PMID: 30411300 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mast cell-mediated allergic diseases are a significant global health problem. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by acute type 1 allergies greatly suppresses hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that repeated FcεRI-mediated activation intrinsically modulates mast cell function. We investigated the effect of ovalbumin (OVA) challenges on CYP activity and NO production under real immune responses. METHODS After repeated sensitization with OVA once a week, serum nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) and total plasma immunoglobulin E concentrations were measured using commercially available kits. Hepatic microsomal CYP-specific activities and protein expression were determined using typical substrates and by western blot, respectively. In the liver, the levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), F4/80, and c-kit mRNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hepatic total NOS activity was measured using a colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS When mice received multiple OVA challenges, the 11th sensitization elevated NOx concentrations in serum and suppressed the activities of five major CYPs without altering protein expression levels. After the 7th, 11th, and 15th sensitizations, F4/80-positive Kupffer cell and hepatic c-kit-dependent mast cell mRNA levels were similar to those of the control. The 7th and 11th sensitizations increased hepatic iNOS mRNA expression to 15-fold and threefold above control levels, respectively, but did not enhance the total NOS activity in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Multiple OVA challenges, unlike acute sensitization, greatly reduced serum NOx levels. The challenge-suppressed hepatic CYP metabolism was likely related to the increased serum NOx. Serum NOx may be an endogenous marker for CYP metabolism inhibition in type 1 allergic diseases.
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231
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Aberumand B, Ellis AK. Asthma and the Biologics Revolution, Part 1: Here and Now. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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232
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Varricchi G, Marone G, Spadaro G, Russo M, Granata F, Genovese A, Marone G. Novel Biological Therapies in Severe Asthma: Targeting the Right Trait. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2801-2822. [PMID: 29318959 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180110094542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation that results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Patients with severe asthma represent a substantial share of consumption of healthcare resources and hospitalization. Moreover, these patients are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, several phenotypes and endotypes of asthma have been identified. The identification of specific subtypes of asthma is fundamental for optimizing the clinical benefit of novel treatments. Although in most patients the disease can be controlled by some combination of pharmacologic agents, in some 5-10% of patients the disease remains uncontrolled. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting pathogenetic molecules (e.g., IgE, IL-5, IL- 5Rα, IL-4, IL-13, TSLP) are currently available or under development for the treatment of different forms of severe type 2 asthma. The identification of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers (e.g., IgE, blood eosinophil count, FeNO, periostin, etc.) has revolutioned the field of targeted therapy in severe asthma. Monoclonal antibodies targeting Th2-driven inflammation are generally safe in adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. The long-term safety of these biologics is a relevant issue that should be addressed. Unfortunately, little is known about non-type 2 asthma. Further studies are needed to identify biomarkers to guide targeted therapies of different forms of non-type 2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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233
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Yin L, Song Y, Liu Y, Ye Z. A risk factor for early wheezing in infants: rapid weight gain. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:352. [PMID: 31615455 PMCID: PMC6792210 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between rapid weight gain and early wheezing. Methods This study screened 701 infants with lower respiratory tract infection who were no more than 4 months from Jan 1st to Dec 31st in 2018. According to weight-for-age Z-value (WAZ), these infants were divided into the considerably slow weight gain group (group I), the normal weight gain group (group II) and the excessively rapid weight gain group (group III), respectively. The clinical characteristics, weight growth speeds and serum lipid levels were analyzed, and multivariable Logistic model was conducted to select significant variables. Results Our results showed that male (OR = 1.841, 95%CI: 1.233–2.751), family wheezing (OR = 5.118, 95%CI: 2.118–12.365), age (OR = 1.273, 95%CI: 1.155–1.403), eczema (OR = 2.769, 95%CI: 1.793–4.275), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (OR = 1.790, 95%CI: 1.230–2.604), birth weight (OR = 1.746, 95%CI: 1.110–2.746) and total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 1.027, 95%CI: 1.019–1.036) and ΔWAZ (OR = 1.182, 95%CI: 1.022–1.368) were associated with early wheezing. Results indicated that serum TC (P = 0.018) and ΔWAZ (P = 0.023) were positive correlation with wheezing days. Conclusion Besides male, family wheezing, age, eczema, RSV infection, birth weight and TC, the rapid weight growth as a risk factor should be concerned in the early wheezing infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Department of Respiratory Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Ye
