201
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Bai X, Ling C, Shi L, Ouyang Y, Li Q, Wang J. Insight into the catalytic activity of MXenes for hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1397-1403. [PMID: 36658979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have exhibited great potential as cost-effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, insight into the origin of activity is still missing. Herein, on the basis of a systematical investigation of the HER performance of 20 MXenes (M2NO2 and M2CO2, M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W), a Fermi-abundance model is proposed to understand variation of the activity in different MXenes. It is found that the occupied p electronic states of surface O atoms play a decisive role in the HER activity of MXenes. More importantly, Ti2NO2 and Nb2NO2 are found to be promising HER electrocatalysts with the free energy for hydrogen adsorption close to zero. This work not only provides possible catalysts for HER, the developed Fermi-abundance model but also is applicable to other two-dimensional materials and may serve as a simple descriptor of the intrinsic HER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Bai
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chongyi Ling
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Li Shi
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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202
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Huang Y, Nielsen RJ, Goddard WA. Reaction Mechanism for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on the Basal Plane Sulfur Vacancy Site of MoS2 Using Grand Canonical Potential Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16773-16782. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Huang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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203
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Effect of hydrophobic cations on the oxygen reduction reaction on single‒crystal platinum electrodes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4378. [PMID: 30397202 PMCID: PMC6218472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are essential for the widespread and economically viable use of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Here we report the oxygen reduction reaction activities of single‒crystal platinum electrodes in acidic solutions containing tetraalkylammonium cations with different alkyl chain lengths. The high hydrophobicity of a tetraalkylammonium cation with a longer alkyl chain enhances the oxygen reduction reaction activity. The activity on Pt(111) in the presence of tetra‒n‒hexylammonium cation is eight times as high as that without this cation, which is comparable to the activities on Pt3Co(111) and Pt3Ni(111) electrodes. Hydrophobic cations and their hydration shells destabilize the adsorbed hydroxide and adsorbed water. The hydrophobic characteristics of non‒specifically adsorbed cations can prevent the adsorption of poisoning species on the platinum electrode and form a highly efficient interface for the oxygen reduction reaction. Highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are valuable for fuel cells. Here the authors evaluate catalytic activity of single-crystal platinum electrodes in acidic solutions that contain hydrophobic cations, which prevent the adsorption of poisoning species and form an efficient interface.
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204
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Giles SA, Wilson JC, Nash J, Xu B, Vlachos DG, Yan Y. Recent advances in understanding the pH dependence of the hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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205
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Chang L, Cheng D, Sementa L, Fortunelli A. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Au@Ag ultrananoclusters as electro-catalysts. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17730-17737. [PMID: 30209457 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate computationally Ag-Au subnanometer clusters as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Focusing on Ag12Au, we conduct a complete first-principles study of the HER process on this Au@Ag ultrananocatalyst. After determining the hydrogen-saturated resting state under standard conditions as Ag12AuH11, HER reaction energies and barriers are predicted also including solvent effects using both implicit and explicit models. We find that Ag12Au is a good candidate as a HER catalyst, with good stability and an overall reaction energy barrier of 0.89 eV as an upper bound. We also draw indications for the design of HER subnanometer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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206
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Kristoffersen HH, Vegge T, Hansen HA. OH formation and H 2 adsorption at the liquid water-Pt(111) interface. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6912-6921. [PMID: 30288234 PMCID: PMC6143996 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid water-Pt(111) interface is studied with constant temperature ab initio molecular dynamics to explore the importance of liquid water dynamics of catalytic reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells. The structure and energetics of hydroxyls formed at the liquid water-Pt(111) interface are found to be significantly different from those of the hydroxyl formed on a bare Pt(111) surface and the hydroxyl formed on a Pt(111) surface with a static water layer. We identify 1/12 ML *OH, 5/12 ML *OH and 2/3 ML *OH as particularly stable hydroxyl coverages in highly dynamic liquid water environments, which - contrary to static water-hydroxyl models - contain adjacent uncovered Pt sites. Atomic surface oxygen is found to be unstable in the presence of liquid water, in contrast to static atomic level simulations. These results give an improved understanding of hydroxide and surface oxide formation from Pt(111) cyclic voltammetry and allow us to draw detailed connections between the electrostatic potential and the interface structure. The study of hydrogen adsorption at the liquid water-Pt(111) interface finds competitive adsorption between the adsorbed hydrogen atoms and water molecules. This does not adhere with experimental observations, and this indicates that the Pt(111) surface has to be negatively charged for a correct description of the liquid water-Pt(111) interface at potentials where hydrogen adsorption occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik H Kristoffersen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ; Tel: +45 45 25 82 05
