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Kim K, Wang Y, Kirby RS, Druschel CM. Prevalence and trends of selected congenital malformations in New York state, 1983 to 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 97:619-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keewan Kim
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place; Rensselaer; New York
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202
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Malik S, Wilcox ER, Naz S. Novel lip pit phenotypes and mutations of IRF6 in Van der Woude syndrome patients from Pakistan. Clin Genet 2013; 85:487-91. [PMID: 23713753 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene mutations in causing Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) and poplyteal pterygium syndrome has been described in different populations worldwide. The former is one of the major syndromes of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) with the distinct phenotype of presence of pits with or without sinuses on the lower lip. We identified seven probands with VWS from Punjab province of Pakistan and recognized two previously unreported lip pit phenotypes. The mutational analysis of IRF6 in this cohort revealed four novel and two previously reported mutations. The newly identified mutations include three frameshifts (c.635delG; c.21_33del13; c.627delC) and one transition mutation (c.2T>C) affecting the first codon of IRF6. Together with a past epidemiological study on VWS in Pakistan, the frequency of this syndrome among CL/P individuals from Punjab was calculated to be 1.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- School of Biological Sciences; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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203
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de Aquino SN, Messetti AC, Bagordakis E, Martelli-Júnior H, Swerts MSO, Graner E, Coletta RD. Polymorphisms in FGF12, VCL, CX43 and VAX1 in Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:53. [PMID: 23679094 PMCID: PMC3660181 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common orofacial birth defect with a wide range prevalence among different populations. Previous association studies with populations from Europe and Asia have identified putative susceptibility markers for NSCL/P in fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12), vinculin (VCL), connexin 43 (CX43) and in a region close to the ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1) gene. However, there have thus far been no studies of these markers in NSCL/P Brazilian patients, and as the genetic ancestry of the Brazilian population is highly varied, the predisposition to those disease markers can be different. METHODS Herein we conducted a structured association study conditioned on the individual ancestry proportions to determine the role of 16 polymorphic markers within those genes in 300 patients with NSCL/P and 385 unaffected controls. RESULTS None of the alleles and genotypes showed association with NSCL/P, though there was a significant association of the haplotype formed by VAX1 rs10787760, rs6585429 and rs1871345 polymorphisms with NSCL/P that did not persist Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with a lack of involvement of FGF12, VCL and CX43 variants with NSCL/P pathogenesis in Brazilian patients. Furthermore, the higher frequency of a haplotype of VAX1 with NSCL/P patients suggests a low penetrant gene for oral cleft, and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibele Nascimento de Aquino
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Camila Messetti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Bagordakis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hercílio Martelli-Júnior
- Stomatology Clinic, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José Rosário Vellano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Oliveira Swerts
- Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José Rosário Vellano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paranaíba LMR, de Aquino SN, Bufalino A, Martelli-Júnior H, Graner E, Brito LA, e Passos-Bueno MRDS, Coletta RD, Swerts MSO. Contribution of polymorphisms in genes associated with craniofacial development to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Brazilian population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e414-20. [PMID: 23524414 PMCID: PMC3668866 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. One strategy for identifying of possible NSCL/P genetic causes is to evaluate polymorphic variants in genes involved in the craniofacial development.
Design: We carried out a case-control analysis of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 genes related to craniofacial development, including TBX1, PVRL1, MID1, RUNX2, TP63, TGF?3, MSX1, MYH9 and JAG2, in 367 patients with NSCL/P and 413 unaffected controls from Brazil to determine their association with NSCL/P.
Results: Four out of 13 polymorphisms (rs28649236 and rs4819522 of TBX1, rs7940667 of PVRL1 and rs1057744 of JAG2) were presented in our population. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies revealed that the G variant allele and the AG/GG genotypes of TBX1 rs28649236 occurred in a frequency significantly higher in controls than in the NSCL/P group (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.67; p=0.0002). The frequencies of rs4819522, rs7940667 and rs1057744 minor alleles and genotypes were similar between control and NSCL/P group, without significant differences. No significant associations among cleft types and polymorphisms were observed.
Conclusion: The study suggests for the first time evidences to an association of the G allele of TBX1 rs28649236 polymorphism and NSCL/P.
Key words:Cleft lip, cleft palate, polymorphism, genetic.
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205
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Zeng N, Wu J, Zhu WC, Ma L, Jia ZL, Shi B. Associations between EYA1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in Western Han Chinese. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:711-5. [PMID: 23601008 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Meng T, Shi JY, Wu M, Wang Y, Li L, Liu Y, Zheng Q, Huang L, Shi B. Overexpression of mouse TTF-2 gene causes cleft palate. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2362-8. [PMID: 22304410 PMCID: PMC3823429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, mutations of the gene encoding for thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF-2 or FOXE1) result in Bamforth syndrome. Bamforth syndrome is characterized by agenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair and choanal atresia. TTF-2 null mice (TTF-2−/−) also exhibit cleft palate, suggesting its involvement in the palatogenesis. However, the molecular pathology and genetic regulation by TTF2 remain largely unknown. In the present study, the recombinant expression vector pBROAD3-TTF-2 containing the promoter of the mouse ROSA26 gene was created to form the structural gene of mouse TTF-2 and was microinjected into the male pronuclei of fertilized ova. Sequence analysis confirmed that the TTF-2 transgenic mouse model was established successfully. The transgenic mice displayed a phenotype of cleft palate. In addition, we found that TTF-2 was highly expressed in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) from the embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) to E14.5 in TTF-2 transgenic mice. These observations suggest that overexpression of TTF-2 during palatogenesis may contribute to formation of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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207
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Rivera CA, Arenas MJ. Bases ambientales y genéticas de las fisuras orofaciales: Revisión. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2013.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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208
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Wu-Chou YH, Lo LJ, Chen KTP, Chang CSF, Chen YR. A combined targeted mutation analysis of IRF6 gene would be useful in the first screening of oral facial clefts. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 23510002 PMCID: PMC3606492 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is a member of the IRF family of transcription factors. It has been suggested to be an important contributor to orofacial development since mutations of the IRF6 gene has been found in Van der Woude (VWS) and popliteal pterygium syndromes (PPS), two disorders that can present with isolated cleft lip and palate. The association between IRF6 gene and cleft lip and palate has also been independently replicated in many populations. Methods We screened a total of 155 Taiwanese patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P); 31 syndromic (including 19 VWS families), 44 non-syndromic families with at least two affected members, and 80 non-syndromic patients through a combined targeted, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mutation analysis for the entire coding regions of IRF6 gene. Results We found 11 mutations in 57.89% (11/19) of the VWS patients and no IRF6 mutation in 44 of the non-syndromic multiplex families and 80 non-syndromic oral cleft patients. In this IRF6 gene screening, five of these mutations (c.290 A>G, p.Tyr97Cys; c.360-375 16 bp deletion, p.Gln120HisfsX24; c.411_412 insA, p.Glu136fsX3; c.871 A>C, p.Thr291Pro; c.969 G>A, and p.Trp323X) have not been reported in the literature previously. Exon deletion was not detected in this series of IRF6 gene screening. Conclusions Our results confirm the crucial role of IRF6 in the VWS patients and further work is needed to explore for its function in the non-syndromic oral cleft with vary clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yah-Huei Wu-Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Filézio MR, Bagordakis E, de Aquino SN, Pereira Messetti AC, Martelli-Júnior H, Swerts MSO, Graner E, Coletta RD, Paranaíba LMR. Polymorphisms in GABRB3 and Oral Clefting in the Brazilian Population. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:125-9. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Rosa Filézio
