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Germline predisposition to pediatric Ewing sarcoma is characterized by inherited pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1026-1037. [PMID: 35512711 PMCID: PMC9247831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More knowledge is needed regarding germline predisposition to Ewing sarcoma to inform biological investigation and clinical practice. Here, we evaluated the enrichment of pathogenic germline variants in Ewing sarcoma relative to other pediatric sarcoma subtypes, as well as patterns of inheritance of these variants. We carried out European-focused and pan-ancestry case-control analyses to screen for enrichment of pathogenic germline variants in 141 established cancer predisposition genes in 1,147 individuals with pediatric sarcoma diagnoses (226 Ewing sarcoma, 438 osteosarcoma, 180 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 303 other sarcoma) relative to identically processed cancer-free control individuals. Findings in Ewing sarcoma were validated with an additional cohort of 430 individuals, and a subset of 301 Ewing sarcoma parent-proband trios was analyzed for inheritance patterns of identified pathogenic variants. A distinct pattern of pathogenic germline variants was seen in Ewing sarcoma relative to other sarcoma subtypes. FANCC was the only gene with an enrichment signal for heterozygous pathogenic variants in the European Ewing sarcoma discovery cohort (three individuals, OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.0–43.2, p = 0.003, FDR = 0.40). This enrichment in FANCC heterozygous pathogenic variants was again observed in the European Ewing sarcoma validation cohort (three individuals, OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.7–23.6, p = 0.014), representing a broader importance of genes involved in DNA damage repair, which were also nominally enriched in individuals with Ewing sarcoma. Pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes were acquired through autosomal inheritance. Our study provides new insight into germline risk factors contributing to Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis.
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202
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Hamilton G. Comparative characteristics of small cell lung cancer and Ewing's sarcoma: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1185-1198. [PMID: 35832443 PMCID: PMC9271444 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) at the disseminated stage are not amenable to therapy and have a dismal prognosis with low survival rates. Despite representing different tumor entities, treatment for both malignancies relies on cytotoxic chemotherapy that has not considerably changed for the past decades. The genomic background has been extensively studied and found to comprise inactivation of p53 and RB1 in case of SCLC and EWSR1/FLI1 rearrangement in case of ES resulting in aggressive tumors in adults with heavy tobacco consumption and as bone tumor in juveniles, respectively. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of both tumor entities, especially in patients with metastatic disease or recurrences. This review summarizes the common cell biologic and clinical characteristics of difficult-to-treat SCLC and ES and discusses their refractoriness and options to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Methods PubMed and Euro PMC were searched from January 1st, 2012 to January 16th, 2022 using the following key words: "SCLC", "Ewing´s sarcoma", "Genomics" and "Chemoresistance" as well as own work. Key Content and Findings Therapy of SCLC and ES involves the use of undirected cytotoxic drugs in multimodal chemotherapy and administration of topotecan for 2nd line SCLC regimens. Despite highly aggressive chemotherapies, outcomes are dismal for patients with disseminated tumors. A host of unrelated drugs and targeted therapeutics have failed to result in progress for the patients and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are still not clear. Identification of chemoresistance-reversing modulators in vitro and patient-derived xenografts of SCLC and ES has not translated into new therapies. Conclusions The global chemoresistance of SCLC and ES may be explained by physiological resistance at the tumor level and formation of larger spheroids that contain quiescent and hypoxic tumor cells in regions that occlude therapeutics. This type of chemoresistance is difficult to overcome and prevent the accumulation of effective drug concentration at the tumor cell level to a significant degree leaving therapeutic interventions of any kind ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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203
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Jiang X, Chen Z, Zhu J, Han J, You G, Li Y, Liu T, Ye H. E2F1 promotes Warburg effect and cancer progression via upregulating ENO2 expression in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:237. [PMID: 35621141 PMCID: PMC9185680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glucose metabolism is an important characteristic of cancer cells, which is referred to as Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly malignant tumor that occurs in children and adolescents. However, the functions of aerobic glycolysis in EWS remain to be elucidated. The present study identified a transcription factor, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), as a new regulator of cancer the aerobic glycolysis and progression in EWS. The present study showed that E2F1 modulated aerobic glycolysis in EWS cells by effecting glucose uptake, lactate production and ATP generation. Altered E2F1 expression increased or decreased cell viability and invasion in EWS. Mechanistically, the results demonstrated that E2F1 may promote the Warburg effect and cancer progression in EWS via upregulating enolase 2 expression. Generally, these findings indicated that E2F1 involvement in the progression of EWS and could serve as a clinical therapeutic target in EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Junping Zhu
- Medical Examination Center, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Gaoliang You
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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204
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Li W, Xu C, Hu Z, Dong S, Wang H, Liu Q, Tang ZR, Li W, Wang B, Lei Z, Yin C. A Visualized Dynamic Prediction Model for Lymphatic Metastasis in Ewing's Sarcoma for Smart Medical Services. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877736. [PMID: 35602163 PMCID: PMC9114797 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to predict the lymphatic metastasis in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) patients by nomogram. The risk of lymphatic metastasis in patients with ES was predicted by the built model, which provided guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods A total of 929 patients diagnosed with ES were enrolled from the year of 2010 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The nomogram was established to determine predictive factors of lymphatic metastasis according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The validation of the model performed using multicenter data (n = 51). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and calibration plots were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was implemented to illustrate the practicability of the nomogram clinical application. Based on the nomogram, we established a web calculator to visualize the risk of lymphatic metastases. We further plotted Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) curves to compare the survival time of patients with and without lymphatic metastasis. Results In this study, the nomogram was established based on six significant factors (survival time, race, T stage, M stage, surgery, and lung metastasis), which were identified for lymphatic metastasis in ES patients. The model showed significant diagnostic accuracy with the value of the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.743 (95%CI: 0.714–0.771) for SEER internal validation and 0.763 (95%CI: 0.623–0.871) for multicenter data external validation. The calibration plot and DCA indicated that the model had vital clinical application value. Conclusion In this study, we constructed and developed a nomogram with risk factors to predict lymphatic metastasis in ES patients and validated accuracy of itself. We found T stage (Tx OR = 2.540, 95%CI = 1.433–4.503, P < 0.01), M stage (M1, OR = 2.061, 95%CI = 1.189–3.573, P < 0.05) and survival time (OR = 0.982, 95%CI = 0.972–0.992, P < 0.001) were important independent factors for lymphatic metastasis in ES patients. Furthermore, survival time in patients with lymphatic metastasis or unclear situation (P < 0.0001) was significantly lower. It can help clinicians make better decisions to provide more accurate prognosis and treatment for ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Chan Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haosheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi-Ri Tang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi Lei
- Chronic Disease Division, Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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205
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Vibert J, Watson S. The Molecular Biology of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102548. [PMID: 35626152 PMCID: PMC9139698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past 20 years, significant advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology have led to the dismantlement of multiple subtypes of sarcomas. As a result, molecular approaches nowadays play a critical role in the diagnosis, prognostic classification, and therapeutic management of numerous mesenchymal tumor subtypes. This review of the current literature illustrates the main uses of molecular biology in the field of soft tissue sarcomas and the future challenges that remain to be addressed. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, encompassing a large spectrum of entities that were historically classified according to their histological characteristics. Over the last decades, molecular biology has allowed a better characterization of these tumors, leading to the incorporation of multiple molecular features in the latest classification of sarcomas as well as to molecularly-guided therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the main uses of molecular biology in current practice for the diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, in addition to perspectives for this rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vibert
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-172-389-434; Fax: +33-153-104-041
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206
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Management of Unresectable Localized Pelvic Bone Sarcomas: Current Practice and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102546. [PMID: 35626150 PMCID: PMC9139258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some locally advanced pelvic bone tumors are deemed unresectable and, as such, not suitable for curative surgery. In this setting, treatment options are generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Ultimately, and notwithstanding the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, treatment should be patient-tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Abstract Bone sarcomas (BS) are rare mesenchymal tumors usually located in the extremities and pelvis. While surgical resection is the cornerstone of curative treatment, some locally advanced tumors are deemed unresectable and hence not suitable for curative intent. This is often true for pelvic sarcoma due to anatomic complexity and proximity to vital structures, making treatment options for these tumors generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Several studies have been published in recent years focusing on innovative treatment options for patients with locally advanced sarcoma not amenable to local surgery. The present article reviews the evidence regarding the treatment of patients with locally advanced and unresectable pelvic BS, with the goal of providing an overview of treatment options for the main BS histologic subtypes involving this anatomic area and exploring future therapeutic perspectives. The management of unresectable localized pelvic BS represents a major challenge and is hampered by the lack of comprehensive and standardized guidelines. As such, the optimal treatment needs to be individually tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Despite the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, the role of each treatment option in the therapeutic armamentarium of these patients requires solid clinical evidence before becoming fully established.
