201
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Shaili E, Fernández-Giménez M, Rodríguez-Astor S, Gandioso A, Sandín L, García-Vélez C, Massaguer A, Clarkson GJ, Woods JA, Sadler PJ, Marchán V. A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin. Chemistry 2015; 21:18474-86. [PMID: 26662220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3 )2 (OH)(succ)(py)2 ] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum-rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro-drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum-guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) led to the formation of trans-[Pt(N3 )(py)2 (5'-GMP)](+) , as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3 (py)2 }(+) to guanine nucleobases in a short single-stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro-drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK-MEL-28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK-MEL-28 cells than in DU-145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Marta Fernández-Giménez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Savina Rodríguez-Astor
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Lluís Sandín
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Carlos García-Vélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona (Spain)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK)
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY (UK)
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry (UK).
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona (Spain).
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202
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Leonidova A, Anstaett P, Pierroz V, Mari C, Spingler B, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Induction of Cytotoxicity through Photorelease of Aminoferrocene. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9740-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonidova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Anstaett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute
of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute
of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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203
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Renfrew AK, Bryce NS, Hambley T. Cobalt(III) Chaperone Complexes of Curcumin: Photoreduction, Cellular Accumulation and Light-Selective Toxicity towards Tumour Cells. Chemistry 2015; 21:15224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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204
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Knoll JD, Albani BA, Turro C. New Ru(II) complexes for dual photoreactivity: ligand exchange and (1)O2 generation. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2280-7. [PMID: 26186416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the factors that govern the electronic structure of Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes is critical in designing new compounds for desired photochemical reactions, and strategies to tune excited states for ligand dissociation and (1)O2 production are discussed herein. The generally accepted mechanism for photoinduced ligand dissociation proposes that population of the dissociative triplet ligand field ((3)LF) state proceeds through thermal population from the vibrationally cooled triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) state; however, temperature-dependent emission spectroscopy provides varied activation energies using the emission and ligand exchange quantum yields for [Ru(bpy)2(L)2](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; L = CH3CN or py). This suggests that population of the (3)LF state proceeds from the vibrationally excited (3)MLCT state. Because the quantum yield of ligand dissociation for nitriles is much more efficient than that for py, steric bulk was introduced into the ligand set to distort the pseudo-octahedral geometry and lower the energy of the (3)LF state. The py dissociation quantum yield with 500 nm irradiation in a series of [Ru(tpy)(NN)(py)](2+) complexes (tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; NN = bpy, 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Me2bpy), 2,2'-biquinoline (biq)) increases by 2-3 orders of magnitude with the sterically bulky Me2bpy and biq ligands relative to bpy. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals population of the (3)LF state within 3-7 ps when NN is bulky, and density functional theory calculations support stabilized (3)LF states. Dual activity via ligand dissociation and (1)O2 production can be achieved by careful selection of the ligand set to tune the excited-state dynamics. Incorporation of an extended π system in Ru(II) complexes such as [Ru(bpy)(dppn)(CH3CN)2](2+) (dppn = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) and [Ru(tpy)(Me2dppn)(py)](2+) (Me2dppn = 3,6-dimethylbenzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) introduces low-lying, long-lived dppn/Me2dppn (3)ππ* excited states that generate (1)O2. Similar to [Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2](2+), photodissociation of CH3CN occurs upon irradiation of [Ru(bpy)(dppn)(CH3CN)2](2+), although with lower efficiency because of the presence of the (3)ππ* state. The steric bulk in [Ru(tpy)(Me2dppn)(py)](2+) is critical in facilitating the photoinduced py dissociation, as the analogous complex [Ru(tpy)(dppn)(py)](2+) produces (1)O2 with near-unit efficiency. The ability to tune the relative energies of the excited states provides a means to design potentially more active drugs for photochemotherapy because the photorelease of drugs can be coupled to the therapeutic action of reactive oxygen species, effecting cell death via two different mechanisms. The lessons learned about tuning of the excited-state properties can be applied to the use of Ru(II)-polypyridyl compounds in a variety of applications, such as solar energy conversion, sensors and switches, and molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Knoll
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Bryan A. Albani