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Bagordakis
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hercílio Martelli-Júnior
- Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Dental School, University of Montes Claros Dental, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Oliveira Swerts
- Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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210
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Widdershoven JC, Bowser M, Sheridan MB, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Solot CB, Kirschner RE, Beemer FA, Morrow BE, Devoto M, Emanuel BS. A candidate gene approach to identify modifiers of the palatal phenotype in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:123-7. [PMID: 23121717 PMCID: PMC4098838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palatal anomalies are one of the identifying features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) affecting about one third of patients. To identify genetic variants that increase the risk of cleft or palatal anomalies in 22q11.2DS patients, we performed a candidate gene association study in 101 patients with 22q11.2DS genotyped with the Affymetrix genome-wide human SNP array 6.0. METHODS Patients from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands were stratified based on palatal phenotype (overt cleft, submucosal cleft, bifid uvula). SNPs in 21 candidate genes for cleft palate were analyzed for genotype-phenotype association. In addition, TBX1 sequencing was carried out. Quality control and association analyses were conducted using the software package PLINK. RESULTS Genotype and phenotype data of 101 unrelated patients (63 non-cleft subjects (62.4%), 38 cleft subjects (37.6%)) were analyzed. A Total of 39 SNPs on 10 genes demonstrated a p-value ≤0.05 prior to correction. The most significant SNPs were found on FGF10. However none of the SNPs remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Although these results are promising, analysis of additional samples will be required to confirm that variants in these regions influence risk for cleft palate or palatal anomalies in 22q11.2DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine C.C. Widdershoven
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 433875400
| | - Mark Bowser
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Molly B. Sheridan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Cynthia B. Solot
- Center for Childhood Communication, The Children's Seashore House of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Frits A. Beemer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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211
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Wehby GL, Goco N, Moretti-Ferreira D, Felix T, Richieri-Costa A, Padovani C, Queiros F, Guimaraes CVN, Pereira R, Litavecz S, Hartwell T, Chakraborty H, Javois L, Murray JC. Oral cleft prevention program (OCPP). BMC Pediatr 2012. [PMID: 23181832 PMCID: PMC3532199 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral clefts are one of the most common birth defects with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic ramifications. Oral clefts have a complex etiology with genetic and environmental risk factors. There are suggestive results for decreased risks of cleft occurrence and recurrence with folic acid supplements taken at preconception and during pregnancy with a stronger evidence for higher than lower doses in preventing recurrence. Yet previous studies have suffered from considerable design limitations particularly non-randomization into treatment. There is also well-documented effectiveness for folic acid in preventing neural tube defect occurrence at 0.4 mg and recurrence with 4 mg. Given the substantial burden of clefting on the individual and the family and the supportive data for the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation as well as its low cost, a randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of high versus low dose folic acid for prevention of cleft recurrence is warranted. Methods/design This study will assess the effect of 4 mg and 0.4 mg doses of folic acid, taken on a daily basis during preconception and up to 3 months of pregnancy by women who are at risk of having a child with nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without palate (NSCL/P), on the recurrence of NSCL/P. The total sample will include about 6,000 women (that either have NSCL/P or that have at least one child with NSCL/P) randomly assigned to the 4 mg and the 0.4 mg folic acid study groups. The study will also compare the recurrence rates of NSCL/P in the total sample of subjects, as well as the two study groups (4mg, 0.4 mg) to that of a historical control group. The study has been approved by IRBs (ethics committees) of all involved sites. Results will be disseminated through publications and presentations at scientific meetings. Discussion The costs related to oral clefts are high, including long term psychological and socio-economic effects. This study provides an opportunity for huge savings in not only money but the overall quality of life. This may help establish more specific clinical guidelines for oral cleft prevention so that the intervention can be better tailored for at-risk women. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00397917
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Velázquez-Aragón JA, Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Estandia-Ortega B, Reyna-Fabián ME, Cruz-Fuentes C, Villagómez S, González-del Angel A. Association of interactions among the IRF6 gene, the 8q24 region, and maternal folic acid intake with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate in Mexican Mestizos. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:3207-10. [PMID: 23169698 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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213
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Wang M, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Wang L. Three polymorphisms inIRF6and 8q24 are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Evidence from 20 studies. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:3080-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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214
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Genetics and management of the patient with orofacial cleft. PLASTIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:782821. [PMID: 23213504 PMCID: PMC3503281 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip or palate (CL/P) is a common facial defect present in 1 : 700 live births and results in substantial burden to patients. There are more than 500 CL/P syndromes described, the causes of which may be single-gene mutations, chromosomopathies, and exposure to teratogens. Part of the most prevalent syndromic CL/P has known etiology. Nonsyndromic CL/P, on the other hand, is a complex disorder, whose etiology is still poorly understood. Recent genome-wide association studies have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic causes, by raising reproducible susceptibility genetic variants; their etiopathogenic roles, however, are difficult to predict, as in the case of the chromosomal region 8q24, the most corroborated locus predisposing to nonsyndromic CL/P. Knowing the genetic causes of CL/P will directly impact the genetic counseling, by estimating precise recurrence risks, and the patient management, since the patient, followup may be partially influenced by their genetic background. This paper focuses on the genetic causes of important syndromic CL/P forms (van der Woude syndrome, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and Robin sequence-associated syndromes) and depicts the recent findings in nonsyndromic CL/P research, addressing issues in the conduct of the geneticist.
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Lace B, Kempa I, Klovins J, Stavusis J, Krumina A, Akota I, Barkane B, Vieira AR, Nagle E, Grinfelde I, Maulina I. BCL3 gene role in facial morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:918-24. [PMID: 23115114 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip (CL) with or without palate (CLP) and isolated cleft palate (CP) are etiologically complex diseases with interactions among various environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the current study was to identify association with genetic markers and phenotypic craniofacial data in patients with CL/CLP/CP parents. METHODS Posteroanterior and lateral digital radiographs of the cranium were obtained from 74 parents of patients with CL/CLP/CP. One hundred seventy-three patients with CL/CLP/CP and 190 controls were enrolled in the study for the association test. Five genetic markers of the IRF6 gene and 14 markers of the 19q13 locus were genotyped. Linear regression analysis was performed for the relationship of cephalometric measurements with genotype data adjusted for age, gender, and cleft type. Chi-square and transmission disequilibrium tests were performed to evaluate differences in alleles of the BCL3 gene. Positive findings were replicated in an independent sample (n = 95) of patients with CL/CLP/CP parents. RESULTS Genetic markers of the BCL3 gene at 19q13, rs7257231, and rs1979377 in the familial association test and rs10401176 in the case-control association test, were associated with craniofacial phenotype. Carriers of BCL3 allele rs7257231T had longer posterior cranial bases than noncarriers (p(adjusted) = 0.0028), and in the familial-based association test showed the statistically strongest relationship (p(adjusted) = 0.05) to phenotype. Relation of rs7257231 to facial formation was confirmed in the replication group (p = 0.0024). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that BCL3, which has functions related to cell adhesion and whose downregulation can cause disruption of ectodermal development, is likely to be important in facial formation. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Study and Research Centre, Riga, Latvia.