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ; Tel: +45 45 25 82 05
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ; Tel: +45 45 25 82 05
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207
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Yin X, Sun G, Su L, Wang L, Shao G. Surface roughening of nanoparticle-stacked porous NiCoO2@C microflakes arrays grown on Ni foam for enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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208
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Sakong S, Groß A. The electric double layer at metal-water interfaces revisited based on a charge polarization scheme. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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209
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Sumaria V, Krishnamurthy D, Viswanathan V. Quantifying Confidence in DFT Predicted Surface Pourbaix Diagrams and Associated Reaction Pathways for Chlorine Evolution. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidish Sumaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dilip Krishnamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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210
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Akhade SA, Nidzyn RM, Rostamikia G, Janik MJ. Using Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations to predict electrode potential-dependent activation energies. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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211
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Tahini HA, Tan X, Smith SC. Fermi Level Determination for Charged Systems via Recursive Density of States Integration. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4014-4019. [PMID: 29968476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Determining the Fermi level position for a given material is important to understand many of its electronic and chemical properties. Ab initio methods are effective in computing Fermi levels when using charge-neutral supercells. However, in the case where charges are explicitly included, the compensating homogeneous background charge, which is necessary to maintain charge neutrality in periodic models, causes the vacuum potential to be ill-defined - which would otherwise have been a reliable reference potential. Here, we develop a method based on recursively integrating the density of states to determine shifts in the Fermi level upon charging. By introducing incremental charges, one can compute the density of states profile and determine the shift in the Fermi level that corresponds to adding or removing a given increment of charge δq, which allows the evaluation of the Fermi level for any arbitrary charge q. We test this method for a range of materials (graphene, h-BN, C3N4, Cu, and MoS2) and demonstrate that this method can produce a reasonable agreement with models that rely on localized compensating background charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Tahini
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - X Tan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
| | - S C Smith
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australia
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212
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Gieseking RLM, Ratner MA, Schatz GC. Benchmarking Semiempirical Methods To Compute Electrochemical Formal Potentials. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6809-6818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. M. Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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213
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Deng S, Yang F, Zhang Q, Zhong Y, Zeng Y, Lin S, Wang X, Lu X, Wang CZ, Gu L, Xia X, Tu J. Phase Modulation of (1T-2H)-MoSe2/TiC-C Shell/Core Arrays via Nitrogen Doping for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802223. [PMID: 29975803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring molybdenum selenide electrocatalysts with tunable phase and morphology is of great importance for advancement of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, phase- and morphology-modulated N-doped MoSe2 /TiC-C shell/core arrays through a facile hydrothermal and postannealing treatment strategy are reported. Highly conductive TiC-C nanorod arrays serve as the backbone for MoSe2 nanosheets to form high-quality MoSe2 /TiC-C shell/core arrays. Impressively, continuous phase modulation of MoSe2 is realized on the MoSe2 /TiC-C arrays. Except for the pure 1T-MoSe2 and 2H-MoSe2 , mixed (1T-2H)-MoSe2 nanosheets are achieved in the N-MoSe2 by N doping and demonstrated by spherical aberration electron microscope. Plausible mechanism of phase transformation and different doping sites of N atom are proposed via theoretical calculation. The much smaller energy barrier, longer HSe bond length, and diminished bandgap endow N-MoSe2 /TiC-C arrays with substantially superior HER performance compared to 1T and 2H phase counterparts. Impressively, the designed N-MoSe2 /TiC-C arrays exhibit a low overpotential of 137 mV at a large current density of 100 mA cm-2 , and a small Tafel slope of 32 mV dec-1 . Our results pave the way to unravel the enhancement mechanism of HER on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by N doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yinxiang Zeng
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xihong Lu
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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214
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He Z, Chen Y, Santos E, Schmickler W. Der präexponentielle Faktor in der Elektrochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Da He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleDepartment of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yan‐Xia Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleDepartment of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Elizabeth Santos
