1
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Bakaric A, Cironi L, Praz V, Sanalkumar R, Broye LC, Favre-Bulle K, Letovanec I, Digklia A, Renella R, Stamenkovic I, Ott CJ, Nakamura T, Antonescu CR, Rivera MN, Riggi N. CIC-DUX4 Chromatin Profiling Reveals New Epigenetic Dependencies and Actionable Therapeutic Targets in CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:457. [PMID: 38275898 PMCID: PMC10814785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CIC-DUX4-rearranged sarcoma (CDS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue tumor that occurs most frequently in young adults. The key oncogenic driver of this disease is the expression of the CIC-DUX4 fusion protein as a result of chromosomal rearrangements. CIC-DUX4 displays chromatin binding properties, and is therefore believed to function as an aberrant transcription factor. However, the chromatin remodeling events induced by CIC-DUX4 are not well understood, limiting our ability to identify new mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for these patients. Here, we generated a genome-wide profile of CIC-DUX4 DNA occupancy and associated chromatin states in human CDS cell models and primary tumors. Combining chromatin profiling, proximity ligation assays, as well as genetic and pharmacological perturbations, we show that CIC-DUX4 operates as a potent transcriptional activator at its binding sites. This property is in contrast with the repressive function of the wild-type CIC protein, and is mainly mediated through the direct interaction of CIC-DUX4 with the acetyltransferase p300. In keeping with this, we show p300 to be essential for CDS tumor cell proliferation; additionally, we find its pharmacological inhibition to significantly impact tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study elucidates the mechanisms underpinning CIC-DUX4-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bakaric
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Platform Genomics Technologies, Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajendran Sanalkumar
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics, Genentech. Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Liliane C. Broye
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Kerria Favre-Bulle
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Christopher J. Ott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (C.J.O.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Miguel N. Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (C.J.O.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics, Genentech. Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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2
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Sanalkumar R, Dong R, Lee L, Xing YH, Iyer S, Letovanec I, La Rosa S, Finzi G, Musolino E, Papait R, Chebib I, Nielsen GP, Renella R, Cote GM, Choy E, Aryee M, Stegmaier K, Stamenkovic I, Rivera MN, Riggi N. Highly connected 3D chromatin networks established by an oncogenic fusion protein shape tumor cell identity. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabo3789. [PMID: 37000878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate transitions observed in embryonic development involve changes in three-dimensional genomic organization that provide proper lineage specification. Whether similar events occur within tumor cells and contribute to cancer evolution remains largely unexplored. We modeled this process in the pediatric cancer Ewing sarcoma and investigated high-resolution looping and large-scale nuclear conformation changes associated with the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1. We show that chromatin interactions in tumor cells are dominated by highly connected looping hubs centered on EWS-FLI1 binding sites, which directly control the activity of linked enhancers and promoters to establish oncogenic expression programs. Conversely, EWS-FLI1 depletion led to the disassembly of these looping networks and a widespread nuclear reorganization through the establishment of new looping patterns and large-scale compartment configuration matching those observed in mesenchymal stem cells, a candidate Ewing sarcoma progenitor. Our data demonstrate that major architectural features of nuclear organization in cancer cells can depend on single oncogenes and are readily reversed to reestablish latent differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Sanalkumar
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lukuo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hang Xing
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Elettra Musolino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Papait
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- IRCSS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Aryee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Möller E, Praz V, Rajendran S, Dong R, Cauderay A, Xing YH, Lee L, Fusco C, Broye LC, Cironi L, Iyer S, Rengarajan S, Awad ME, Naigles B, Letovanec I, Ormas N, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Sessa F, Chebib I, Petur Nielsen G, Digklia A, Spentzos D, Cote GM, Choy E, Aryee M, Stamenkovic I, Boulay G, Rivera MN, Riggi N. EWSR1-ATF1 dependent 3D connectivity regulates oncogenic and differentiation programs in Clear Cell Sarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2267. [PMID: 35477713 PMCID: PMC9046276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusion proteins generated by chromosomal translocations play major roles in cancer. Among them, fusions between EWSR1 and transcription factors generate oncogenes with powerful chromatin regulatory activities, capable of establishing complex gene expression programs in permissive precursor cells. Here we define the epigenetic and 3D connectivity landscape of Clear Cell Sarcoma, an aggressive cancer driven by the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene. We find that EWSR1-ATF1 displays a distinct DNA binding pattern that requires the EWSR1 domain and promotes ATF1 retargeting to new distal sites, leading to chromatin activation and the establishment of a 3D network that controls oncogenic and differentiation signatures observed in primary CCS tumors. Conversely, EWSR1-ATF1 depletion results in a marked reconfiguration of 3D connectivity, including the emergence of regulatory circuits that promote neural crest-related developmental programs. Taken together, our study elucidates the epigenetic mechanisms utilized by EWSR1-ATF1 to establish regulatory networks in CCS, and points to precursor cells in the neural crest lineage as candidate cells of origin for these tumors. The relationship between cellular histogenesis and molecular phenotypes for the EWSR1- ATF1 fusion in clear cell sarcoma (CCS) requires further characterization. Here, the authors investigate the EWSR1-ATF1 gene regulation networks in CCS cell lines, primary tumors, and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Möller
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanalkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Cauderay
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hang Xing
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lukuo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane C Broye
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Awad
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Beverly Naigles
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ormas
- Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Aryee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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ElMokh O, Matsumoto S, Biniecka P, Bellotti A, Schaeuble K, Piacente F, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J, Stamenkovic I, Nencioni A, Nahimana A, Duchosal MA. Gut microbiota severely hampers the efficacy of NAD-lowering therapy in leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:320. [PMID: 35396381 PMCID: PMC8993809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer cells have high need for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to sustain their survival. This led to the development of inhibitors of nicotinamide (NAM) phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting NAD+ biosynthesis enzyme from NAM. Such inhibitors kill cancer cells in preclinical studies but failed in clinical ones. To identify parameters that could negatively affect the therapeutic efficacy of NAMPT inhibitors and propose therapeutic strategies to circumvent such failure, we performed metabolomics analyses in tumor environment and explored the effect of the interaction between microbiota and cancer cells. Here we show that tumor environment enriched in vitamin B3 (NAM) or nicotinic acid (NA) significantly lowers the anti-tumor efficacy of APO866, a prototypic NAMPT inhibitor. Additionally, bacteria (from the gut, or in the medium) can convert NAM into NA and thus fuel an alternative NAD synthesis pathway through NA. This leads to the rescue from NAD depletion, prevents reactive oxygen species production, preserves mitochondrial integrity, blunts ATP depletion, and protects cancer cells from death. Our data in an in vivo preclinical model reveal that antibiotic therapy down-modulating gut microbiota can restore the anti-cancer efficacy of APO866. Alternatively, NAphosphoribosyltransferase inhibition may restore anti-cancer activity of NAMPT inhibitors in the presence of gut microbiota and of NAM in the diet. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama ElMokh
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saki Matsumoto
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Biniecka
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Bellotti
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karin Schaeuble
