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Ingram K, Samson SC, Zewdu R, Zitnay RG, Snyder EL, Mendoza MC. NKX2-1 controls lung cancer progression by inducing DUSP6 to dampen ERK activity. Oncogene 2021; 41:293-300. [PMID: 34689179 PMCID: PMC8738158 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The RAS→RAF→MEK→ERK pathway is hyperactivated in the majority of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the initial activating mutations induce homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit ERK activity. How ERK activation reaches the tumor-promoting levels that overcome the feedback and drive malignant progression is unclear. We show here that the lung lineage transcription factor NKX2-1 suppresses ERK activity. In human tissue samples and cell lines, xenografts, and genetic mouse models, NKX2-1 induces the ERK phosphatase DUSP6, which inactivates ERK. In tumor cells from late-stage LUAD with silenced NKX2-1, re-introduction of NKX2-1 induces DUSP6 and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. We show that DUSP6 is necessary for NKX2-1-mediated inhibition of tumor progression in vivo and that DUSP6 expression is sufficient to inhibit RAS-driven LUAD. Our results indicate that NKX2-1 silencing, and thereby DUSP6 downregulation, is a mechanism by which early LUAD can unleash ERK hyperactivation for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Ingram
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Shiela C Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rebecca G Zitnay
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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2
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Zewdu R, Mehrabad EM, Ingram K, Fang P, Gillis KL, Camolotto SA, Orstad G, Jones A, Mendoza MC, Spike BT, Snyder EL. An NKX2-1/ERK/WNT feedback loop modulates gastric identity and response to targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. eLife 2021; 10:e66788. [PMID: 33821796 PMCID: PMC8102067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo lineage switching during natural progression and in response to therapy. NKX2-1 loss in human and murine lung adenocarcinoma leads to invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), a lung cancer subtype that exhibits gastric differentiation and harbors a distinct spectrum of driver oncogenes. In murine BRAFV600E-driven lung adenocarcinoma, NKX2-1 is required for early tumorigenesis, but dispensable for established tumor growth. NKX2-1-deficient, BRAFV600E-driven tumors resemble human IMA and exhibit a distinct response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Whereas BRAF/MEK inhibitors drive NKX2-1-positive tumor cells into quiescence, NKX2-1-negative cells fail to exit the cell cycle after the same therapy. BRAF/MEK inhibitors induce cell identity switching in NKX2-1-negative lung tumors within the gastric lineage, which is driven in part by WNT signaling and FoxA1/2. These data elucidate a complex, reciprocal relationship between lineage specifiers and oncogenic signaling pathways in the regulation of lung adenocarcinoma identity that is likely to impact lineage-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediet Zewdu
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elnaz Mirzaei Mehrabad
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- School of Computing, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kelley Ingram
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Pengshu Fang
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katherine L Gillis
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Soledad A Camolotto
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Grace Orstad
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Alex Jones
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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3
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McCulley DJ, Wienhold MD, Hines EA, Hacker TA, Rogers A, Pewowaruk RJ, Zewdu R, Chesler NC, Selleri L, Sun X. PBX transcription factors drive pulmonary vascular adaptation to birth. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:655-667. [PMID: 29251627 DOI: 10.1172/jci93395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical event in the adaptation to extrauterine life is relaxation of the pulmonary vasculature at birth, allowing for a rapid increase in pulmonary blood flow that is essential for efficient gas exchange. Failure of this transition leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH), a major cause of newborn mortality associated with preterm birth, infection, hypoxia, and malformations including congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). While individual vasoconstrictor and dilator genes have been identified, the coordination of their expression is not well understood. Here, we found that lung mesenchyme-specific deletion of CDH-implicated genes encoding pre-B cell leukemia transcription factors (Pbx) led to lethal PH in mice shortly after birth. Loss of Pbx genes resulted in the misexpression of both vasoconstrictors and vasodilators in multiple pathways that converge to increase phosphorylation of myosin in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, causing persistent constriction. While targeting endothelin and angiotensin, which are upstream regulators that promote VSM contraction, was not effective, treatment with the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 reduced vessel constriction and PH in Pbx-mutant mice. These results demonstrate a lung-intrinsic, herniation-independent cause of PH in CDH. More broadly, our findings indicate that neonatal PH can result from perturbation of multiple pathways and suggest that targeting the downstream common effectors may be a more effective treatment for neonatal PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan J Pewowaruk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