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207
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Zheng Y, Lu J, Shuai Z, Wu Z, Qian Y. A novel nomogram and risk classification system predicting the Ewing sarcoma: a population-based study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8154. [PMID: 35581219 PMCID: PMC9113999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease that lacks a prognostic prediction model. This study aims to develop a nomogram and risk classification system for estimating the probability of overall survival (OS) of patients with ES. The clinicopathological data of ES were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Final Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2018. The primary cohort was randomly assigned to the training set and the validation set. Univariate and multiple Cox proportional hazard analyses based on the training set were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was established to generate individualized predictions of 3- and 5-year OS and evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve, the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the net reclassification improvement (NRI). Based on the scores calculated with the nomogram, ES patients were divided into three risk groups to predict their survival. A total of 935 patients were identified, and a nomogram consisting of 6 variables was established. The model provided better C-indices of OS (0.788). The validity of the Cox model assumptions was evaluated through the Schönfeld test and deviance residual. The ROC, calibration curve, IDI and NRI indicated that the nomogram exhibited good performance. A risk classification system was built to classify the risk group of ES patients. The nomogram compares favourably and accurately to the traditional SEER tumour staging systems, and risk stratification provides a more convenient and effective tool for clinicians to optimize treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jinsen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ziqiang Shuai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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208
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Phase-Separated Subcellular Compartmentation and Related Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105491. [PMID: 35628304 PMCID: PMC9141834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In live cells, proteins and nucleic acids can associate together through multivalent interactions, and form relatively isolated phases that undertake designated biological functions and activities. In the past decade, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has gradually been recognized as a general mechanism for the intracellular organization of biomolecules. LLPS regulates the assembly and composition of dozens of membraneless organelles and condensates in cells. Due to the altered physiological conditions or genetic mutations, phase-separated condensates may undergo aberrant formation, maturation or gelation that contributes to the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. In this review, we summarize the properties of different membraneless organelles and condensates, and discuss multiple phase separation-regulated biological processes. Based on the dysregulation and mutations of several key regulatory proteins and signaling pathways, we also exemplify how aberrantly regulated LLPS may contribute to human diseases.
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209
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Identification of a novel translocation producing an in-frame fusion of TAF15 and ETV4 in a case of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma revealed in the prenatal period. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:665-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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210
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Buchou C, Laud-Duval K, van der Ent W, Grossetête S, Zaidi S, Gentric G, Corbé M, Müller K, Del Nery E, Surdez D, Delattre O. Upregulation of the Mevalonate Pathway through EWSR1-FLI1/EGR2 Regulatory Axis Confers Ewing Cells Exquisite Sensitivity to Statins. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092327. [PMID: 35565457 PMCID: PMC9100622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this project was to search for new dependencies in Ewing sarcoma, a deadly disease for which new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. A pharmacological screening of off-patent approved drugs (FDA agency) and the investigation of downstream targets of EGR2 were performed. The two approaches showed the MVA pathway as a major dependency in Ewing sarcoma and statin, an inhibitor of this pathway, as a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive primary bone cancer in children and young adults characterized by oncogenic fusions between genes encoding FET-RNA-binding proteins and ETS transcription factors, the most frequent fusion being EWSR1-FLI1. We show that EGR2, an Ewing-susceptibility gene and an essential direct target of EWSR1-FLI1, directly regulates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Consequently, Ewing sarcoma is one of the tumors that expresses the highest levels of mevalonate pathway genes. Moreover, genome-wide screens indicate that MVA pathway genes constitute major dependencies of Ewing cells. Accordingly, the statin inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme of the MVA pathway, demonstrate cytotoxicity in EwS. Statins induce increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as decreased membrane localization of prenylated proteins, such as small GTP proteins. These metabolic effects lead to an alteration in the dynamics of S-phase progression and to apoptosis. Statin-induced effects can be rescued by downstream products of the MVA pathway. Finally, we further show that statins impair tumor growth in different Ewing PDX models. Altogether, the data show that statins, which are off-patent, well-tolerated, and inexpensive compounds, should be strongly considered in the therapeutic arsenal against this deadly childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Buchou
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Karine Laud-Duval
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sandrine Grossetête
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Géraldine Gentric
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Maxime Corbé
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Kévin Müller
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Identification of Common Oncogenic Genes and Pathways Both in Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3655908. [PMID: 35578666 PMCID: PMC9107040 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3655908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring common oncogenic genes and pathways both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and hub genes were identified. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was analyzed. The expression of common oncogenic genes was validated in 38 osteosarcoma and 17 Ewing's sarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and western blot compared to normal tissues. 201 genes were differentially expressed. There were 121 nodes and 232 edges of the PPI network. Among 12 hub genes, hub genes FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 may involve in the development of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. And they were reduced to expression both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma tissues at mRNA and protein levels compared to normal tissues. Knockdown of FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 enhanced the cell proliferation and migration of U2OS under the restriction of cisplatin. Our findings revealed the common oncogenic genes such as FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2, which may act as antioncogene by enhancing cisplatin sensitivity in osteosarcoma cells, and pathways were both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
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212
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Vibert J, Saulnier O, Collin C, Petit F, Borgman KJE, Vigneau J, Gautier M, Zaidi S, Pierron G, Watson S, Gruel N, Hénon C, Postel-Vinay S, Deloger M, Raynal V, Baulande S, Laud-Duval K, Hill V, Grossetête S, Dingli F, Loew D, Torrejon J, Ayrault O, Orth MF, Grünewald TGP, Surdez D, Coulon A, Waterfall JJ, Delattre O. Oncogenic chimeric transcription factors drive tumor-specific transcription, processing, and translation of silent genomic regions. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2458-2471.e9. [PMID: 35550257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers are characterized by gene fusions encoding oncogenic chimeric transcription factors (TFs) such as EWS::FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Here, we find that EWS::FLI1 induces the robust expression of a specific set of novel spliced and polyadenylated transcripts within otherwise transcriptionally silent regions of the genome. These neogenes (NGs) are virtually undetectable in large collections of normal tissues or non-EwS tumors and can be silenced by CRISPR interference at regulatory EWS::FLI1-bound microsatellites. Ribosome profiling and proteomics further show that some NGs are translated into highly EwS-specific peptides. More generally, we show that hundreds of NGs can be detected in diverse cancers characterized by chimeric TFs. Altogether, this study identifies the transcription, processing, and translation of novel, specific, highly expressed multi-exonic transcripts from otherwise silent regions of the genome as a new activity of aberrant TFs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vibert
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Integrative Functional Genomics of Cancer Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Céline Collin
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Petit
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Kyra J E Borgman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérômine Vigneau
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Maud Gautier
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pierron
- Unité de Génétique Somatique, Service d'oncogénétique, Institut Curie, Centre Hospitalier, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Medical Oncology Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Hénon
- ATIP-Avenir group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- ATIP-Avenir group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Drug Development Department, DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Deloger
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Raynal
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Karine Laud-Duval
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Hill
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Grossetête
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Jacob Torrejon
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin F Orth
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coulon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joshua J Waterfall
- INSERM U830, Integrative Functional Genomics of Cancer Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.
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213
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Current status of precision medicine in pediatric oncology in Spain: a consensus report by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP). Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:809-815. [PMID: 35152364 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzes the current status of personalized medicine in pediatric oncology in Spain. It gathers national data on the tumor molecular studies and genomic sequencing carried out at diagnosis and at relapse, the centers that perform these studies, the technology used and the interpretation and clinical applicability of the results. Current challenges and future directions to achieve a coordinated national personalized medicine strategy in pediatric oncology are also discussed. Next generation sequencing-based (NGS) gene panels are the technology used in the majority of centers and financial limitations are the main reason for not incorporating these studies into routine care. Nowadays, the application of precision medicine in pediatric oncology is a reality in a great number of Spanish centers. However, its implementation is uneven and lacks standardization of protocols; therefore, national coordination to overcome the inequalities is required. Collaborative work within the Personalized Medicine Group of SEHOP is an adequate framework for encouraging a step forward in the effort to move precision medicine into the national healthcare system.