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Department of Formation and Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 27-sud, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Service of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Katakam S, Anand S, Martin P, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. Necrotic debris and STING exert therapeutically relevant effects on tumor cholesterol homeostasis. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/3/e202101256. [PMID: 34983824 PMCID: PMC8742871 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic debris and STING affect tumor cell growth by altering cholesterol homeostasis in opposing manner, revealing that modulation of cellular cholesterol load may help control tumor growth. Malignant tumors commonly display necrosis, which invariably triggers an inflammatory response that supports tumor growth. However, the effect on tumor cells of necrotic debris, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by dying cells is unknown. Here, we addressed the effect of DAMPs on primary Ewing sarcoma (EwS) cells and cell lines grown in 3D (spheroids) and 2D culture. We show that DAMPs promote the growth of EwS spheroids but not 2D cultures and that the underlying mechanism implicates an increase in cholesterol load in spheroids. In contrast, stimulation of the nucleic acid sensor signaling platform STING by its ligand cyclic GMP-AMP decreases the tumor cell cholesterol load and reduces their tumor initiating ability. Overexpression of STING or stimulation with cyclic GMP-AMP opposes the growth stimulatory effect of DAMPs and synergizes with the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin to inhibit tumor growth. Our observations show that modulation of cholesterol homeostasis is a major effect of necrotic cell debris and STING and suggest that combining STING agonists with statins may help control tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Katakam
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communications (DISCo), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Department of Research and Education, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Keskin T, Rucci B, Cornaz-Buros S, Martin P, Fusco C, Broye L, Cisarova K, Perez EM, Letovanec I, La Rosa S, Cherix S, Diezi M, Renella R, Provero P, Suvà ML, Stamenkovic I, Riggi N. A live single-cell reporter assay links intratumor heterogeneity to metastatic proclivity in Ewing sarcoma. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf9394. [PMID: 34215585 PMCID: PMC11060044 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of the most aggressive tumor cell subpopulations is key for effective management of most solid malignancies. However, the metastable nature of tumor heterogeneity, which allows cells to transition between strong and weak tumorigenic phenotypes, and the lack of reliable markers of tumor-promoting properties hamper identification of the most relevant cells. To overcome these obstacles, we designed a functional microRNA (miR)-based live-cell reporter assay to identify highly tumorigenic cells in xenotransplants of primary Ewing sarcoma (EwS) 3D cultures. Leveraging the inverse relationship between cell pluripotency and miR-145 expression, we successfully separated highly tumorigenic, metastasis-prone (miR-145low) cells from poorly tumorigenic, nonmetastatic (miR-145high) counterparts. Gene expression and functional studies of the two cell populations identified the EPHB2 receptor as a prognostic biomarker in patients with EwS and a major promoter of metastasis. Our study provides a simple and powerful means to identify and isolate tumor cells that display aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Keskin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Rucci
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Cornaz-Buros
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Broye
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Cisarova
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth M Perez
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cherix
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Diezi
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Neurosciences Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Center of Omics Sciences, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Keskin T, Bakaric A, Waszyk P, Boulay G, Torsello M, Cornaz-Buros S, Chevalier N, Geiser T, Martin P, Volorio A, Iyer S, Kulkarni A, Letovanec I, Cherix S, Cote GM, Choy E, Digklia A, Montemurro M, Chebib I, Nielsen PG, Carcaboso AM, Mora J, Renella R, Suvà ML, Fusco C, Provero P, Rivera MN, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. LIN28B Underlies the Pathogenesis of a Subclass of Ewing Sarcoma LIN28B Control of EWS-FLI1 Stability. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4567-4583.e5. [PMID: 32234488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is associated with poor prognosis despite current multimodal therapy. Targeting of EWS-FLI1, the fusion protein responsible for its pathogenesis, and its principal downstream targets has not yet produced satisfactory therapeutic options, fueling the search for alternative approaches. Here, we show that the oncofetal RNA-binding protein LIN28B regulates the stability of EWS-FLI1 mRNA in ~10% of EwSs. LIN28B depletion in these tumors leads to a decrease in the expression of EWS-FLI1 and its direct transcriptional network, abrogating EwS cell self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of LIN28B mimics the effect of LIN28B depletion, suggesting that LIN28B sustains the emergence of a subset of EwS in which it also serves as an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Keskin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bakaric
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Waszyk
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matteo Torsello
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Cornaz-Buros
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Chevalier
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Geiser
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Volorio
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anupriya Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cherix
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Montemurro
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Petur G Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riggi
- From the Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N.R., I.S.); and the Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the Broad Institute of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge - both in Massachusetts (M.L.S.)
| | - Mario L Suvà
- From the Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N.R., I.S.); and the Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the Broad Institute of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge - both in Massachusetts (M.L.S.)
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- From the Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N.R., I.S.); and the Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the Broad Institute of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge - both in Massachusetts (M.L.S.)
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9
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Boulay G, Cironi L, Garcia SP, Rengarajan S, Xing YH, Lee L, Awad ME, Naigles B, Iyer S, Broye LC, Keskin T, Cauderay A, Fusco C, Letovanec I, Chebib I, Nielsen PG, Tercier S, Cherix S, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Cote G, Choy E, Provero P, Suvà ML, Rivera MN, Stamenkovic I, Riggi N. The chromatin landscape of primary synovial sarcoma organoids is linked to specific epigenetic mechanisms and dependencies. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/2/e202000808. [PMID: 33361335 PMCID: PMC7768195 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have addressed the mechanisms by which the fusion protein SS18-SSX modifies the epigenome toward the development of synovial sarcoma and the establishment of its potentially targetable vulnerabilities. Synovial sarcoma (SyS) is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy invariably associated with the chromosomal translocation t(X:18; p11:q11), which results in the in-frame fusion of the BAF complex gene SS18 to one of three SSX genes. Fusion of SS18 to SSX generates an aberrant transcriptional regulator, which, in permissive cells, drives tumor development by initiating major chromatin remodeling events that disrupt the balance between BAF-mediated gene activation and polycomb-dependent repression. Here, we developed SyS organoids and performed genome-wide epigenomic profiling of these models and mesenchymal precursors to define SyS-specific chromatin remodeling mechanisms and dependencies. We show that SS18-SSX induces broad BAF domains at its binding sites, which oppose polycomb repressor complex (PRC) 2 activity, while facilitating recruitment of a non-canonical (nc)PRC1 variant. Along with the uncoupling of polycomb complexes, we observed H3K27me3 eviction, H2AK119ub deposition and the establishment of de novo active regulatory elements that drive SyS identity. These alterations are completely reversible upon SS18-SSX depletion and are associated with vulnerability to USP7 loss, a core member of ncPRC1.1. Using the power of primary tumor organoids, our work helps define the mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation on which SyS cells are dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hang Xing
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lukuo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Awad
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beverly Naigles
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliane C Broye
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tugba Keskin
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Cauderay
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petur Gunnalugur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stéphane Tercier
- Department of Woman-Mother Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cherix
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Cote
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Galland S, Martin P, Fregni G, Letovanec I, Stamenkovic I. Attenuation of the pro-inflammatory signature of lung cancer-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by statins. Cancer Lett 2020; 484:50-64. [PMID: 32418888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor growth triggers a dynamic host response, which recapitulates wound healing and defines the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to the action of the tumor cells themselves, the TME is maintained by a myriad of immune and stromal cell-derived soluble mediators and extracellular matrix components whose combined action supports tumor progression. However, therapeutic targeting of the TME has proven challenging because of incomplete understanding of the tumor-host crosstalk at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary cancer cells (PCCs) from human squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC). We discovered that PCCs secrete CCL3 and stimulate IL-6, CCL2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in MSCs and that the MSC-PCC crosstalk can be disrupted by the lipid-lowering drug simvastatin, which displays pleiotropic effects on cell metabolism and suppresses IL-6 and CCL2 production by MSCs and CCL3 secretion by PCCs. In addition, simvastatin inhibited spheroid formation by PCCs and negatively affected PCC survival. Our observations demonstrate that commonly used statins may be repurposed to target the TME in lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Fregni