- Institut für Theoretische ChemieUniversität Ulm Deutschland
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, IFEG-CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentinien
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215
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He Z, Chen Y, Santos E, Schmickler W. The Pre‐exponential Factor in Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7948-7956. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Da He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yan‐Xia Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Elizabeth Santos
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUlm University Germany
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronoma y Fsica, IFEG-CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina
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216
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Wang H, An W, Liu X, Heath Turner C. Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(1 1 1), Pt(2 2 1), and Ni/Au1Pt3(2 2 1) surfaces: Probing scaling relationships of reaction energetics and interfacial composition. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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217
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Basu M. In-situ developed carbon spheres function as promising support for enhanced activity of cobalt oxide in oxygen evolution reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:264-273. [PMID: 29982018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly active, stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is sincerely required for the practical application of water splitting to get rid from the sluggish reaction kinetics and the stability issue. Here, Co3O4 is studied as OER catalyst and to improve the electrocatalytic activity, carbon is chosen as the conducting support. A simple and cost-effective synthetic route is developed for the synthesis of Co3O4 on carbon support following hydrothermal route using various hydrolyzing agents. The heterostructure 'Co3O4/C' perform well in OER as a non-precious metal catalyst. The best Co3O4/C electrocatalyst can generate 10 and 30 mA/cm2 current densities upon application of 1.623 V and 1.678 V vs. RHE whereas, bare Co3O4 can generate current density of 10 and 30 mA/cm2 upon application of 1.677 and 1.754 V vs. RHE. Carbon in the heterostructure helps to improve the conductivity and at the same time enhances the charge transfer ability which further leads to increase current density and stability to the catalyst. Co3O4/C can generate unaltered current density up to 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Basu
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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218
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Yang F, Yang L, Ai C, Xie P, Lin S, Wang CZ, Lu X. Tailoring Bandgap of Perovskite BaTiO₃ by Transition Metals Co-Doping for Visible-Light Photoelectrical Applications: A First-Principles Study. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070455. [PMID: 29933582 PMCID: PMC6071297 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of V-M″ and Nb-M″ (M″ is 3d or 4d transition metal) co-doped BaTiO₃ were studied by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. Our calculation results show that V-M″ co-doping is more favorable than Nb-M″ co-doping in terms of narrowing the bandgap and increasing the visible-light absorption. In pure BaTiO₃, the bandgap depends on the energy levels of the Ti 3d and O 2p states. The appropriate co-doping can effectively manipulate the bandgap by introducing new energy levels interacting with those of the pure BaTiO₃. The optimal co-doping effect comes from the V-Cr co-doping system, which not only has smaller impurity formation energy, but also significantly reduces the bandgap. Detailed analysis of the density of states, band structure, and charge-density distribution in the doping systems demonstrates the synergistic effect induced by the V and Cr co-doping. The results can provide not only useful insights into the understanding of the bandgap engineering by element doping, but also beneficial guidance to the experimental study of BaTiO₃ for visible-light photoelectrical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Changzhi Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Pengcheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Xihong Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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219
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Zhang Y, Lei H, Duan D, Villota E, Liu C, Ruan R. New Insight into the Mechanism of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on MoP(001) from First Principles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20429-20439. [PMID: 29847906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum phosphide-based catalysts have recently exhibited excellent catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in wide pH range conditions; the intrinsic reaction mechanism, on the other hand, has not been well established. Herein, by employing the MoP as the prototypical molybdenum phosphide-based catalyst, HER activities in both acid and neutral conditions were studied by conducting periodic density functional theory calculations. Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen atoms absorbed on both P- and Mo-terminated surfaces were compared, as well as all the reaction energy and activation energy barriers for reactions involved in the HER process. Calculation results revealed that, in an acid condition, the Volmer-Heyrovsky and Volmer-Tafel reaction mechanisms were dominated on the P-terminated and Mo-terminated catalyst surfaces, where Heyrovsky and Volmer reactions were the rate-determining step, respectively. Additionally, water splitting was introduced to the current reaction mechanism and a small reaction activation energy barrier was revealed on the P-terminated surface. Besides, a relevant small activation energy was obtained in the Tafel reaction on the defect of the P-terminated surface in a neutral solution. Theoretical results proved that HER could take place readily on both P- and Mo-terminated catalyst surfaces via different reaction mechanisms in the acid condition from the view of atom scale. More important, computational results uncovered that HER could also occur on the P-terminated surface with the assistance of surface defect in the neutral condition, which sheds new light on the HER mechanism on transition metal phosphite-based catalysts. The doping effect on HER activity was further investigated in theory and calculation results, indicating that catalytic performance could be improved by substitutional doping of the Mo atom with metals such as Mn and W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Richland , Washington 99354-1671 , United States