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216
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Nasser E, Mangold E, Tradowsky DC, Fier H, Becker J, Boehmer AC, Herberz R, Fricker N, Barth S, Wahle P, Nowak S, Reutter H, Reich RH, Lauster C, Braumann B, Kreusch T, Hemprich A, Pötzsch B, Hoffmann P, Kramer FJ, Knapp M, Lange C, Nöthen MM, Ludwig KU. Resequencing of VAX1 in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:925-33. [PMID: 23081944 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common of all congenital anomalies, and has a multifactorial etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong association between a locus on chromosome 10q25.3 and NSCL/P in European samples. One gene at 10q25.3, the ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1) gene, is considered a strong candidate gene for craniofacial malformations. The purpose of the present study was to provide further evidence that VAX1 is the causal gene at the 10q25.3 locus through identification of an excess of rare mutations in patients with NSCL/P. METHODS The 5'UTR, complete coding regions, and adjacent splice sites of the two known VAX1 isoforms were sequenced in 384 patients with NSCL/P and 384 controls of Central European descent. Observed variants were investigated with respect to familial cosegregation or de novo occurrence, and in silico analyses were performed to identify putative effects on the transcript or protein level. RESULTS Eighteen single-base variants were found, 15 of them rare and previously unreported. In the long VAX1 isoform, predicted functionally relevant variants were observed more often in NSCL/P cases, although this difference was not significant (p = 0.17). Analysis of family members demonstrated incomplete cosegregation in most pedigrees. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the hypothesis that highly penetrant rare variants in VAX1 are a cause of NSCL/P. To determine whether VAX1 is the causative gene at 10q25.3 further research, in particular into the biologic function of its long isoform, is warranted. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entessar Nasser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Fontoura C, Silva RM, Granjeiro JM, Letra A. Further evidence of association of the ABCA4 gene with cleft lip/palate. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:553-7. [PMID: 23167473 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex etiology. Numerous genes and environmental factors, and their interactions, are thought to play a role in the susceptibility to CL/P. A recent genome-wide association study with several populations revealed markers in/near transcription factor vmaf musculoaponeurtoic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 4 (ABCA4) genes as new susceptibility loci for CL/P. We hypothesized that these genes could also contribute to CL/P in a Brazilian population, and hence we evaluated if the associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAFB (rs13041247 and rs11696257) and ABCA4 (rs560426 and rs481931) were associated with CL/P in our case-control data set. We genotyped 812 Caucasian individuals (400 cases and 412 controls) from Brazil. Allele frequencies were compared for cases and controls as well as for cleft subgroups and controls. ABCA4 rs540426 showed strong associations with CL/P, unilateral and right CL/P, and bilateral CL/P, whereas the SNP rs481931 showed borderline associations with CL/P and bilateral CL/P . No association was found for MAFB. Our results support a potential role for ABCA4 in the etiology of CL/P in individuals from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Fontoura
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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218
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Leslie EJ, Mansilla MA, Biggs LC, Schuette K, Bullard S, Cooper M, Dunnwald M, Lidral AC, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Expression and mutation analyses implicate ARHGAP29 as the etiologic gene for the cleft lip with or without cleft palate locus identified by genome-wide association on chromosome 1p22. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:934-42. [PMID: 23008150 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with complex etiology reflecting the action of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified five novel loci associated with NSCL/P, including a locus on 1p22.1 near the ABCA4 gene. Because neither expression analysis nor mutation screening support a role for ABCA4 in NSCL/P, we investigated the adjacent gene ARHGAP29. METHODS Mutation screening for ARHGAP29 protein coding exons was conducted in 180 individuals with NSCL/P and controls from the United States and the Philippines. Nine exons with variants in ARHGAP29 were then screened in an independent set of 872 cases and 802 controls. Arhgap29 expression was evaluated using in situ hybridization in murine embryos. RESULTS Sequencing of ARHGAP29 revealed eight potentially deleterious variants in cases including a frameshift and a nonsense variant. Arhgap29 showed craniofacial expression and was reduced in a mouse deficient for Irf6, a gene previously shown to have a critical role in craniofacial development. CONCLUSION The combination of genome-wide association, rare coding sequence variants, craniofacial specific expression, and interactions with IRF6 support a role for ARHGAP29 in NSCL/P and as the etiologic gene at the 1p22 genome-wide association study locus for NSCL/P. This work suggests a novel pathway in which the IRF6 gene regulatory network interacts with the Rho pathway via ARHGAP29. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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219
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Letra A, Fakhouri W, Fonseca RF, Menezes R, Kempa I, Prasad JL, McHenry TG, Lidral AC, Moreno L, Murray JC, Daack-Hirsch S, Marazita ML, Castilla EE, Lace B, Orioli IM, Granjeiro JM, Schutte BC, Vieira AR. Interaction between IRF6 and TGFA genes contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45441. [PMID: 23029012 PMCID: PMC3447924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence from tooth agenesis studies suggested IRF6 and TGFA interact. Since tooth agenesis is commonly found in individuals with cleft lip/palate (CL/P), we used four large cohorts to evaluate if IRF6 and TGFA interaction contributes to CL/P. Markers within and flanking IRF6 and TGFA genes were tested using Taqman or SYBR green chemistries for case-control analyses in 1,000 Brazilian individuals. We looked for evidence of gene-gene interaction between IRF6 and TGFA by testing if markers associated with CL/P were overtransmitted together in the case-control Brazilian dataset and in the additional family datasets. Genotypes for an additional 142 case-parent trios from South America drawn from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), 154 cases from Latvia, and 8,717 individuals from several cohorts were available for replication of tests for interaction. Tgfa and Irf6 expression at critical stages during palatogenesis was analyzed in wild type and Irf6 knockout mice. Markers in and near IRF6 and TGFA were associated with CL/P in the Brazilian cohort (p<10−6). IRF6 was also associated with cleft palate (CP) with impaction of permanent teeth (p<10−6). Statistical evidence of interaction between IRF6 and TGFA was found in all data sets (p = 0.013 for Brazilians; p = 0.046 for ECLAMC; p = 10−6 for Latvians, and p = 0.003 for the 8,717 individuals). Tgfa was not expressed in the palatal tissues of Irf6 knockout mice. IRF6 and TGFA contribute to subsets of CL/P with specific dental anomalies. Moreover, this potential IRF6-TGFA interaction may account for as much as 1% to 10% of CL/P cases. The Irf6-knockout model further supports the evidence of IRF6-TGFA interaction found in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Letra
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walid Fakhouri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Renata F. Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Center of Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Menezes
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Inga Kempa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanne L. Prasad
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Toby G. McHenry
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew C. Lidral
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lina Moreno
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sandra Daack-Hirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eduardo E. Castilla
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center of Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno”), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET (National Research Council of Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- iNaGeMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- iNaGeMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose M. Granjeiro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil and INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Brian C. Schutte
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- * E-mail:
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220