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Clinical Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Keskin T, Bakaric A, Waszyk P, Boulay G, Torsello M, Cornaz-Buros S, Chevalier N, Geiser T, Martin P, Volorio A, Iyer S, Kulkarni A, Letovanec I, Cherix S, Cote GM, Choy E, Digklia A, Montemurro M, Chebib I, Nielsen PG, Carcaboso AM, Mora J, Renella R, Suvà ML, Fusco C, Provero P, Rivera MN, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. LIN28B Underlies the Pathogenesis of a Subclass of Ewing Sarcoma. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Galland S, Stamenkovic I. Mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer: a review of their immunomodulatory functions and dual effects on tumor progression. J Pathol 2019; 250:555-572. [PMID: 31608444 PMCID: PMC7217065 DOI: 10.1002/path.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells implicated in a broad range of physiological events, including organogenesis and maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as tissue regeneration and repair. Because their current definition is somewhat loose – based primarily on their ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues, adhere to plastic, and express, or lack, a handful of cell surface markers – MSCs likely encompass several subpopulations, which may have diverse properties. Their diversity may explain, at least in part, the pleiotropic functions that they display in different physiological and pathological settings. In the context of tissue injury, MSCs can respectively promote and attenuate inflammation during the early and late phases of tissue repair. They may thereby act as sensors of the inflammatory response and secrete mediators that boost or temper the response as required by the stage of the reparatory and regenerative process. MSCs are also implicated in regulating tumor development, in which they are increasingly recognized to play a complex role. Thus, MSCs can both promote and constrain tumor progression by directly affecting tumor cells via secreted mediators and cell–cell interactions and by modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This review summarizes our current understanding of MSC involvement in tumor development and highlights the mechanistic underpinnings of their implication in tumor growth and progression. © 2020 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a highly aggressive soft tissue malignancy that often affects adolescents and young adults. It is associated with a unique chromosomal translocation that results in the formation and expression of the fusion gene SS18-SSX, which underlies its pathogenesis. Although SS18-SSX provides a potentially unique therapeutic target, all attempts to neutralise it have been unsuccessful thus far. When complete surgical removal of the tumour fails, therapy is limited to largely ineffective cytotoxic drug regimens. Nevertheless, recent discoveries about the mechanisms of SS18-SSX protein function have provided insight into potential alternative therapeutic strategies. SS18-SSX displays oncogenic activity through protein-protein interactions and participation in chromatin remodelling complexes. This review summarises our current understanding of the function of SS18-SSX and the mechanisms by which it alters the epigenetic landscape of permissive cells to induce transformation and the subsequent development of synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Boulay G, Sandoval GJ, Riggi N, Iyer S, Buisson R, Naigles B, Awad ME, Rengarajan S, Volorio A, McBride MJ, Broye LC, Zou L, Stamenkovic I, Kadoch C, Rivera MN. Abstract PR09: Cancer-specific retargeting of BAF complexes by a prion-like domain. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-pr09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alterations in transcriptional regulators can orchestrate oncogenic gene expression programs in cancer. Here we show that the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex, which is mutated in over 20% of human tumors, interacts with EWSR1, a member of a family of proteins with prion-like domains (PrLD) that are frequent partners in oncogenic fusions with transcription factors. In Ewing sarcoma, we find that the BAF complex is recruited by the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein to tumor-specific enhancers and contributes to target gene activation. This process is a neomorphic property of EWS-FLI1 compared to wild-type FLI1 and depends on tyrosine residues that are necessary for phase transitions of the EWSR1 prion-like domain. Furthermore, fusion of short fragments of EWSR1 to FLI1 is sufficient to recapitulate BAF complex retargeting and EWS-FLI1 activities. Our studies thus demonstrate that the physical properties of prion-like domains can retarget critical chromatin regulatory complexes to establish and maintain oncogenic gene expression programs.
Citation Format: Gaylor Boulay, Gabriel J. Sandoval, Nicolo Riggi, Sowmya Iyer, Rémi Buisson, Beverly Naigles, Mary E. Awad, Shruthi Rengarajan, Angela Volorio, Matthew J. McBride, Liliane C. Broye, Lee Zou, Ivan Stamenkovic, Cigall Kadoch, Miguel N. Rivera. Cancer-specific retargeting of BAF complexes by a prion-like domain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylor Boulay
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Nicolo Riggi
- 3Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Rémi Buisson
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Beverly Naigles
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Mary E. Awad
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Angela Volorio
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Liliane C. Broye
- 3Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Lee Zou
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- 3Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Miguel N. Rivera
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
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15
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Boulay G, Volorio A, Iyer S, Broye LC, Stamenkovic I, Riggi N, Rivera MN. Epigenome editing of microsatellite repeats defines tumor-specific enhancer functions and dependencies. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1008-1019. [PMID: 30042132 PMCID: PMC6075149 DOI: 10.1101/gad.315192.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Boulay et al. find that a subset of microsatellite repeats is transcriptionally active in Ewing sarcoma and that silencing individual repeats abolishes local nascent transcription and leads to markedly reduced expression of putative target genes. Various types of repetitive sequences are dysregulated in cancer. In Ewing sarcoma, the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1 induces chromatin features typical of active enhancers at GGAA microsatellite repeats, but the function of these sites has not been directly demonstrated. Here, by combining nascent transcription profiling with epigenome editing, we found that a subset of GGAA microsatellite repeats is transcriptionally active in Ewing sarcoma and that silencing individual repeats abolishes local nascent transcription and leads to markedly reduced expression of putative target genes. Epigenome silencing of these repeat sites does not affect gene expression in unrelated cells, can prevent the induction of gene expression by EWS-FLI1, and, in the case of a GGAA repeat that controls SOX2 expression from a distance of 470 kb, is sufficient to impair the growth of Ewing sarcoma xenografts. Using an experimental approach that is broadly applicable to testing different types of repetitive genomic elements, our study directly demonstrates that specific repeat microsatellites can have critical gene regulation functions in cancer and thus represent tumor-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Angela Volorio
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Institute of Pathology, Department of Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Liliane C Broye
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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16
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Fregni G, Quinodoz M, Möller E, Vuille J, Galland S, Fusco C, Martin P, Letovanec I, Provero P, Rivolta C, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. Reciprocal modulation of mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells promotes lung cancer metastasis. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:128-145. [PMID: 29503225 PMCID: PMC5925622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a multi-step process in which direct crosstalk between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays a key role. Here, we assessed the effect of paired tumor-associated and normal lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the growth and dissemination of primary human lung carcinoma cells isolated from the same patients. We show that the tumor microenvironment modulates MSC gene expression and identify a four-gene MSC signature that is functionally implicated in promoting metastasis. We also demonstrate that tumor-associated MSCs induce the expression of genes associated with an aggressive phenotype in primary lung cancer cells and selectively promote their dissemination rather than local growth. Our observations provide insight into mechanisms by which the stroma promotes lung cancer metastasis. Distinct gene expression profiles distinguish normal lung and tumor-associated MSCs. MSCs induce EMT- and hypoxia-related genes in primary tumor cells and promote their metastatic potential. A 4-gene T-MSC signature is involved in MSC-induced metastasis promotion.