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214
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Sun N, Tran BV, Peng Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Yang P, Zhang TX, Widjaja J, Zhang RY, Xia W, Keir A, She J, Yu H, Shyue J, Zhu H, Agopian VG, Pei R, Tomlinson JS, Toretsky JA, Jonas SJ, Federman N, Lu S, Tseng H, Zhu Y. Coupling Lipid Labeling and Click Chemistry Enables Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Oncogenic Gene Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105853. [PMID: 35486030 PMCID: PMC9108594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-preserved molecular cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an ideal material for detecting oncogenic gene alterations in cancer patients, providing a noninvasive diagnostic solution for detection of disease status and monitoring treatment response. Therefore, technologies that conveniently isolate EVs with sufficient efficiency are desperately needed. Here, a lipid labeling and click chemistry-based EV capture platform ("Click Beads"), which is ideal for EV message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) assays due to its efficient, convenient, and rapid purification of EVs, enabling downstream molecular quantification using reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) is described and demonstrated. Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) gene rearrangements and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation status are detected and quantified using EVs isolated by Click Beads and matched with those identified in biopsy specimens from Ewing sarcoma or pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the quantification of gene alterations can be used for monitoring treatment responses and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Benjamin V. Tran
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zishan Peng
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Josephine Widjaja
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Wenxi Xia
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Alexandra Keir
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jia‐Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and PediatricsGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDC20057USA
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Hsian‐Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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215
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Wang J, Zhanghuang C, Tan X, Mi T, Liu J, Jin L, Li M, Zhang Z, He D. A Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival of Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma in Children: A SEER Database Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:837506. [PMID: 35178367 PMCID: PMC8843936 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.837506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSC) and Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) are children's most common primary bone tumors. The purpose of the study is to develop and validate a new nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of childhood OSC and EWS. Methods The clinicopathological information of all children with OSC and EWS from 2004 to 2018 was downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen children's independent risk factors for CSS. These risk factors were used to construct a nomogram to predict the CSS of children with OSC and EWS. A series of validation methods, including calibration plots, consistency index (C-index), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were used to validate the accuracy and reliability of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to validate the clinical application efficacy of predictive models. All patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on the nomogram score. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to compare survival differences between the two groups. Results A total of 2059 children with OSC and EWS were included. All patients were randomly divided into training cohort 60% (N = 1215) and validation cohort 40% (N = 844). Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that age, surgery, stage, primary site, tumor size, and histological type were independent risk factors. Nomograms were established based on these factors to predict 3-, 5-, and 8-years CSS of children with OSC and EWS. The calibration plots showed that the predicted value was highly consistent with the actual value. In the training cohort and validation cohort, the C-index was 0.729 (0.702–0.756) and 0.735 (0.702–0.768), respectively. The AUC of the training cohort and the validation cohort also showed similar results. The DCA showed that the nomogram had good clinical value. Conclusion We constructed a new nomogram to predict the CSS of OSC and EWS in children. This predictive model has good accuracy and reliability and can help doctors and patients develop clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Urology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Urology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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216
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Hypoxia-activated neuropeptide Y/Y5 receptor/RhoA pathway triggers chromosomal instability and bone metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2323. [PMID: 35484119 PMCID: PMC9051212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse prognosis in Ewing sarcoma (ES) is associated with the presence of metastases, particularly in bone, tumor hypoxia and chromosomal instability (CIN). Yet, a mechanistic link between these factors remains unknown. We demonstrate that in ES, tumor hypoxia selectively exacerbates bone metastasis. This process is triggered by hypoxia-induced stimulation of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Y5 receptor (Y5R) pathway, which leads to RhoA over-activation and cytokinesis failure. These mitotic defects result in the formation of polyploid ES cells, the progeny of which exhibit high CIN, an ability to invade and colonize bone, and a resistance to chemotherapy. Blocking Y5R in hypoxic ES tumors prevents polyploidization and bone metastasis. Our findings provide evidence for the role of the hypoxia-inducible NPY/Y5R/RhoA axis in promoting genomic changes and subsequent osseous dissemination in ES, and suggest that targeting this pathway may prevent CIN and disease progression in ES and other cancers rich in NPY and Y5R. Ewing sarcoma tumour cells frequently metastasize to the bone but the molecular mechanisms governing this process are not well understood. Here, the authors show that neuropeptide Y/Y5 receptor pathway is activated in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, which results in cytokinesis defects and chromosomal instability, leading to bone invasion.
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217
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Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sin Y, Tsuchiya R, Ono T, Akiyama T, Nakagawa R, Kamio S, Hirabayashi K, Ozawa I, Kikuta K, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of a novel patient-derived Ewing sarcoma cell line, NCC-ES2-C1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1262-1269. [PMID: 35441357 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a small round cell sarcoma that is characterized by the unique gene translocation EWSR1-FLI1. It is the second most common primary bone and soft tissue malignancy in children and adolescents. It constitutes 10-15% of all bone sarcomas and is highly aggressive and rapidly recurring. Although intensive treatments have improved the clinical outcome of ES patients, 20-25% of them exhibit metastases during diagnosis. Thus, the prognoses of these patients remain poor. Cell lines are pivotal resources to investigate the molecular background of disease progression and to develop novel therapeutic modalities. In this study, we established and characterized a novel ES cell line, NCC-ES2-C1. The presence of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene in these cells was confirmed in the NCC-ES2-C1 cells. Furthermore, these cells exhibited constant proliferation, and invasion, but did not form tumors in mice. We screened the anti-tumor effects of 214 anti-cancer drugs in NCC-ES2-C1 cells and found that the drugs which effectively reduced the proliferation of NCC-ES2-C1 cells. We concluded that NCC-ES2-C1 cells are a useful resource to study functions of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene, investigate phenotypic changes caused by genes and proteins, and evaluate the anti-tumor effects of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yooksil Sin
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taro Akiyama
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rumi Nakagawa
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamio
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirabayashi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Iwao Ozawa
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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218
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Koch R, Gelderblom H, Haveman L, Brichard B, Jürgens H, Cyprova S, van den Berg H, Hassenpflug W, Raciborska A, Ek T, Baumhoer D, Egerer G, Eich HT, Renard M, Hauser P, Burdach S, Bovee J, Bonar F, Reichardt P, Kruseova J, Hardes J, Kühne T, Kessler T, Collaud S, Bernkopf M, Butterfaß-Bahloul T, Dhooge C, Bauer S, Kiss J, Paulussen M, Hong A, Ranft A, Timmermann B, Rascon J, Vieth V, Kanerva J, Faldum A, Metzler M, Hartmann W, Hjorth L, Bhadri V, Dirksen U. High-Dose Treosulfan and Melphalan as Consolidation Therapy Versus Standard Therapy for High-Risk (Metastatic) Ewing Sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2307-2320. [PMID: 35427190 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing 2008R3 was conducted in 12 countries and evaluated the effect of treosulfan and melphalan high-dose chemotherapy (TreoMel-HDT) followed by reinfusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival in high-risk Ewing sarcoma (EWS). METHODS Phase III, open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients had disseminated EWS with metastases to bone and/or other sites, excluding patients with only pulmonary metastases. Patients received six cycles of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide induction and eight cycles of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide consolidation therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive additional TreoMel-HDT or no further treatment (control). The random assignment was stratified by number of bone metastases (1, 2-5, and > 5). The one-sided adaptive-inverse-normal-4-stage-design was changed after the first interim analysis via Müller-Schäfer method. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2018, 109 patients were randomly assigned, and 55 received TreoMel-HDT. With a median follow-up of 3.3 years, there was no significant difference in EFS between TreoMel-HDT and control in the adaptive design (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.32, intention-to-treat). Three-year EFS was 20.9% (95% CI, 11.5 to 37.9) in TreoMel-HDT and 19.2% (95% CI, 10.8 to 34.4) in control patients. The results were similar in the per-protocol collective. Males treated with TreoMel-HDT had better EFS compared with controls: median 1.0 years (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.2) versus 0.6 years (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9); P = .035; HR 0.52 (0.28 to 0.97). Patients age < 14 years benefited from TreoMel-HDT with a 3-years EFS of 39.3% (95% CI, 20.4 to 75.8%) versus 9% (95% CI, 2.4 to 34); P = .016; HR 0.40 (0.19 to 0.87). These effects were similar in the per-protocol collective. This observation is supported by comparable results from the nonrandomized trial EE99R3. CONCLUSION In patients with very high-risk EWS, additional TreoMel-HDT was of no benefit for the entire cohort of patients. TreoMel-HDT may be of benefit for children age < 14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Koch
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Haveman
- Department of Solid Tumors, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benedicte Brichard
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heribert Jürgens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sona Cyprova
- Charles University, Motol Children's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Henk van den Berg
- Department of Pediatrics/Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wolf Hassenpflug
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Raciborska
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Oncology for Children and Youth, Mother and Child Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Torben Ek
- Childhood Cancer Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerlinde Egerer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Theodor Eich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marleen Renard
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven Belgium
| | - Peter Hauser
- Head of the Pediatric Oncology and Transplantation Unit, Velkey László Child's Health Center, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judith Bovee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jarmila Kruseova
- Charles University, Motol Children's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Clinic of Orthopedics, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Centre, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kühne
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephane Collaud
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Bernkopf
- Department of Pediatrics, St Anna Children's Hospital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Catharina Dhooge
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Centre (WTZ) Network, Essen and Muenster, Germany
| | - János Kiss
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Paulussen
- General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Vestische Kinder und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Angela Hong
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Ranft
- West German Cancer Centre (WTZ) Network, Essen and Muenster, Germany.,Paediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Cancer Centre (WTZ) Network, Essen and Muenster, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre, Essen, Germany.,Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Essen, Germany
| | - Jelena Rascon
- Center for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Volker Vieth
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Klinikum Ibbenbüren, Ibbenbüren, Germany
| | - Jukka Kanerva
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Faldum
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Metzler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vivek Bhadri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Uta Dirksen
- West German Cancer Centre (WTZ) Network, Essen and Muenster, Germany.,Paediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre, Essen, Germany
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KDM5B promotes tumorigenesis of Ewing sarcoma via FBXW7/CCNE1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:354. [PMID: 35428764 PMCID: PMC9012801 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive tumor that affects children and young adults. Patients with relapsed/refractory diseases have limited treatment options. Targeting the driver fusion oncoproteins of EwS remains a technical problem. Epigenetic mechanisms have been pointed out as key players and alternative therapeutic targets in EwS. Here, we reported that lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B), a histone demethylase that specifically demethylates tri- and di-methylated H3 Lys-4 (H3K4), was upregulated in EwS and overexpressed KDM5B was correlated with poor outcomes of patients. KDM5B knockdown and KDM5B inhibitor AS-8351 suppressed EwS cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that KDM5B mainly influenced the cell cycle pathways in EwS. In mechanistic studies, we found that overexpression of KDM5B resulted in increased CCNE1 protein level, but did not affect the mRNA level of CCNE1. KDM5B upregulation blocked the degradation pathway of CCNE1 by reducing the expression of FBXW7. KDM5B downregulated FBXW7 gene by demethylation of H3K4me3 at promoter region. Moreover, AS-8351 could inhibit tumor growth in nude mice models, indicating the antitumor effect of targeting KDM5B in EwS. Our study uncovered that KDM5B in EwS attenuated FBXW7 transcription and accumulated CCNE1 protein, leading to malignant proliferation of EwS. Epigenetic drug targeting KDM5B could be a potential treatment for EwS.