- Department of Respiratory Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
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234
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Montero-Morales L, Maresch D, Crescioli S, Castilho A, Ilieva KM, Mele S, Karagiannis SN, Altmann F, Steinkellner H. In Planta Glycan Engineering and Functional Activities of IgE Antibodies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:242. [PMID: 31632959 PMCID: PMC6781838 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the most extensively glycosylated antibody isotype so glycans attached to the seven N-glycosites (NGS) in its Fab and Fc domains may modulate its functions. However, targeted modification of glycans in multiply glycosylated proteins remains a challenge. Here, we applied an in vivo approach that allows the manipulation of IgE N-glycans, using a trastuzumab equivalent IgE (HER2-IgE) as a model. Taking advantage of plant inherent features, i.e., synthesis of largely homogeneous complex N-glycans and susceptibility to glycan engineering, we generated targeted glycoforms of HER2-IgE largely resembling those found in serum IgE. Plant-derived HER2-IgE exhibited N-glycans terminating with GlcNAc, galactose or sialic acid, lacking, or carrying core fucose and xylose. We were able to not only modulate the five NGSs naturally decorated with complex N-glycans, but to also induce targeted glycosylation at the usually unoccupied NGS6, thus increasing the overall glycosylation content of HER2-IgE. Recombinant human cell-derived HER2-IgE exhibited large N-glycan heterogeneity. All HER2-IgE variants demonstrated glycosylation-independent binding to the target antigen and the high affinity receptor FcεRI, and subsequent similar capacity to trigger mast cell degranulation. In contrast, binding to the low affinity receptor CD23 (FcεRII) was modulated by the glycan profile, with increased binding to IgE variants with glycans terminating with GlcNAc residues. Here we offer an efficient in planta approach to generate defined glycoforms on multiply glycosylated IgE, allowing the precise exploration of glycosylation-dependent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montero-Morales
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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235
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Fu Y, Kong Y, Li J, Wang Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren F, Ni J, Li Y, Chang Z. Mesenchymal stem cells combined with traditional Chinese medicine (qi-fang-bi-min-tang) alleviates rodent allergic rhinitis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1541-1551. [PMID: 31535402 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proved to exert anti-inflammatory effects and regulate immune reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), qi-fang-bi-min-tang, is effective for some patients with allergic diseases. However, it remains unclear whether MSCs combined with TCM could benefit the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we reported an additional effect of TCM (qi-fang-bi-min-tang) on the therapy of AR under MSCs treatment. Intriguingly, we observed that TCM-treated MSCs significantly inhibited the symptoms of AR and reduced the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced rats. The expression levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the plasma of AR rats after injection of TCM-treated MSCs. TCM-treated MSCs reduced the levels of histamine secreted by mast cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secreted by plasma cells. In addition, we found that MSCs combined with TCM had a better therapeutic effect than TCM alone on AR in an OVA-induced mouse model. After OVA induction, MSCs combined with TCM significantly reduced the ratio of T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17, but increased the proportion of Treg in the spleen of mice. Consistently, the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 were significantly decreased, but transforming growth factor-β1 was significantly increased in the plasma of AR mice after treated with TCM and MSCs. Our results from both rats and mice indicated that the effects of TCM combined with MSCs on the AR might be through regulating the secretion of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. This study suggested that TCM (qi-fang-bi-min-tang)-treated MSCs could be used in the clinical therapy of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Fu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua University-Perking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory, The Key Institute of state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youlin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory, The Key Institute of state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
IgE are absolutely required for initiation of allergy reactions, which affect over 20% of the world's population. IgE are the least prevalent immunoglobulins in circulation with 12-h and 2-day half-lives in mouse and human serum, respectively, but an extended tissue half-life of 3-weeks bound to the surface of mast cells by the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI (Gould and Sutton 2008). Although the importance of glycosylation to IgG biology is well established, less is known regarding the contribution of IgE glycosylation to allergic inflammation. IgE has seven and nine N-linked glycosylation sites distributed across human and murine constant chains, respectively. Here we discuss studies that have analyzed IgE glycosylation and its function, and how IgE glycosylation contributions to health and disease.