The tumor microenvironment, which includes mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) among many other stromal cell types, plays a fundamental role in cancer metastasis. Although MSCs are suggested to participate in tumor progression, most studies thus far have been performed on bone marrow-derived MSCs and cancer cell lines. Using primary human pulmonary MSCs and paired lung cancer cells, we show that tumor cells modulate MSCs to acquire properties, including a four-gene signature, which allow them to promote tumor dissemination. Our results provide insight into the mutual cancer cell-stromal cell modulation that drives tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fregni
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Emely Möller
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Vuille
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Galland
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan20132, Italy; Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
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17
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Riggi N, Aguet M, Stamenkovic I. Cancer Metastasis: A Reappraisal of Its Underlying Mechanisms and Their Relevance to Treatment. Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis 2018; 13:117-140. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-044127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Aguet
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Galland S, Vuille J, Martin P, Letovanec I, Caignard A, Fregni G, Stamenkovic I. Tumor-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Use Distinct Mechanisms to Block the Activity of Natural Killer Cell Subsets. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2891-2905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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19
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Boulay G, Sandoval GJ, Riggi N, Iyer S, Buisson R, Naigles B, Awad ME, Rengarajan S, Volorio A, McBride MJ, Broye LC, Zou L, Stamenkovic I, Kadoch C, Rivera MN. Cancer-Specific Retargeting of BAF Complexes by a Prion-like Domain. Cell 2017; 171:163-178.e19. [PMID: 28844694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in transcriptional regulators can orchestrate oncogenic gene expression programs in cancer. Here, we show that the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex, which is mutated in over 20% of human tumors, interacts with EWSR1, a member of a family of proteins with prion-like domains (PrLD) that are frequent partners in oncogenic fusions with transcription factors. In Ewing sarcoma, we find that the BAF complex is recruited by the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein to tumor-specific enhancers and contributes to target gene activation. This process is a neomorphic property of EWS-FLI1 compared to wild-type FLI1 and depends on tyrosine residues that are necessary for phase transitions of the EWSR1 prion-like domain. Furthermore, fusion of short fragments of EWSR1 to FLI1 is sufficient to recapitulate BAF complex retargeting and EWS-FLI1 activities. Our studies thus demonstrate that the physical properties of prion-like domains can retarget critical chromatin regulatory complexes to establish and maintain oncogenic gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gabriel J Sandoval
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rémi Buisson
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Beverly Naigles
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mary E Awad
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Angela Volorio
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew J McBride
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Liliane C Broye
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Zou
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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20
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Degrauwe N, Suvà ML, Janiszewska M, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. IMPs: an RNA-binding protein family that provides a link between stem cell maintenance in normal development and cancer. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2459-2474. [PMID: 27940961 PMCID: PMC5159662 DOI: 10.1101/gad.287540.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review by Degrauwe et al. summarizes our current understanding of the functions of IMPs during normal development and focuses on a series of recent observations that have provided new insight into how their physiological functions enable IMPs to play a potentially key role in cancer stem cell maintenance and tumor growth. IMPs, also known as insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), are highly conserved oncofetal RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate RNA processing at several levels, including localization, translation, and stability. Three mammalian IMP paralogs (IMP1–3) have been identified that are expressed in most organs during embryogenesis, where they are believed to play an important role in cell migration, metabolism, and stem cell renewal. Whereas some IMP2 expression is retained in several adult mouse organs, IMP1 and IMP3 are either absent or expressed at very low levels in most tissues after birth. However, all three paralogs can be re-expressed upon malignant transformation and are found in a broad range of cancer types where their expression often correlates with poor prognosis. IMPs appear to resume their physiological functions in malignant cells, which not only contribute to tumor progression but participate in the establishment and maintenance of tumor cell hierarchies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the functions of IMPs during normal development and focuses on a series of recent observations that have provided new insight into how their physiological functions enable IMPs to play a potentially key role in cancer stem cell maintenance and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Degrauwe
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Mario-Luca Suvà
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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21
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Degrauwe N, Schlumpf TB, Janiszewska M, Martin P, Cauderay A, Provero P, Riggi N, Suvà ML, Paro R, Stamenkovic I. The RNA Binding Protein IMP2 Preserves Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Preventing let-7 Target Gene Silencing. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1634-47. [PMID: 27184842 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can drive tumor growth, and their maintenance may rely on post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including that mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The let-7 miRNA family has been shown to induce differentiation by silencing stem cell programs. Let-7-mediated target gene suppression is prevented by LIN28A/B, which reduce let-7 biogenesis in normal embryonic and some cancer stem cells and ensure maintenance of stemness. Here, we find that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) lack LIN28 and express both let-7 and their target genes, suggesting LIN28-independent protection from let-7 silencing. Using photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), we show that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2) binds to let-7 miRNA recognition elements (MREs) and prevents let-7 target gene silencing. Our observations define the RNA-binding repertoire of IMP2 and identify a mechanism whereby it supports GSC and neural stem cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Degrauwe
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommy B Schlumpf
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patricia Martin
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Cauderay
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario-L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Renato Paro
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Dayer C, Stamenkovic I. Recruitment of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to the Fibroblast Cell Surface by Lysyl Hydroxylase 3 (LH3) Triggers Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Activation and Fibroblast Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13763-78. [PMID: 25825495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumor growth triggers a wound healing response. Similar to wound healing, fibroblasts in the tumor stroma differentiate into myofibroblasts (also referred to as cancer-associated fibroblasts) primarily, but not exclusively, in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Myofibroblasts in turn enhance tumor progression by remodeling the stroma. Among proteases implicated in stroma remodeling, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-9, play a prominent role. Recent evidence indicates that MMP-9 recruitment to the tumor cell surface enhances tumor growth and invasion. In the present work, we addressed the potential relevance of MMP-9 recruitment to and activity at the surface of fibroblasts. We show that recruitment of MMP-9 to the fibroblast cell surface occurs through its fibronectin-like (FN) domain and that the molecule responsible for the recruitment is lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3). Functional assays suggest that both pro- and active MMP-9 trigger α-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured fibroblasts, reflecting myofibroblast differentiation, possibly as a result of TGF-β activation. Moreover, the recombinant FN domain inhibited both MMP-9-induced TGF-β activation and α-smooth muscle actin expression by displacing MMP-9 from the fibroblast cell surface. Together our results uncover LH3 as a new docking receptor of MMP-9 on the fibroblast cell surface and demonstrate that the MMP-9 FN domain is essential for the interaction. They also show that the recombinant FN domain inhibits MMP-9-induced TGF-β activation and fibroblast differentiation, providing a potentially attractive therapeutic reagent toward attenuating tumor progression where MMP-9 activity is strongly implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dayer
- From the Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, Lausanne CH1011, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- From the Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, Lausanne CH1011, Switzerland
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23