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220
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Fayzullina D, Tsibulnikov S, Stempen M, Schroeder BA, Kumar N, Kharwar RK, Acharya A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081988. [PMID: 35454895 PMCID: PMC9032664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing sarcoma is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Therapy has increased the 5-year survival rate in the last 40 years, although the recurrence rate has remained high. There is an immediate and unmet need for the development of novel Ewing sarcoma therapies. We offer new prospective targets for the therapy of Ewing sarcoma. The EWSR1/FLI1 fusion protein, which is identified in 85–90% of Ewing sarcoma tumors, and its direct targets are given special focus in this study. Experimantal therapy that targets multiple signaling pathways activated during ES progression, alone or in combination with existing regimens, may become the new standard of care for Ewing sarcoma patients, improving patient survival. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Amplifications in genomic, proteomic, and metabolism are characteristics of sarcoma, and targeting altered cancer cell molecular processes has been proposed as the latest promising strategy to fight cancer. Recent technological advancements have elucidated some of the underlying oncogenic characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Offering new insights into the physiological basis for this phenomenon, our current review examines the dynamics of ES signaling as it related to both ES and the microenvironment by integrating genomic and proteomic analyses. An extensive survey of the literature was performed to compile the findings. We have also highlighted recent and ongoing studies integrating metabolomics and genomics aimed at better understanding the complex interactions as to how ES adapts to changing biochemical changes within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Fayzullina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Sergey Tsibulnikov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Mikhail Stempen
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur 222146, India;
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
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221
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Zooming in on Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ewing Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081267. [PMID: 35455947 PMCID: PMC9032025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue that is mainly characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation. As a result, about 90% of cases express the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein that has been shown to function as an aberrant transcription factor driving sarcomagenesis. ES is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Current treatment modalities include dose-intensified chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as surgery. Despite these strategies, patients who present with metastasis or relapse still have dismal prognosis, warranting a better understanding of treatment resistant-disease biology in order to generate better prognostic and therapeutic tools. Since the genomes of ES tumors are relatively quiet and stable, exploring the contributions of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of the disease becomes inevitable. The search for novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of cancer metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance is increasingly focusing on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recent advances in genome analysis by high throughput sequencing have immensely expanded and advanced our knowledge of lncRNAs. They are non-protein coding RNA species with multiple biological functions that have been shown to be dysregulated in many diseases and are emerging as crucial players in cancer development. Understanding the various roles of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis would determine eclectic avenues to establish therapeutic and diagnostic targets. In ES, some lncRNAs have been implicated in cell proliferation, migration and invasion, features that make them suitable as relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we comprehensively discuss known lncRNAs implicated in ES that could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of the disease. Though some current reviews have discussed non-coding RNAs in ES, to our knowledge, this is the first review focusing exclusively on ES-associated lncRNAs.
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222
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Update of pediatric soft tissue tumors with review of conventional MRI appearance-part 2: vascular lesions, fibrohistiocytic tumors, muscle tumors, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, tumors of uncertain differentiation, and undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:701-725. [PMID: 34297167 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for imaging these lesions. Although certain soft tissue lesions exhibit magnetic resonance features characteristic of a specific diagnosis, most lesions are indeterminate, and a biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. We provide a detailed update of soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions that occur in the pediatric population, emphasizing each lesion's conventional magnetic resonance imaging appearance, using the recently released 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors as a guide. In part one of this review, pediatric tumor-like lesions, adipocytic tumors, fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors, and perivascular tumors are discussed. In part two, vascular lesions, fibrohistiocytic tumors, muscle tumors, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, tumors of uncertain differentiation, and undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas are reviewed. Per the convention of the WHO, these lesions involve the connective, subcutaneous, and other non-parenchymatous organ soft tissues, as well as the peripheral and autonomic nervous system.
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223
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Combinatorial strategies to potentiate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in fusion-positive sarcomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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224
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Du B, Gao W, Qin Y, Zhong J, Zhang Z. Study on the role of transcription factor SPI1 in the development of glioma. Chin Neurosurg J 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35361282 PMCID: PMC8973577 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-022-00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a common malignant brain tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the transcription factor SPI1 in glioma. Methods SPI1 expression in glioma was identified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK8 assay. Transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to evaluate cell migration. Additionally, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Results We observed that the expression level of SPI1 was up-regulated in glioma tissues, compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, we found that SPI1 is able to promote proliferation and migration of glioma cells in vitro. Flow cytometry results demonstrate that, compared to si-NC cells, si-SPI1 cells stagnated in the G1 phase, and down-regulation of SPI1 expression is able to increase rates of apoptosis. Double luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results indicated that SPI1 can bind to the promoter sites and promote the proliferation and migration of glioma cells by regulating the expression of oncogenic PAICS. Conclusions Our results suggest that SPI1 can promote proliferation and migration of glioma. Furthermore, SPI1 can be utilized as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for glioma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41016-022-00276-2.
