201
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Hu DD, Mai JN, He LY, Li PQ, Chen WX, Yan JJ, Zhu WD, Deng L, Wei D, Liu DH, Yang SD, Yao ZB. Glucocorticoids Prevent Enterovirus 71 Capsid Protein VP1 Induced Calreticulin Surface Exposure by Alleviating Neuronal ER Stress. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:204-217. [PMID: 27848175 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) always accompanies with inflammation and neuronal damage in the central nervous system (CNS). During neuronal injuries, cell surface-exposed calreticulin (Ecto-CRT) is an important mediator for primary phagocytosis of viable neurons by microglia. Our data confirmed that brainstem neurons underwent neuronophagia by glia in EV71-induced death cases of HFMD. EV71 capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, or VP4 did not induce apoptosis of brainstem neurons. Interestingly, we found VP1-activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy could promote Ecto-CRT upregulation, but ER stress or autophagy alone was not sufficient to induce CRT exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that VP1-induced autophagy activation was mediated by ER stress. Meaningfully, we found dexamethasone treatment could attenuate Ecto-CRT upregulation by alleviating VP1-induced ER stress. Altogether, these findings identify VP1-promoted Ecto-CRT upregulation as a novel mechanism of EV71-induced neuronal cell damage and highlight the potential of the use of glucocorticoids to treat severe HFMD patients with CNS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Hu
- Department of Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ning Mai
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ya He
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Qing Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Jiang Yan
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Deng
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Di-Hui Liu
- United Family Healthcare Guangzhou Clinic, Guangzhou, 510600, China
| | - Si-Da Yang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Yao
- Department of Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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202
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Chacon JA, Schutsky K, Powell DJ. The Impact of Chemotherapy, Radiation and Epigenetic Modifiers in Cancer Cell Expression of Immune Inhibitory and Stimulatory Molecules and Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:E43. [PMID: 27854240 PMCID: PMC5192363 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic destabilizers, such as radiation and chemotherapy, and epigenetic modifiers are used for the treatment of cancer due to their apoptotic effects on the aberrant cells. However, these therapies may also induce widespread changes within the immune system and cancer cells, which may enable tumors to avoid immune surveillance and escape from host anti-tumor immunity. Genomic destabilizers can induce immunogenic death of tumor cells, but also induce upregulation of immune inhibitory ligands on drug-resistant cells, resulting in tumor progression. While administration of immunomodulatory antibodies that block the interactions between inhibitory receptors on immune cells and their ligands on tumor cells can mediate cancer regression in a subset of treated patients, it is crucial to understand how genomic destabilizers alter the immune system and malignant cells, including which inhibitory molecules, receptors and/or ligands are upregulated in response to genotoxic stress. Knowledge gained in this area will aid in the rational design of trials that combine genomic destabilizers, epigenetic modifiers and immunotherapeutic agents that may be synergized to improve clinical responses and prevent tumor escape from the immune system. Our review article describes the impact genomic destabilizers, such as radiation and chemotherapy, and epigenetic modifiers have on anti-tumor immunity and the tumor microenvironment. Although genomic destabilizers cause DNA damage on cancer cells, these therapies can also have diverse effects on the immune system, promote immunogenic cell death or survival and alter the cancer cell expression of immune inhibitor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Chacon
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Keith Schutsky
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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203
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Abstract
Immunogenicity depends on two key factors: antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The presence of exogenous or mutated antigens explains why infected cells and malignant cells can initiate an adaptive immune response provided that the cells also emit adjuvant signals as a consequence of cellular stress and death. Several infectious pathogens have devised strategies to control cell death and limit the emission of danger signals from dying cells, thereby avoiding immune recognition. Similarly, cancer cells often escape immunosurveillance owing to defects in the molecular machinery that underlies the release of endogenous adjuvants. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms that underlie the activation of immune responses against dying cells and their pathophysiological relevance.
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204
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Gebremeskel S, Johnston B. Concepts and mechanisms underlying chemotherapy induced immunogenic cell death: impact on clinical studies and considerations for combined therapies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41600-19. [PMID: 26486085 PMCID: PMC4747176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has historically been thought to induce cancer cell death in an immunogenically silent manner. However, recent studies have demonstrated that therapeutic outcomes with specific chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. anthracyclines) correlate strongly with their ability to induce a process of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells. This process generates a series of signals that stimulate the immune system to recognize and clear tumor cells. Extensive studies have revealed that chemotherapy-induced ICD occurs via the exposure/release of calreticulin (CALR), ATP, chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This review provides an in-depth look into the concepts and mechanisms underlying CALR exposure, activation of the Toll-like receptor 3/IFN/CXCL10 axis, and the release of ATP and HMGB1 from dying cancer cells. Factors that influence the impact of ICD in clinical studies and the design of therapies combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gebremeskel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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205
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Lo CS, Sanii S, Kroeger DR, Milne K, Talhouk A, Chiu DS, Rahimi K, Shaw PA, Clarke BA, Nelson BH. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Ovarian Cancer Results in Three Patterns of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Response with Distinct Implications for Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:925-934. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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206
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Zhou H, Sauvat A, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Durand S, Forveille S, Iribarren K, Yamazaki T, Souquere S, Bezu L, Müller K, Leduc M, Liu P, Zhao L, Marabelle A, Zitvogel L, Rekdal Ø, Kepp O, Kroemer G. The oncolytic compound LTX-401 targets the Golgi apparatus. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:2031-2041. [PMID: 27588704 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LTX-401 is an oncolytic amino acid derivative with potential immunogenic properties. Here, we demonstrate that LTX-401 selectively destroys the structure of the Golgi apparatus, as determined by means of ultrastructural analyses and fluorescence microscopic observation of cells expressing Golgi-targeted GFP reporters. Subcellular fractionation followed by mass spectrometric detection revealed that LTX-401 selectively enriched in the Golgi rather than in mitochondria or in the cytosol. The Golgi-dissociating agent Brefeldin A (BFA) reduced cell killing by LTX-401 as it partially inhibited LTX-401-induced mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and the activation of BAX. The cytotoxic effect of LTX-401 was attenuated by the double knockout of BAX and BAK, as well as the mitophagy-enforced depletion of mitochondria, yet was refractory to caspase inhibition. LTX-401 induced all major hallmarks of immunogenic cell death detectable with biosensor cell lines including calreticulin exposure, ATP release, HMGB1 exodus and a type-1 interferon response. Moreover, LTX-401-treated tumors manifested a strong lymphoid infiltration. Altogether these results support the contention that LTX-401 can stimulate immunogenic cell death through a pathway in which Golgi-localized LTX-401 operates upstream of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Lígia C Gomes-da-Silva
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Sabrina Forveille
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France CNRS, UMR9196, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Kevin Müller
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94276, France.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Oslo 0349, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif 94805, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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207
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Beyranvand Nejad E, van der Sluis TC, van Duikeren S, Yagita H, Janssen GM, van Veelen PA, Melief CJM, van der Burg SH, Arens R. Tumor Eradication by Cisplatin Is Sustained by CD80/86-Mediated Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6017-6029. [PMID: 27569212 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are immunogenic, stimulating tumor immunity through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Here we show how the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin modulates tumor immunity. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), cisplatin cured 50% of mice with established murine TC-1 or C3 tumors, which are preclinical models of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer. Notably, the curative benefit of cisplatin relied entirely upon induction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that cisplatin stimulated tumor infiltration of inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) expressing relatively higher levels of the T-cell costimulatory ligands CD70, CD80, and CD86. Cell death triggered by cisplatin was associated with the release of at least 19 proteins in the tumor environment that could act as damage-associated molecular patterns and upregulate costimulatory molecules, either alone or in concert, but the responsible proteins remain unknown. Essentially, the curative effect of cisplatin was abrogated in mice lacking expression of CD80 and CD86 on APCs. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment was improved by CTLA-4 blockade, which increases the availability of CD80/86 to bind to CD28. In contrast, there was no effect of CD27 stimulation, which replaces CD70 interaction. At the cisplatin MTD, cure rates could also be increased by vaccination with synthetic long peptides, whereas cures could also be achieved at similar rates at 80% of the MTD with reduced side effects. Our findings reveal an essential basis for the immunogenic properties of cisplatin, which are mediated by the induction of costimulatory signals for CD8+ T-cell-dependent tumor destruction. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6017-29. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Beyranvand Nejad