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Janiszewska M, Suva ML, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. Abstract 1137: Imp2 controls oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Le Bitoux MA, Waeber S, Stamenkovic I. Abstract 4980: Myeloid cells display immunosuppression activities during pregnancy, participating to the establishment of pre-metastatic niches. Tumour Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Riggi N, Knoechel B, Gillespie SM, Rheinbay E, Boulay G, Suvà ML, Rossetti NE, Boonseng WE, Oksuz O, Cook EB, Formey A, Patel A, Gymrek M, Thapar V, Deshpande V, Ting DT, Hornicek FJ, Nielsen GP, Stamenkovic I, Aryee MJ, Bernstein BE, Rivera MN. EWS-FLI1 utilizes divergent chromatin remodeling mechanisms to directly activate or repress enhancer elements in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:668-681. [PMID: 25453903 PMCID: PMC4492343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant transcription factor EWS-FLI1 drives Ewing sarcoma, but its molecular function is not completely understood. We find that EWS-FLI1 reprograms gene regulatory circuits in Ewing sarcoma by directly inducing or repressing enhancers. At GGAA repeat elements, which lack evolutionary conservation and regulatory potential in other cell types, EWS-FLI1 multimers induce chromatin opening and create de novo enhancers that physically interact with target promoters. Conversely, EWS-FLI1 inactivates conserved enhancers containing canonical ETS motifs by displacing wild-type ETS transcription factors. These divergent chromatin-remodeling patterns repress tumor suppressors and mesenchymal lineage regulators while activating oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as the kinase VRK1. Our findings demonstrate how EWS-FLI1 establishes an oncogenic regulatory program governing both tumor survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Esther Rheinbay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikki E Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wannaporn E Boonseng
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozgur Oksuz
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward B Cook
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurélie Formey
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anoop Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishal Thapar
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Cornaz-Buros S, Riggi N, DeVito C, Sarre A, Letovanec I, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. Targeting cancer stem-like cells as an approach to defeating cellular heterogeneity in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6610-22. [PMID: 25261238 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity in cancer stem-like cells (CSC) may provide a key basis for cancer heterogeneity and therapeutic response. In this study, we assessed the effect of combining a drug that abrogates CSC properties with standard-of-care therapy in a Ewing sarcoma family tumor (ESFT). Emergence of CSC in this setting has been shown to arise from a defect in TARBP2-dependent microRNA maturation, which can be corrected by exposure to the fluoroquinolone enoxacin. In the present work, primary ESFT from four patients containing CD133(+) CSC subpopulations ranging from 3% to 17% of total tumor cells were subjected to treatment with enoxacin, doxorubicin, or both drugs. Primary ESFT CSC and bulk tumor cells displayed divergent responses to standard-of-care chemotherapy and enoxacin. Doxorubicin, which targets the tumor bulk, displayed toxicity toward primary adherent ESFT cells in culture but not to CSC-enriched ESFT spheres. Conversely, enoxacin, which enhances miRNA maturation by stimulating TARBP2 function, induced apoptosis but only in ESFT spheres. In combination, the two drugs markedly depleted CSCs and strongly reduced primary ESFTs in xenograft assays. Our results identify a potentially attractive therapeutic strategy for ESFT that combines mechanism-based targeting of CSC using a low-toxicity antibiotic with a standard-of-care cytotoxic drug, offering immediate applications for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Cornaz-Buros
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claudio DeVito
- Department of Pathology, HUG and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Mouse Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Clinical Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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De Vito C, Riggi N, Cornaz S, Stamenkovic I. Abstract 1958: Disregulation of TARBP-2 dependent miRNA maturation : A potential new therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma.. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have recently shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles is the generation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in Ewing sarcoma familly tumors (ESFT). Here we compared the miRNA expression profile of ESFT CSCs to that of embryonic stem cells and CSCs from different tumor, which seem to be shared by these different cell types. Our data suggests that the mechanisms implicated in the miRNAs CSC signature rely on a reversible TARBP-2 dependent miRNA maturation defect. Restoration of TARBP2 activity either through chemical compounds or systemic delivery of synthetic forms of two of its targets, miRNA-143 or miRNA-145, inhibited ESFT CSC growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together our observations provide new therapeutic strategies through restoration of normal miRNA expression profile, inhibiting CSC self-renewal and tumor maintenance.
Citation Format: Claudio De Vito, Nicolo Riggi, Sandrine Cornaz, Ivan Stamenkovic. Disregulation of TARBP-2 dependent miRNA maturation : A potential new therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1958. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1958
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28
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Janiszewska M, Suvà ML, Riggi N, Houtkooper RH, Auwerx J, Clément-Schatlo V, Radovanovic I, Rheinbay E, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. Imp2 controls oxidative phosphorylation and is crucial for preserving glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1926-44. [PMID: 22899010 DOI: 10.1101/gad.188292.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth of numerous cancer types is believed to be driven by a subpopulation of poorly differentiated cells, often referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), that have the capacity for self-renewal, tumor initiation, and generation of nontumorigenic progeny. Despite their potentially key role in tumor establishment and maintenance, the energy requirements of these cells and the mechanisms that regulate their energy production are unknown. Here, we show that the oncofetal insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2, IGF2BP2) regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in primary glioblastoma (GBM) sphere cultures (gliomaspheres), an established in vitro model for CSC expansion. We demonstrate that IMP2 binds several mRNAs that encode mitochondrial respiratory chain complex subunits and that it interacts with complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) proteins. Depletion of IMP2 in gliomaspheres decreases their oxygen consumption rate and both complex I and complex IV activity that results in impaired clonogenicity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, inhibition of OXPHOS but not of glycolysis abolishes GBM cell clonogenicity. Our observations suggest that gliomaspheres depend on OXPHOS for their energy production and survival and that IMP2 expression provides a key mechanism to ensure OXPHOS maintenance by delivering respiratory chain subunit-encoding mRNAs to mitochondria and contributing to complex I and complex IV assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratories, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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29
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De Vito C, Riggi N, Cornaz S, Suvà ML, Baumer K, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. A TARBP2-dependent miRNA expression profile underlies cancer stem cell properties and provides candidate therapeutic reagents in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:807-21. [PMID: 22698405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that human pediatric mesenchymal stem cells can be reprogrammed toward a Ewing sarcoma family tumor (ESFT) cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype by mechanisms that implicate microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we show that the miRNA profile of ESFT CSCs is shared by embryonic stem cells and CSCs from divergent tumor types. We also provide evidence that the miRNA profile of ESFT CSCs is the result of reversible disruption of TARBP2-dependent miRNA maturation. Restoration of TARBP2 activity and systemic delivery of synthetic forms of either of two of its targets, miRNA-143 or miRNA-145, inhibited ESFT CSC clonogenicity and tumor growth in vivo. Our observations suggest that CSC self-renewal and tumor maintenance may depend on deregulation of TARBP2-dependent miRNA expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Vito
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dayer C, Fusco C, Le-Bitoux MA, Stamenkovic I. Abstract 1504: Dual effect of MMP-9 and its fibronectin-like domain in tumor growth and invasion. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors are often compared to wounds that do not heal, where the crosstalk between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma is crucial at all stages of development from the initial primary growth to metastasis. Similar to wound healing, fibroblasts in the tumor stroma differentiate into myofibroblasts, also referred to as “cancer-associated fibroblasts” (CAFs), primarily, but not exclusively, in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Myofibroblasts in turn enhance tumor progression by remodeling the stroma. Among molecules implicated in stromal remodeling, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and MMP-9 in particular, play a prominent role. However, the mechanisms that regulate MMP-9 activation and function remain poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that tumor cell surface association of MMP-9 is an important event in its activation, and more generally in tumor growth and invasion. Based on these observations, we addressed the potential association of MMP-9 activity with cell-surface recruitment on human fibroblasts. We show for the first time that recruitment of MMP-9 to the MRC5 fibroblast cell surface occurs through the fibronectin-like (FN) domain, found only in MMP-9 and MMP-2. Functional assays suggest that the active form of MMP-9 triggers α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression in resting fibroblasts that reflects myofibroblast differentiation, possibly through TGF-β activation. Preliminary xenograft experiments using HT1080 fibrosarcoma or MDA-MD231 breast adenocarcinoma cells stably expressing the FN domain of MMP-9 in NOD/SCID mice revealed decreased primary tumor growth suggesting that the FN domain alone can displace MMP-9 proteolytic activity from the cell surface. However, in the context of metastasis, expression of the FN domain by these same tumor cells dramatically increases their metastatic proclivity whereas expression of wt MMP-9 either promotes no change or actually reduces the number of metastases. These observations suggest a dual role of MMP-9 and its FN domain in primary tumor growth and metastasis, illustrating protective effects of MMPs in tumor progression and invasion.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1504. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1504