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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205
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Tu YJ, Mazumder S, Endicott JF, Turro C, Kodanko JJ, Schlegel HB. Selective Photodissociation of Acetonitrile Ligands in Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes Studied by Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8003-11. [PMID: 26244447 PMCID: PMC4743049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes that release ligands upon photoexcitation are important tools for biological research and show great potential as highly specific therapeutics. Upon excitation with visible light, [Ru(TQA)(MeCN)2](2+) [TQA = tris(2-quinolinylmethyl)amine] exchanges one of the two acetonitriles (MeCNs), whereas [Ru(DPAbpy)MeCN](2+) [DPAbpy = N-(2,2'-bipyridin-6-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine] does not release MeCN. Furthermore, [Ru(TQA)(MeCN)2](2+) is highly selective for release of the MeCN that is perpendicular to the plane of the two axial quinolines. Density functional theory calculations provide a clear explanation for the photodissociation behavior of these two complexes. Excitation by visible light and intersystem crossing leads to a six-coordinate (3)MLCT state. Dissociation of acetonitrile can occur after internal conversion to a dissociative (3)MC state, which has an occupied dσ* orbital that interacts in an antibonding fashion with acetonitrile. For [Ru(TQA)(MeCN)2](2+), the dissociative (3)MC state is lower than the (3)MLCT state. In contrast, the (3)MC state of [Ru(DPAbpy)MeCN](2+) that releases acetonitrile has an energy higher than that of the (3)MLCT state, indicating dissociation is unfavorable. These results are consistent with the experimental observations that efficient photodissociation of acetonitrile occurs for [Ru(TQA)(MeCN)2](2+) but not for [Ru(DPAbpy)MeCN](2+). For the release of the MeCN ligand in [Ru(TQA)(MeCN)2](2+) that is perpendicular to the axial quinoline rings, the (3)MLCT state has an occupied quinoline π* orbital that can interact with a dσ* Ru-NCCH3 antibonding orbital as the Ru-NCCH3 bond is stretched and the quinolines bend toward the departing acetonitrile. This reduces the barrier for the formation of the dissociative (3)MC state, leading to the selective photodissociation of this acetonitrile. By contrast, when the acetonitrile is in the plane of the quinolines or bpy, no interaction occurs between the ligand π* orbital and the dσ* Ru-NCCH3 orbital, resulting in high barriers for conversion to the corresponding (3)MC structures and no release of acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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206
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Pefkianakis EK, Theodossiou TA, Toubanaki DK, Karagouni E, Falaras P, Papadopoulos K, Vougioukalakis GC. A Family of Potent Ru(II) Photosensitizers with Enhanced DNA Intercalation: Bimodal Photokillers. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodossis A. Theodossiou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Biology; The Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Dimitra K. Toubanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Department of Microbiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; Athens Greece
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Department of Microbiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; Athens Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; NCSR Demokritos; Aghia Paraskevi Greece
| | - Kyriakos Papadopoulos
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; NCSR Demokritos; Aghia Paraskevi Greece
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207
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Liu XW, Shu JS, Xiao Y, Shen YM, Zhang SB, Lu JL. DNA binding, photocleavage behavior, and topoisomerase I inhibitory activity of Ru(II) complexes incorporating an asymmetric phenazine-type ligand. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1057132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
| | - Jun-Shi Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
| | - You-Ming Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
| | - Song-Bai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
| | - Ji-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe, PR China
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208
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Tang TSM, Yip AMH, Zhang KY, Liu HW, Wu PL, Li KF, Cheah KW, Lo KKW. Bioorthogonal Labeling, Bioimaging, and Photocytotoxicity Studies of Phosphorescent Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Dibenzocyclooctyne Complexes. Chemistry 2015; 21:10729-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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209
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Reversal of a Single Base-Pair Step Controls Guanine Photo-Oxidation by an Intercalating Ruthenium(II) Dipyridophenazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8364-8. [PMID: 26096623 PMCID: PMC4985698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small changes in DNA sequence can often have major biological effects. Here the rates and yields of guanine photo‐oxidation by Λ‐[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ have been compared in 5′‐{CCGGATCCGG}2 and 5′‐{CCGGTACCGG}2 using pico/nanosecond transient visible and time‐resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopy. The inefficiency of electron transfer in the TA sequence is consistent with the 5′‐TA‐3′ versus 5′‐AT‐3′ binding preference predicted by X‐ray crystallography. The TRIR spectra also reveal the differences in binding sites in the two oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland). .,Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse St., Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - James P Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation campus Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse St., Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland)
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).