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tetje C van der Sluis
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Duikeren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George M Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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208
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The rationale for including immune checkpoint inhibition into multimodal primary treatment concepts of head and neck cancer. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2016; 1:8. [PMID: 31093338 PMCID: PMC6460729 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-016-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains unsatisfactory. Although the addition of concurrent radiochemotherapy (RCT) or the combination of radiotherapy with blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved outcomes over radiotherapy alone, further optimization is urgently needed. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors is currently revolutionizing cancer treatment. Clinical evidence has recently been provided in melanoma that immune checkpoint blockade may cooperate with radiation. Therefore, we searched in the literature for the evidence of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiotherapy in primary treatment of SCCHN. Discussion A substantial amount of previous studies has dissected the molecular mechanisms of immune evasion in SCCHN. The biological effects of radio- and chemotherapy in tumor cells and the immune cell microenvironment were characterized in detail, revealing significant interference of both types of treatment with anti-tumor immunity. This extensive review of the literature revealed considerable amount of evidence that addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors might boost the immunomodulatory potential of radiotherapy and RCT regimens in SCCHN. Summary Promising activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors has already been reported for metastatic/recurrent SCCHN. Given the immunogenic effect of radiotherapy and its enhancement by chemotherapy, combination of radiotherapy or RCT with this new type of immunotherapy might represent a valuable option for improvement of curative treatment modalities in SCCHN.
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209
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Terenzi A, Pirker C, Keppler BK, Berger W. Anticancer metal drugs and immunogenic cell death. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:71-79. [PMID: 27350082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics, but also innovative precision anticancer compounds, are commonly perceived to target primarily the cancer cell compartment. However, recently it was discovered that some of these compounds can also exert immunomodulatory activities which might be exploited to synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. One specific phenomenon of the interplay between chemotherapy and the anticancer immune response is the so-called "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). ICD was discovered based on a vaccination effect exerted by cancer cells dying from pretreatment with certain chemotherapeutics, termed ICD inducers, in syngeneic transplantation mouse models. Interestingly, only a minority of drugs is able to trigger ICD without a clear-cut relation to chemical structures or their primary modes-of-action. Nevertheless, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are clearly linked to ICD. With regard to metal drugs, oxaliplatin but not cisplatin is considered a bona fide ICD inducer. Taken into account that several experimental metal compounds are efficient ROS and ER stress mediators, presence of potent ICD inducers within the plethora of novel metal complexes seems feasible and has occasionally been reported. In the light of recent successes in cancer immunotherapy, here we review existing literature regarding anticancer metal drugs and ICD induction. We recommend a more profound investigation of the immunogenic features of experimental anticancer metal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Terenzi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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210
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Böhm S, Montfort A, Pearce OMT, Topping J, Chakravarty P, Everitt GLA, Clear A, McDermott JR, Ennis D, Dowe T, Fitzpatrick A, Brockbank EC, Lawrence AC, Jeyarajah A, Faruqi AZ, McNeish IA, Singh N, Lockley M, Balkwill FR. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Modulates the Immune Microenvironment in Metastases of Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3025-36. [PMID: 27306793 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on immune activation in stage IIIC/IV tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), and its relationship to treatment response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We obtained pre- and posttreatment omental biopsies and blood samples from a total of 54 patients undergoing platinum-based NACT and 6 patients undergoing primary debulking surgery. We measured T-cell density and phenotype, immune activation, and markers of cancer-related inflammation using IHC, flow cytometry, electrochemiluminescence assays, and RNA sequencing and related our findings to the histopathologic treatment response. RESULTS There was evidence of T-cell activation in omental biopsies after NACT: CD4(+) T cells showed enhanced IFNγ production and antitumor Th1 gene signatures were increased. T-cell activation was more pronounced with good response to NACT. The CD8(+) T-cell and CD45RO(+) memory cell density in the tumor microenvironment was unchanged after NACT but biopsies showing a good therapeutic response had significantly fewer FoxP3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells. This finding was supported by a reduction in a Treg cell gene signature in post- versus pre-NACT samples that was more pronounced in good responders. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines decreased in all patients after NACT. However, a high proportion of T cells in biopsies expressed immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA4, and PD-L1 levels were significantly increased after NACT. CONCLUSIONS NACT may enhance host immune response but this effect is tempered by high/increased levels of PD-1, CTLA4, and PD-L1. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy may improve disease control in advanced HGSC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3025-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Böhm
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Montfort
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver M T Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Topping
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics Core, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma L A Everitt
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clear
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie R McDermott
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Ennis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dowe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elly C Brockbank
- Gynaecological Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arjun Jeyarajah
- Gynaecological Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Z Faruqi
- Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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211
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Pitt JM, Marabelle A, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: removing obstruction to anticancer immune responses and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1482-92. [PMID: 27069014 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 689] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral part of cancer. Recognition of the essential nature of the TME in cancer evolution has led to a shift from a tumor cell-centered view of cancer development to the concept of a complex tumor ecosystem that supports tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Accordingly, novel targets within the TME have been uncovered that can help direct and improve the actions of various cancer therapies, notably immunotherapies that work by potentiating host antitumor immune responses. Here, we review the composition of the TME, how this attenuates immunosurveillance, and discuss existing and potential strategies aimed at targeting cellular and molecular TME components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pitt
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex
| | - A Marabelle
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif
| | - A Eggermont
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif
| | - J-C Soria
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, Villejuif Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Zitvogel
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U932, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
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212
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Garg AD, Agostinis P. Editorial: Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer: From Benchside Research to Bedside Reality. Front Immunol 2016; 7:110. [PMID: 27066003 PMCID: PMC4810155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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213
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Eggleton P, Bremer E, Dudek E, Michalak M. Calreticulin, a therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1137-47. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1164695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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214
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The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 triggers immunogenic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2134. [PMID: 26962684 PMCID: PMC4823948 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LTX-315 is a cationic amphilytic peptide that preferentially permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes, thereby causing partially BAX/BAK1-regulated, caspase-independent necrosis. Based on the observation that intratumorally injected LTX-315 stimulates a strong T lymphocyte-mediated anticancer immune response, we investigated whether LTX-315 may elicit the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), namely (i) exposure of calreticulin on the plasma membrane surface, (ii) release of ATP into the extracellular space, (iii) exodus of HMGB1 from the nucleus, and (iv) induction of a type-1 interferon response. Using a panel of biosensor cell lines and robotized fluorescence microscopy coupled to automatic image analysis, we observed that LTX-315 induces all known ICD characteristics. This conclusion was validated by several independent methods including immunofluorescence stainings (for calreticulin), bioluminescence assays (for ATP), immunoassays (for HMGB1), and RT-PCRs (for type-1 interferon induction). When injected into established cancers, LTX-315 caused a transiently hemorrhagic focal necrosis that was accompanied by massive release of HMGB1 (from close-to-all cancer cells), as well as caspase-3 activation in a fraction of the cells. LTX-315 was at least as efficient as the positive control, the anthracycline mitoxantrone (MTX), in inducing local inflammation with infiltration by myeloid cells and T lymphocytes. Collectively, these results support the idea that LTX-315 can induce ICD, hence explaining its capacity to mediate immune-dependent therapeutic effects.