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Richland , Washington 99354-1671 , United States
| | - Dengle Duan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Richland , Washington 99354-1671 , United States
| | - Elmar Villota
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Richland , Washington 99354-1671 , United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , 1390 Eckles Avenue , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
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220
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Surendralal S, Todorova M, Finnis MW, Neugebauer J. First-Principles Approach to Model Electrochemical Reactions: Understanding the Fundamental Mechanisms behind Mg Corrosion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:246801. [PMID: 29957006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.246801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Combining concepts of semiconductor physics and corrosion science, we develop a novel approach that allows us to perform ab initio calculations under controlled potentiostat conditions for electrochemical systems. The proposed approach can be straightforwardly applied in standard density functional theory codes. To demonstrate the performance and the opportunities opened by this approach, we study the chemical reactions that take place during initial corrosion at the water-Mg interface under anodic polarization. Based on this insight, we derive an atomistic model that explains the origin of the anodic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsan Surendralal
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Insitut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Todorova
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Insitut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael W Finnis
- The Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Insitut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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221
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Zhou S, Yang X, Pei W, Liu N, Zhao J. Heterostructures of MXenes and N-doped graphene as highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10876-10883. [PMID: 29616270 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MXenes with versatile chemistry and superior electrical conductivity are prevalent candidate materials for energy storage and catalysts. Inspired by recent experiments of hybridizing MXenes with carbon materials, here we theoretically design a series of heterostructures of N-doped graphene supported by MXene monolayers as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our first-principles calculations show that the graphitic sheet on V2C and Mo2C MXenes are highly active with an ORR overpotential down to 0.36 V and reaction free energies for the HER approaching zero, both with low kinetic barriers. Such outstanding catalytic activities originate from the electronic coupling between the graphitic sheet and the MXene, and can be correlated with the pz band center of surface carbon atoms and the work function of the heterostructures. Our findings screen a novel form of highly active electrocatalysts by taking advantage of the fast charge transfer kinetics and strong interfacial coupling of MXenes, and illuminate a universal mechanism for modulating the catalytic properties of two-dimensional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
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222
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Li Y, Zhang LA, Qin Y, Chu F, Kong Y, Tao Y, Li Y, Bu Y, Ding D, Liu M. Crystallinity Dependence of Ruthenium Nanocatalyst toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Lei A Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2045, United States
| | - Yong Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yunfei Bu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Dong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2045, United States
| | - Meilin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2045, United States
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223
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Park H, Kim KM, Kim H, Kim DK, Won YS, Kim SK. Electrodeposition-fabricated PtCu-alloy cathode catalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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224
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Hussain J, Jónsson H, Skúlason E. Calculations of Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Hussain
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Egill Skúlason
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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225
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Bouzid A, Pasquarello A. Atomic-Scale Simulation of Electrochemical Processes at Electrode/Water Interfaces under Referenced Bias Potential. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1880-1884. [PMID: 29589437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on constant Fermi-level molecular dynamics and a proper alignment scheme, we perform simulations of the Pt(111)/water interface under variable bias potential referenced to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Our scheme yields a potential of zero charge μpzc of ∼0.22 eV relative to the SHE and a double layer capacitance Cdl of ≃19 μF cm-2, in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. In addition, we study the structural reorganization of the electrical double layer for bias potentials ranging from -0.92 eV to +0.44 eV and find that Odown configurations, which are dominant at potentials above the pzc, reorient to favor Hdown configurations as the measured potential becomes negative. Our modeling scheme allows one to not only access atomic-scale processes at metal/water interfaces, but also to quantitatively estimate macroscopic electrochemical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assil Bouzid