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210
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Reversal of a Single Base-Pair Step Controls Guanine Photo-Oxidation by an Intercalating Ruthenium(II) Dipyridophenazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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211
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Chen Y, Lei W, Jiang G, Hou Y, Li C, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Wang X. Fusion of photodynamic therapy and photoactivated chemotherapy: a novel Ru(II) arene complex with dual activities of photobinding and photocleavage toward DNA. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:15375-84. [PMID: 25188424 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes with dual functions of DNA photobinding via coordination and DNA photocleavage via(1)O2 may present potent antitumor activities with high selectivity and a wide anticancer spectrum. We herein report such a complex, [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(dpb)(py)](2+) (dpb = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzoquinoxaline, py = pyridine, 1). The highly delocalized nature of dpb provides 1 with long wavelength-absorbing properties and a long-lived excited state, facilitating (1)O2 generation. Additionally, the bulky nature of dpb leads to a distorted coordination geometry, and allow the (3)MC (metal-centered) state to be more accessible. From this, dissociation of py and dpb may occur, followed by the coordination of the resultant Ru fragment to nucleic bases if DNA is present. The dissociation of dpb can turn on fluorescence of its own, enabling real-time imaging of the photoactivation process. The fascinating properties of 1 and the underlying mechanisms that occur may provide guidelines for developing more efficient metallodrugs with dual potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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212
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Greenough SE, Roberts GM, Smith NA, Horbury MD, McKinlay RG, Żurek JM, Paterson MJ, Sadler PJ, Stavros VG. Ultrafast photo-induced ligand solvolysis of cis-[Ru(bipyridine)2(nicotinamide)2](2+): experimental and theoretical insight into its photoactivation mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:19141-55. [PMID: 25060066 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insight into the photo-induced solvent substitution reaction of cis-[Ru(bipyridine)2(nicotinamide)2](2+) (1) is presented. Complex 1 is a photoactive species, designed to display high cytotoxicity following irradiation, for potential use in photodynamic therapy (photochemotherapy). In Ru(II) complexes of this type, efficient population of a dissociative triplet metal-centred ((3)MC) state is key to generating high quantum yields of a penta-coordinate intermediate (PCI) species, which in turn may form the target species: a mono-aqua photoproduct [Ru(bipyridine)2(nicotinamide)(H2O)](2+) (2). Following irradiation of 1, a thorough kinetic picture is derived from ultrafast UV/Vis transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, using a 'target analysis' approach, and provides both timescales and quantum yields for the key processes involved. We show that photoactivation of 1 to 2 occurs with a quantum yield ≥0.36, all within a timeframe of ~400 ps. Characterization of the excited states involved, particularly the nature of the PCI and how it undergoes a geometry relaxation to accommodate the water ligand, which is a keystone in the efficiency of the photoactivation of 1, is accomplished through state-of-the-art computation including complete active space self-consistent field methods and time-dependent density functional theory. Importantly, the conclusions here provide a detailed understanding of the initial stages involved in this photoactivation and the foundation required for designing more efficacious photochemotherapy drugs of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Greenough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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213
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Mari C, Pierroz V, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Combination of Ru(ii) complexes and light: new frontiers in cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2660-2686. [PMID: 29308166 PMCID: PMC5639435 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic action of light, oxygen and a photosensitizer (PS) has found applications for decades in medicine under the name of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of skin diseases and, more recently, for the treatment of cancer. However, of the thirteen PSs currently approved for the treatment of cancer over more than 10 countries, only two contain a metal ion. This fact is rather surprising considering that nowadays around 50% of conventional chemotherapies involve the use of cisplatin and other platinum-containing drugs. In this perspective article, we review the opportunities brought by the use of Ru(ii) complexes as PSs in PDT. In addition, we also present the recent achievements in the application of Ru(ii) complexes in photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). In this strategy, the presence of oxygen is not required to achieve cell toxicity. This is of significance since tumors are generally hypoxic. Importantly, this perspective article focuses particularly on the Ru(ii) complexes for which an in vitro biological evaluation has been performed and the mechanism of action (partially) unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.gassergroup.com ; ; Tel: +41 44 635 4630
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.gassergroup.com ; ; Tel: +41 44 635 4630
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.gassergroup.com ; ; Tel: +41 44 635 4630
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214
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Liu XW, Shen YM, Li ZX, Zhong X, Chen YD, Zhang SB. Study on DNA binding behavior and light switch effect of new coumarin-derived Ru(II) complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:150-156. [PMID: 25956327 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new ligand mhcip (mhcip=2-(4-methyl-7-hydroxyl-8-coumarinyl)imidazo[4,5-f]-[1,10]phenanthroline) and its ruthenium complexes, [Ru(L)2mhcip](2+) (L=bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline)), have been synthesized and characterized. The introduction of coumarin ring may play an important role in the strong fluorescence of the complexes. Intercalative binding mode between both complexes and CT-DNA was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The two complexes show efficient DNA photocleavage under irradiation at 365 nm. The cycling of light switch off and on has been achieved for both complexes through the introduction of Cu(2+) and EDTA in the absence or presence of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China.