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4
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Hanley O, Zewdu R, Cohen LJ, Jung H, Lacombe J, Philippidou P, Lee DH, Selleri L, Dasen JS. Parallel Pbx-Dependent Pathways Govern the Coalescence and Fate of Motor Columns. Neuron 2016; 91:1005-1020. [PMID: 27568519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The clustering of neurons sharing similar functional properties and connectivity is a common organizational feature of vertebrate nervous systems. Within motor networks, spinal motor neurons (MNs) segregate into longitudinally arrayed subtypes, establishing a central somatotopic map of peripheral target innervation. MN organization and connectivity relies on Hox transcription factors expressed along the rostrocaudal axis; however, the developmental mechanisms governing the orderly arrangement of MNs are largely unknown. We show that Pbx genes, which encode Hox cofactors, are essential for the segregation and clustering of neurons within motor columns. In the absence of Pbx1 and Pbx3 function, Hox-dependent programs are lost and the remaining MN subtypes are unclustered and disordered. Identification of Pbx gene targets revealed an unexpected and apparently Hox-independent role in defining molecular features of dorsally projecting medial motor column (MMC) neurons. These results indicate Pbx genes act in parallel genetic pathways to orchestrate neuronal subtype differentiation, connectivity, and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hanley
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lisa J Cohen
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Heekyung Jung
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David H Lee
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeremy S Dasen
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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5
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Zewdu R, Risolino M, Barbulescu A, Ramalingam P, Butler JM, Selleri L. Spleen hypoplasia leads to abnormal stress hematopoiesis in mice with loss of Pbx homeoproteins in splenic mesenchyme. J Anat 2016; 229:153-69. [PMID: 27075259 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen plays critical roles in immunity and also provides a permissive microenvironment for hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported that the TALE-class homeodomain transcription factor Pbx1 is essential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell maintenance and progenitor expansion. However, the role of Pbx1 in the hematopoietic niche has not been investigated. Here we explored the effects that genetic perturbation of the splenic mesenchymal niche has on hematopoiesis upon loss of members of the Pbx family of homeoproteins. Splenic mesenchyme-specific inactivation of Pbx1 (SKO) on a Pbx2- or Pbx3-deficient genetic background (DKO) resulted in abnormal development of the spleen, which is dysmorphic and severely hypoplastic. This phenotype, in turn, affected the number of HSPCs in the fetal and adult spleen at steady state, as well as markedly impairing the kinetics of hematopoietic regeneration in adult mice after sub-lethal and lethal myelosuppressive irradiation. Spleens of mice with compound Pyx deficiency 8 days following sublethal irradiation displayed significant downregulation of multiple cytokine-encoding genes, including KitL/SCF, Cxcl12/SDF-1, IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF/Csf2 IL-10, and Igf-1, compared with controls. KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF-1 were recently shown to play key roles in the splenic niche in response to various haematopoietic stresses such as myeloablation, blood loss, or pregnancy. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to their intrinsic roles in HSPCs, non-cell autonomous functions of Pbx factors within the splenic niche contribute to the regulation of hematopoiesis, at least in part via the control of KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF-1. Furthermore, our study establishes that abnormal spleen development and hypoplasia have deleterious effects on the efficiency of hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandru Barbulescu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Butler