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237
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Wei L, Pavlovic V, Bansal AT, Chen X, Foster GR, He H, Kao JH, Lampertico P, Liaw YF, Motoc A, Papatheodoridis GV, Piratvisuth T, Plesniak R, Wat C. Genetic variation in FCER1A predicts peginterferon alfa-2a-induced hepatitis B surface antigen clearance in East Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:1040-1049. [PMID: 30972912 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a multicentre, genome-wide association study to identify host genetic factors associated with treatment response in adult chronic hepatitis B patients, genotype data were obtained by microarray analysis from 1669 patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a for ≥ 24 weeks with/without a nucleos(t)ide analog. Treatment response was assessed at least 24 weeks post-treatment, using serological and/or virological endpoints. Thirty-six single-marker analyses and a gene-by-gene analysis were conducted. No single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) achieved genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8 ) in single-marker analyses, but suggestive associations (P < 1 × 10-5 ) were identified for 116 SNPs. In gene-by-gene analyses, one gene, FCER1A (rs7549785), reached genome-wide significance (P = 2.65 × 10-8 ) in East Asian patients for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, with a moderate effect size (odds ratio = 4.74). Eleven of 44 carriers (25%) of the A allele at rs7549785 achieved HBsAg clearance compared with 69/1051 (7%) noncarriers. FCER1A encodes the alpha subunit of the immunoglobulin E receptor. In a post hoc analysis of a homogenous patient subset, the strongest intragenic association was for rs7712322 (POLR3G, P = 7.21 × 10-7 ). POLR3G encodes the G subunit of the polymerase (RNA) III enzyme, involved in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses, and as a DNA sensor in innate immune responses. FCER1A (rs7549785) and possibly POLR3G (rs7712322) are shown to be associated with peginterferon alfa-2a response in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B. Independent confirmation of these findings is warranted (clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01855997).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Graham R Foster
- Queen Mary's University of London, Bart's and The London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hua He
- Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- AM & A Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yun-Fan Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adriana Motoc
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Hospital 'Dr. Victor Babes', Bucharest, Romania
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Teerha Piratvisuth
- NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Robert Plesniak
- Clinical Department Of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Łańcut, Poland
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238
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Leffler J, Read JF, Jones AC, Mok D, Hollams EM, Laing IA, Le Souef PN, Sly PD, Kusel MMH, de Klerk NH, Bosco A, Holt PG, Strickland DH. Progressive increase of FcεRI expression across several PBMC subsets is associated with atopy and atopic asthma within school-aged children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:646-653. [PMID: 30985951 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific IgE binds the Fcε receptor I (FcεRI) expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Activation of FcεRI on DCs in atopics has been shown to modulate immune responses that potentially contribute to asthma development. However, the extent to which DC subsets differ in FcεRI expression between atopic children with or without asthma is currently not clear. This study aimed to analyse the expression of FcεRI on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from atopic children with and without asthma, and non-atopic/non-asthmatic age-matched healthy controls. METHODS We performed multiparameter flow cytometry on PBMC from 391 children across three community cohorts and one clinical cohort based in Western Australia. RESULTS We confirmed expression of FcεRI on basophils, monocytes, plasmacytoid and conventional DCs, with higher proportions of all cell populations expressing FcεRI in atopic compared to non-atopic children. Further, we observed that levels of FcεRI expression were elevated across plasmacytoid and conventional DC as well as basophils in atopic asthmatic compared to atopic non-asthmatic children also after adjusting for serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the expression pattern of FcεRI on DC and basophils differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic atopic children. Given the significant immune modulatory effects observed as a consequence of FcεRI expression, this altered expression pattern is likely to contribute to asthma pathology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James F Read
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anya C Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danny Mok
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elysia M Hollams
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter N Le Souef
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merci M H Kusel
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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239
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Bucaite G, Kang-Pettinger T, Moreira J, Gould HJ, James LK, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Interplay between Affinity and Valency in Effector Cell Degranulation: A Model System with Polcalcin Allergens and Human Patient-Derived IgE Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1693-1700. [PMID: 31462504 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An allergic reaction is rapidly generated when allergens bind and cross-link IgE bound to its receptor FcεRI on effector cells, resulting in cell degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators. The extent of effector cell activation is linked to allergen affinity, oligomeric state, valency, and spacing of IgE-binding epitopes on the allergen. Whereas most of these observations come from studies using synthetic allergens, in this study we have used Timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 7 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 4 to study these effects. Despite the high homology of these polcalcin family allergens, Phl p 7 and Bet v 4 display different binding characteristics toward two human patient-derived polcalcin-specific IgE Abs. We have used native polcalcin dimers and engineered multimeric allergens to test the effects of affinity and oligomeric state on IgE binding and effector cell activation. Our results indicate that polcalcin multimers are required to stimulate high levels of effector cell degranulation when using the humanized RBL-SX38 cell model and that multivalency can overcome the need for high-affinity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Bucaite
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Kang-Pettinger
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jorge Moreira
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa K James
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; .,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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240