| | - You-Ming Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China
| | - Yuan-Dao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China
| | - Song-Bai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, ChangDe 415000, PR China
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215
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Reichardt C, Pinto M, Wächtler M, Stephenson M, Kupfer S, Sainuddin T, Guthmuller J, McFarland SA, Dietzek B. Photophysics of Ru(II) Dyads Derived from Pyrenyl-Substitued Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3986-94. [PMID: 25826128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of a series of Ru(II) dyads based on the 2-(1-pyrenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline ligand was investigated. The ability of these metal complexes to intercalate DNA and induce cell death upon photoactivation makes them attractive photosensitizers for a range of photobiological applications, including photodynamic therapy. In the present study, time-resolved transient absorption and emission spectroscopy were used to interrogate the photoinduced processes that follow metal-to-ligand charge transfer excitation of the complexes in solution. It was found that energy transfer to pyrene-localized intraligand triplet states, facilitated by torsional motion of the pyrene moiety relative to the imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand, was an important relaxation pathway governing the photophysical dynamics in this class of compounds. Biphasic decay kinetics were assigned to spontaneous (pre-equilibrium) and delayed emission, arising from an equilibrium established between (3)MLCT and (3)IL states. TDDFT calculations supported these interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichardt
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mitch Pinto
- §Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Maria Wächtler
- ‡Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mat Stephenson
- §Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tariq Sainuddin
- §Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- ∥Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- §Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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216
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Enantiomeric Conformation Controls Rate and Yield of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in DNA Sensitized by Ru(II) Dipyridophenazine Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:734-738. [PMID: 26262495 DOI: 10.1021/jz502743q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitized oxidation of guanine is an important route to DNA damage. Ruthenium polypyridyls are very useful photosensitizers, as their reactivity and DNA-binding properties are readily tunable. Here we show a strong difference in the reactivity of the two enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), by using time-resolved visible and IR spectroscopy. This reveals that the photosensitized one-electron oxidation of guanine in three oligonucleotide sequences proceeds with similar rates and yields for bound Δ-[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), whereas those for the Λ enantiomer are very sensitive to base sequence. It is proposed that these differences are due to preferences of each enantiomer for different binding sites in the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- ∥Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Clark
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- #School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine J Cardin
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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217
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Medici S, Peana M, Nurchi VM, Lachowicz JI, Crisponi G, Zoroddu MA. Noble metals in medicine: Latest advances. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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218
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Lo WKC, Huff GS, Cubanski JR, Kennedy ADW, McAdam CJ, McMorran DA, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Comparison of inverse and regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" complexes: structures, stability, electrochemical, and photophysical properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1572-87. [PMID: 25615621 DOI: 10.1021/ic502557w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two inverse 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" ligands, 2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine and 2-(4-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, and their palladium(II), platinum(II), rhenium(I), and ruthenium(II) complexes have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. The properties of these inverse "click" complexes have been compared to the isomeric regular compounds using a variety of techniques. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the regular and inverse complexes are structurally very similar. However, the chemical and physical properties of the isomers are quite different. Ligand exchange studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that metal complexes of the regular 2-(1-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) ligands are more stable than those formed with the inverse 2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) "click" chelators. Additionally, the bis-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ruthenium(II) complexes of the "click" chelators have been shown to have short excited state lifetimes, which in the inverse triazole case, resulted in ejection of the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand from the complex. Under identical conditions, the isomeric regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ruthenium(II) bpy complexes are photochemically inert. The absorption spectra of the inverse rhenium(I) and platinum(II) complexes are red-shifted compared to the regular compounds. It is shown that conjugation between the substituent group R and triazolyl unit has a negligible effect on the photophysical properties of the complexes. The inverse rhenium(I) complexes have large Stokes shifts, long metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state lifetimes, and respectable quantum yields which are relatively solvent insensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warrick K C Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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219
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Albani BA, Peña B, Saha S, White JK, Schaeffer AM, Dunbar KR, Turro C. A dinuclear Ru(ii) complex capable of photoinduced ligand exchange at both metal centers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16522-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
{[Ru(CH3CN)3]2(tppz)}4+ (tppz = tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine) undergoes photoinduced CH3CN exchange with λirr ≥ 610 nm in H2O from both metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Albani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - B. Peña
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - S. Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - J. K. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - A. M. Schaeffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - K. R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - C. Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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220