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de la Garza G, Schleiffarth JR, Dunnwald M, Mankad A, Weirather JL, Bonde G, Butcher S, Mansour TA, Kousa YA, Fukazawa CF, Houston DW, Manak JR, Schutte BC, Wagner DS, Cornell RA. Interferon regulatory factor 6 promotes differentiation of the periderm by activating expression of Grainyhead-like 3. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:68-77. [PMID: 22931925 PMCID: PMC3541433 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor that, in mammals, is required for the differentiation of skin, breast epithelium, and oral epithelium. However, the transcriptional targets that mediate these effects are currently unknown. In zebrafish and frog embryos Irf6 is necessary for differentiation of the embryonic superficial epithelium, or periderm. Here we use microarrays to identify genes that are expressed in the zebrafish periderm and whose expression is inhibited by a dominant-negative variant of Irf6 (dnIrf6). These methods identify Grhl3, an ancient regulator of the epidermal permeability barrier, as acting downstream of Irf6. In human keratinocytes, IRF6 binds conserved elements near the GHRL3 promoter. We show that one of these elements has enhancer activity in human keratinocytes and zebrafish periderm, suggesting that Irf6 directly stimulates Grhl3 expression in these tissues. Simultaneous inhibition of grhl1 and grhl3 disrupts periderm differentiation in zebrafish, and, intriguingly, forced grhl3 expression restores periderm markers in both zebrafish injected with dnIrf6 and frog embryos depleted of Irf6. Finally, in Irf6 deficient mouse embryos, Grhl3 expression in the periderm and oral epithelium is virtually absent. These results indicate that Grhl3 is a key effector of Irf6 in periderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de la Garza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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221
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Freitas JADS, das Neves LT, de Almeida ALPF, Garib DG, Trindade-Suedam IK, Yaedú RYF, Lauris RDCMC, Soares S, Oliveira TM, Pinto JHN. Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP)--Part 1: overall aspects. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:9-15. [PMID: 22437671 PMCID: PMC3928765 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate is the most common among craniofacial malformations and causes
several esthetic and functional implications that require rehabilitation. This paper
aims to generally describe the several aspects related to this complex pathology and
the treatment protocol used by the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial
Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP) along 40 years of experience in the
treatment of individuals with cleft lip and palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto de Souza Freitas
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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222
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Yuan Q, Chiquet BT, Devault L, Warman ML, Nakamura Y, Swindell EC, Hecht JT. Craniofacial abnormalities result from knock down of nonsyndromic clefting gene, crispld2, in zebrafish. Genesis 2012; 50:871-81. [PMID: 22887593 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP), a common birth defect, affects 4,000 newborns in the US each year. Previously, we described an association between CRISPLD2 and NSCLP and showed Crispld2 expression in the murine palate. These results suggested that a perturbation in CRISPLD2 activity affects craniofacial development. Here, we describe crispld2 expression and the phenotypic consequence of its loss of function in zebrafish. crispld2 was expressed at all stages of zebrafish morphogenesis examined and localized to the rostral end by 1-day postfertilization. Morpholino knockdown of crispld2 resulted in significant jaw and palatal abnormalities in a dose-dependent manner. Loss of crispld2 caused aberrant patterning of neural crest cells (NCC) suggesting that crispld2 is necessary for normal NCC formation. Altogether, we show that crispld2 plays a significant role in the development of the zebrafish craniofacies and alteration of normal protein levels disturbs palate and jaw formation. These data provide support for a role of CRISPLD2 in NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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223
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IRF6 is a risk factor for nonsyndromic cleft lip in the Brazilian population. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2170-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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224
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Mostowska A, Hozyasz KK, Wójcicki P, Lasota A, Dunin-Wilczyńska I, Jagodziński PP. Association of DVL2 and AXIN2 gene polymorphisms with cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Polish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:943-50. [PMID: 22887353 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies, with a complex and still not fully understood etiology. Given the important role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during craniofacial development, we decided to test the hypothesis that common polymorphic variants of the genes encoding crucial components of this signaling pathway might contribute to the risk of NSCL/P in the Polish population. METHODS A set of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APC, AXIN1, AXIN2, CTNNB1, DVL2, and GSK-3β genes were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism and high-resolution melting curve methods in a group of 280 patients with NSCL/P and a properly matched control group (n = 330). RESULTS Both single-marker and haplotype analyses showed an association between SNPs in the DVL2 gene and the risk for NSCL/P. The strongest association was found under an overdominant model for the rs35594616 variant located in the exonic sequence of DVL2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.62; p < 0.0001). Moreover, the gene-gene interaction analysis revealed a significant epistatic interaction between DVL2 gene SNPs in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. Borderline association with a decreased risk of NSCL/P was also observed for the AXIN2 rs3923087 variant (dominant model OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study suggests that polymorphic variants of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes have a role in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. The DVL2 and AXIN2 genes might be candidate genes for this craniofacial anomaly in the Polish population. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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225
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Cheng HQ, Huang EM, Xu MY, Shu SY, Tang SJ. PVRL1 as a candidate gene for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: no evidence for the involvement of common or rare variants in southern Han Chinese patients. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1321-7. [PMID: 22455396 PMCID: PMC3391494 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The poliovirus receptor related-1 (PVRL1) gene encodes nectin-1, a cell-cell adhesion molecule (OMIM #600644), and is mutated in the cleft lip with or without cleft palate/ectodermal dysplasia-1 syndrome (CLPED1, OMIM #225000). In addition, PVRL1 mutations have been associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (NSCL/P) in studies of multiethnic samples. To investigate the possible involvement of this gene in southern Han Chinese NSCL/P patients, we performed (i) a case-control association study, and (ii) a resequencing study. A set of 470 patients with NSCL/P and 693 controls were recruited, and a total of 45 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In the resequencing study, the coding regions of the PVRL1 α isoform were direct sequenced in 45 trios from multiply affected families. One (rs7128327) of the 45 tested SNPs showed a trend toward statistical significance in the genotypic-level chi-square test (p = 0.009567). However, this result did not withstand correction for multiple testing. Likewise, sliding window haplotype analyses consisting of two, three, or four SNPs failed to detect any positive association. Resequencing analysis also failed to identify any novel rare sequence variants. In conclusion, the present study provided no support for the hypothesis that common or rare variants in PVRL1 play a significant role in NSCL/P development in the southern Han Chinese population. This is the first study that has used tagging SNPs covering all the coding and noncoding regions to search for common NSCL/P-associated mutations of PVRL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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226
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GWAS reveals new recessive loci associated with non-syndromic facial clefting. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:510-4. [PMID: 22750566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have applied a GWAS to 40 consanguineous families segregating cases of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) (a total of 160 affected and unaffected individuals) in order to trace potential recessive loci that confer susceptibility to this common facial malformation. Pedigree-based association test (PBAT) analyses reported nominal evidence of association and linkage over SNP markers located at 11q25 (rs4937877, P = 2.7 × 10(-6)), 19p12 (rs4324267, P = 1.6 × 10(-5)), 5q14.1 (rs4588572, P-value = 3.36 × 10(-5)), and 15q21.1 (rs4774497, P = 1.08 × 10(-4)). Using the Versatile Gene-Based Association Study to complement the PBAT results, we found clusters of markers located at chromosomes 19p12, 11q25, and 8p23.2 overcome the threshold for GWAS significance (P < 1 × 10(-7)). From this study, new recessive loci implicated in NS CL/P include: B3GAT1, GLB1L2, ZNF431, ZNF714, and CSMD1, even though the functional association with the genesis of NS CL/P remains to be elucidated. These results emphasize the importance of using homogeneous populations, phenotypes, and family structures for GWAS combined with gene-based association analyses, and should encourage. other researchers to evaluate these genes on independent patient samples affected by NS CL/P.