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215
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Combining antibody–drug conjugates and immune-mediated cancer therapy: What to expect? Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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216
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Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:690-714. [PMID: 26678337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1085] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in the clinical practice, accumulating evidence indicates that the efficacy of conventional and targeted anticancer agents does not only involve direct cytostatic/cytotoxic effects, but also relies on the (re)activation of tumor-targeting immune responses. Chemotherapy can promote such responses by increasing the immunogenicity of malignant cells, or by inhibiting immunosuppressive circuitries that are established by developing neoplasms. These immunological "side" effects of chemotherapy are desirable, and their in-depth comprehension will facilitate the design of novel combinatorial regimens with improved clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, 94805 Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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217
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Abstract
The great preclinical promise of the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders and cancers is marred by pancreatic injury and diabetic syndrome observed in PERK knockout mice and humans lacking PERK function and suffering from Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. PERK mediates many of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced events, including degradation of the type 1 interferon (IFN) receptor IFNAR1 in vitro. Here we report that whole-body or pancreas-specific Perk ablation in mice leads to an increase in IFNAR1 protein levels and signaling in pancreatic tissues. Concurrent IFNAR1 deletion attenuated the loss of PERK-deficient exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissues and prevented the development of diabetes. Experiments using pancreas-specific Perk knockouts, bone marrow transplantation, and cultured pancreatic islets demonstrated that stabilization of IFNAR1 and the ensuing increased IFN signaling in pancreatic tissues represents a major driver of injury triggered by Perk loss. Neutralization of IFNAR1 prevented pancreatic toxicity of PERK inhibitor, indicating that blocking the IFN pathway can mitigate human genetic disorders associated with PERK deficiency and help the clinical use of PERK inhibitors.
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218
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Garg AD, Galluzzi L, Apetoh L, Baert T, Birge RB, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Breckpot K, Brough D, Chaurio R, Cirone M, Coosemans A, Coulie PG, De Ruysscher D, Dini L, de Witte P, Dudek-Peric AM, Faggioni A, Fucikova J, Gaipl US, Golab J, Gougeon ML, Hamblin MR, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Land WG, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Mattarollo SR, Maueroder C, Merendino N, Multhoff G, Pabst T, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Romano E, Rufo N, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Vacchelli E, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberk L, Van den Eynde BJ, Van Gool S, Velotti F, Zitvogel L, Agostinis P. Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Immunol 2015; 6:588. [PMID: 26635802 PMCID: PMC4653610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of the so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- U866, INSERM , Dijon , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Centre Georges François Leclerc , Dijon , France
| | - Thais Baert
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Cancer Center, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Jette , Belgium
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Ricardo Chaurio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento , Salento , Italy
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center , Helsinki , Finland ; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd. , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - James W Hodge
- Recombinant Vaccine Group, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France ; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Walter G Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMRS1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- IRRCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland , Wooloongabba, QLD , Australia
| | - Christian Maueroder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM, U1065, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires" , Nice , France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Erminia Romano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insitute , Herston, QLD , Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland , Herston, QLD , Australia
| | - Jürgen Sonnemann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Clinic, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lien Vandenberk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; University of Paris Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France ; U1015, INSERM , Villejuif , France ; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507 , Villejuif , France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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219
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Saito RDF, Tortelli TC, Jacomassi MD, Otake AH, Chammas R. Emerging targets for combination therapy in melanomas. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3438-48. [PMID: 26450371 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanomas are often difficult to treat when diagnosed in advanced stages. Melanoma cells adapt to survive in extreme environmental conditions and are among the tumors with larger genomic instability. Here we discuss some intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance of melanoma cells to both conventional and target therapies, such as autophagy, adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic reprogramming, mechanisms of tumor repopulation and the role of extracellular vesicles in this later phenomenon. These biological processes are potentially targetable and thus provide a platform for research and discovery of new drugs for combination therapy to manage melanoma patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tharcísio Citrângulo Tortelli
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara D'Auria Jacomassi
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil.
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220
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Geng W, Lo CM, Ng KT, Ling CC, Qi X, Li CX, Zhai Y, Liu XB, Ma YY, Man K. Interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP10) induced cisplatin resistance of HCC after liver transplantation through ER stress signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28042-56. [PMID: 26336986 PMCID: PMC4695043 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence remains an obstacle after liver surgery, especially in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The acute-phase liver graft injury might potentially induce poor response to chemotherapy in recurrent HCC after liver transplantation. We here intended to explore the mechanism and to identify a therapeutic target to overcome such chemoresistance. The associations among graft injury, overexpression of IP10 and multidrug resistant genes were investigated in a rat liver transplantation model, and further validated in clinical cohort. The role of IP10 on HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth under chemotherapy was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism was revealed by detecting the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathways. Moreover, the effect of IP10 neutralizing antibody sensitizing cisplatin treatment was further explored. In rat liver transplantation model, significant up-regulation of IP10 associated with multidrug resistant genes was found in small-for-size liver graft. Clinically, high expression of circulating IP10 was significant correlated with tumor recurrence in HCC patients underwent LDLT. Overexpression of IP10 promoted HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth under cisplatin treatment by activation of ATF6/Grp78 signaling. IP10 neutralizing antibody sensitized cisplatin treatment in nude mice. The overexpression of IP10, which induced by liver graft injury, may lead to cisplatin resistance via ATF6/Grp78 ER stress signaling pathway. IP10 neutralizing antibody could be a potential adjuvant therapy to sensitize cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chung-Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kevin T.P. Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-Xian Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen-Yuen Ma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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221