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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226
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Naumov O, Naumov S, Abel B, Varga A. The stability limits of highly active nitrogen doped carbon ORR nano-catalysts: a mechanistic study of degradation reactions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6724-6733. [PMID: 29589847 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new approach in electrode catalysis bearing immense potential for electrochemical technologies is the prospect of carbon-based electrodes. Pristine carbon nanostructures are relatively inert and modifications like nitrogen doping are known for their beneficial effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon nanomaterials in both alkaline and acidic media. However, the long-term stability of these materials, especially in an acidic environment, is rarely mentioned. Here, we evaluate the stability and long-term degradation of nitrogen doped graphene flakes as an oxygen reduction electrocatalyst with theoretical and experimental techniques. We assume that nitrogen dopants in the graphene sheet interact with e- and H+ at the electrode-electrolyte interface, leading to NH3 scission and continuous catalyst deactivation. With Density Functional Theory calculations, NH3 scission pathways of pyridinic, graphitic and pyrrolic nitrogen species were analyzed and compared under different operating conditions which are relevant for low and intermediate temperature fuel cells. The computational results are correlated with electrochemical measurements in solid acid fuel cells in a humidified oxygen environment at 240 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Naumov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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227
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Jin H, Guo C, Liu X, Liu J, Vasileff A, Jiao Y, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Emerging Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6337-6408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1178] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Chunxian Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jinlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Anthony Vasileff
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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228
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Qiu S, Azofra LM, MacFarlane DR, Sun C. Hydrogen bonding effect between active site and protein environment on catalysis performance in H 2-producing [NiFe] hydrogenases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6735-6743. [PMID: 29457815 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the active site and the surrounding protein environment plays a fundamental role in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in [NiFe] hydrogenases. Our density functional theory (DFT) findings demonstrate that the reaction Gibbs free energy required for the rate determining step decreases by 7.1 kcal mol-1 when the surrounding protein environment is taken into account, which is chiefly due to free energy decreases for the two H+/e- addition steps (the so-called Ni-SIa to I1, and Ni-C to Ni-R), being the largest thermodynamic impediments of the whole reaction. The variety of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between the amino acids and the active site is hypothesised to be the main reason for such stability: H-bonds not only work as electrostatic attractive forces that influence the charge redistribution, but more importantly, they act as an electron 'pull' taking electrons from the active site towards the amino acids. Moreover, the electron 'pull' effect through H-bonds via the S- in cysteine residues shows a larger influence on the energy profile than that via the CN- ligands on Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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229
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Zhang L, Mallikarjun Sharada S, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Su Y, Qiao L, Nørskov JK. A theoretical study of the effect of a non-aqueous proton donor on electrochemical ammonia synthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4982-4989. [PMID: 29387843 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia synthesis is one of the most studied reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. To date, however, electrochemical N2 reduction in aqueous systems has proven to be extremely difficult, mainly due to the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Recently, it has been shown that transition metal complexes based on molybdenum can reduce N2 to ammonia at room temperature and ambient pressure in a non-aqueous system, with a relatively small amount of hydrogen output. We demonstrate that the non-aqueous proton donor they have chosen, 2,6-lutidinium (LutH+), is a viable substitute for hydronium in the electrochemical process at a solid surface, since this donor can suppress the HER rate. We also show that the presence of LutH+ can selectively stabilize the *NNH intermediate relative to *NH or *NH2via the formation of hydrogen bonds, indicating that the use of non-aqueous solvents can break the scaling relationship between limiting potential and binding energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zhang
- Corrosion and Protection Center, Key Laboratory for Environmental Fracture (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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230