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227
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Jugessur A, Skare Ø, Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Nguyen TT, Murray JC, Gjessing HK. X-linked genes and risk of orofacial clefts: evidence from two population-based studies in Scandinavia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39240. [PMID: 22723972 PMCID: PMC3378529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts are common birth defects of complex etiology, with an excess of males among babies with cleft lip and palate, and an excess of females among those with cleft palate only. Although genes on the X chromosome have been implicated in clefting, there has been no association analysis of X-linked markers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We added new functionalities in the HAPLIN statistical software to enable association analysis of X-linked markers and an exploration of various causal scenarios relevant to orofacial clefts. Genotypes for 48 SNPs in 18 candidate genes on the X chromosome were analyzed in two population-based samples from Scandinavia (562 Norwegian and 235 Danish case-parent triads). For haplotype analysis, we used a sliding-window approach and assessed isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (iCL/P) separately from isolated cleft palate only (iCPO). We tested three statistical models in HAPLIN, allowing for: i) the same relative risk in males and females, ii) sex-specific relative risks, and iii) X-inactivation in females. We found weak but consistent associations with the oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 (OFD1) gene (formerly known as CXORF5) in the Danish iCL/P samples across all models, but not in the Norwegian iCL/P samples. In sex-specific analyses, the association with OFD1 was in male cases only. No analyses showed associations with iCPO in either the Norwegian or the Danish sample. CONCLUSIONS The association of OFD1 with iCL/P is plausible given the biological relevance of this gene. However, the lack of replication in the Norwegian samples highlights the need to verify these preliminary findings in other large datasets. More generally, the novel analytic methods presented here are widely applicable to investigations of the role of X-linked genes in complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astanand Jugessur
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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228
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Amano K, Ishiguchi M, Aikawa T, Kimata M, Kishi N, Fujimaki T, Murakami A, Kogo M. Cleft Lip in Oculodentodigital Dysplasia Suggests Novel Roles for Connexin43. J Dent Res 2012; 91:38S-44S. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512447952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculodentodigital Dysplasia (ODDD) is a rare syndrome involving anomalies in eye, tooth, and digit formation, caused by mutations in CX43/ GJA1. In addition to classic dental features, ODDD includes oral and craniofacial accessory symptoms such as characteristic facial appearance and cleft palate. However, there have been no reports of ODDD accompanied by cleft lip. Herein we report, for the first time, a male, sporadic, Asian proband presenting bilateral cleft lip. By direct sequence analysis, our proband was diagnosed as having ODDD with a heterozygous mutation, codon 142 G>A in GJA1 and CX43E48K. We excluded the possibility of pathogenic mutations in B3GALTL, BMP4, TFAP2A, PVRL1, IRF6, and MSX1. To address how CX43/ GJA1 is related to cleft lip, we performed immunohistochemistry using mouse and human mid-facial tissue. CX43 expression was detected in the nasal compartment and nasal and maxillary processes at murine developmental stage E12.5. Furthermore, CX43 expression was found in the epithelial tissue inside the human subepithelial cleft lip that completes epithelial fusion. Therefore, we suggest that CX43/ GJA1 is involved in lip formation. Our case report of ODDD with a bilateral cleft lip suggests that CX43/ GJA1 might be a novel candidate gene for syndromic cleft lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Amano
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Ishiguchi
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Aikawa
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Kimata
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Kishi
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Fujimaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kogo
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Salahshourifar I, Wan Sulaiman WA, Halim AS, Zilfalil BA. Mutation screening of IRF6 among families with non-syndromic oral clefts and identification of two novel variants: Review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:389-93. [PMID: 22440537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang E, Cheng H, Xu M, Shu S, Tang S. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 1p22 and 20q12 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: new data in Han Chinese and meta-analysis. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2012; 94:469-76. [PMID: 22522387 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital malformation associated with genetic and environmental risk factors. A recent genome-wide association study identified two novel susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1p22 and 20q12; however, conflicting results, especially for 1p22, have been reported in Han Chinese population. The aims of this study were to replicate this association with risk of NSCL/P in the southern Han Chinese population and to discern the effect of these loci by a meta-analysis. METHODS To this end, 305 patients with NSCL/P, 356 phenotypically normal controls, and an additional 176 case-parent trios were recruited. Four of the previously associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, two published datasets were combined with the present results to determine the precise roles of the loci. RESULTS SNPs (rs6072081, rs13041247, and rs6102085) on 20q12 were found to be strongly associated with NSCL/P (Bonferroni-corrected and χ(2) test; p values < 0.05). Subsequent analysis of the case-parent trio provided similar results. However, neither the association study nor the trio analysis supported a causative role for SNP rs560426 on 1p22 in NSCL/P susceptibility. Stratified meta- analysis combining Chinese samples supported our findings. CONCLUSIONS This cross-validation study confirmed the previous findings that SNPs in 20q12 are associated with NSCL/P in Han Chinese population. We further conclude that rs560426 on 1p22 might not have a major influence on susceptibility to NSCL/P in southern Han Chinese, but future studies with other Han Chinese populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmin Huang
- Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Xu MY, Deng XL, Tata LJ, Han H, Chen XH, Liu TY, Chen QS, Yao XW, Tang SJ. Case-control and family-based association studies of novel susceptibility locus 8q24 in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Southern Han Chinese population located in Guangdong Province. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:700-5. [PMID: 22044123 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common congenital malformations and a susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24 has been replicated as a genetic risk factor for NSCL/P in patients of European and Asian descent. However, given considerable variations in allele frequencies across geographical regions studied, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs987525 located at 8q24 with NSCL/P only among the southern Han Chinese population from Guangdong province. We recruited 216 NSCL/P cases, their parents, and 200 controls to conduct case-control analysis and family-based association studies. Genotyping of rs987525 was carried out by the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry method. Case-control analysis showed allele and genotype distributions for rs987525 were not significantly associated with the risk of NSCL/P in our study population. Similar results were found when all cases were stratified into cleft lip only and cleft lip with cleft palate. A transmission disequilibrium test showed no statistically significant transmission of A nor C alleles and family-based association test (FBAT) analysis provided no evidence of NSCL/P risk with single markers. These results do not provide evidence for an association between rs987525 at 8q24 and the risk of NSCL/P in the southern Han Chinese population from Guangdong province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan Xu
- Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