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on cancer and immune cells: how can it be modulated to generate novel therapeutic strategies? Future Oncol 2015; 11:2645-2654. [PMID: 26376787 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first objective to use chemotherapy is to kill cancer cells. However, it is common knowledge that these drugs can also damage healthy host cells, especially immune cells, and thus impair the endogenous antitumor response. Here, we focus on the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on tumor cells and immune cells. It is not enough to simply kill cancer cells, and causing immunogenic cell death will impair the adaptive immune system's ability to fight the remaining cancer cells. On the other hand, the killing of immune cells can also enhance tumor growth. A study of the repercussions of the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy is of great importance to evaluate the antitumor response. Strategies can be proposed to promote the 'good way' for cancer cells to die and to avoid the adverse side effects of chemotherapy on immune cells in order to strengthen the role of the immune system in the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 866, Dijon, 21079, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 866, Dijon, 21079, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
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222
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Immunogénicité de la chimiothérapie. ONCOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-015-2543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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223
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Siew YY, Neo SY, Yew HC, Lim SW, Ng YC, Lew SM, Seetoh WG, Seow SV, Koh HL. Oxaliplatin regulates expression of stress ligands in ovarian cancer cells and modulates their susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Int Immunol 2015; 27:621-32. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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224
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Barker HE, Paget JTE, Khan AA, Harrington KJ. The tumour microenvironment after radiotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and recurrence. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:409-25. [PMID: 26105538 PMCID: PMC4896389 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1316] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central part in curing cancer. For decades, most research on improving treatment outcomes has focused on modulating radiation-induced biological effects on cancer cells. Recently, we have better understood that components within the tumour microenvironment have pivotal roles in determining treatment outcomes. In this Review, we describe vascular, stromal and immunological changes that are induced in the tumour microenvironment by irradiation and discuss how these changes may promote radioresistance and tumour recurrence. We also highlight how this knowledge is guiding the development of new treatment paradigms in which biologically targeted agents will be combined with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Barker
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James T. E. Paget
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aadil A. Khan
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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225
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Gatti L, Cassinelli G, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C, Perego P. New mechanisms for old drugs: Insights into DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds and drug resistance determinants. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:1-11. [PMID: 26003720 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum drugs have been widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors. Although DNA has been recognized as the primary cellular target for these agents, there are unresolved issues concerning their effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor efficacy. These cytotoxic agents interact with sub-cellular compartments other than the nucleus. Here, we review how such emerging phenomena contribute to the pharmacologic activity as well as to drug resistance phenotypes. DNA-unrelated effects of platinum drugs involve alterations at the plasma membrane and in endo-lysosomal compartments. A direct interaction with the mitochondria also appears to be implicated in drug-induced cell death. Moreover, the pioneering work of a few groups has shown that platinum drugs can act on the tumor microenvironment as well, and potentiate antitumor activity of the immune system. These poorly understood aspects of platinum drug activity sites may be harnessed to enhance their antitumor efficacy. A complete understanding of DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds might reveal new aspects of drug resistance allowing the implementation of the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of platinum compound-based regimens and minimization of their toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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226
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Bezu L, Gomes-de-Silva LC, Dewitte H, Breckpot K, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Combinatorial strategies for the induction of immunogenic cell death. Front Immunol 2015; 6:187. [PMID: 25964783 PMCID: PMC4408862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is commonly employed to indicate a peculiar instance of regulated cell death (RCD) that engages the adaptive arm of the immune system. The inoculation of cancer cells undergoing ICD into immunocompetent animals elicits a specific immune response associated with the establishment of immunological memory. Only a few agents are intrinsically endowed with the ability to trigger ICD. These include a few chemotherapeutics that are routinely employed in the clinic, like doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, oxaliplatin, and cyclophosphamide, as well as some agents that have not yet been approved for use in humans. Accumulating clinical data indicate that the activation of adaptive immune responses against dying cancer cells is associated with improved disease outcome in patients affected by various neoplasms. Thus, novel therapeutic regimens that trigger ICD are urgently awaited. Here, we discuss current combinatorial approaches to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of RCD into bona fide ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer , Villejuif , France ; Faculté de Medecine, Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Ligia C Gomes-de-Silva
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer , Villejuif , France ; Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Jette , Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Jette , Belgium
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c. , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c. , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer , Villejuif , France ; Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer , Villejuif , France ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic ; Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France
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227
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Kato H, Nishitoh H. Stress responses from the endoplasmic reticulum in cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:93. [PMID: 25941664 PMCID: PMC4403295 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that is essential for multiple cellular functions. During cellular stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation and dysregulation of protein synthesis, unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR also contributes to the regulation of various intracellular signaling pathways such as calcium signaling and lipid signaling. More recently, the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), which is a site of close contact between the ER and mitochondria, has been shown to function as a platform for various intracellular stress responses including apoptotic signaling, inflammatory signaling, the autophagic response, and the UPR. Interestingly, in cancer, these signaling pathways from the ER are often dysregulated, contributing to cancer cell metabolism. Thus, the signaling pathway from the ER may be a novel therapeutic target for various cancers. In this review, we discuss recent research on the roles of stress responses from the ER, including the MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
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228
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Antigen design enhances the immunogenicity of Semliki Forest virus-based therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccines. Gene Ther 2015; 22:560-7. [PMID: 25756550 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular immunity against cancer can be achieved with viral vector- and DNA-based immunizations. In preclinical studies, cancer vaccines are very potent, but in clinical trials these potencies are not achieved yet. Thus, a rational approach to improve cancer vaccines is warranted. We previously demonstrated that the relatively low intrinsic immunogenicity of DNA vaccines could be enhanced by inclusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting and universal helper epitopes within the vaccine. We now evaluated whether an optimal antigen format, as defined in DNA vaccines, can further enhance the effectiveness of recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV) vaccines. To this purpose, we generated, characterized and evaluated the efficacy of rSFV replicon particles expressing human papillomavirus E6 and/or E7 proteins fused to several helper T-cell epitopes and an ER targeting signal. Here, we show that inclusion of a helper cassette and an ER targeting signal enhanced protein stability and markedly augmented the frequencies of human papillomavirus-specific T cells. Even at an immunization dose of as low as 10(5) replicon particles, this novel vaccine achieved tumor regression and protection. Thus, even highly effective viral vector vaccines can benefit from an improved antigen format, based on the inclusion of defined helper epitopes and ER targeting.