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Hurtado R, Zewdu R, Mtui J, Liang C, Aho R, Kurylo C, Selleri L, Herzlinger D. Pbx1-dependent control of VMC differentiation kinetics underlies gross renal vascular patterning. Development 2015; 142:2653-64. [PMID: 26138478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of an organ's vascular bed subserves its physiological function and metabolic demands. However, the mechanisms underlying gross vascular patterning remain elusive. Using intravital dye labeling and 3D imaging, we discovered that systems-level vascular patterning in the kidney is dependent on the kinetics of vascular mural cell (VMC) differentiation. Conditional ablation of the TALE transcription factor Pbx1 in renal VMC progenitors in the mouse led to the premature upregulation of PDGFRβ, a master initiator of VMC-blood vessel association. This precocious VMC differentiation resulted in nonproductive angiogenesis, abnormal renal arterial tree patterning and neonatal death consistent with kidney dysfunction. Notably, we establish that Pbx1 directly represses Pdgfrb, and demonstrate that decreased Pdgfrb dosage in conditional Pbx1 mutants substantially rescues vascular patterning defects and neonatal survival. These findings identify, for the first time, an in vivo transcriptional regulator of PDGFRβ, and reveal a previously unappreciated role for VMCs in systems-level vascular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Hurtado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James Mtui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chad Kurylo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doris Herzlinger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Handschuh K, Feenstra J, Koss M, Ferretti E, Risolino M, Zewdu R, Sahai MA, Bénazet JD, Peng XP, Depew MJ, Quintana L, Sharpe J, Wang B, Alcorn H, Rivi R, Butcher S, Manak JR, Vaccari T, Weinstein H, Anderson KV, Lacy E, Selleri L. ESCRT-II/Vps25 constrains digit number by endosome-mediated selective modulation of FGF-SHH signaling. Cell Rep 2014; 9:674-87. [PMID: 25373905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting and degradation of receptors and associated signaling molecules maintain homeostasis of conserved signaling pathways during cell specification and tissue development. Yet, whether machineries that sort signaling proteins act preferentially on different receptors and ligands in different contexts remains mysterious. Here, we show that Vacuolar protein sorting 25, Vps25, a component of ESCRT-II (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport II), directs preferential endosome-mediated modulation of FGF signaling in limbs. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a polydactylous mouse line carrying a hypomorphic mutation of Vps25 (Vps25(ENU)). Unlike Vps25-null embryos we generated, Vps25(ENU/ENU) mutants survive until late gestation. Their limbs display FGF signaling enhancement and consequent hyperactivation of the FGF-SHH feedback loop causing polydactyly, whereas WNT and BMP signaling remain unperturbed. Notably, Vps25(ENU/ENU) Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts exhibit aberrant FGFR trafficking and degradation; however, SHH signaling is unperturbed. These studies establish that the ESCRT-II machinery selectively limits FGF signaling in vertebrate skeletal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Handschuh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jennifer Feenstra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Koss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle A Sahai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Denis Bénazet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiao P Peng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Othopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Laura Quintana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heather Alcorn
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roberta Rivi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen Butcher
- Departments of Biology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - J Robert Manak
- Departments of Biology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Harel Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lacy
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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8
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Ferretti E, Li B, Zewdu R, Wells V, Hebert JM, Karner C, Anderson MJ, Williams T, Dixon J, Dixon MJ, Depew MJ, Selleri L. A conserved Pbx-Wnt-p63-Irf6 regulatory module controls face morphogenesis by promoting epithelial apoptosis. Dev Cell 2011; 21:627-41. [PMID: 21982646 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of mammalian facial processes requires coordination of cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis to develop intricate features. Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), the most frequent human craniofacial birth defect, can be caused by perturbation of any of these programs. Mutations of WNT, P63, and IRF6 yield CL/P in humans and mice; however, how these genes are regulated remains elusive. We generated mouse lines lacking Pbx genes in cephalic ectoderm and demonstrated that they exhibit fully penetrant CL/P and perturbed Wnt signaling. We also characterized a midfacial regulatory element that Pbx proteins bind to control the expression of Wnt9b-Wnt3, which in turn regulates p63. Altogether, we establish a Pbx-dependent Wnt-p63-Irf6 regulatory module in midfacial ectoderm that is conserved within mammals. Dysregulation of this network leads to localized suppression of midfacial apoptosis and CL/P. Ectopic Wnt ectodermal expression in Pbx mutants rescues the clefting, opening avenues for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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9