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Brito LA, Paranaiba LMR, Bassi CFS, Masotti C, Malcher C, Schlesinger D, Rocha KM, Cruz LA, Bárbara LK, Alonso N, Franco D, Bagordakis E, Martelli H, Meyer D, Coletta RD, Passos-Bueno MR. Region 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for nonsyndromic oral clefting in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:464-8. [PMID: 22511506 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a relatively common craniofacial defect with multifactorial inheritance. The association of the rs987525 single nucleotide variant, located in a gene desert at 8q24.21 region, has been consistently replicated in European populations. We performed a structured association approach combined with transcriptional analysis of the MYC gene to dissect the role of rs987525 in oral clefting susceptibility in the ethnically admixed Brazilian population. METHODS We performed the association study conditioned on the individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 563 patients and 336 controls, and in an independent sample of 221 patients and 261 controls. The correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels in orbicularis oris muscle mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated in 42 patients and 4 controls. RESULTS We found a significant association in the larger sample (p = 0.0016; OR = 1.80 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21-2.69], for heterozygous genotype, and 2.71 [95% CI, 1.47-4.96] for homozygous genotype). We did not find a significant correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels (p = 0.14; r = -0.22, Spearman Correlation). CONCLUSIONS We present a positive association of rs987525 in the Brazilian population for the first time, and it is likely that the European contribution to our population is driving this association. We also cannot discard a role of rs987515 in MYC regulation, because this locus behaves as an expression quantitative locus of MYC in another tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Abreu Brito
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Yildirim M, Seymen F, Deeley K, Cooper M, Vieira A. Defining Predictors of Cleft Lip and Palate Risk. J Dent Res 2012; 91:556-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512444928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than individuals without clefts. We also have shown that these individuals report cancer in their families more often than do unaffected individuals. We investigated how these conditions correlated with genetic variants associated with clefts to ascertain if specific molecular signatures exist that could help identify individuals at risk for having offspring with these defects. We examined 573 individuals, 158 with clefts, 254 unaffected family members, and 161 non-related controls. Several clinical features, such as laterality, the presence of dental anomalies, medical history, and pregnancy history, were used to assess each individual’s cleft status. Then, we performed molecular studies with genes that have been independently associated with oral clefts. We analyzed two datasets: nuclear families and case-control individuals where the case was the child from the family and controls were unrelated non-clefted individuals. In the family data, we confirmed association between clefts and rs987525 on chromosome 8 (p = 0.007) and found an association with rs987525 and tooth agenesis (p = 0.0003). In the case-control data, clefts, supernumerary teeth and familial cancer history were associated with ABCA4-rs481931 on chromosome 1 (p = 2E-19, 0.0007, 2E-06, respectively), and clefts and microdontia were associated with rs1325474 on chromosome 6 (p = 1E-06, 0.0002, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Yildirim
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K. Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 614 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - M.E. Cooper
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 614 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - A.R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 614 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Shi M, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Munger RG, Ruczinski I, Hetmanski JB, Wu T, Murray T, Redett RJ, Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Jabs EW, Wu-Chou YH, Chen PK, Wang H, Ye X, Yeow V, Chong SS, Shi B, Christensen K, Scott AF, Patel P, Cheah F, Beaty TH. Genome wide study of maternal and parent-of-origin effects on the etiology of orofacial clefts. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:784-94. [PMID: 22419666 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome wide association analysis of maternally-mediated genetic effects and parent-of-origin (POO) effects on risk of orofacial clefting (OC) using over 2,000 case-parent triads collected through an international cleft consortium. We used log-linear regression models to test individual SNPs. For SNPs with a P-value <10(-5) for maternal genotypic effects, we also applied a haplotype-based method, TRIMM, to extract potential information from clusters of correlated SNPs. None of the SNPs were significant at the genome wide level. Our results suggest neither maternal genome nor POO effects play major roles in the etiology of OC in our sample. This finding is consistent with previous genetic studies and recent population-based cohort studies in Norway and Denmark, which showed no apparent difference between mother-to-offspring and father-to-offspring recurrence of clefting. We, however, cannot completely rule out maternal genome or POO effects as risk factors because very small effects might not be detectable with our sample size, they may influence risk through interactions with environmental exposures or may act through a more complex network of interacting genes. Thus, the most promising SNPs identified by this study may still be worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, NIEHS/NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Letra A, Bjork B, Cooper ME, Szabo-Rogers H, Deleyiannis FWB, Field LL, Czeizel AE, Ma L, Garlet GP, Poletta FA, Mereb JC, Lopez-Camelo JS, Castilla EE, Orioli IM, Wendell S, Blanton SH, Liu K, Hecht JT, Marazita ML, Vieira AR, Silva RM. Association of AXIN2 with non-syndromic oral clefts in multiple populations. J Dent Res 2012; 91:473-8. [PMID: 22370446 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512440578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown the association of AXIN2 with oral clefts in a US population. Here, we expanded our study to explore the association of 11 AXIN2 markers in 682 cleft families from multiple populations. Alleles for each AXIN2 marker were tested for transmission distortion with clefts by means of the Family-based Association Test. We observed an association with SNP rs7224837 and all clefts in the combined populations (p = 0.001), and with SNP rs3923086 and cleft lip and palate in Asian populations (p = 0.004). We confirmed our association findings in an additional 528 cleft families from the United States (p < 0.009). We tested for gene-gene interaction between AXIN2 and additional cleft susceptibility loci. We assessed and detected Axin2 mRNA and protein expression during murine palatogenesis. In addition, we also observed co-localization of Axin2 with Irf6 proteins, particularly in the epithelium. Our results continue to support a role for AXIN2 in the etiology of human clefting. Additional studies should be performed to improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms linking AXIN2 to oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Letra
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, DBB-202, 6516 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-3402, USA
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Khorshidi A, Russell L, Bamforth S, Drummond G, Johnson R, Lehmann OJ. Homozygosity mapping in an anophthalmic pedigree provides evidence of additional genetic heterogeneity. Ophthalmic Genet 2012; 33:208-20. [DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2011.648364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cartsos VM, Palaska PK, Zavras AI. Antiretroviral Prophylaxis and the Risk of Cleft Lip and Palate: Preliminary Signal Detection in the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System Database. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2012; 49:118-21. [DOI: 10.1597/10-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Antiretroviral prophylaxis has been found to be effective in preventing vertical HIV transmission to the offspring of infected mothers. Because medicine and the art of public health require benefits to outweigh any plausible risks, our study aimed to explore and quantify preliminary associations between antiretroviral medications and clefting. Methods We analyzed 5 years of available data from the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System (Medwatch program) and calculated reporting odds ratios (RORs) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The medications with the highest effects were efavirenz with an ROR of 196 (95% CI, 86 to 447), lamivudine with an ROR of 60.2 (95% CI, 14.25 to 148), the combination abacavir sulfate/lamivudine/zidovudine with an ROR of 59.3, and nelfinavir with and ROR of 50.5, followed by nevirapine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and lamivudine/zidovudine. Conclusion Given the multifactorial etiology of cleft lip and palate, further studies are needed to assess the relative safety of antiretroviral prophylaxis and the specific conditions or potential synergies that might lead to the development of this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinelopi Kleio Palaska