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CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for an unusual case of large brain metastases from Ewing's sarcoma in a paediatric patient. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:100979. [PMID: 35814851 PMCID: PMC9260128 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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226
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Maurer LM, Daley JD, Mukherjee E, Venier RE, Julian CM, Bailey NG, Jacobs MF, Kumar-Sinha C, Raphael H, Periyapatna N, Weiss K, Janeway KA, Mody R, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM, Bailey KM. BRCA1-associated RING domain-1 (BARD1) loss and GBP1 expression enhance sensitivity to DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:220-232. [PMID: 36187937 PMCID: PMC9524505 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a fusion oncoprotein-driven primary bone tumor. A subset of patients (~10%) with Ewing sarcoma are known to harbor germline variants in a growing number of genes involved in DNA damage repair. We recently reported our discovery of a germline mutation in the DNA damage repair protein BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain-1) in a patient with Ewing sarcoma. BARD1 is recruited to the site of DNA double stranded breaks via the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein and plays a critical role in DNA damage response pathways including homologous recombination. We thus questioned the impact of BARD1 loss on Ewing cell sensitivity to DNA damage and the Ewing sarcoma transcriptome. We demonstrate that PSaRC318 cells, a novel patient-derived cell line harboring a pathogenic BARD1 variant, are sensitive to PARP inhibition and by testing the effect of BARD1 depletion in additional Ewing sarcoma cell lines, we confirm that BARD1 loss enhances cell sensitivity to PARP inhibition plus radiation. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that loss of BARD1 results in the upregulation of GBP1 (guanylate-binding protein 1), a protein whose expression is associated with variable response to therapy depending on the adult carcinoma subtype examined. Here, we demonstrate that GBP1 contributes to the enhanced sensitivity of BARD1 deficient Ewing cells to DNA damage. Together, our findings demonstrate the impact of loss-of function mutations in DNA damage repair genes, such as BARD1, on Ewing sarcoma treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Maurer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jessica D Daley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elina Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rosemarie E Venier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Claire M Julian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathanael G Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michelle F Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Haley Raphael
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nivitha Periyapatna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber / Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Rajen Mody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Kelly M Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Johnson CN, Xu X, Holloway SP, Libich DS. The 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the low-complexity domain from the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2022; 16:67-73. [PMID: 34994941 PMCID: PMC9081151 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-021-10061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein EWS is a multifunctional protein with roles in the regulation of transcription and RNA splicing. It is one of the FET (FUS, EWS and TAF15) family of RNA binding proteins that contain an intrinsically disordered, low-complexity N-terminal domain. The FET family proteins are prone to chromosomal translocations, often fusing their low-complexity domain with a transcription factor derived DNA-binding domain, that are oncogenic drivers in several leukemias and sarcomas. The fusion protein disrupts the normal function of cells through non-canonical DNA binding and alteration of normal transcriptional programs. However, the exact mechanism for how the intrinsically disordered domain contributes to aberrant DNA binding and abnormal transcription is unknown. The purification and 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone resonance assignments of the amino terminal domain comprising 264 residues of EWS is described. This segment is common to all known EWS-fusions that are the hallmark of the pediatric cancer Ewing sarcoma. This domain is intrinsically disordered and features significant sequence degeneracy resulting in spectra with poor chemical shift dispersion. To alleviate this problem, the domain was divided into three overlapping fragments, reducing the complexity of the spectra and enabling almost complete backbone resonance assignment of the full domain. These solution NMR chemical shift assignments represent the first steps towards understanding, at atomic resolution, how the low-complexity domain of EWS contributes to the aberrant functions of its oncogenic fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Stephen P Holloway
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David S Libich
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Selective histone methyltransferase G9a inhibition reduces metastatic development of Ewing sarcoma through the epigenetic regulation of NEU1. Oncogene 2022; 41:2638-2650. [PMID: 35354905 PMCID: PMC9054661 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor with high susceptibility to metastasize. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to EWS metastases remain poorly understood. Epigenetic changes have been implicated in EWS tumor growth and progression. Linking epigenetics and metastases may provide insight into novel molecular targets in EWS and improve its treatment. Here, we evaluated the effects of a selective G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor (BIX01294) on EWS metastatic process. Our results showed that overexpression of G9a in tumors from EWS patients correlates with poor prognosis. Moreover, we observe a significantly higher expression of G9a in metastatic EWS tumor as compared to either primary or recurrent tumor. Using functional assays, we demonstrate that pharmacological G9a inhibition using BIX01294 disrupts several metastatic steps in vitro, such as migration, invasion, adhesion, colony formation and vasculogenic mimicry. Moreover, BIX01294 reduces tumor growth and metastases in two spontaneous metastases mouse models. We further identified the sialidase NEU1 as a direct target and effector of G9a in the metastatic process in EWS. NEU1 overexpression impairs migration, invasion and clonogenic capacity of EWS cell lines. Overall, G9a inhibition impairs metastases in vitro and in vivo through the overexpression of NEU1. G9a has strong potential as a prognostic marker and may be a promising therapeutic target for EWS patients.
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229
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De Feo A, Pazzaglia L, Ciuffarin L, Mangiagli F, Pasello M, Simonetti E, Pellegrini E, Ferrari C, Bianchi G, Spazzoli B, Scotlandi K. miR-214-3p Is Commonly Downregulated by EWS-FLI1 and by CD99 and Its Restoration Limits Ewing Sarcoma Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071762. [PMID: 35406534 PMCID: PMC8997046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), the second most frequent primary tumor of bone in the pediatric population, is a very aggressive, undifferentiated mesenchymal malignancy with a high tendency to develop lung and/or bone metastasis. The prognosis of patients with metastasis remains dismal, and new strategies are needed to control the dissemination of EWS cells. EWS is driven by alterations induced by the EWS-FLI1 chimera which acts as an aberrant transcriptional factor that induces the complete reprograming of the gene expression. EWS cells are also characterized by high expression of CD99, a cell surface molecule that interacts with EWS-FLI1 to sustain EWS malignancy. This study shows that miR-214-3p is a common mediator of EWS-FLI1 and CD99, and we report that miR-214-3p acts as on oncosuppressor in EWS. MiR-214-3p is constitutively repressed in cell lines and clinical samples but is re-expressed after the silencing of EWS-FLI1 and/or CD99. The restoration of miR-214-3p limits EWS cell growth and migration and represses the expression of its target HMGA1, supporting the potential role of this miRNA as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. Abstract Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcoma, has a very stable genome with very few genetic alterations. Unlike in most cancers, the progression of EWS appears to depend on epigenetic alterations. EWS–FLI1 and CD99, the two hallmarks of EWS, are reported to severely impact the malignancy of EWS cells, at least partly by regulating the expression of several types of non-coding RNAs. Here, we identify miR-214-3p as a common mediator of either EWS-FLI1 or CD99 by in silico analysis. MiR-214-3p expression was lower in EWS cells and in clinical samples than in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and this miRNA was barely expressed in metastatic lesions. Silencing of EWS-FLI1 or CD99 restored the expression of miR-214-3p, leading to a reduced cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, miR-214-3p restoration inhibits the expression of the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a validated target of miR-214-3p and a major regulator of the transcriptional machinery. The decrease in HMGA1 expression reduced the growth and the migration of EWS cells. Taken together, our results support that the miR-214-3p is constitutively repressed by both EWS-FLI1 and CD99 because it acts as an oncosuppressor limiting the dissemination of EWS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Feo
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lisa Ciuffarin
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Fabio Mangiagli
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Simonetti
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Benedetta Spazzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
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Stefani RRD, Toni ECD, Farias CBD, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, Roesler R, Alho CS, Friedrich DC. GGAA microsatellites of NR0B1 promoter region in Ewing's sarcoma patients and healthy individuals from a south Brazilian population. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2022v68n2.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The very aggressive soft tissue and bone pediatric tumor Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is caused in most cases by the chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), which encodes an aberrant chimeric transcription factor (EWS-FLI1) that regulates target genes, including the critical oncogene NR0B1 (Xp21.2), via GGAA microsatellites. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the GGAA microsatellites of NR0B1 promoter region of ES patients and healthy subjects in our population. Methodology: Ten male ES patients and 71 adult healthy males from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were included in this study. Leukocyte DNA was extracted, amplified by PCR, sequenced by the Sanger method and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Total number of GGAA motifs, length of microsatellite in base pairs, number of segments separated by "A" insertions and greatest number of consecutive GGAA motifs were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed in the SPSS® statistical software and p-value <0,05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 21 different alleles was identified in the 81 subjects, with 24.2 allele [(GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10 sequence] being the most frequent, but when comparing the data between the two groups, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: We concluded that the studied sample was highly variable in terms microsatellite structure, including the presence of rare alleles, giving us the opportunity to describe our population which is a fundamental step on identifying genetic implications in ES tumorigenesis.
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231
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Oxidative and Antioxidative Status Expressed as OSI Index and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Children with Bone Tumors after Anticancer Therapy Completion. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061663. [PMID: 35329989 PMCID: PMC8955670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. There are no data on the redox status of children with bone tumors in complete disease remission. Therefore, the presented study examined the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values as well as the oxidative stress index (OSI) for assessing alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance in 35 children with osteosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma after anticancer therapy completion (median 14 months) compared with a control group. Methods. GSH, GSSG, TOC, TAC concentrations and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity were evaluated by immunoenzymatic (ELISA) and enzymatic methods. Results. We found no differences in serum BALP activity between all survivors with bone tumors and the control group. Patients with osteosarcoma after anticancer therapy completion had significantly higher values of TAC, GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as GSSG than healthy subjects. In patients with Ewing’s sarcoma, we found significantly higher values of TOC concentration compared with healthy children. In addition, survivors with Ewing’s sarcoma had higher TOC concentrations and OSI index values (p < 0.01), but a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05) than survivors with osteosarcoma. A positive correlation between TOC and the post-therapy period was observed in survivors. Conclusions. We found that in survivors with bone tumors, a disturbed balance between prooxidants and antioxidants persists after the completion of anticancer treatment. Moreover, an increased TOC value together with the post-therapy period may suggest increasing oxidative processes in survivors with bone tumors after treatment. Further observations will allow assessment of the relationship between the oxidant/antioxidant status and the predisposition of survivors to bone neoplastic disease recurrence.