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Le-Bitoux MA, Stamenkovic I. Abstract 410: NLRP3 is involved in tumor development by regulating immune function. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein cytoplasmic complex that mediates the processing of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18 and possibly IL-33, via the activation of Caspase-1. While NLRP3 has been widely described in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, its role in tumor-host interactions, where inflammation is known to be a major player, has yet to be fully elucidated. We observed that DMBA carcinogen treatment that induced large and numerous papillomas in the skin of wt mice induced barely visible lesions in NLRP3 deficient counterparts. Similarly IV injection of B16F10 melanoma cells resulted in multiple lung metastases in wt mice but virtually no metastatic growth in NLRP3-deficient animals. The NLRP3 inflammasome thus appears to be a key helper for tumor cell growth and survival at both primary and secondary sites. Bone marrow transplantation revealed that leukocyte-derived NLRP3 plays a key role in supporting tumor cell survival prompting us to compare the immune cell distribution and function in NLRP3 deficient mice to those in wt littermates, in both the presence and absence of tumor growth. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cell populations in these mice allowed us to link NRLP3 to the recruitment, adaptation and ability of the immune system to target tumor cells. We observed that compared to wt animals, NLRP3 KO mice had fewer CD3+CD4+ T cells, NK cells and F4/80+CD11c+ myeloid cells but more CD11b+Gr1+ cells, B lymphocytes and F4/80+CD206+ macrophages of the M2 phenotype in the spleen. The increased numbers of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2 macrophages in mice that displayed decreased tumor growth was counterintuitive but was associated with functional impairment that could explain decreased permissiveness of the microenvironment for tumor growth. Our observations provide a framework to investigate the mechanistic implication of NLRP3 in the relationship between tumor cells and their microenvironment.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 410. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-410
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Janiszewska M, Suva ML, Houtkooper RH, Clement-Schatlo V, Stamenkovic I. The RNA‐binding protein Imp2 regulates oxidative phosporylation that is key to glioblastoma cancer stem cell maintenance. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.479.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Riggi N, Suvà ML, Stamenkovic I. The cancer stem cell paradigm in Ewing's sarcoma: what can we learn about these rare cells from a rare tumor? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:143-5. [PMID: 21342030 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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De Vito C, Riggi N, Suvà ML, Janiszewska M, Horlbeck J, Baumer K, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. Let-7a is a direct EWS-FLI-1 target implicated in Ewing's sarcoma development. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23592. [PMID: 21853155 PMCID: PMC3154507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are the second most common bone malignancy in children and young adults, characterized by unique chromosomal translocations that in 85% of cases lead to expression of the EWS-FLI-1 fusion protein. EWS-FLI-1 functions as an aberrant transcription factor that can both induce and suppress members of its target gene repertoire. We have recently demonstrated that EWS-FLI-1 can alter microRNA (miRNA) expression and that miRNA145 is a direct EWS-FLI-1 target whose suppression is implicated in ESFT development. Here, we use miRNA arrays to compare the global miRNA expression profile of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and ESFT cell lines, and show that ESFT display a distinct miRNA signature that includes induction of the oncogenic miRNA 17–92 cluster and repression of the tumor suppressor let-7 family. We demonstrate that direct repression of let-7a by EWS-FLI-1 participates in the tumorigenic potential of ESFT cells in vivo. The mechanism whereby let-7a expression regulates ESFT growth is shown to be mediated by its target gene HMGA2, as let-7a overexpression and HMGA2 repression both block ESFT cell tumorigenicity. Consistent with these observations, systemic delivery of synthetic let-7a into ESFT-bearing mice restored its expression in tumor cells, decreased HMGA2 expression levels and resulted in ESFT growth inhibition in vivo. Our observations provide evidence that deregulation of let-7a target gene expression participates in ESFT development and identify let-7a as promising new therapeutic target for one of the most aggressive pediatric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Vito
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario-Luca Suvà
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Horlbeck
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Baumer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Mauti LA, Le Bitoux MA, Baumer K, Stehle JC, Golshayan D, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are implicated in regulating permissiveness for tumor metastasis during mouse gestation. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2794-807. [PMID: 21646719 DOI: 10.1172/jci41936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis depends on the ability of tumor cells to establish a relationship with the newly seeded tissue that is conducive to their survival and proliferation. However, the factors that render tissues permissive for metastatic tumor growth have yet to be fully elucidated. Breast tumors arising during pregnancy display early metastatic proclivity, raising the possibility that pregnancy may constitute a physiological condition of permissiveness for tumor dissemination. Here we have shown that during murine gestation, metastasis is enhanced regardless of tumor type, and that decreased NK cell activity is responsible for the observed increase in experimental metastasis. Gene expression changes in pregnant mouse lung and liver were shown to be similar to those detected in premetastatic sites and indicative of myeloid cell infiltration. Indeed, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulated in pregnant mice and exerted an inhibitory effect on NK cell activity, providing a candidate mechanism for the enhanced metastatic tumor growth observed in gestant mice. Although the functions of MDSCs are not yet understood in the context of pregnancy, our observations suggest that they may represent a shared mechanism of immune suppression occurring during gestation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia A Mauti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Planche A, Bacac M, Provero P, Fusco C, Delorenzi M, Stehle JC, Stamenkovic I. Identification of prognostic molecular features in the reactive stroma of human breast and prostate cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18640. [PMID: 21611158 PMCID: PMC3097176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumor growth induces host tissue responses that are believed to support and promote tumor progression. Identification of the molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and elucidation of its crosstalk with tumor cells may therefore be crucial for improving our understanding of the processes implicated in cancer progression, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and uncovering stromal gene expression signatures that may predict clinical outcome. A key issue to resolve, therefore, is whether the stromal response to tumor growth is largely a generic phenomenon, irrespective of the tumor type or whether the response reflects tumor-specific properties. To address similarity or distinction of stromal gene expression changes during cancer progression, oligonucleotide-based Affymetrix microarray technology was used to compare the transcriptomes of laser-microdissected stromal cells derived from invasive human breast and prostate carcinoma. Invasive breast and prostate cancer-associated stroma was observed to display distinct transcriptomes, with a limited number of shared genes. Interestingly, both breast and prostate tumor-specific dysregulated stromal genes were observed to cluster breast and prostate cancer patients, respectively, into two distinct groups with statistically different clinical outcomes. By contrast, a gene signature that was common to the reactive stroma of both tumor types did not have survival predictive value. Univariate Cox analysis identified genes whose expression level was most strongly associated with patient survival. Taken together, these observations suggest that the tumor microenvironment displays distinct features according to the tumor type that provides survival-predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Planche
- Institute of Pathology, CHUV, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Institute of Pathology, CHUV, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Institute of Pathology, CHUV, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Stehle
- Institute of Pathology, CHUV, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, CHUV, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Bacac M, Fusco C, Planche A, Santodomingo J, Demaurex N, Leemann-Zakaryan R, Provero P, Stamenkovic I. Securin and separase modulate membrane traffic by affecting endosomal acidification. Traffic 2011; 12:615-26. [PMID: 21272169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Securin and separase play a key role in sister chromatid separation during anaphase. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to regulating chromosome segregation, securin and separase display functions implicated in membrane traffic in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Here we show that in mammalian cells both securin and separase associate with membranes and that depletion of either protein causes robust swelling of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) along with the appearance of large endocytic vesicles in the perinuclear region. These changes are accompanied by diminished constitutive protein secretion as well as impaired receptor recycling and degradation. Unexpectedly, cells depleted of securin or separase display defective acidification of early endosomes and increased membrane recruitment of vacuolar (V-) ATPase complexes, mimicking the effect of the specific V-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Taken together, our findings identify a new functional role of securin and separase in the modulation of membrane traffic and protein secretion that implicates regulation of V-ATPase assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacac