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Fong J, Kasimova K, Arenas Y, Kaspler P, Lazic S, Mandel A, Lilge L. A novel class of ruthenium-based photosensitizers effectively kills in vitro cancer cells and in vivo tumors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:2014-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photo-physical and photo-biological properties of two small (<2 kDa), novel Ru(ii) photosensitizers (PSs) referred to as TLD1411 and TLD1433 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamola Kasimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network
- Toronto
- Canada
- University of Toronto
- Department of Medical Biophysics
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221
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Zhang Y, Lai L, Cai P, Cheng GZ, Xu XM, Liu Y. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of dinuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes linked by an alkyl chain. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of three novel ruthenium complexes was studied and the cytotoxicity increased with the increase of the amount of methylene in the bridging ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Lu Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhoun
- China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Gong-Zhen Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Cancer Center
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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222
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Tang TSM, Leung KK, Louie MW, Liu HW, Cheng SH, Lo KKW. Phosphorescent biscyclometallated iridium(iii) ethylenediamine complexes functionalised with polar ester or carboxylate groups as bioimaging and visualisation reagents. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4945-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new phosphorescent biscyclometallated iridium(iii) ethylenediamine complexes were designed as bioimaging and visualization reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Siu-Ming Tang
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Keung Leung
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Wai Louie
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biomedical Sciences
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Centre for Functional Photonics and Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- People's Republic of China
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223
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Knoll JD, Turro C. Control and utilization of ruthenium and rhodium metal complex excited states for photoactivated cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2015; 282-283:110-126. [PMID: 25729089 PMCID: PMC4343038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of visible light to produce highly selective and potent drugs through photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds much potential in the treatment of cancer. PDT agents can be designed to follow an O2-dependent mechanism by producing highly reactive species such as 1O2 and/or an O2 independent mechanism through processes such as excited state electron transfer, covalent binding to DNA or photoinduced drug delivery. Ru(II)-polypyridyl and Rh2(II,II) complexes represent an important class of compounds that can be tailored to exhibit desired photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity by judicious selection of the ligand set. Complexes with relatively long-lived excited states and planar, intercalating ligands localize on the DNA strand and photocleave DNA through 1O2 production or guanine oxidation by the excited state of the chromophore. Photoinduced ligand substitution occurs through the population of triplet metal centered (3MC) excited states and facilitates covalent binding of the metal complex to DNA in a mode similar to cisplatin. Ligand photodissociation also provides a route to selective drug delivery. The ability to construct metal complexes with desired light absorbing and excited state properties by ligand variation enables the design of PDT agents that can potentially provide combination therapy from a single metal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Knoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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224
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Sun Q, Mosquera-Vazquez S, Suffren Y, Hankache J, Amstutz N, Lawson Daku LM, Vauthey E, Hauser A. On the role of ligand-field states for the photophysical properties of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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225
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Shi G, Monro S, Hennigar R, Colpitts J, Fong J, Kasimova K, Yin H, DeCoste R, Spencer C, Chamberlain L, Mandel A, Lilge L, McFarland SA. Ru(II) dyads derived from α-oligothiophenes: A new class of potent and versatile photosensitizers for PDT. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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226
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Zhou QX, Zheng Y, Wang TJ, Chen YJ, Li K, Zhang YY, Li C, Hou YJ, Wang XS. A novel azopyridine-based Ru(ii) complex with GSH-responsive DNA photobinding ability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10684-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An azopyridine-based Ru(ii) complex was synthesized as a glutathione (GSH)-responsive photoactivated DNA covalent binding agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Xiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Tian-Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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227
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Deng Z, Yu L, Cao W, Zheng W, Chen T. A selenium-containing ruthenium complex as a cancer radiosensitizer, rational design and the important role of ROS-mediated signalling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07926d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have described the rational design of selenium-containing ruthenium complexes and their use as cancer radiosensitizers through regulating ROS-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Lianling Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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228
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Albani BA, Whittemore T, Durr CB, Turro C. Steric and Electronic Factors Associated with the Photoinduced Ligand Exchange of Bidentate Ligands Coordinated to Ru(II). Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:616-23. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Albani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
| | - Tyler Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
| | - Christopher B. Durr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
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229
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Banerjee S, Dixit A, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. Remarkable Selectivity and Photo-Cytotoxicity of an Oxidovanadium(IV) Complex of Curcumin in Visible Light. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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230