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Striefler JK, Schmiester M, Brandes F, Dörr A, Pahl S, Kaul D, Rau D, Dobrindt EM, Koulaxouzidis G, Bullinger L, Märdian S, Flörcken A. Comorbidities rather than older age define outcome in adult patients with tumors of the Ewing sarcoma family. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3213-3225. [PMID: 35297222 PMCID: PMC9468425 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ewing family of tumors (EFT) is rarely diagnosed in patients (pts) over the age of 18 years (years), and data on the clinical course and the outcome of adult EFT pts is sparse. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we summarize our experience with adult EFT pts. From 2002 to 2020, we identified 71 pts of whom 58 were evaluable for the final analysis. Results Median age was 31 years (18–90 years). Pts presented with skeletal (n = 26), and extra‐skeletal primary disease (n =32). Tumor size was ≥8 cm in 20 pts and 19 pts were metastasized at first diagnosis. Between the age groups (≤25 vs. 26–40 vs. ≥41 years) we observed differences of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), tumor origin, as well as type and number of therapy cycles. Overall, median overall survival (OS) was 79 months (95% confidence interval, CI; 28.5–131.4 months), and median progression‐free survival (PFS) 34 months (95% CI; 21.4–45.8 months). We observed a poorer outcome (OS, PFS) in older pts. This could be in part due to differences in treatment intensity and the CCI (<3 vs. ≥3; hazard ratio, HR 0.334, 95% CI 0.15–0.72, p = 0.006). In addition, tumor stage had a significant impact on PFS (localized vs. metastasized stage: HR 0.403, 95% CI 0.18–0.87, p = 0.021). Conclusions Our data confirms the feasibility of intensive treatment regimens in adult EFT pts. While in our cohort outcome was influenced by age, due to differences in treatment intensity, CCI, and tumor stage, larger studies are warranted to further explore optimized treatment protocols in adult EFT pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Käthe Striefler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Schmiester
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Brandes
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Dörr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Pahl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Campus Mitte, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Dobrindt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Koulaxouzidis
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Congregational Hospital Linz, Sisters of Mercy, Linz, Austria
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Märdian
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Flörcken
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Vasileva E, Warren M, Triche TJ, Amatruda JF. Dysregulated heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism promotes Ewing sarcoma tumor growth. eLife 2022; 11:69734. [PMID: 35285802 PMCID: PMC8942468 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors is a group of malignant small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) that affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The tumors are characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that generate chimeric fusion oncogenes, the most common of which is EWSR1-FLI1. Survival is extremely poor for patients with metastatic or relapsed disease, and no molecularly-targeted therapy for this disease currently exists. The absence of a reliable genetic animal model of Ewing sarcoma has impaired investigation of tumor cell/microenvironmental interactions in vivo. We have developed a new genetic model of Ewing sarcoma based on Cre-inducible expression of human EWSR1-FLI1 in wild type zebrafish, which causes rapid onset of SRBCTs at high penetrance. The tumors express canonical EWSR1-FLI1 target genes and stain for known Ewing sarcoma markers including CD99. Growth of tumors is associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, which we link to dysregulated extracellular matrix metabolism in general and heparan sulfate catabolism in particular. Targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans with the specific heparan sulfate antagonist Surfen reduces ERK1/2 signaling and decreases tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the important role of the extracellular matrix in Ewing sarcoma tumor growth and the potential of agents targeting proteoglycan metabolism as novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vasileva
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Mikako Warren
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Timothy J Triche
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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234
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MC SB, Choudhary A, A. S, Jacob LA, KN L, AH R, LK R, Saldanha S, G. C. Ewing Sarcoma of Phalanx—A Common Tumor with an Uncommon Presentation. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu MC
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akansha Choudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreevalli A.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Linu Abraham Jacob
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lokesh KN
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rudresha AH
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeev LK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Saldanha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Champaka G.
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Seth N, Seth I, Bulloch G, Siu AHY, Guo A, Chatterjee R, MacManus M, Donnan L. 18 F-FDG PET and PET/CT as a diagnostic method for Ewing sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29415. [PMID: 34709700 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18 -fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in imaging primary and metastatic lesions in Ewing sarcoma (ES). METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. Data concerning 18 F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy were extracted and then analyzed using Open Meta-analyst software. Reported diagnostic accuracy outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS Thirty-one studies with a total of 735 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT were: 92.6% and 74.1% for total ES lesions, 96.7% and 68.3% for ES primary lesions, 76.1% and 92.4% for lung metastasis, 83.9% and 93.2% for bone metastasis, and 89.9% and 92.6% for ES recurrence, respectively. CONCLUSION 18 F-FDG PET/CT is sensitive and accurate in diagnosing, staging, and detecting the recurrence of ES compared with non-PET imaging. It has high accuracy for diagnosing recurrence of ES in bone metastases; however, CT remains a superior diagnostic method for detecting lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Seth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ishith Seth
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Hang Yue Siu
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allen Guo
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rukmini Chatterjee
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Leo Donnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Martin JC, Sims JR, Gupta A, Hagoel TJ, Gao L, Lynch ML, Woloszynska A, Melendy T, Kane JF, Kuechle J, Ohm JE. CDC7 kinase (DDK) inhibition disrupts DNA replication leading to mitotic catastrophe in Ewing sarcoma. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:85. [PMID: 35220396 PMCID: PMC8882187 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. In recent years, a large body of evidence has emerged that suggests Ewing tumors harbor large amounts of replication stress (RS). CDC7, also known as DDK (DBF4-dependent kinase), is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions including the regulation of DNA replication initiation and activation of the RS response. Due to DDK's diverse roles during replication, coupled with the fact that there is an increased level of RS within Ewing tumors, we hypothesized that Ewing sarcoma cells would be particularly vulnerable to DDK inhibition. Here, we report that DDK inhibition resulted a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis, specifically in Ewing sarcoma cells. Treatment with DDK inhibitors dramatically reduced the rate of replication, prolonged S-phase, and led to a pronounced increase in phospho-CDC2 (Y15), indicating delay of mitotic entry. The induction of cell death corresponded to mitotic exit and G1 entry, suggesting improper mitotic progression. In accordance with this, we find that DDK inhibition caused premature mitotic entry resulting in mitotic abnormalities such as anaphase bridges, lagging chromosomes, and cells with >2 poles in Ewing sarcoma cells. This abnormal progression through mitosis resulted in mitotic catastrophe as evidenced by the formation of micronuclei and induction of DNA damage. Together, these findings suggest that DDK activity is required for the faithful and timely completion of DNA replication in Ewing cells and that DDK inhibition may present a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Martin
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jennie R. Sims
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Division of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Tamara J. Hagoel
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Division of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Miranda L. Lynch
- grid.249447.80000 0004 0422 1994Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Thomas Melendy
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jeremy F. Kane
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Joseph Kuechle
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Joyce E. Ohm
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
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Knight B, Brierly G, Dimitroulis G. Ewing sarcoma of the facial soft tissues—a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac040. [PMID: 35211287 PMCID: PMC8862721 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon malignancy of the maxillofacial region, primarily affecting the long bones and pelvis of the paediatric population. Within the head and neck, the facial skeleton is responsible for the majority of reported cases. ES poses a challenge to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons due to its rarity and its aggressive nature. This case report is of a 35-year-old female with primary ES in the buccal soft tissues—the first reported case of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau Knight
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3011, Australia
| | - Gary Brierly
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - George Dimitroulis
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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238
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Vanhersecke L, Linck PA, Le Loarer F. [Fusion-related round and spindle cell sarcomas of the bone (beyond Ewing)]. Ann Pathol 2022; 42:227-241. [PMID: 35216845 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Round cell sarcomas represent a diagnostic challenge for pathologists due to the poorly differentiated pattern of these high-grade tumors. Their diagnosis often requires large immunohistochemical panels and the use of molecular pathology. These tumors are largely dominated by Ewing sarcomas, but new families are now well characterized, including in decreasing frequency order in bone, BCOR-altered sarcomas, NFATc2-rearranged sarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and more rarely CIC-rearranged sarcomas and myoepithelial tumors. This progress report presents microscopic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of these tumors previously named by the inappropriate term "Ewing-like" sarcomas, in order to enable any pathologist to perceive the morphological features of these sarcomas, to select the immunohistochemical panel that will lead to the diagnosis and to better guide the molecular approach needed to establish the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Vanhersecke
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France; Département de biopathologie, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - François Le Loarer
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France; Département de biopathologie, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1218, ACTION, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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239