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229
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Dudek-Perić AM, Ferreira GB, Muchowicz A, Wouters J, Prada N, Martin S, Kiviluoto S, Winiarska M, Boon L, Mathieu C, van den Oord J, Stas M, Gougeon ML, Golab J, Garg AD, Agostinis P. Antitumor immunity triggered by melphalan is potentiated by melanoma cell surface-associated calreticulin. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1603-14. [PMID: 25762540 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy generally has been considered immunosuppressive, but it has become evident that certain chemotherapeutic drugs elicit immunogenic danger signals in dying cancer cells that can incite protective antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated whether locoregionally applied therapies, such as melphalan, used in limb perfusion for melanoma (Mel-ILP) produce related immunogenic effects. In human melanoma biopsies, Mel-ILP treatment upregulated IL1B, IL8, and IL6 associated with their release in patients' locoregional sera. Although induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by melphalan in vitro did not elicit threshold levels of endoplasmic reticulum and reactive oxygen species stress associated with danger signals, such as induction of cell-surface calreticulin, prophylactic immunization and T-cell depletion experiments showed that melphalan administration in vivo could stimulate a CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective antitumor response. Interestingly, the vaccination effect was potentiated in combination with exogenous calreticulin, but not tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine often combined with Mel-ILP. Our results illustrate how melphalan triggers inflammatory cell death that can be leveraged by immunomodulators such as the danger signal calreticulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Dudek-Perić
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Prada
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaun Martin
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marguerite Stas
- Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lise Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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230
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Kepp O, Semeraro M, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Bloy N, Buqué A, Huang X, Zhou H, Senovilla L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. eIF2α phosphorylation as a biomarker of immunogenic cell death. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 33:86-92. [PMID: 25749194 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exposed to some forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy die while eliciting an adaptive immune response. Such a functionally peculiar variant of apoptosis has been dubbed immunogenic cell death (ICD). One of the central events in the course of ICD is the activation of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. This is instrumental for cells undergoing ICD to emit all the signals that are required for their demise to be perceived as immunogenic by the host, and culminates with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). In particular, eIF2α phosphorylation is required for the pre-apoptotic exposure of the ER chaperone calreticulin (CALR) on the cell surface, which is a central determinant of ICD. Importantly, phosphorylated eIF2α can be quantified in both preclinical and clinical samples by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry using phosphoneoepitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. Of note, the phosphorylation of eIF2α and CALR exposure do not necessarily correlate with each other, and neither of these parameters is sufficient for cell death to be perceived as immunogenic. Nonetheless, accumulating data indicate that assessing the degree of phosphorylation of eIF2α provides a convenient parameter to monitor ICD. Here, we discuss the role of the ER stress response in ICD and the potential value of eIF2α phosphorylation as a biomarker for this clinically relevant variant of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, Paris, France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Xing Huang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Heng Zhou
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
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Pol J, Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Sautès-Fridman C, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunogenic cell death inducers for anticancer chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008866. [PMID: 26137404 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is now employed to indicate a functionally peculiar form of apoptosis that is sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to mount an adaptive immune response against dead cell-associated antigens. Several drugs have been ascribed with the ability to provoke ICD when employed as standalone therapeutic interventions. These include various chemotherapeutics routinely employed in the clinic (e.g., doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin) as well as some anticancer agents that are still under preclinical or clinical development (e.g., some microtubular inhibitors of the epothilone family). In addition, a few drugs are able to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of cell death into bona fide ICD, and may therefore be employed as chemotherapeutic adjuvants within combinatorial regimens. This is the case of cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, and zoledronic acid. Here, we discuss recent developments on anticancer chemotherapy based on ICD inducers.
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Key Words
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EOX, epirubicin plus oxaliplatin plus capecitabine
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FOLFIRINOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus irinotecan plus oxaliplatin
- FOLFOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin
- GEMOX, gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
- XELOX, capecitabine plus oxaliplatin
- antigen-presenting cell
- autophagy
- damage-associated molecular pattern
- dendritic cell
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- type I interferon
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI ; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM , U970 ; Paris, France ; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) ; Paris, France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
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de Bruyn M, Wiersma VR, Helfrich W, Eggleton P, Bremer E. The ever-expanding immunomodulatory role of calreticulin in cancer immunity. Front Oncol 2015; 5:35. [PMID: 25750898 PMCID: PMC4335099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a pleiotropic molecule that normally resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, it has various functions, ranging from regulation of calcium homeostasis to ensuring proper protein folding. More recently, calreticulin gained special interest for its extracellular functions, where it has direct immunomodulatory activity. In this respect, calreticulin activates dendritic cells and macrophages. In addition, certain anti-cancer therapies induce the translocation of calreticulin from the ER to the cell surface of dying cancer cells, where calreticulin dictates the immunogenicity of these cells. Interestingly, treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) also induces membrane calreticulin exposure on cancer cells. As shown here, calreticulin directly interacts with TRAIL and its receptor-signaling complex, as well as with other TNF family members. Of note, TRAIL is a well known immunomodulatory molecule, and is expressed on the surface of natural killer T-cells. Therefore, calreticulin may have an as yet unrecognized wide(r) impact on immunity, with the TNF-ligand family modulating virtually all aspects of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands ; University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , UK
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233
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Wu J, Waxman DJ. Metronomic cyclophosphamide eradicates large implanted GL261 gliomas by activating antitumor Cd8 + T-cell responses and immune memory. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1005521. [PMID: 26137402 PMCID: PMC4485826 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs can induce immunogenic tumor cell death; however, dosing regimens and schedules that enable single-agent chemotherapy to induce adaptive immune-dependent ablation of large, established tumors with activation of long-term immune memory have not been identified. Here, we investigate this issue in a syngeneic, implanted GL261 glioma model in immune-competent mice given cyclophosphamide on a 6-day repeating metronomic schedule. Two cycles of metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment induced sustained upregulation of tumor-associated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and other immune cells. Expression of CTL- and NK–cell-shared effectors peaked on Day 6, and then declined by Day 9 after the second cyclophosphamide injection and correlated inversely with the expression of the regulatory T cell (Treg) marker Foxp3. Sustained tumor regression leading to tumor ablation was achieved after several cyclophosphamide treatment cycles. Tumor ablation required CD8+ T cells, as shown by immunodepletion studies, and was associated with immunity to re-challenge with GL261 glioma cells, but not B16-F10 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Rejection of GL261 tumor re-challenge was associated with elevated CTLs in blood and increased CTL infiltration in tumors, consistent with the induction of long-term, specific CD8+ T-cell anti-GL261 tumor memory. Co-depletion of CD8+ T cells and NK cells did not inhibit tumor regression beyond CD8+ T-cell depletion alone, suggesting that the metronomic cyclophosphamide-activated NK cells function via CD8a+ T cells. Taken together, these findings provide proof-of-concept that single-agent chemotherapy delivered on an optimized metronomic schedule can eradicate large, established tumors and induce long-term immune memory.