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Roldan A, de Leeuw NH. A kinetic model of water adsorption, clustering and dissociation on the Fe 3S 4{001} surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:12045-12055. [PMID: 28443916 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of water with catalyst surfaces is a common process which requires investigation. Here, we have employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the adsorption of up to ten water molecules on the {001} surface of greigite (Fe3S4), which owing to its redox properties, is of increasing interest as a catalyst, e.g. in electro-catalysis. We have systematically analyzed and characterized the modes of water adsorption on the surface, where we have considered both molecular and dissociative adsorption processes. The calculations show that molecular adsorption is the predominant state on these surfaces, from both a thermodynamic and kinetic point of view. We have explored the molecular dispersion on the surface under different coverages and found that the orientation of the molecule, and therefore the surface dipole, depends on the number of adsorbed molecules. The interactions between the water molecules become stronger with an increasing number of water molecules, following an exponential decay which tends to the interaction energy found in bulk water. We have also shown the evolution of the infra-red signals as a function of water coverage relating to the H-bond networks formed on the surface. Next we have included these results in a classical micro-kinetic model, which introduced the effects of temperature in the simulations, thus helping us to derive the water cluster size on the greigite surface as a function of the initial conditions of pressure, temperature and external potential. The kinetic model concluded that water molecules agglomerate in clusters instead of wetting the surface, which agrees with the low hydrophilicity of Fe3S4. Clusters consisting of four water molecules was shown to be the most stable cluster under a wide range of temperatures and external potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Roldan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK. and Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 9, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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231
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Šarić M, Rossmeisl J, Moses PG. Modeling the active sites of Co-promoted MoS 2 particles by DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2017-2024. [PMID: 28009026 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic-scale structure of the Co-promoted MoS2 catalyst (CoMoS), used for hydrodesulfurization and as a potential replacement for platinum in the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction has been analyzed by modeling its sites using density functional theory and applying thermochemical corrections to account for different reaction conditions. The equilibrium structures of the edges, basal plane and corners have been found and used to obtain a picture of an ideal CoMoS nanoparticle under hydrodesulfurization and hydrogen evolution reaction conditions. Under hydrodesulfurization conditions small energy differences between structures having an additional or missing sulfur atom relative to the equilibrium structures have been observed for the edges and corners explaining their activity towards hydrodesulfurization at the atomic scale. The lack of these small energy differences at the basal plane explains why it is inert towards hydrodesulfurization. The adsorption free energy of hydrogen was calculated and used as a descriptor for qualifying each site in the context of hydrogen evolution, finding that the corner site should perform better than the edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Šarić
- Center for Atomic Scale Materials Design (CAMd), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej building 307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
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232
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Pan Y, Sun K, Liu S, Cao X, Wu K, Cheong WC, Chen Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang D, Peng Q, Chen C, Li Y. Core–Shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67-Derived CoP Nanoparticle-Embedded N-Doped Carbon Nanotube Hollow Polyhedron for Efficient Overall Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2610-2618. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1197] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Kaian Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Shoujie Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Konglin Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Weng-Chon Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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233
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Li Q, Liu Y, Yu X, Li L, Zhang X, Lu Z, Lin J, Yang X, Huang Y. Removal of Cr(iii)/Cr(vi) from wastewater using defective porous boron nitride: a DFT study. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, by using DFT calculation, we revealed that p-BN with vacancy defects could efficiently remove both Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) ions from an aqueous solution due to large Eads values even in the higher Cr(iii)/Cr(vi) coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Li
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Zunming Lu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
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234
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Hakala M, Laasonen K. Hydrogen adsorption trends on Al-doped Ni2P surfaces for optimal catalyst design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13785-13791. [PMID: 29744495 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of nickel phosphide are promising materials to replace the currently used rare Pt-group metals at cathode-side electrodes in devices for electrochemical hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Hakala
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
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235
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Yang X, Gao N, Zhou S, Zhao J. MXene nanoribbons as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction with fast kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19390-19397. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MXenes, a new class of two-dimensional materials, arouse great interest due to their diverse chemistries, superior electrical conductivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
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236
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Maheshwari S, Li Y, Agrawal N, Janik MJ. Density functional theory models for electrocatalytic reactions. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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237