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Hsu JY, Seligson ND, Hays JL, Miles WO, Chen JL. Clinical Utility of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Sarcoma: Successes and Future Challenges. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100211. [PMID: 35108033 PMCID: PMC8820917 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are rare malignancies that exhibit significant pathologic and molecular heterogeneity. Deregulation of the CDKN2A-CCND-CDK4/6-retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) pathway is frequently observed in about 25% of unselected sarcomas and is pathognomonic for specific sarcoma subtypes. This genomic specificity has fueled the clinical evaluation of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcomas. Here, we highlight successes, opportunities, and future challenges for using CDK4/6 inhibitors to treat sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review summarizes the current evidence for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcoma while identifying molecular rationale and predictive biomarkers that provide the foundation for targeting the CDK4/6 pathway in sarcoma. A systematic review was performed of articles indexed in the PubMed database and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov). For each sarcoma subtype, we discuss the preclinical rationale, case reports, and available clinical trials data. RESULTS Despite promising clinical outcomes in a subset of sarcomas, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors results in highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Current clinical data support the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in subsets of sarcoma primarily driven by CDK4/6 deregulation. When dysregulation of the Rb pathway is a secondary driver of sarcoma, combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition may be an option. Developing strategies to identify responders and the mechanisms that drive resistance is important to maximize the clinical utility of these drugs in patients with sarcoma. Potential biomarkers that indicate CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity in sarcoma include CDK4, CCND, CCNE, RB1, E2F1, and CDKN2A. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a major breakthrough for targeted cancer treatment. CDK4/6 inhibitor use in sarcoma has led to limited, but significant, early clinical success. Targeted future clinical research will be key to unlocking the potential of CDK4/6 inhibition in sarcoma. Response to CDK4/6-inhibitors in sarcomas indicate the need for predictive biomarkers specific to this disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Y Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathan D Seligson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John L Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James L Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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240
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Mahmoud AM, Zekri W, Khorshed EN, Shalaby LM. Prognostic significance of survivin expression in pediatric ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:16-27. [PMID: 34076538 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1931588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that inhibits caspases and blocks cell death. It is undetectable in most normal adult tissues. High survivin expression has been detected in various tumors and has been correlated with therapy resistance and poor outcome. We conducted this study to examine survivin expression in pediatric Ewing sarcoma (ES) and evaluate its role in predicting clinical outcome. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 108 pediatric ES patients were examined by immunostaining with survivin rabbit monoclonal antibodies. Survivin was detected in tumor tissues of 72 (66.7%) patients. High expression (≥50%) was detected in 18 (16.7%) patients. High survivin expression was shown to be a significant univariate parameter for poorer overall (OS) and event free survival (EFS) with p value 0.033, and 0.037 respectively. It was confirmed as an independent factor in multivariate analysis for OS (p: 0.041; HR: 1.97 with 95% CI of 1.03-3.79) and EFS (p: 0.049; HR: 1.86 with 95% CI of 1.00-3.46). These results suggest that high survivin expression identifies a group of patients with poor prognosis and this may help to refine risk adapted treatment; however, this needs to be confirmed in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Mohammad Mahmoud
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Zekri
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lobna Mohamed Shalaby
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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241
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Ingley KM, Maleddu A, Grange FL, Gerrand C, Bleyer A, Yasmin E, Whelan J, Strauss SJ. Current approaches to management of bone sarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29442. [PMID: 34767314 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors are a group of histologically diverse diseases that occur across all ages. Two of the commonest, osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are regarded as characteristic adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers with an incidence peak in AYAs. They are curable for some but associated with unacceptably high rates of treatment failure and morbidity. The introduction of effective new therapeutics for bone sarcomas is slow, and to date, complex biology has been insufficiently characterized to allow more rapid therapeutic exploitation. This review focuses on current standards of care, recent advances that have or may soon change that standard of care and challenges to the expert clinical research community that we suggest must be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Ingley
- London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Maleddu
- London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Franel Le Grange
- London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Craig Gerrand
- London Sarcoma Service, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Archie Bleyer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ephia Yasmin
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Whelan
- London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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242
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Korsching E, Matschke J, Hotfilder M. Splice variants denote differences between a cancer stem cell side population of EWSR1‑ERG‑based Ewing sarcoma cells, its main population and EWSR1‑FLI‑based cells. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:39. [PMID: 35088879 PMCID: PMC8815407 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a challenging cancer entity, which, besides the characteristic presence of a fusion gene, is driven by multiple alternative splicing events. So far, splice variants in Ewing sarcoma cells were mainly analyzed for EWSR1‑FLI1. The present study provided a comprehensive alternative splicing study on CADO‑ES1, an Ewing model cell line for an EWSR1‑ERG fusion gene. Based on a well‑-characterized RNA‑sequencing dataset with extensive control mechanisms across all levels of analysis, the differential spliced genes in Ewing cancer stem cells were ATP13A3 and EPB41, while the main population was defined by ACADVL, NOP58 and TSPAN3. All alternatively spliced genes were further characterized by their Gene Ontology (GO) terms and by their membership in known protein complexes. These results confirm and extend previous studies towards a systematic whole‑transcriptome analysis. A highlight is the striking segregation of GO terms associated with five basic splice events. This mechanistic insight, together with a coherent integration of all observations with prior knowledge, indicates that EWSR1‑ERG is truly a close twin to EWSR1‑FLI1, but still exhibits certain individuality. Thus, the present study provided a measure of variability in Ewing sarcoma, whose understanding is essential both for clinical procedures and basic mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Matschke
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Hotfilder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
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243
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Golinelli G, Talami R, Frabetti S, Candini O, Grisendi G, Spano C, Chiavelli C, Arnaud GF, Mari G, Dominici M. A 3D Platform to Investigate Dynamic Cell-to-Cell Interactions Between Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:767253. [PMID: 35111750 PMCID: PMC8802911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here investigated the dynamic cell-to-cell interactions between tumor and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) by the novel VITVOⓇ 3D bioreactor that was customized to develop in vivo-like metastatic nodules of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES). MSCs are known to contribute to tumor microenvironment as cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) precursors and, for this reason, they have also been used as anti-cancer tools. Using dynamic conditions, the process of tissue colonization and formation of metastatic niches was recreated through tumor cell migration aiming to mimic ES development in patients. ES is an aggressive tumor representing the second most common malignant bone cancer in children and young adults. An urgent and unmet need exists for the development of novel treatment strategies to improve the outcomes of metastatic ES. The tumor-tropic ability of MSCs offers an alternative approach, in which these cells can be used as vehicles for the delivery of antitumor molecules, such as the proapoptotic TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). However, the therapeutic targeting of metastases remains challenging and the interaction occurring between tumor cells and MSCs has not yet been deeply investigated. Setting up in vitro and in vivo models to study this interaction is a prerequisite for novel approaches where MSCs affinity for tumor is optimized to ultimately increase their therapeutic efficacy. Here, VITVOⓇ integrating a customized scaffold with an increased inter-fiber distance (VITVO50) was used to develop a dynamic model where MSCs and tumor nodules were evaluated under flow conditions. Colonization and interaction between cell populations were explored by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). VITVO50 findings were then applied in vivo. An ES metastatic model was established in NSG mice and biodistribution of TRAIL-expressing MSCs in mice organs affected by metastases was investigated using a 4-plex ddPCR assay. VITVOⓇ proved to be an easy handling and versatile bioreactor to develop in vivo-like tumor nodules and investigate dynamic cell-to-cell interactions with MSCs. The proposed fluidic system promises to facilitate the understanding of tumor-stroma interaction for the development of novel tumor targeting strategies, simplifying the analysis of in vivo data, and ultimately accelerating the progress towards the early clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Golinelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Golinelli, ; Massimo Dominici,
| | - Rebecca Talami
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gaëlle F. Arnaud
- Science and Technology Park for Medicine, Tecnopolo di Mirandola “Mario Veronesi”, Mirandola, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mari
- Rigenerand Srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
- Science and Technology Park for Medicine, Tecnopolo di Mirandola “Mario Veronesi”, Mirandola, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rigenerand Srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Golinelli, ; Massimo Dominici,
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244
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Katakam S, Anand S, Martin P, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. Necrotic debris and STING exert therapeutically relevant effects on tumor cholesterol homeostasis. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/3/e202101256. [PMID: 34983824 PMCID: PMC8742871 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic debris and STING affect tumor cell growth by altering cholesterol homeostasis in opposing manner, revealing that modulation of cellular cholesterol load may help control tumor growth. Malignant tumors commonly display necrosis, which invariably triggers an inflammatory response that supports tumor growth. However, the effect on tumor cells of necrotic debris, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by dying cells is unknown. Here, we addressed the effect of DAMPs on primary Ewing sarcoma (EwS) cells and cell lines grown in 3D (spheroids) and 2D culture. We show that DAMPs promote the growth of EwS spheroids but not 2D cultures and that the underlying mechanism implicates an increase in cholesterol load in spheroids. In contrast, stimulation of the nucleic acid sensor signaling platform STING by its ligand cyclic GMP-AMP decreases the tumor cell cholesterol load and reduces their tumor initiating ability. Overexpression of STING or stimulation with cyclic GMP-AMP opposes the growth stimulatory effect of DAMPs and synergizes with the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin to inhibit tumor growth. Our observations show that modulation of cholesterol homeostasis is a major effect of necrotic cell debris and STING and suggest that combining STING agonists with statins may help control tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Katakam
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communications (DISCo), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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245