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, Lausanne CH1011, Switzerland
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Barnes L, Tran C, Sorg O, Hotz R, Grand D, Carraux P, Didierjean L, Stamenkovic I, Saurat JH, Kaya G. Synergistic effect of hyaluronate fragments in retinaldehyde-induced skin hyperplasia which is a Cd44-dependent phenomenon. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14372. [PMID: 21179550 PMCID: PMC3002934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 is a polymorphic proteoglycan and functions as the principal cell-surface receptor for hyaluronate (HA). Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) activation of keratinocyte erbB receptors has been proposed to mediate retinoid-induced epidermal hyperplasia. We have recently shown that intermediate size HA fragments (HAFi) reverse skin atrophy by a CD44-dependent mechanism. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Treatment of primary mouse keratinocyte cultures with retinaldehyde (RAL) resulted in the most significant increase in keratinocyte proliferation when compared with other retinoids, retinoic acid, retinol or retinoyl palmitate. RAL and HAFi showed a more significant increase in keratinocyte proliferation than RAL or HAFi alone. No proliferation with RAL was observed in CD44-/- keratinocytes. HA synthesis inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone inhibited the proliferative effect of RAL. HB-EGF, erbB1, and tissue inhibitor of MMP-3 blocking antibodies abrogated the RAL- or RAL- and HAFi-induced keratinocyte proliferation. Topical application of RAL or RAL and HAFi for 3 days caused a significant epidermal hyperplasia in the back skin of wild-type mice but not in CD44-/- mice. Topical RAL and HAFi increased epidermal CD44 expression, and the epidermal and dermal HA. RAL induced the expression of active HB-EGF and erbB1. However, treatment with RAL and HAFi showed a more significant increase in pro-HB-EGF when compared to RAL or HAFi treatments alone. We then topically applied RAL and HAFi twice a day to the forearm skin of elderly dermatoporosis patients. After 1 month of treatment, we observed a significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that (i) RAL-induced in vitro and in vivo keratinocyte proliferation is a CD44-dependent phenomenon and requires the presence of HA, HB-EGF, erbB1 and MMPs, (ii) RAL and HAFi show a synergy in vitro and in vivo in mouse skin, and (iii) the combination of RAL and HAFi seems to have an important therapeutic effect in dermatoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Barnes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tran
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Sorg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymonde Hotz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denise Grand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Carraux
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gürkan Kaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Stamenkovic I, Yu Q. Merlin, a “Magic” Linker Between the Extracellular Cues and Intracellular Signaling Pathways that Regulate Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Survival. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2010; 11:471-84. [DOI: 10.2174/138920310791824011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
CD44 is a facultative cell surface proteoglycan that serves as the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronan (HA). Studies have shown that in addition to participating in numerous signaling pathways, CD44 becomes internalized upon engagement by ligand and that a portion of its intracellular domain can translocate to the nucleus where it is believed to play a functional role in cell proliferation and survival. However, the mechanisms whereby fragments of CD44 enter the nucleus have not been elucidated. Here we show that CD44 interacts with two import receptors of the importin β superfamily, importin β itself and transportin. Inhibition of importin β-dependent transport failed to block CD44 accumulation in the nucleus. By contrast, inhibition of the transportin-dependent pathway abrogated CD44 import. Mutagenesis of the intracellular domain of CD44 revealed that the 20 membrane-proximal residues contain sequences required for transportin-mediated nuclear transport. Our observations provide evidence that CD44 interacts with importin family members and identify the transportin-dependent pathway as the mechanism whereby full-length CD44 enters the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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Riggi N, Suvà ML, De Vito C, Provero P, Stehle JC, Baumer K, Cironi L, Janiszewska M, Petricevic T, Suvà D, Tercier S, Joseph JM, Guillou L, Stamenkovic I. EWS-FLI-1 modulates miRNA145 and SOX2 expression to initiate mesenchymal stem cell reprogramming toward Ewing sarcoma cancer stem cells. Genes Dev 2010; 24:916-32. [PMID: 20382729 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1899710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) display plasticity and self-renewal properties reminiscent of normal tissue stem cells, but the events responsible for their emergence remain obscure. We recently identified CSCs in Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFTs) and showed that they retain mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) plasticity. In the present study, we addressed the mechanisms that underlie ESFT CSC development. We show that the EWS-FLI-1 fusion gene, associated with 85%-90% of ESFTs and believed to initiate their pathogenesis, induces expression of the embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in human pediatric MSCs (hpMSCs) but not in their adult counterparts. Moreover, under appropriate culture conditions, hpMSCs expressing EWS-FLI-1 generate a cell subpopulation displaying ESFT CSC features in vitro. We further demonstrate that induction of the ESFT CSC phenotype is the result of the combined effect of EWS-FLI-1 on its target gene expression and repression of microRNA-145 (miRNA145) promoter activity. Finally, we provide evidence that EWS-FLI-1 and miRNA-145 function in a mutually repressive feedback loop and identify their common target gene, SOX2, in addition to miRNA145 itself, as key players in ESFT cell differentiation and tumorigenicity. Our observations provide insight for the first time into the mechanisms whereby a single oncogene can reprogram primary cells to display a CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riggi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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Xu Y, Stamenkovic I, Yu Q. CD44 attenuates activation of the hippo signaling pathway and is a prime therapeutic target for glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2455-64. [PMID: 20197461 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor that, by virtue of its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is currently incurable. Identification of molecules whose targeting may eliminate GBM cells and/or sensitize glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic drugs is therefore urgently needed. CD44 is a major cell surface hyaluronan receptor and cancer stem cell marker that has been implicated in the progression of a variety of cancer types. However, the major downstream signaling pathways that mediate its protumor effects and the role of CD44 in the progression and chemoresponse of GBM have not been established. Here we show that CD44 is upregulated in GBM and that its depletion blocks GBM growth and sensitizes GBM cells to cytotoxic drugs in vivo. Consistent with this observation, CD44 antagonists potently inhibit glioma growth in preclinical mouse models. We provide the first evidence that CD44 functions upstream of the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway and that CD44 promotes tumor cell resistance to reactive oxygen species-induced and cytotoxic agent-induced stress by attenuating activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Together, our results identify CD44 as a prime therapeutic target for GBM, establish potent antiglioma efficacy of CD44 antagonists, uncover a novel CD44 signaling pathway, and provide a first mechanistic explanation as to how upregulation of CD44 may constitute a key event in leading to cancer cell resistance to stresses of different origins. Finally, our results provide a rational explanation for the observation that functional inhibition of CD44 augments the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Suvà ML, Riggi N, Janiszewska M, Radovanovic I, Provero P, Stehle JC, Baumer K, Le Bitoux MA, Marino D, Cironi L, Marquez VE, Clément V, Stamenkovic I. EZH2 is essential for glioblastoma cancer stem cell maintenance. Cancer Res 2010; 69:9211-8. [PMID: 19934320 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) occurs in diverse malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Based on its ability to modulate transcription of key genes implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and cell differentiation, EZH2 is believed to play a crucial role in tissue-specific stem cell maintenance and tumor development. Here, we show that targeted pharmacologic disruption of EZH2 by the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), or its specific downregulation by short hairpin RNA (shRNA), strongly impairs GBM cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal in vitro and tumor-initiating capacity in vivo. Using genome-wide expression analysis of DZNep-treated GBM CSCs, we found the expression of c-myc, recently reported to be essential for GBM CSCs, to be strongly repressed upon EZH2 depletion. Specific shRNA-mediated downregulation of EZH2 in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that c-myc is a direct target of EZH2 in GBM CSCs. Taken together, our observations provide evidence that direct transcriptional regulation of c-myc by EZH2 may constitute a novel mechanism underlying GBM CSC maintenance and suggest that EZH2 may be a valuable new therapeutic target for GBM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Luca Suvà