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Guo E, McKenzie DR. A post Gurney quantum mechanical perspective on the electrolysis of water: ion neutralization in solution. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20170371. [PMID: 29225493 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron fluxes crossing the interface between a metallic conductor and an aqueous environment are important in many fields; hydrogen production, environmental scanning tunnelling microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy being some of them. Gurney (Gurney 1931 Proc. R. Soc. Lond.134, 137 (doi:10.1098/rspa.1931.0187)) provided in 1931 a scheme for tunnelling during electrolysis and outlined conditions for it to occur. We measure the low-voltage current flows between gold electrodes in pure water and use the time-dependent behaviour at voltage switch-on and switch-off to evaluate the relative contribution to the steady current arising from tunnelling of electrons between the electrodes and ions in solution and from the neutralization of ions adsorbed onto the electrode surface. We ascribe the larger current contribution to quantum tunnelling of electrons to and from ions in solution near the electrodes. We refine Gurney's barrier scheme to include solvated electron states and quantify energy differences using updated information. We show that Gurney's conditions would prevent the current flow at low voltages we observe but outline how the ideas of Marcus (Marcus 1956 J. Chem. Phys.24, 966-978 (doi:10.1063/1.1742723)) concerning solvation fluctuations enable the condition to be relaxed. We derive an average barrier tunnelling model and a multiple pathways tunnelling model and compare predictions with measurements of the steady-state current-voltage relation. The tunnelling barrier was found to be wide and low in agreement with other experimental studies. Applications as a biosensing mechanism are discussed that exploit the fast tunnelling pathways along molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Guo
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David R McKenzie
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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238
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Pohl M, Watzele S, Calle-Vallejo F, Bandarenka AS. Nature of Highly Active Electrocatalytic Sites for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Pt Electrodes in Acidic Media. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8141-8147. [PMID: 31457359 PMCID: PMC6645224 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the two processes in electrolytic water splitting. Known for more than two centuries, the HER still receives great attention in fundamental and applied science in view of its apparent simplicity (only two electrons are transferred), fast kinetics in acidic media, and promising technological applications in electrolyzers. However, the exact nature of active catalytic sites for this reaction is often uncertain, especially at nonuniform metal electrodes. Identification of such centers is important, as the HER will probably be central in future energy provision schemes, and it is simultaneously a convenient model reaction to study structure-composition-activity relations in catalysis. In this work, using simple coordination-activity considerations, we outline the location and geometric configuration of the active sites at various model Pt single-crystal electrodes. We show that when the coordination of such surface sites is optimized and their density at the surface is maximized, the experimental-specific HER activities are among the highest reported in the literature for pure platinum with a well-defined surface structure under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
D. Pohl
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Watzele
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica & Institut
de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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239
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Román AM, Dudoff J, Baz A, Holewinski A. Identifying “Optimal” Electrocatalysts: Impact of Operating Potential and Charge Transfer Model. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Román
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Institute, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jessica Dudoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Institute, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Adam Baz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Institute, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Adam Holewinski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Institute, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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240
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Kim Y, Noh C, Jung Y, Kang H. The Nature of Hydrated Protons on Platinum Surfaces. Chemistry 2017; 23:17566-17575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro; Seoul 08826
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro; Seoul 08826
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro; Seoul 08826
| | - Heon Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro; Seoul 08826
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241
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Abstract
Electrochemical devices for efficient production of hydrogen as energy carrier rely still largely on rare platinum group metal catalysts. Chemically and structurally modified metal dichalcogenide MoS2 is a promising substitute for these critical raw materials at the cathode side where the hydrogen evolution reaction takes place. For precise understanding of structure and hydrogen adsorption characteristics in chemically modified MoS2 nanostructures, we perform comprehensive density functional theory calculations on transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) doping at the experimentally relevant MoS2 surfaces at substitutional Mo-sites. Clear benefits of doping the basal plane are found, whereas at the Mo- and S-edges complex modifications at the whole edge are observed. New insight into doping-enhanced activity is obtained and guidance is given for further experiments. We study a machine learning model to facilitate the screening of suitable structures and find a promising level of prediction accuracy with minimal structural input.