- Combined Certificate/Masters Program, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Athanasios I. Zavras
- Division of Oral Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Columbia College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York
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Suazo J, Tapia JC, Santos JL, Castro VG, Colombo A, Blanco R. Risk variants in BMP4 promoters for nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate in a Chilean population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:163. [PMID: 22182590 PMCID: PMC3276445 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene (BMP4) plays a key role during maxillofacial development, since orofacial clefts are observed in animals when this gene is conditionally inactivated. We recently reported the existence of association between nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) and BMP4 polymorphisms by detecting transmission deviations for haplotypes that include a region containing a BMP4 promoter in case-parent trios. The aim of the present study was to search for possible causal mutations within BMP4 promoters (BMP4.1 and BMP4.2). Methods We analyzed the sequence of BMP4.1 and BMP4.2 in 167 Chilean NSCLP cases and 336 controls. Results We detected three novel variants in BMP4.1 (c.-5514G > A, c.-5365C > T and c.-5049C > T) which could be considered as cleft risk factors due to their absence in controls. Additionally, rs2855530 G allele (BMP4.2) carriers showed an increased risk for NSCLP restricted to males (OR = 1.52; 95% C.I. = 1.07-2.15; p = 0.019). For this same SNP the dominant genotype model showed a higher frequency of G/G+G/C and a lower frequency of C/C in cases than controls in the total sample (p = 0.03) and in the male sample (p = 0.003). Bioinformatic prediction analysis showed that all the risk variants detected in this study could create new transcription factor binding motifs. Conclusions The sex-dependent association between rs2855530 and NSCLP could indirectly be related to the differential gene expression observed between sexes in animal models. We concluded that risk variants detected herein could potentially alter BMP4 promoter activity in NSCLP. Further functional and developmental studies are necessary to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Suazo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
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Mangold E, Ludwig KU, Nöthen MM. Breakthroughs in the genetics of orofacial clefting. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:725-33. [PMID: 21885341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Marini NJ, Hoffmann TJ, Lammer EJ, Hardin J, Lazaruk K, Stein JB, Gilbert DA, Wright C, Lipzen A, Pennacchio LA, Carmichael SL, Witte JS, Shaw GM, Rine J. A genetic signature of spina bifida risk from pathway-informed comprehensive gene-variant analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28408. [PMID: 22140583 PMCID: PMC3227667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite compelling epidemiological evidence that folic acid supplements reduce the frequency of neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns, common variant association studies with folate metabolism genes have failed to explain the majority of NTD risk. The contribution of rare alleles as well as genetic interactions within the folate pathway have not been extensively studied in the context of NTDs. Thus, we sequenced the exons in 31 folate-related genes in a 480-member NTD case-control population to identify the full spectrum of allelic variation and determine whether rare alleles or obvious genetic interactions within this pathway affect NTD risk. We constructed a pathway model, predetermined independent of the data, which grouped genes into coherent sets reflecting the distinct metabolic compartments in the folate/one-carbon pathway (purine synthesis, pyrimidine synthesis, and homocysteine recycling to methionine). By integrating multiple variants based on these groupings, we uncovered two provocative, complex genetic risk signatures. Interestingly, these signatures differed by race/ethnicity: a Hispanic risk profile pointed to alterations in purine biosynthesis, whereas that in non-Hispanic whites implicated homocysteine metabolism. In contrast, parallel analyses that focused on individual alleles, or individual genes, as the units by which to assign risk revealed no compelling associations. These results suggest that the ability to layer pathway relationships onto clinical variant data can be uniquely informative for identifying genetic risk as well as for generating mechanistic hypotheses. Furthermore, the identification of ethnic-specific risk signatures for spina bifida resonated with epidemiological data suggesting that the underlying pathogenesis may differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Marini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJM); (JR)
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Lammer
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jill Hardin
- VitaPath Genetics, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Lazaruk
- VitaPath Genetics, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Jason B. Stein
- VitaPath Genetics, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Gilbert
- VitaPath Genetics, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Crystal Wright
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Suzan L. Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jasper Rine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJM); (JR)
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Wang H, Zhang T, Wu T, Hetmanski JB, Ruczinski I, Schwender H, Liang KY, Murray T, Fallin MD, Redett RJ, Raymond GV, Jin SC, Chou YHW, Chen PKT, Yeow V, Chong SS, Cheah FSH, Jee SH, Jabs EW, Scott AF, Beaty TH. The FGF and FGFR Gene Family and Risk of Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2011; 50:96-103. [PMID: 22074045 DOI: 10.1597/11-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background : Isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common human congenital malformation with a complex and heterogeneous etiology. Genes coding for fibroblast growth factors and their receptors (FGF/FGFR genes) are excellent candidate genes. Methods : We tested single-nucleotide polymorphic markers in 10 FGF/FGFR genes (including FGFBP1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF18, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF19, FGF4, FGF3, and FGF9) for genotypic effects, interactions with one another, and with common maternal environmental exposures in 221 Asian and 76 Maryland case-parent trios ascertained through a child with isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Results : Both FGFR1 and FGF19 yielded evidence of linkage and association in the transmission disequilibrium test, confirming previous evidence. Haplotypes of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGFR1 were nominally significant among Asian trios. Estimated odds ratios for individual single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and haplotypes of multiple markers in FGF19 ranged from 1.31 to 1.87. We also found suggestive evidence of maternal genotypic effects for markers in FGF2 and FGF10 among Asian trios. Tests for gene-environment (G × E) interaction between markers in FGFR2 and maternal smoking or multivitamin supplementation yielded significant evidence of G × E interaction separately. Tests of gene-gene (G × G) interaction using Cordell's method yielded significant evidence between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGF9 and FGF18, which was confirmed in an independent sample of trios from an international consortium. Conclusion : Our results suggest several genes in the FGF/FGFR family may influence risk for isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate through distinct biological mechanisms.