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Engeroff P, Caviezel F, Mueller D, Thoms F, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. CD23 provides a noninflammatory pathway for IgE-allergen complexes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:301-311.e4. [PMID: 31437490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by allergen-specific IgE, which sensitizes the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI on mast cells and basophils and drives allergic inflammation upon secondary allergen contact. CD23/FcεRII, the low-affinity receptor for IgE, is constitutively expressed on B cells and has been shown to regulate immune responses. Simultaneous binding of IgE to FcεRI and CD23 is blocked by reciprocal allosteric inhibition, suggesting that the 2 receptors exert distinct roles in IgE handling. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study how free IgE versus precomplexed IgE-allergen immune complexes (IgE-ICs) target the 2 IgE receptors FcεRI and CD23, and we investigated the functional implications of the 2 pathways. METHODS We performed binding and activation assays with human cells in vitro and IgE pharmacokinetics and anaphylaxis experiments in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that FcεRI preferentially binds free IgE and CD23 preferentially binds IgE-ICs. We further show that those different binding properties directly translate to distinct biological functions: free IgE initiated allergic inflammation through FcεRI on allergic effector cells, while IgE-ICs were noninflammatory because of reduced FcεRI binding and enhanced CD23-dependent serum clearance. CONCLUSION We propose that IgE-ICs are noninflammatory through reduced engagement by FcεRI but increased targeting of the CD23 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Engeroff
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Caviezel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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241
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Han X, Cao M, Wu M, Wang YJ, Yu C, Zhang C, Yu H, Wei JF, Li L, Huang W. A paper-based chemiluminescence immunoassay device for rapid and high-throughput detection of allergen-specific IgE. Analyst 2019; 144:2584-2593. [PMID: 30830127 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fast and precise detection of potential allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is imperative for the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of allergic diseases. In this study, we have successfully fabricated a novel paper-based immunoassay device for the detection of sIgE in allergic diseases. We used Can f 1, one of the main dog allergens, as a model allergen to detect sIgE in human sera. To achieve excellent performance, the experimental parameters were optimized. Further, we extended this device for potential applications in the clinical diagnosis of allergic diseases: worthwhile clinical performance in the detection of allergens was achieved as compared to that achieved by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Therefore, it was proven that this strategy has the advantages of high-throughput, rapid, sensitive, and highly accurate detection of trace amounts of sIgEs. Furthermore, by simply changing the antigen and antibody, this device could be used for the high-throughput detection of other allergens, so as to achieve multiallergen detection and appropriate desensitization therapy, thereby making it promising in the determination of allergic diseases in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
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242
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Cha KJ, Kashif A, Hong MH, Kim G, Lee JS, Kim IS. Poncirus Trifoliata (L.) Raf. Extract Inhibits the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions in Human Keratinocytes and NC/Nga mice. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1116-1122. [PMID: 31523174 PMCID: PMC6743280 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-allergic effect of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (PT) on human keratinocytic HaCaT cells in vitro and on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions in vivo. The release of TARC, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 is increased by IFN-γ and TNF-α in HaCaT cells, and PT extract suppressed the increased production of TARC, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8. PT extract recovered the expression of filaggrin decreased by IFN-γ and TNF-α. in vivo experiment, PT administration decreased the skin severity score, thickening of the epidermis, movement of inflammatory cells into the dermis, and serum IgE level as compared to DNCB treatment. Moreover, the decrease of filaggrin and loricrin induced by DNCB treatment was recovered by PT administration. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in mouse splenocytes increased after treatment with concanavalin A, and the secretions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin were lower in the PT-treated group than in the DNCB group. These findings may indicate that PT is useful in drug development for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jae Cha
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Min Hwa Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Geunyeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, 54538
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
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243
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Gould HJ, Wu YCB. IgE repertoire and immunological memory: compartmental regulation and antibody function. Int Immunol 2019; 30:403-412. [PMID: 30053010 PMCID: PMC6116883 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now generally recognized that bone marrow is the survival niche for antigen-specific plasma cells with long-term immunological memory. These cells release antibodies into the circulation, needed to prime effector cells in the secondary immune response. These antibodies participate in the surveillance for antigen and afford immune defence against pathogens and toxins previously encountered in the primary immune response. IgE antibodies function together with their effector cells, mast cells, to exert 'immediate hypersensitivity' in mucosal tissues at the front line of immune defence. The constant supply of IgE antibodies from bone marrow plasma cells allows the rapid 'recall response' by mast cells upon re-exposure to antigen even after periods of antigen absence. The speed and sensitivity of the IgE recall response and potency of the effector cell functions are advantageous in the early detection and elimination of pathogens and toxins at the sites of attack. Local antigen provocation also stimulates de novo synthesis of IgE or its precursors of other isotypes that undergo IgE switching in the mucosa. This process, however, introduces a delay before mast cells can be sensitized and resume activity; this is terminated shortly after the antigen is eliminated. Recent results from adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing of immunoglobulin genes suggest that the mucosal IgE+ plasmablasts, which have undergone affinity maturation in the course of their evolution in vivo, are a source of long-lived IgE+ plasma cells in the bone marrow that are already fully functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre in Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Asthma UK Center in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Yu-Chang Bryan Wu