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Li Z, David A, Albani BA, Pellois JP, Turro C, Dunbar KR. Optimizing the Electronic Properties of Photoactive Anticancer Oxypyridine-Bridged Dirhodium(II,II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17058-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5078359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Amanda David
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Bryan A. Albani
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kim R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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231
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Albani BA, Peña B, Leed NA, de Paula NABG, Pavani C, Baptista MS, Dunbar KR, Turro C. Marked improvement in photoinduced cell death by a new tris-heteroleptic complex with dual action: singlet oxygen sensitization and ligand dissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17095-101. [PMID: 25393595 DOI: 10.1021/ja508272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The new tris-heteroleptic complex [Ru(bpy)(dppn)(CH3CN)2](2+) (3, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dppn = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a;2',3'-c]phenazine) was synthesized and characterized in an effort to generate a molecule capable of both singlet oxygen ((1)O2) production and ligand exchange upon irradiation. Such dual reactivity has the potential to be useful for increasing the efficacy of photochemotherapy drugs by acting via two different mechanisms simultaneously. The photochemical properties and photoinduced cytotoxicity of 3 were compared to those of [Ru(bpy)2(dppn)](2+) (1) and [Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2](2+) (2), since 1 sensitizes the production of (1)O2 and 2 undergoes ligand exchange of the monodentate CH3CN ligands with solvent when irradiated. The quantum yield of (1)O2 production was measured to be 0.72(2) for 3 in methanol, which is slightly lower than that of 1, Φ = 0.88(2), in the same solvent (λirr = 460 nm). Complex 3 also undergoes photoinduced ligand exchange when irradiated in H2O (λirr = 400 nm), but with a low quantum efficiency (<1%). These results are explained by the presence of the low-lying ligand-centered (3)ππ* excited state of 3 localized on the dppn ligand, thus decreasing the relative population of the higher energy (3)dd state; the latter is associated with ligand dissociation. Cytotoxicity data with HeLa cells reveal that complex 3 exhibits a greater photocytotoxicity index, 1110, than does either 1 and 2, indicating that the dual-action complex is more photoactive toward cells in spite of its low ligand exchange quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Albani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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232
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Antoni PM, Naik A, Albert I, Rubbiani R, Gupta S, Ruiz-Sanchez P, Munikorn P, Mateos JM, Luginbuehl V, Thamyongkit P, Ziegler U, Gasser G, Jeschke G, Spingler B. (Metallo)porphyrins as Potent Phototoxic Anti-Cancer Agents after Irradiation with Red Light. Chemistry 2014; 21:1179-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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233
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Sun J, Chen WX, Song XD, Zhao XH, Ma AQ, Chen JX. Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction, and in vitro cytotoxicity activities of two ruthenium(II) complexes with disubstituted 2,2′-dipyridyl ligands bearing ammonium groups. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.977270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Xing-Dong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuan-Hao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Ai-Qing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Jia-Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
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234
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Huntosova V, Stroffekova K, Wagnieres G, Novotova M, Nichtova Z, Miskovsky P. Endosomes: guardians against [Ru(Phen)3]2+ photo-action in endothelial cells during in vivo pO2 detection? Metallomics 2014; 6:2279-89. [PMID: 25371090 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phototoxicity is a side-effect of in vitro and in vivo oxygen partial pressure (pO2) detection by luminescence lifetime measurement methods. Dichlorotris(1,10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(ii) hydrate ([Ru(Phen)3]2+) is a water soluble pO2 probe associated with low phototoxicity, which we investigated in vivo in the chick's chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) after intravenous or topical administration and in vitro in normal human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). In vivo, the level of intravenously injected [Ru(Phen)3]2+ decreases within several minutes, whereas the maximum of its biodistribution is observed during the first 2 h after topical application. Both routes are followed by convergence to almost identical "intra/extra-vascular" levels of [Ru(Phen)3]2+. In vitro, we observed that [Ru(Phen)3]2+ enters cells via endocytosis and is then redistributed. None of the studied conditions induced modification of lysosomal or mitochondrial membranes without illumination. No nuclear accumulation was observed. Without illumination [Ru(Phen)3]2+ induces changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport. The phototoxic effect of [Ru(Phen)3]2+ leads to more marked ultrastructural changes than administration of [Ru(Phen)3]2+ only (in the dark). These could lead to disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis accompanied by mitochondrial changes or to changes in secretory pathways. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the intravenous injection of [Ru(Phen)3]2+ into the CAM model mostly leads to extracellular localization of [Ru(Phen)3]2+, while its topical application induces intracellular localization. We have shown in vivo that [Ru(Phen)3]2+ induces minimal photo-damage after illumination with light doses larger by two orders of magnitude than those used for pO2 measurements. This low phototoxicity is due to the fact that [Ru(Phen)3]2+ enters endothelial cells via endocytosis and is then redistributed towards peroxisomes and other endosomal and secretory vesicles before it is eliminated via exocytosis. Cellular response to [Ru(Phen)3]2+, survival or death, depends on its intracellular concentration and oxidation-reduction properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of PJ Safarik in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
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235
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Heidary DK, Howerton BS, Glazer EC. Coordination of Hydroxyquinolines to a Ruthenium Bis-dimethyl-phenanthroline Scaffold Radically Improves Potency for Potential as Antineoplastic Agents. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8936-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501043s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Heidary
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Brock S. Howerton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Edith C. Glazer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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236