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Capellini TD, Zewdu R, Di Giacomo G, Asciutti S, Kugler JE, Di Gregorio A, Selleri L. Pbx1/Pbx2 govern axial skeletal development by controlling Polycomb and Hox in mesoderm and Pax1/Pax9 in sclerotome. Dev Biol 2008; 321:500-14. [PMID: 18691704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The post-cranial axial skeleton consists of a metameric series of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, as well as adjoining ribs and sternum. Patterning of individual vertebrae and distinct regions of the vertebral column is accomplished by Polycomb and Hox proteins in the paraxial mesoderm, while their subsequent morphogenesis depends partially on Pax1/Pax9 in the sclerotome. In this study, we uncover that Pbx1/Pbx2 are co-expressed during successive stages of vertebral and rib development. Next, by exploiting a Pbx1/Pbx2 loss-of-function mouse, we show that decreasing Pbx2 dosage in the absence of Pbx1 affects axial development more severely than single loss of Pbx1. Pbx1/Pbx2 mutants exhibit a homogeneous vertebral column, with loss of vertebral identity, rudimentary ribs, and rostral hindlimb shifts. Of note, these axial defects do not arise from perturbed notochord function, as cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of regulators of notochord signaling are normal in Pbx1/Pbx2 mutants. While the observed defects are consistent with loss of Pbx activity as a Hox-cofactor in the mesoderm, we additionally establish that axial skeletal patterning and hindlimb positioning are governed by Pbx1/Pbx2 through their genetic control of Polycomb and Hox expression and spatial distribution in the mesoderm, as well as of Pax1/Pax9 in the sclerotome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence D Capellini
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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10
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Germain-Lee EL, Schwindinger W, Crane JL, Zewdu R, Zweifel LS, Wand G, Huso DL, Saji M, Ringel MD, Levine MA. A mouse model of albright hereditary osteodystrophy generated by targeted disruption of exon 1 of the Gnas gene. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4697-709. [PMID: 16099856 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GNAS, a gene that encodes not only the alpha-chain of Gs (Galphas), but also NESP55 and XLalphas through use of alternative first exons. Patients with GNAS mutations on maternally inherited alleles are resistant to multiple hormones such as PTH, TSH, LH/FSH, GHRH, and glucagon, whose receptors are coupled to Gs. This variant of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is termed pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and is due to presumed tissue-specific paternal imprinting of Galphas. Previous studies have shown that mice heterozygous for a targeted disruption of exon 2 of Gnas, the murine homolog of GNAS, showed unique phenotypes dependent on the parent of origin of the mutated allele. However, hormone resistance occurred only when the disrupted gene was maternally inherited. Because disruption of exon 2 is predicted to inactivate Galphas as well as NESP55 and XLalphas, we created transgenic mice with disruption of exon 1 to investigate the effects of isolated loss of Galphas. Heterozygous mice that inherited the disruption maternally (-m/+) exhibited PTH and TSH resistance, whereas those with paternal inheritance (+/-p) had normal hormone responsiveness. Heterozygous mice were shorter and, when the disrupted allele was inherited maternally, weighed more than wild-type littermates. Galphas protein and mRNA expression was consistent with paternal imprinting in the renal cortex and thyroid, but there was no imprinting in renal medulla, heart, or adipose. These findings confirm the tissue-specific paternal imprinting of GNAS and demonstrate that Galphas deficiency alone is sufficient to account for the hormone resistance of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Germain-Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Park Building, Suite 211, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2520, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Faeces samples collected from diarrhoeic dairy calves in the first 8 weeks of life were examined for the presence of 5 enteropathogens. The majority of the 108 diarrhoea cases occurred in the first 5 weeks of life and a commercial ELISA kit detected bovine enteric coronavirus (BEC) in 38.9%, serogroup A rotavirus (RV) in 16.7% and K99 (F5) fimbrial adhesin-positive Escherichia coli (K99 ETEC) in 11.1 per cent. Concurrent infections of these enteropathogens were detected in 14.8% of samples (30.8% of samples positive for these agents). No evidence of cryptosporidial infection was found using a differential staining method on faecal smears nor was salmonella excretion detected. On 2 of the 8 farms only BEC was present; the other 6 farms were positive for all 3 agents. It is concluded that BEC is the major infectious cause of neonatal calf diarrhoea in the Ethiopian dairy herds studied with RV and K99 ETEC also contributing to morbidity, either alone or as mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abraham
- Shola Disease Investigation Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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