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Cidre-Aranaz F, Li J, Hölting TLB, Orth MF, Imle R, Kutschmann S, Ammirati G, Ceranski K, Carreño-Gonzalez MJ, Kasan M, Marchetto A, Funk CM, Bestvater F, Bersini S, Arrigoni C, Moretti M, Thiel U, Baumhoer D, Sahm F, Pfister SM, Hartmann W, Dirksen U, Romero-Pérez L, Banito A, Ohmura S, Musa J, Kirchner T, Knott MML, Grünewald TGP. Integrative gene network and functional analyses identify a prognostically relevant key regulator of metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:1. [PMID: 34980141 PMCID: PMC8722160 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman L B Hölting
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin F Orth
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Imle
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kutschmann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Ammirati
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Ceranski
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Julia Carreño-Gonzalez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merve Kasan
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aruna Marchetto
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius M Funk
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Facility (W210), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Bersini
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Biomedical Sciences Faculty, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Center, Institute of Pathology of the University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, AYA Unit, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Banito
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Musa
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian M L Knott
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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246
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Cristalli C, Manara MC, Valente S, Pellegrini E, Bavelloni A, De Feo A, Blalock W, Di Bello E, Piñeyro D, Merkel A, Esteller M, Tirado OM, Mai A, Scotlandi K. Novel Targeting of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Inhibits Ewing Sarcoma Cell Proliferation and Enhances Tumor Cell Sensitivity to DNA Damaging Drugs by Activating the DNA Damage Response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876602. [PMID: 35712255 PMCID: PMC9197596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important component of the epigenetic machinery that regulates the malignancy of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), the second most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Coordination of DNA methylation and DNA replication is critical for maintaining epigenetic programming and the DNMT1 enzyme has been demonstrated to have an important role in both maintaining the epigenome and controlling cell cycle. Here, we showed that the novel nonnucleoside DNMT inhibitor (DNMTi) MC3343 induces a specific depletion of DNMT1 and affects EWS tumor proliferation through a mechanism that is independent on DNA methylation. Depletion of DNMT1 causes perturbation of the cell cycle, with an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, and DNA damage, as revealed by the induction of γH2AX foci. These effects elicited activation of p53-dependent signaling and apoptosis in p53wt cells, while in p53 mutated cells, persistent micronuclei and increased DNA instability was observed. Treatment with MC3343 potentiates the efficacy of DNA damaging agents such as doxorubicin and PARP-inhibitors (PARPi). This effect correlates with increased DNA damage and synergistic tumor cytotoxicity, supporting the use of the DNMTi MC3343 as an adjuvant agent in treating EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Piñeyro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
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247
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Irgen-Gioro S, Yoshida S, Walling V, Chong S. Fixation can change the appearance of phase separation in living cells. eLife 2022; 11:79903. [PMID: 36444977 PMCID: PMC9817179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixing cells with paraformaldehyde (PFA) is an essential step in numerous biological techniques as it is thought to preserve a snapshot of biomolecular transactions in living cells. Fixed-cell imaging techniques such as immunofluorescence have been widely used to detect liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vivo. Here, we compared images, before and after fixation, of cells expressing intrinsically disordered proteins that are able to undergo LLPS. Surprisingly, we found that PFA fixation can both enhance and diminish putative LLPS behaviors. For specific proteins, fixation can even cause their droplet-like puncta to artificially appear in cells that do not have any detectable puncta in the live condition. Fixing cells in the presence of glycine, a molecule that modulates fixation rates, can reverse the fixation effect from enhancing to diminishing LLPS appearance. We further established a kinetic model of fixation in the context of dynamic protein-protein interactions. Simulations based on the model suggest that protein localization in fixed cells depends on an intricate balance of protein-protein interaction dynamics, the overall rate of fixation, and notably, the difference between fixation rates of different proteins. Consistent with simulations, live-cell single-molecule imaging experiments showed that a fast overall rate of fixation relative to protein-protein interaction dynamics can minimize fixation artifacts. Our work reveals that PFA fixation changes the appearance of LLPS from living cells, presents a caveat in studying LLPS using fixation-based methods, and suggests a mechanism underlying the fixation artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Shawn Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Victoria Walling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Shasha Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
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Balestra T, Manara MC, Laginestra MA, Pasello M, De Feo A, Bassi C, Guerzoni C, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Donati DM, Negrini M, Magnani M, Scotlandi K. Targeting CD99 Compromises the Oncogenic Effects of the Chimera EWS-FLI1 by Inducing Reexpression of Zyxin and Inhibition of GLI1 Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:58-69. [PMID: 34667115 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive pediatric tumor, is driven by EWS-FLI1, an oncogenic transcription factor that remodels the tumor genetic landscape. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, and the therapeutic value of compounds targeting epigenetic pathways is being identified in preclinical models. Here, we showed that modulation of CD99, a cell surface molecule highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells, may alter transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma through control of the zyxin-GLI1 axis. Zyxin is transcriptionally repressed, but GLI1 expression is maintained by EWS-FLI1. We demonstrated that targeting CD99 with antibodies, including the human diabody C7, or genetically inhibiting CD99 is sufficient to increase zyxin expression and induce its dynamic nuclear accumulation. Nuclear zyxin functionally affects GLI1, inhibiting targets such as NKX2-2, cyclin D1, and PTCH1 and upregulating GAS1, a tumor suppressor protein negatively regulated by SHH/GLI1 signaling. We used a battery of functional assays to demonstrate (i) the relationship between CD99/zyxin and tumor cell growth/migration and (ii) how CD99 deprivation from the Ewing sarcoma cell surface is sufficient to specifically affect the expression of some crucial EWS-FLI1 targets, both in vitro and in vivo, even in the presence of EWS-FLI1. This article reveals that the CD99/zyxin/GLI1 axis is promising therapeutic target for reducing Ewing sarcoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Balestra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clara Guerzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Fano, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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249
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Joo MW, Lee YS, Chung YG, Lee HK. Sarcomas in Teachers Using Three-Dimensional Printers: A Report of Three Patients and Literature Review. Clin Orthop Surg 2022; 14:310-317. [PMID: 35685978 PMCID: PMC9152899 DOI: 10.4055/cios21181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While low-cost, small-scale, desktop three-dimensional (3D) printers are gaining popularity in the education sector, some studies have reported harmful emissions of particles and volatile organic compounds during the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, posing a potential health risk. Sarcomas are rare tumors, constituting a group of diverse rare malignant tumors. While some genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of sarcomas, most cases are idiopathic and sporadic. Methods We secured the medical records and statements about work environment from teachers diagnosed with sarcomas after frequent use of 3D printers in high schools, reviewed the cases, and described them in narrative format. Furthermore, popularization of FDM 3D printers, worrisome emissions released during the printing process, and related precautions and countermeasures were discussed through literature review. Results Exceptionally, the cases of sarcomas, such as Ewing’s sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and well-differentiated liposarcoma, arose in a common specific condition. All the teachers regularly operated 3D printers in poorly ventilated spaces for at least 2 years. They had no past or family history of relevant diseases. Conclusions We first reported three cases of sarcoma in teachers who used 3D printers in poorly ventilated conditions. Although a relationship between the use of 3D printers and the development of sarcomas has not been determined yet, it is important to come up with measures to protect teachers and students using 3D printers from the potential hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wook Joo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kwon Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Zakzok O, Elshanshory M, Zekri W, Elsharkawy N, Zaky I, Salama A, Kamel A, Elantably I, Said S. Prognostic value of detection of CD99 + , CD45 - cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry in children with Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29298. [PMID: 34403190 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of metastasis and recurrence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) is important for early management. This work aimed to detect CD99+ , CD45- cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (FC) before and during chemotherapy and evaluate their prognostic significance. PROCEDURE This prospective cohort study was carried out on 60 children newly diagnosed with ES at Children Cancer Hospital-Egypt 57357 and 40 healthy children control group. Detection of CD99+ , CD45- cells in peripheral blood was accomplished by FC at baseline before treatment and after five cycles of chemotherapy. Samples were classified as positive if they had more than the upper limit of cells observed in the control cases. Correlation between FC results and relapse and overall survival (OS) after one year was performed. RESULTS Median percentage of CD99+ , CD45- cells was significantly increased in patients compared with controls (0.002% vs 0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Post-cycle 5 CD99+ , CD45- cells were increased in 12 patients, of them 11 patients' disease had either relapsed or progressed. Post-cycle 5 CD99+ ; CD45- cells had a 73.3% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity for predicting relapse or progression, whereas baseline only had 6.7% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity. The hazard ratio for mortality in the post-cycle 5 positive group was 18.4 [95% confidence interval (1.86 to 181.46)] times that of the negative group. One year OS was 91.67%. CONCLUSION Post-cycle 5 CD99+ , CD45- cells in peripheral blood by FC is a strong predictor for relapse, progression, and mortality whereas baseline is a poor predictor in newly diagnosed patients with ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Zakzok
- Consultant of Pediatric Oncology, Children Cancer Hospital-Egypt (CCHE), Tanta, 57357, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elshanshory
- Professor of Pediatrics, Hematology, and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wael Zekri
- Professor of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla Elsharkawy
- Consultant of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Zaky
- Professor of Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Head of Radiology department CCHE 57357 Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Salama
- Professor of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamel
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail Elantably
- Lecturer of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shebl Said
- Professor of Pediatrics, Hematology, and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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