- Randall Centre in Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Asthma UK Center in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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244
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Lua WH, Su CTT, Yeo JY, Poh JJ, Ling WL, Phua SX, Gan SKE. Role of the IgE variable heavy chain in FcεRIα and superantigen binding in allergy and immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:514-523.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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245
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Li X, Wang N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Species Specificity on Interaction between IgE and FcεRI. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:690-695. [PMID: 31258078 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190619122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases at present, it is imperative to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for allergic diseases. In this process, the binding of IgE and FcεRI on effector cells plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. However, the species specificity of the interaction between IgE and FcεRI has not been clearly explained. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism in the allergic reaction of IgE and FcεRI and summarized the species specificity between IgE and FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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246
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Dall'Antonia F, Keller W. SPADE web service for prediction of allergen IgE epitopes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:W496-W501. [PMID: 31066444 PMCID: PMC6602491 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific interaction of allergens with IgE antibodies and the allergen mediated cross-linking of receptor-bound IgE are key events of allergic diseases. The elucidation of the IgE binding sites (the epitopes) on the allergen surface is an important goal of allergy research. Only few allergen-specific IgE epitopes have been determined experimentally to date. Epitope prediction methods represent a viable alternative to experimental methods and have worked well with linear epitopes. However, as most IgE epitopes are of conformational and/or discontinuous nature sequence based prediction methods have had limited success in these cases. Here, we present the web server of the program SPADE (https://spade.uni-graz.at), which is the server implementation of a previously published program (1). In this approach we utilize the structural homology of cross-reactive allergens combined with the immunological cross-reactivity data for the discrimination of putative IgE-binding sites from non-cross-reactive surface patches. The method, although predictive, does not rely on machine-learning algorithms and does not require training data. The SPADE server features an easy-to-use interface, an automated pipeline consisting of third-party, as well as own, newly developed routines and a comprehensive output page.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
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247
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Moñino‐Romero S, Lexmond WS, Singer J, Bannert C, Amoah AS, Yazdanbakhsh M, Boakye DA, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Fiebiger E, Szépfalusi Z. Soluble FcɛRI: A biomarker for IgE-mediated diseases. Allergy 2019; 74:1381-1384. [PMID: 30725474 PMCID: PMC6766993 DOI: 10.1111/all.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherezade Moñino‐Romero
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Willem S. Lexmond
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Josef Singer
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Krems Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems an der Donau Austria
| | - Christina Bannert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Abena S. Amoah
- Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A. Boakye
- Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon‐Accra Ghana
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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248
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Paiva Ferreira LKD, Paiva Ferreira LAM, Monteiro TM, Bezerra GC, Bernardo LR, Piuvezam MR. Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105718. [PMID: 31255882 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concept of "one airway - one disease" or "unified airway disease ". The upper and lower airway inflammation characterizes allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively and both diseases have shown an intimate connection in their genesis, coexistence and similarities as triggered by the same etiological agents; the same inflammatory cell profile and share therapeutic treatment. This review highlights the concept of CARAS by its phenotype, endotype and biomarker classification. Indeed, rhinitis is divided into four major phenotypes: allergic rhinitis; infectious rhinitis; non-infective/non-allergic rhinitis and mixed rhinitis. On the other hand, asthma has no common consensus yet; however, the most accepted classification is based on the stage of life (early- or late- onset asthma) in which the clinical symptoms are presented. Experimental researches where animals develop a syndrome similar to CARAS have been contributed to better understand the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify current terms related to CARAS as definition, phenotypes, endotypes/biomarkers, physiopathology and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laércia K D Paiva Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa A M Paiva Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Talissa M Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Costa Bezerra
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Bernardo
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation of Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Piuvezam
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation of Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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249
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Fu L, Wang C, Zhu Y, Wang Y. Seafood allergy: Occurrence, mechanisms and measures. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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250
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Saunders SP, Ma EGM, Aranda CJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31105687 PMCID: PMC6498404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific antibodies, and memory B cells that rapidly respond to antigen re-exposure by generating new plasma cells and memory B cells. Developing effective immunological memory is essential for protection against pathogens, and is the basis of successful vaccinations. IgE responses have evolved for protection against helminth parasites infections and against toxins, but IgE is also a potent mediator of allergic diseases. There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in recent decades and this has provided the impetus to study the nature of IgE antibody responses. As will be discussed in depth in this review, the IgE memory response has unique features that distinguish it from classical B cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica G M Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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