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Key Words
- B6, C57BL/6 mouse strain
- CD8+ T cells
- CPA, cyclophosphamide
- CPA-90 and CPA-140, metronomic CPA scheduling at 90 and 140 mg CPA/kg body weight, respectively, repeated every 6 days
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- GL261 glioma
- LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MTD, maximum-tolerated dose
- NK cell, natural killer cell
- NK cells
- PEB, phosphate-EDTA buffer
- chemoimmunotherapy
- chemotherapy
- cyclophosphamide
- drug scheduling
- glioblastoma
- immune memory
- metronomic chemotherapy
- qPCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine; Boston University ; Boston, MA USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine; Boston University ; Boston, MA USA
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234
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Stojanovska V, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Platinum-based chemotherapy: gastrointestinal immunomodulation and enteric nervous system toxicity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G223-32. [PMID: 25501548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer is challenged by severe gastrointestinal side effects, which include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. These symptoms can persist long after the treatment has been ceased. An emerging concept is the ability of platinum-based drugs to stimulate immunity, which is in contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic agents that are immunosuppressive. Here, we review the immunomodulatory aspects of platinum-based anticancer chemotherapeutics and their impact on gastrointestinal innervation. Given the bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal immune system; exploring the consequences of platinum-induced immunogenicity will facilitate better understanding of gut dysfunction caused by chemotherapeutic agents. We propose that the development of future successful chemotherapeutics should rely on targeting the mechanisms underlying long-term gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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235
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Kao CJ, Wurz GT, Lin YC, Vang DP, Griffey SM, Wolf M, DeGregorio MW. Assessing the Effects of Concurrent versus Sequential Cisplatin/Radiotherapy on Immune Status in Lung Tumor-Bearing C57BL/6 Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:741-50. [PMID: 25672395 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent and sequential cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy regimens are standard therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. Recent clinical data suggest that these different dosing schedules may adversely affect antigen-specific immunotherapy. The goal of the present preclinical study was to explore the effects of concurrent and sequential cisplatin/radiotherapy on immune status in a lung cancer mouse model. A total of 150 C57BL/6 mice were randomized into six treatment groups: control; 8 Gy thoracic radiotherapy (dose schedules 1 and 2); cisplatin 2.5 mg/kg i.p.; cisplatin + radiotherapy (concurrent); and cisplatin + radiotherapy (sequential; n = 25, all groups). At the end of the study (week 41), serum cytokines were assessed by multiplex immunoassay, surface markers of spleen-derived lymphocytes were assessed by immunostaining and flow cytometry, lung tumor expression of programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1/2) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and miRNA profiling was performed in serum and lymphocytes by quantitative real-time PCR. Lung whole mounts were prepared to assess treatment effects on lung tumor foci formation. The results showed that sequential chemoradiotherapy (two cycles of cisplatin followed by 8 Gy radiotherapy) had equivalent antitumor activity as concurrent therapy. However, sequential cisplatin/radiotherapy resulted in significant differences in several immune response biomarkers, including regulatory T cells, miR-29c, expression of costimulatory molecule CD28, and serum IFNγ. PD-L1 and PD-L2 were strongly expressed in tumor foci, but no trend was seen between groups. These results suggest that monitoring immune status may be necessary when designing treatment regimens combining immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Jung Kao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Gregory T Wurz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Daniel P Vang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michael Wolf
- ImmunoOncology, Merck Serono Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael W DeGregorio
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
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236
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Concurrent MEK and autophagy inhibition is required to restore cell death associated danger-signalling in Vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:290-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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237
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Wiersma VR, Michalak M, Abdullah TM, Bremer E, Eggleton P. Mechanisms of Translocation of ER Chaperones to the Cell Surface and Immunomodulatory Roles in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Oncol 2015; 5:7. [PMID: 25688334 PMCID: PMC4310273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones (e.g., calreticulin, heat shock proteins, and isomerases) perform a multitude of functions within the ER. However, many of these chaperones can translocate to the cytosol and eventually the surface of cells, particularly during ER stress induced by e.g., drugs, UV irradiation, and microbial stimuli. Once on the cell surface or in the extracellular space, the ER chaperones can take on immunogenic characteristics, as mostly described in the context of cancer, appearing as damage-associated molecular patterns recognized by the immune system. How ER chaperones relocate to the cell surface and interact with other intracellular proteins appears to influence whether a tumor cell is targeted for cell death. The relocation of ER proteins to the cell surface can be exploited to target cancer cells for elimination by immune mechanism. Here we evaluate the evidence for the different mechanisms of ER protein translocation and binding to the cell surface and how ER protein translocation can act as a signal for cancer cells to undergo killing by immunogenic cell death and other cell death pathways. The release of chaperones can also exacerbate underlying autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and the immunomodulatory role of extracellular chaperones as potential cancer immunotherapies requires cautious monitoring, particularly in cancer patients with underlying autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marek Michalak
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter Devon, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter Devon, UK
| | - Paul Eggleton
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter Devon, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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238
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Liu SH, Lee WJ, Lai DW, Wu SM, Liu CY, Tien HR, Chiu CS, Peng YC, Jan YJ, Chao TH, Pan HC, Sheu ML. Honokiol confers immunogenicity by dictating calreticulin exposure, activating ER stress and inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:834-49. [PMID: 25619450 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a major clinical obstacle in gastrointestinal cancer therapy, and it accounts for the majority of cancer-related mortality. Calreticulin (CRT) is over-expressed in gastric tumors and has been linked to poor prognosis. In this study, immunohistochemistry studies revealed that the up-regulation of CRT was associated with lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with gastric cancer specimens. CRT was significantly down-regulated in highly metastatic gastric cancer cell lines and metastatic animal by Honokiol-treated. Small RNA interference blocking CRT by siRNA-CRT was translocated to the cells in the early immunogenic response to Honokiol. Honokiol activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activity resulting in PPARγ and CRT degradation through calpain-II activity, which could be reversed by siRNA-calpain-II. The Calpain-II/PPARγ/CRT axis and interaction evoked by Honokiol could be blocked by gene silencing or pharmacological agents. Both transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced cell migration, invasion and reciprocal down-regulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin, which could be abrogated by siRNA-CRT. Moreover, Honokiol significantly suppressed MNNG-induced gastrointestinal tumor growth and over-expression of CRT in mice. Knockdown CRT in gastric cancer cells was found to effectively reduce growth ability and metastasis in vivo. The present study provides insight into the specific biological behavior of CRT in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Taken together, our results suggest that the therapeutic inhibition of CRT by Honokiol suppresses both gastric tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination by dictating early translocation of CRT in immunogenic cell death, activating ER stress, and blocking EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ru Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shan Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsin Chao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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239
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Pedro JMBS, Buqué A, Senovilla L, Baracco EE, Bloy N, Castoldi F, Abastado JP, Agostinis P, Apte RN, Aranda F, Ayyoub M, Beckhove P, Blay JY, Bracci L, Caignard A, Castelli C, Cavallo F, Celis E, Cerundolo V, Clayton A, Colombo MP, Coussens L, Dhodapkar MV, Eggermont AM, Fearon DT, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Gabrilovich DI, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giaccone G, Gilboa E, Gnjatic S, Hoos A, Hosmalin A, Jäger D, Kalinski P, Kärre K, Kepp O, Kiessling R, Kirkwood JM, Klein E, Knuth A, Lewis CE, Liblau R, Lotze MT, Lugli E, Mach JP, Mattei F, Mavilio D, Melero I, Melief CJ, Mittendorf EA, Moretta L, Odunsi A, Okada H, Palucka AK, Peter ME, Pienta KJ, Porgador A, Prendergast GC, Rabinovich GA, Restifo NP, Rizvi N, Sautès-Fridman C, Schreiber H, Seliger B, Shiku H, Silva-Santos B, Smyth MJ, Speiser DE, Spisek R, Srivastava PK, Talmadge JE, Tartour E, Van Der Burg SH, Van Den Eynde BJ, Vile R, Wagner H, Weber JS, Whiteside TL, Wolchok JD, Zitvogel L, Zou W, Kroemer G. Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies. Oncotarget 2014; 5:12472-508. [PMID: 25537519 PMCID: PMC4350348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into "passive" and "active" based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - José-Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Elisa Elena Baracco
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Abastado
- Pole d'innovation thérapeutique en oncologie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- INSERM, U1102, Saint Herblain, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Equipe 11, Centre Léon Bérard (CLR), Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Bracci
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERM, U1160, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis-Lariboisière - F. Vidal, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Estaban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Lisa Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Sect. of Hematology and Immunobiology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Wolf H. Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Sect. of Hematology/Oncology, Immunology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Glaxo Smith Kline, Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Dept. of Oncology, Karolinska Institute Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Klein
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Knuth
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Claire E. Lewis
- Academic Unit of Inflammation and Tumour Targeting, Dept. of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Dept. of Immunology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Dept. of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelis J. Melief