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Bonnet S. Shifting the Light Activation of Metallodrugs to the Red and Near-Infrared Region in Anticancer Phototherapy. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2014.979286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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237
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Albani BA, Peña B, Dunbar KR, Turro C. New cyclometallated Ru(II) complex for potential application in photochemotherapy? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:272-80. [PMID: 24220236 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to create a molecule that absorbs further into the optimum window for photochemotherapy (PCT), the new cyclometallated complex [Ru(biq)2(phpy)](PF6) (1, biq = 2,2'-biquinoline, phpy(-) = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine) was synthesized, characterized and compared to the known photoactive complexes [Ru(biq)2(bpy)](PF6)2 (2, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(biq)2(phen)](PF6)2 (3, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), both of which undergo exchange of one biq ligand when irradiated with red light in coordinating solvents. Excited state ligand dissociation in 2 and 3 is believed to be related to the steric hindrance afforded by the presence of two coordinated biq ligands. The ligand exchange quantum yield of 2 is ~2-fold greater than that of 3, which was shown to be cytotoxic when irradiated with visible light. Cyclometallation results in a red shift of the MLCT absorption maximum of ` by ~100 nm relative to those of 2 and 3, but, although 1 exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry, photoinduced ligand exchange does not occur. DFT calculations were used to aid in our understanding of the lack of photochemistry of 1 which is explained by the destabilization of the eg(σ*) orbitals upon cyclometallation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Albani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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238
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Hidayatullah AN, Wachter E, Heidary DK, Parkin S, Glazer EC. Photoactive Ru(II) complexes with dioxinophenanthroline ligands are potent cytotoxic agents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10030-2. [PMID: 25198057 DOI: 10.1021/ic5017164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two novel strained ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]-1,10-phenanthroline (dop) ligand selectively ejected a methylated ligand when irradiated with >400 nm light. The best compound exhibited a 1880-fold increase in cytotoxicity in human cancer cells upon light-activation and was 19-fold more potent than the well-known chemotherapeutic, cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad N Hidayatullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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239
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Frei A, Rubbiani R, Tubafard S, Blacque O, Anstaett P, Felgenträger A, Maisch T, Spiccia L, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of new Ru(II) polypyridyl photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7280-92. [PMID: 25121347 DOI: 10.1021/jm500566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, Ru(DIP)2(bdt) (1) and [Ru(dqpCO2Me)(ptpy)](2+) (2) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate, dqpCO2Me = 4-methylcarboxy-2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine), ptpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) have been investigated as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In our experimental settings, the phototoxicity and phototoxic index (PI) of 2 (IC50(light): 25.3 μM, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm(2); PI >4) and particularly of 1 (IC50(light): 0.62 μM, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm(2); PI: 80) are considerably superior compared to the two clinically approved PSs porfimer sodium and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Cellular uptake and distribution of these complexes was investigated by confocal microscopy (1) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1 and 2). Their phototoxicity was also determined against the Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli for potential antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) applications. Both complexes showed significant aPDT activity (420 nm, 8 J/cm(2)) against Gram-(+) (S. aureus; >6 log10 CFU reduction) and, for 2, also against Gram-(-) E. coli (>4 log10 CFU reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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240
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Knoll JD, Albani BA, Durr CB, Turro C. Unusually efficient pyridine photodissociation from Ru(II) complexes with sterically bulky bidentate ancillary ligands. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10603-10. [PMID: 25027458 PMCID: PMC4234441 DOI: 10.1021/jp5057732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of steric bulk to the bidentate ligand in [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(py)](2+) (1; tpy = 2,2':2',6″-terpyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; py = pyridine) to provide [Ru(tpy)(Me2bpy)(py)](2+) (2; Me2bpy = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(tpy)(biq)(py)](2+) (3; biq = 2,2'-biquinoline) facilitates photoinduced dissociation of pyridine with visible light. Upon irradiation of 2 and 3 in CH3CN (λirr = 500 nm), ligand exchange occurs to produce the corresponding [Ru(tpy)(NN)(NCCH3)](2+) (NN = Me2bpy, biq) complex with quantum yields, Φ500, of 0.16(1) and 0.033(1) for 2 and 3, respectively. These values represent an increase in efficiency of the reaction by 2-3 orders of magnitude as compared to that of 1, Φ500 < 0.0001, under similar experimental conditions. The photolysis of 2 and 3 in H2O with low energy light to produce [Ru(tpy)(NN)(OH2)](2+) (NN = Me2bpy, biq) also proceeds rapidly (λirr > 590 nm). Complexes 1-3 are stable in the dark in both CH3CN and H2O under similar experimental conditions. X-ray crystal structures and theoretical calculations highlight significant distortion of the planes of the bidentate ligands in 2 and 3 relative to that of 1. The crystallographic dihedral angles defined by the bidentate ligand, Me2bpy in 2 and biq in 3, and the tpy ligand were determined to be 67.87° and 61.89°, respectively, whereas only a small distortion from the octahedral geometry is observed between bpy and tpy in 1, 83.34°. The steric bulk afforded by Me2bpy and biq also result in major distortions of the pyridine ligand in 2 and 3, respectively, relative to 1, which are believed to weaken its σ-bonding and π-back-bonding to the metal and play a crucial role in the efficiency of the photoinduced ligand exchange. The ability of 2 and 3 to undergo ligand exchange with λirr > 590 nm makes them potential candidates to build photochemotherapeutic agents for the delivery of drugs with pyridine binding groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Knoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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241