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242
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Intikhab S, Snyder JD, Tang MH. Adsorbed Hydroxide Does Not Participate in the Volmer Step of Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Intikhab
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maureen H. Tang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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243
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Yin X, Yan Y, Miao M, Zhan K, Li P, Yang J, Zhao B, Xia BY. Quasi-Emulsion Confined Synthesis of Edge-Rich Ultrathin MoS2
Nanosheets/Graphene Hybrid for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2017; 24:556-560. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
| | - Ya Yan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
- Shanghai Innovation Institute for Materials; Shanghai 200444 P.R. China
| | - Mao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics; Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
| | - Pingwei Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
- Shanghai Innovation Institute for Materials; Shanghai 200444 P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200093 P.R. China
- Shanghai Innovation Institute for Materials; Shanghai 200444 P.R. China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics; Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518000 P.R. China
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244
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Sheng T, Sun SG. Free energy landscape of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CO on aqueous FeN 4 center embedded graphene studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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245
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He ZD, Wei J, Chen YX, Santos E, Schmickler W. Hydrogen evolution at Pt(111) – activation energy, frequency factor and hydrogen repulsion. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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246
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Nayak A, Verma M, Sohn Y, Deshpande PA, Pradhan D. Highly Active Tungsten Oxide Nanoplate Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic and Near Neutral Electrolytes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7039-7047. [PMID: 31457286 PMCID: PMC6645150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, cost-effective, and earth-abundant catalyst that could drive the production of hydrogen from water without or with little external energy is the ultimate goal toward hydrogen economy. Herein, nanoplates of tungsten oxide and its hydrates (WO3·H2O) as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are reported. The square-shaped and stacked WO3·H2O nanoplates are synthesized at room temperature under air in ethanol only, making it as a promising green synthesis strategy. The repeated electrochemical cyclic voltammetry cycles modified the surface of WO3·H2O nanoplates to WO3 as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy, which leads to an improved HER activity. Hydrogen evolution is further achieved from distilled water (pH 5.67) producing 1 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 15 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, WO3·H2O and WO3 nanoplates demonstrate excellent durability in acidic and neutral media, which is highly desirable for practical application. Improved hydrogen evolution by WO3(200) when compared to that by Pt(111) is further substantiated by the density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan
Kumar Nayak
- Materials
Science Centre and Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
| | - Manju Verma
- Materials
Science Centre and Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Parag A. Deshpande
- Materials
Science Centre and Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials
Science Centre and Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
- E-mail: (D.P.)
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247
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Caro MA, Lopez-Acevedo O, Laurila T. Redox Potentials from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Explicit Entropy Calculations: Application to Transition Metals in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3432-3441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Caro
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- COMP
Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied
Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150Finland
| | - Olga Lopez-Acevedo
- COMP
Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied
Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150Finland
- Departamento
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, 050026 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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248
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Ling C, Ouyang Y, Shi L, Yuan S, Chen Q, Wang J. Template-Grown MoS2 Nanowires Catalyze the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Ultralow Kinetic Barriers with High Active Site Density. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Ling
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shi
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School
of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic
Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
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249
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Yanase S, Oi T. Reduced partition function ratios of hydrogen species adsorbed on platinum cluster Pt19 studied by density functional theory. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2017.1344578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yanase
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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250
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