- ISA Therapeutics, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Research Dept. of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adekunke Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcus E. Peter
- Div. of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - George C. Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naiyer Rizvi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Dept. of Pathology, The Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Dept. of Immuno-GeneTherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Dept. of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pramod K. Srivastava
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James E. Talmadge
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoît J. Van Den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard Vile
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Weber
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Dept. of Medicine and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507 (CICBT507), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Weiping Zou
- University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
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240
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Aranda F, Bloy N, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Senovilla L. Vitamin B6 improves the immunogenicity of cisplatin-induced cell death. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955685. [PMID: 25941619 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that pyridoxine, a precursor of vitamin B6, increases the immunogenicity of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells succumbing to cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP). Accordingly, pyridoxine promoted the antineoplastic activity of CDDP in NSCLC-bearing mice only in the presence of an intact immune system. These findings may have implications for the development of novel strategies to circumvent CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5 ; Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5 ; Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5 ; Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5 ; Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou ; AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM U1015; Villejuif, France
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241
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Abstract
Immune responses occur in the midst of a variety of cellular stresses that can severely perturb endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The unfolded protein response is a three-pronged signaling axis dedicated to preserving ER homeostasis. In this review, we highlight many important and emerging functional roles for ER stress in immunity, focusing on how the bidirectional cross talk between immunological processes and basic cell biology leads to pleiotropic signaling outcomes and enhanced sensitivity to inflammatory stimuli. We also discuss how dysregulated ER stress responses can provoke many diseases, including autoimmunity, firmly positioning the unfolded protein response as a major therapeutic target in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bettigole
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; ,
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242
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O'Brien MA, Power DG, Clover AJP, Bird B, Soden DM, Forde PF. Local tumour ablative therapies: Opportunities for maximising immune engagement and activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:510-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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243
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Dzutsev A, Goldszmid RS, Viaud S, Zitvogel L, Trinchieri G. The role of the microbiota in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and cancer therapy. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:17-31. [PMID: 25328099 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms colonize barrier surfaces of all multicellular organisms, including those of humans. For more than 500 million years, commensal microorganisms and their hosts have coevolved and adapted to each other. As a result, the commensal microbiota affects many immune and nonimmune functions of their hosts, and de facto the two together comprise one metaorganism. The commensal microbiota communicates with the host via biologically active molecules. Recently, it has been reported that microbial imbalance may play a critical role in the development of multiple diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune conditions, and increased susceptibility to infection. In this review, we focus on the role of the commensal microbiota in the development, progression, and immune evasion of cancer, as well as some modulatory effects on the treatment of cancer. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms of microbiota-mediated regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses to tumors, and the consequences on cancer progression and whether tumors subsequently become resistant or susceptible to different anticancer therapeutic regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
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244
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Menger L, Vacchelli E, Kepp O, Eggermont A, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Cardiac glycosides and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23082. [PMID: 23525565 PMCID: PMC3601180 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds sharing the ability to operate as potent inhibitors of the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase, hence promoting—via an indirect mechanism—the intracellular accumulation of Ca2+ ions. In cardiomyocytes, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations exert prominent positive inotropic effects, that is, they increase myocardial contractility. Owing to this feature, two CGs, namely digoxin and digitoxin, have extensively been used in the past for the treatment of several cardiac conditions, including distinct types of arrhythmia as well as contractility disorders. Nowadays, digoxin is approved by the FDA and indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter with rapid ventricular response, whereas the use of digitoxin has been discontinued in several Western countries. Recently, CGs have been suggested to exert potent antineoplastic effects, notably as they appear to increase the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. In this Trial Watch, we summarize the mechanisms that underpin the unsuspected anticancer potential of CGs and discuss the progress of clinical studies that have evaluated/are evaluating the safety and efficacy of CGs for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Menger
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
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245
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Vacchelli E, Senovilla L, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23510. [PMID: 23687621 PMCID: PMC3655739 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that the immune system plays a critical role not only during oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also as established neoplastic lesions respond to therapy. Selected cytotoxic chemicals can indeed elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar type of apoptosis that stimulates tumor-specific cognate immune responses. Such immunogenic chemotherapeutics include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin (which are approved by FDA for the treatment of various hematological and solid malignancies), mitoxantrone (which is currently employed both as an anticancer agent and against multiple sclerosis) and patupilone (a microtubular poison in clinical development). One year ago, in the second issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the scientific rationale behind immunogenic chemotherapy and reviewed the status of recent clinical trials investigating the off-label use of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin and mitoxantrone in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this area of clinical research, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 months and clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the antineoplastic profile of immunogenic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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246
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Kepp O, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Apetoh L, Aranda F, Barnaba V, Bloy N, Bracci L, Breckpot K, Brough D, Buqué A, Castro MG, Cirone M, Colombo MI, Cremer I, Demaria S, Dini L, Eliopoulos AG, Faggioni A, Formenti SC, Fučíková J, Gabriele L, Gaipl US, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giese NA, Guo ZS, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Holdenrieder S, Honeychurch J, Hu HM, Huang X, Illidge TM, Kono K, Korbelik M, Krysko DV, Loi S, Lowenstein PR, Lugli E, Ma Y, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Martins I, Mavilio D, Menger L, Merendino N, Michaud M, Mignot G, Mossman KL, Multhoff G, Oehler R, Palombo F, Panaretakis T, Pol J, Proietti E, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Rovere-Querini P, Rubartelli A, Sistigu A, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Sukkurwala AQ, Tartour E, Thorburn A, Thorne SH, Vandenabeele P, Velotti F, Workenhe ST, Yang H, Zong WX, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955691. [PMID: 25941621 PMCID: PMC4292729 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can trigger a functionally peculiar type of apoptotic demise that does not go unnoticed by the adaptive arm of the immune system, which we named "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). ICD is preceded or accompanied by the emission of a series of immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in a precise spatiotemporal configuration. Several anticancer agents that have been successfully employed in the clinic for decades, including various chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, can elicit ICD. Moreover, defects in the components that underlie the capacity of the immune system to perceive cell death as immunogenic negatively influence disease outcome among cancer patients treated with ICD inducers. Thus, ICD has profound clinical and therapeutic implications. Unfortunately, the gold-standard approach to detect ICD relies on vaccination experiments involving immunocompetent murine models and syngeneic cancer cells, an approach that is incompatible with large screening campaigns. Here, we outline strategies conceived to detect surrogate markers of ICD in vitro and to screen large chemical libraries for putative ICD inducers, based on a high-content, high-throughput platform that we recently developed. Such a platform allows for the detection of multiple DAMPs, like cell surface-exposed calreticulin, extracellular ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and/or the processes that underlie their emission, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and necrotic plasma membrane permeabilization. We surmise that this technology will facilitate the development of next-generation anticancer regimens, which kill malignant cells and simultaneously convert them into a cancer-specific therapeutic vaccine.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATP release
- BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 protein
- CALR, calreticulin
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DiOC6(3), 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide
- EIF2A, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FLT3LG, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
- G3BP1, GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- H2B, histone 2B
- HMGB1
- HMGB1, high mobility group box 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type I
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- PDIA3, protein disulfide isomerase family A
- PI, propidium iodide
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- autophagy
- calreticulin
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- immunotherapy
- member 3