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Leonidova A, Pierroz V, Rubbiani R, Lan Y, Schmitz AG, Kaech A, Sigel RKO, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Photo-induced uncaging of a specific Re(i) organometallic complex in living cells. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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242
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Yin H, Stephenson M, Gibson J, Sampson E, Shi G, Sainuddin T, Monro S, McFarland SA. In vitro multiwavelength PDT with 3IL states: teaching old molecules new tricks. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4548-59. [PMID: 24725142 DOI: 10.1021/ic5002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to ascertain whether (3)IL excited states with microsecond lifetimes are universally potent for photodynamic applications, and if these long-lived states are superior to their (3)MLCT counterparts as in vitro PDT agents. A family of blue-green absorbing, Ru(II)-based transition metal complexes derived from the π-expansive dppn ligand was prepared and characterized according to its photodynamic activity against HL-60 cells, and toward DNA in cell-free media. Complexes in this series that are characterized by low-energy and long-lived (3)IL excited states photocleaved DNA with blue, green, red, and near-IR light. This panchromatic photodynamic effect translated to in vitro multiwavelength photodynamic therapy (PDT) with red-light cytotoxicities as low as 1.5 μM (EC50) for the parent complex and 400 nM for its more lipophilic counterpart. This potency is similar to that achieved with Ru(II)-based dyads containing long-lived (3)IL excitons located on appended pyrenyl units, and appears to be a general property of sufficiently long-lived excited states. Moreover, the red PDT observed for certain members of this family was almost 5 times more potent than Photofrin with therapeutic indices 30 times greater. Related Ru(II) complexes having lowest-lying (3)MLCT states of much shorter duration (≤1 μs) did not yield DNA photodamage or in vitro PDT with red or near-IR light, nor did the corresponding Os(II) complex with a submicrosecond (3)IL excited state lifetime. Therefore, metal complexes that utilize highly photosensitizing (3)IL excited states, with suitably long lifetimes (≫ 1 μs), are well-poised to elicit PDT at wavelengths even where their molar extinction coefficients are very low (<100 M(-1) cm(-1)). Herein we demonstrate that such unexpected reactivity gives rise to very effective PDT in the typical therapeutic window (600-850 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
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243
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Marino A, Chakraborty P, Servol M, Lorenc M, Collet E, Hauser A. Die Rolle der Ligandenfeldzustände im ultraschnellen photophysikalischen Zyklus der Eisen(II)-Spinübergangsverbindung [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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244
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Marino A, Chakraborty P, Servol M, Lorenc M, Collet E, Hauser A. The Role of Ligand-Field States in the Ultrafast Photophysical Cycle of the Prototypical Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Compound [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3863-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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245
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Joshi T, Pierroz V, Mari C, Gemperle L, Ferrari S, Gasser G. A Bis(dipyridophenazine)(2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) Complex with Anticancer Action upon Photodeprotection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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246
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Joshi T, Pierroz V, Mari C, Gemperle L, Ferrari S, Gasser G. A bis(dipyridophenazine)(2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) complex with anticancer action upon photodeprotection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2960-3. [PMID: 24500767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the selectivity of anticancer drugs towards cancer cells is one of the main goals of drug optimization; the prodrug strategy has been one of the most promising. A light-triggered prodrug strategy is presented as an efficient approach for controlling cytotoxicity of the substitutionally inert cytotoxic complex [Ru(dppz)2(CppH)](PF6)2(C1; CppH=2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine). Attachment of a photolabile 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-butyl (DMNPB) ester ("photocaging") makes the otherwise active complex C1 innocuous to both cancerous (HeLa and U2OS) and non-cancerous (MRC-5) cells. The cytotoxic action can be successfully unleashed in living cells upon light illumination (350 nm), reaching similar level of activity as the parent cytotoxic compound C1. This is the first substitutionally inert cytotoxic metal complex to be used as a light-triggered prodrug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (Switzerland) http://www.gassergroup.com.
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247
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Heidary DK, Glazer EC. A Light-Activated Metal Complex Targets both DNA and RNA in a Fluorescent in Vitro Transcription and Translation Assay. Chembiochem 2014; 15:507-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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248
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The Photochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes and Its Application in Biology and Medicine. LUMINESCENT AND PHOTOACTIVE TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES AS BIOMOLECULAR PROBES AND CELLULAR REAGENTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2014_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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249
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Silvero MJ, Peláez WJ, Garcia PF, Argüello GA. Fast synthesis of a tris(N,N-diimine)chromium( iii) complex by a microwave-assisted approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a quick, easy and eco-friendly procedure to synthesize [Cr(biim)3](NO3)3 by employing microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jazmín Silvero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba (INFIQC) CONICET-UNC
- Departamento de Físico Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Walter José Peláez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba (INFIQC) CONICET-UNC
- Departamento de Físico Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Pablo F. Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba (INFIQC) CONICET-UNC
- Departamento de Físico Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Gerardo A. Argüello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba (INFIQC) CONICET-UNC
- Departamento de Físico Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
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250
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Wachter E, Howerton BS, Hall EC, Parkin S, Glazer EC. A new type of DNA “light-switch”: a dual photochemical sensor and metalating agent for duplex and G-quadruplex DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:311-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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