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Munsie JW, Lin S, Browne ML, Campbell KA, Caton AR, Bell EM, Rasmussen SA, Romitti PA, Druschel CM. Maternal bronchodilator use and the risk of orofacial clefts. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:3147-54. [PMID: 21926056 PMCID: PMC6034617 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between orofacial clefts and bronchodilators. We assessed whether mothers who used bronchodilators during early pregnancy were at an increased risk of delivering infants with orofacial clefts. METHODS We used National Birth Defects Prevention Study case-control data from mothers of 2711 infants with orofacial clefts and 6482 mothers of live born infants without birth defects, delivered during 1997 through 2005. Information on medication use from 3 months before pregnancy through delivery was collected using a standardized interview. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for maternal bronchodilator use during the periconceptional period (1 month before pregnancy through the third month of pregnancy) while controlling for other covariates. RESULTS We observed an association between maternal bronchodilator use during the periconceptional period and cleft lip only (CLO) (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.88). The risk of cleft palate only (CPO) (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.99-2.37) was elevated but was not statistically significant. No association was observed for maternal bronchodilator use and the risk of cleft lip with cleft palate (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.46-1.31). The most commonly used bronchodilator was albuterol (88.7%). Maternal albuterol use was associated with CLO (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07-2.99) and CPO (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.06-2.58). CONCLUSIONS We observed a statistically significant association between maternal bronchodilator use during the periconceptional period and the risk of CLO after controlling for other risk factors. It is unclear whether the increased odds ratios observed in this study are due to the bronchodilators, the severity of asthma, or both, or to chance alone. Further studies to disentangle the role of asthma or asthma medications would help clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeanPierre W Munsie
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, 547 River Street, Room 200, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Ferretti E, Li B, Zewdu R, Wells V, Hebert JM, Karner C, Anderson MJ, Williams T, Dixon J, Dixon MJ, Depew MJ, Selleri L. A conserved Pbx-Wnt-p63-Irf6 regulatory module controls face morphogenesis by promoting epithelial apoptosis. Dev Cell 2011; 21:627-41. [PMID: 21982646 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of mammalian facial processes requires coordination of cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis to develop intricate features. Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), the most frequent human craniofacial birth defect, can be caused by perturbation of any of these programs. Mutations of WNT, P63, and IRF6 yield CL/P in humans and mice; however, how these genes are regulated remains elusive. We generated mouse lines lacking Pbx genes in cephalic ectoderm and demonstrated that they exhibit fully penetrant CL/P and perturbed Wnt signaling. We also characterized a midfacial regulatory element that Pbx proteins bind to control the expression of Wnt9b-Wnt3, which in turn regulates p63. Altogether, we establish a Pbx-dependent Wnt-p63-Irf6 regulatory module in midfacial ectoderm that is conserved within mammals. Dysregulation of this network leads to localized suppression of midfacial apoptosis and CL/P. Ectopic Wnt ectodermal expression in Pbx mutants rescues the clefting, opening avenues for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Pavri S, Forrest CR. Demographics of orofacial clefts in Canada from 2002 to 2008. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2011; 50:224-30. [PMID: 21905911 DOI: 10.1597/10-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective : Orofacial clefts such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate are the most frequent congenital anomalies of the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to determine the current demographics for orofacial clefts in Canada. Methods : A request for data from all Canadian provinces (excluding Quebec due to incompatibilities with provincial coding systems) for the fiscal years 2002-2003 to 2007-2008 was submitted to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Variables evaluated included gender, cleft type, gestational age, birth weight, income quintile, and institution health region. Results : Over the period studied, the prevalence of orofacial clefts ranged from 11.0 to 15.3 per 10,000 live births (1 in 654 to 1 in 909 live births). The distribution of cleft types for live births with orofacial clefts was 17% for cleft lip, 41% for cleft palate, and 42% for cleft lip and palate, of which cleft lip and cleft lip and palate were male dominant (62% and 66% male, respectively) and cleft palate was female dominant (56% female). Saskatchewan and Manitoba had significantly higher cleft birthrates (P < .05) compared with the other provinces. Birth weight and gestational age (but not income quintile) were significantly (P < .0001) lower for newborns with orofacial clefting compared with those with no cleft. Conclusions : Canada has one of the highest orofacial cleft birthrates in the world (prevalence of 12.7 per 10,000 live births, approximately 1 in 790 live births). This study presents an updated demographic of orofacial clefts in Canadian newborns and may be useful in predicting the burden of anticipated health care.
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Weatherley-White RC, Ben S, Jin Y, Riccardi S, Arnold TD, Spritz RA. Analysis of genomewide association signals for nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate in a Kenya African cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2422-25. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Weymouth KS, Blanton SH, Bamshad MJ, Beck AE, Alvarez C, Richards S, Gurnett CA, Dobbs MB, Barnes D, Mitchell LE, Hecht JT. Variants in genes that encode muscle contractile proteins influence risk for isolated clubfoot. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2170-9. [PMID: 21834041 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Isolated clubfoot is a relatively common birth defect that affects approximately 4,000 newborns in the US each year. Calf muscles in the affected leg(s) are underdeveloped and remain small even after corrective treatment. This observation suggests that variants in genes that influence muscle development are priority candidate risk factors for clubfoot. This contention is further supported by the discovery that mutations in genes that encode components of the muscle contractile complex (MYH3, TPM2, TNNT3, TNNI2, and MYH8) cause congenital contractures, including clubfoot, in distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes. Interrogation of 15 genes encoding proteins that control myofiber contractility in a cohort of both non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic families, identified positive associations (P < 0.05) with SNPs in 12 genes; only 1 was identified in a family-based validation dataset. Six SNPs in TNNC2 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in mothers in our NHW discovery dataset. Relative risk and likelihood ratio tests showed evidence for a maternal genotypic effect with TNNC2/rs383112 and an inherited/child genotypic effect with two SNPs, TNNC2/rs4629 and rs383112. Associations with multiple SNPs in TPM1 were identified in the NHW discovery (rs4075583, P = 0.01), family-based validation (rs1972041, P = 0.000074), and case-control validation (rs12148828, P = 0.04) datasets. Gene interactions were identified between multiple muscle contraction genes with many of the interactions involving at least one potential regulatory SNP. Collectively, our results suggest that variation in genes that encode contractile proteins of skeletal myofibers may play a role in the etiology of clubfoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn S Weymouth
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Salahshourifar I, Sulaiman WAW, Zilfalil BA, Halim AS. Contribution of variants in and near the IRF6 gene to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Malay population. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2302-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pan Y, Zhang W, Du Y, Tong N, Han Y, Zhang H, Wang M, Ma J, Wan L, Wang L. Different roles of two novel susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in a Chinese Han population. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2180-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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