- Δψm, mitochondrial transmembrane potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM; U1015; Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory; Department of Immunology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM; UMR866; Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; Dijon, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Departement of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur; Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Bracci
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT); Department of Biomedical Sciences Medical School of the Free University of Brussels (VUB); Jette, Belgium
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Maria I. Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; CONICET; Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DiSTeBA); University of Salento; Lecce, Italy
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory; Division of Basic Sciences; University of Crete Medical School; Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas; Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology; NewYork University School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Erlangen; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM; UMR866; Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; Dijon, France
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- European Pancreas Center; Department of Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group; Transplantation laboratory; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen, Germany
| | - James W. Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Cancer Studies; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Hong-Min Hu
- Cancer Research and Biotherapy Center; Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiology; Earle A. Chiles Research Institute; Providence Portland Medical Center; Portland, OR USA
| | - Xing Huang
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Tim M. Illidge
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Cancer Studies; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Center; East Melbourne; Victoria, Australia
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan; Rozzano, Italy
| | - Yuting Ma
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Graz, Austria
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1030; Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan; Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laurie Menger
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology; University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute; London, UK
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University; Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michael Michaud
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Gregoire Mignot
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology and Endocrinology, Oniris; Nantes, France
| | - Karen L. Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Center; Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research; McMaster University; Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Palombo
- Departement of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur; Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Pol
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM; U1065; Nice, France
- Equipe “Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires,” Center Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M); Nice, France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis; Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice; Nice, France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology and Subalpine Center for Research and Experimental Medicine (CeRMS); University of Turin; Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino; Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genova, Italy
| | | | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland; Herston, Australia
| | - Juergen Sonnemann
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology; Jena University Hospital, Children's Clinic; Jena, Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Center Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal; Montréal, Canada
| | - Abdul Qader Sukkurwala
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College; Dow University of Health Sciences; Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM; U970; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO USA
| | | | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University; Viterbo, Italy
| | - Samuel T. Workenhe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Center; Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research; McMaster University; Hamilton, Canada
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM; U1015; Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507 (CICBT507); Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- INSERM; U1138; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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247
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Abstract
Recent clinical data have emphatically shown the capacity of our immune systems to eradicate even advanced cancers. Although oncolytic viruses (OVs) were originally designed to function as tumour-lysing therapeutics, they have now been clinically shown to initiate systemic antitumour immune responses. Cell signalling pathways that are activated and promote the growth of tumour cells also favour the growth and replication of viruses within the cancer. The ability to engineer OVs that express immune-stimulating 'cargo', the induction of immunogenic tumour cell death by OVs and the selective targeting of OVs to tumour beds suggests that they are the ideal reagents to enhance antitumour immune responses. Coupling of OV therapy with tumour antigen vaccination, immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy seems to be ready to converge towards a new generation of multimodal therapeutics to improve outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | | | - David F Stojdl
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; and the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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248
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Immune-dependent antineoplastic effects of cisplatin plus pyridoxine in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:3053-62. [PMID: 25065595 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), which is mostly referred to as cisplatin, is a widely used antineoplastic. The efficacy of cisplatin can be improved by combining it with the vitamin B6 precursor pyridoxine. Here, we evaluated the putative synergistic interaction of CDDP with pyridoxine in the treatment of an orthotopic mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CDDP and pyridoxine exhibited hyperadditive therapeutic effects. However, this synergy was only observed in the context of an intact immune system and disappeared when the otherwise successful drug combination was applied to the same NSCLC cancer implanted in the lungs of athymic mice (which lack T lymphocytes). Immunocompetent mice that had been cured from NSCLC by the combined regimen of CDDP plus pyridoxine became resistant against subcutaneous rechallenge with the same (but not with an unrelated) cancer cell line. In vitro, CDDP and pyridoxine did not only cause synergistic killing of NSCLC cells but also elicited signs of immunogenic cell death including an endoplasmic reticulum stress response and exposure of calreticulin at the surface of the NSCLC cells. NSCLC cells treated with CDDP plus pyridoxine in vitro elicited a protective anticancer immune response upon their injection into immunocompetent mice. Altogether, these results suggest that the combined regimen of cisplatin plus pyridoxine mediates immune-dependent antineoplastic effects against NSCLC.
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249
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Michaud M, Xie X, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Zitvogel L, White E, Kroemer G. An autophagy-dependent anticancer immune response determines the efficacy of melanoma chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e944047. [PMID: 25610726 PMCID: PMC4292732 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.944047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample experimental and clinical evidence that chemotherapies are more efficient if they succeed in (re)activating immune surveillance, hence triggering a long-term immune response against residual tumor cells. Most of the preclinical evidence supporting this notion has been obtained with transplantable cancers, for which it has been shown that chemotherapy-induced autophagy in cancer cells is mandatory for the recruitment of myeloid cells into the tumor bed and the subsequent T lymphocyte-mediated reduction in tumor growth. Here, we characterized the chemotherapeutic response of melanomas caused by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen-induced expression of the Cre recombinase in melanocytes that results in the activation of oncogenic Braf together with the inactivation of the tumor suppressor Pten, as well as the optional inactivation of the essential autophagy gene Atg7. Systemic chemotherapy with the anthracycline Mitoxantrone (MTX) reduced the growth of autophagy-competent melanomas (genotype: BrafCa/+; Ptenfl/fl; Atg7+/+), yet failed to affect the progression of autophagy-deficient melanomas (genotype: BrafCa/+; Ptenfl/fl; Atg7fl/fl). The growth-inhibitory effect of MTX on autophagy-competent melanomas was abolished by the combined depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes. In conclusion, it appears that the success of chemotherapy against “spontaneous,” genetically induced cancers is governed by the same rules as those applicable to transplantable tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Michaud
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; INSERM U1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey ; New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; INSERM U1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015 ; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Sud-XI; Faculté de Médecine ; Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France ; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) ; Villejuif, France
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey ; New Brunswick, NJ USA ; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Rutgers University ; Piscataway, NJ USA ; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School ; Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; INSERM U1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou ; Paris, France
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250
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Wattenberg MM, Fahim A, Ahmed MM, Hodge JW. Unlocking the combination: potentiation of radiation-induced antitumor responses with immunotherapy. Radiat Res 2014; 182:126-38. [PMID: 24960415 DOI: 10.1667/rr13374.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the potential for radiation therapy to generate antitumor immune responses. The mechanisms of this immune-activating potential include actions on tumor cells such as immunogenic cell death and phenotypic change. Radiation modulates tumor cell surface expression of cell death receptors, tumor-associated antigens and adhesion molecules. This process of immunomodulation sensitizes tumor cells to immune-mediated killing. Radiation also affects immune compartments, including antigen-presenting cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and humoral immunity, leading to specific antitumor immune responses. Recognizing the importance of immunity as a potentiator of response to radiation leads to rational augmentation of antitumor immunity by combining radiation and immunotherapy. Targeted immunotherapy manipulates the immune system in a way that best synergizes with radiation. This article discusses the ability of radiation monotherapy to induce antitumor immunity, with a focus on the effect of radiation on antigen-presenting cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We define two important responses generated by tumor cells, immunogenic cell death and immunomodulation, both of which are radiation dose-dependent. In conclusion, we describe the translation of several combination therapies from the preclinical to the clinical setting and identify opportunities for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Wattenberg
- a Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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