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cironi L, Provero P, Riggi N, Janiszewska M, Suva D, Suva ML, Kindler V, Stamenkovic I. Epigenetic features of human mesenchymal stem cells determine their permissiveness for induction of relevant transcriptional changes by SYT-SSX1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7904. [PMID: 19936258 PMCID: PMC2775947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic SYT-SSX fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11;q11) is detectable in almost all synovial sarcomas, a malignant soft tissue tumor widely believed to originate from as yet unidentified pluripotent stem cells. The resulting fusion protein has no DNA binding motifs but possesses protein-protein interaction domains that are believed to mediate association with chromatin remodeling complexes. Despite recent advances in the identification of molecules that interact with SYT-SSX and with the corresponding wild type SYT and SSX proteins, the mechanisms whereby the SYT-SSX might contribute to neoplastic transformation remain unclear. Epigenetic deregulation has been suggested to be one possible mechanism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We addressed the effect of SYT/SSX expression on the transcriptome of four independent isolates of primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). We observed transcriptional changes similar to the gene expression signature of synovial sarcoma, principally involving genes whose regulation is linked to epigenetic factors, including imprinted genes, genes with transcription start sites within a CpG island and chromatin related genes. Single population analysis revealed hMSC isolate-specific transcriptional changes involving genes that are important for biological functions of stem cells as well as genes that are considered to be molecular markers of synovial sarcoma including IGF2, EPHRINS, and BCL2. Methylation status analysis of sequences at the H19/IGF2 imprinted locus indicated that distinct epigenetic features characterize hMSC populations and condition the transcriptional effects of SYT-SSX expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our observations suggest that epigenetic features may define the cellular microenvironment in which SYT-SSX displays its functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cironi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Riggi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domizio Suva
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario-Luca Suva
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Kindler
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dostert C, Guarda G, Romero JF, Menu P, Gross O, Tardivel A, Suva ML, Stehle JC, Kopf M, Stamenkovic I, Corradin G, Tschopp J. Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6510. [PMID: 19652710 PMCID: PMC2714977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Characteristic symptoms of malaria include recurrent fever attacks and neurodegeneration, signs that are also found in patients with a hyperactive Nalp3 inflammasome. Plasmodium species produce a crystal called hemozoin that is generated by detoxification of heme after hemoglobin degradation in infected red blood cells. Thus, we hypothesized that hemozoin could activate the Nalp3 inflammasome, due to its particulate nature reminiscent of other inflammasome-activating agents. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that hemozoin acts as a proinflammatory danger signal that activates the Nalp3 inflammasome, causing the release of IL-1β. Similar to other Nalp3-activating particles, hemozoin activity is blocked by inhibiting phagocytosis, K+ efflux and NADPH oxidase. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of hemozoin results in acute peritonitis, which is impaired in Nalp3-, caspase-1- and IL-1R-deficient mice. Likewise, the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is dampened in Nalp3-deficient mice infected with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, while parasitemia remains unchanged. Significance/Conclusions The potent pro-inflammatory effect of hemozoin through inflammasome activation may possibly be implicated in plasmodium-associated pathologies such as cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Greta Guarda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Menu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Gross
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Aubry Tardivel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mario-Luca Suva
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Manfred Kopf
- Institut Integrative Biologie, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jurg Tschopp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Djojosubroto M, Bollotte F, Wirapati P, Radtke F, Stamenkovic I, Arsenijevic Y. Chromosomal number aberrations and transformation in adult mouse retinal stem cells in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:5975-87. [PMID: 19628750 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The potential of stem cells (SCs) as a source for cell-based therapy on a wide range of degenerative diseases and damaged tissues such as retinal degeneration has been recognized. Generation of a high number of retinal stem cells (RSCs) in vitro would thus be beneficial for transplantation in the retina. However, as cells in prolonged cultivation may be unstable and thus have a risk of transformation, it is important to assess the stability of these cells. METHODS Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in mouse RSC lines isolated from adult and from postnatal day (PN)1 mouse retinas. Moreover, selected cell lines were tested for anchorage-dependent proliferation, and SCs were transplanted into immunocompromised mice to assess the possibility of transformation. RESULTS Marked aneuploidy occurred in all adult cell lines, albeit to different degrees, and neonatal RSCs were the most stable and displayed a normal karyotype until at least passage 9. Of interest, the level of aneuploidy of adult RSCs did not necessarily correlate with cell transformation. Only the adult RSC lines passaged for longer periods and with a higher dilution ratio underwent transformation. Furthermore, we identified several cell cycle proteins that might support the continuous proliferation and transformation of the cells. CONCLUSIONS Adult RSCs rapidly accumulated severe chromosomal aberrations during cultivation, which led to cell transformation in some cell lines. The culture condition plays an important role in supporting the selection and growth of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Djojosubroto
- Unit of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stamenkovic I, Yu Q. Shedding light on proteolytic cleavage of CD44: the responsible sheddase and functional significance of shedding. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1321-4. [PMID: 19434087 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD44 is the major cell-surface receptor for hyaluronan, which is implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, and signaling. Studies have shown that CD44-dependent migration requires CD44 to be shed from the cell surface and that matrix metalloproteinase-mediated cleavage may provide an underlying mechanism. However, the full spectrum of proteases that may participate in CD44 shedding has yet to be defined. In this issue, Anderegg et al. demonstrate that ADAM10, but not ADAM17 or MMP14, mediates constitutive shedding of CD44 in human melanoma cells and that knockdown of ADAM10 blocks the antiproliferative activity of the soluble proteolytic cleavage product of CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Division, Institut Universitaire de Pathologie CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Suvà ML, Riggi N, Stehle JC, Baumer K, Tercier S, Joseph JM, Suvà D, Clément V, Provero P, Cironi L, Osterheld MC, Guillou L, Stamenkovic I. Identification of cancer stem cells in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1776-81. [PMID: 19208848 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells that display tumor-initiating properties have recently been identified in several distinct types of malignancies, holding promise for more effective therapeutic strategies. However, evidence of such cells in sarcomas, which include some of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant tumors, has not been shown to date. Here, we identify and characterize cancer stem cells in Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT), a highly aggressive pediatric malignancy believed to be of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) origin. Using magnetic bead cell separation of primary ESFT, we have isolated a subpopulation of CD133+ tumor cells that display the capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth through serial transplantation in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, re-establishing at each in vivo passage the parental tumor phenotype and hierarchical cell organization. Consistent with the plasticity of MSCs, in vitro differentiation assays showed that the CD133+ cell population retained the ability to differentiate along adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of genes implicated in stem cell maintenance revealed that CD133+ ESFT cells express significantly higher levels of OCT4 and NANOG than their CD133- counterparts. Taken together, our observations provide the first identification of ESFT cancer stem cells and demonstration of their MSC properties, a critical step towards a better biological understanding and rational therapeutic targeting of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Luca Suvà
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Division of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Suvà ML, Riggi N, Stehle JC, Baumer K, Tercier S, Joseph JM, Suvà D, Clément V, Provero P, Cironi L, Osterheld MC, Guillou L, Stamenkovic I. Identification of cancer stem cells in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer Res 2009. [PMID: 19208848 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2242.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells that display tumor-initiating properties have recently been identified in several distinct types of malignancies, holding promise for more effective therapeutic strategies. However, evidence of such cells in sarcomas, which include some of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant tumors, has not been shown to date. Here, we identify and characterize cancer stem cells in Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT), a highly aggressive pediatric malignancy believed to be of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) origin. Using magnetic bead cell separation of primary ESFT, we have isolated a subpopulation of CD133+ tumor cells that display the capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth through serial transplantation in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, re-establishing at each in vivo passage the parental tumor phenotype and hierarchical cell organization. Consistent with the plasticity of MSCs, in vitro differentiation assays showed that the CD133+ cell population retained the ability to differentiate along adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of genes implicated in stem cell maintenance revealed that CD133+ ESFT cells express significantly higher levels of OCT4 and NANOG than their CD133- counterparts. Taken together, our observations provide the first identification of ESFT cancer stem cells and demonstration of their MSC properties, a critical step towards a better biological understanding and rational therapeutic targeting of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Luca Suvà
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Division of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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