201
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Viennois E, Pujada A, Zen J, Merlin D. Function, Regulation, and Pathophysiological Relevance of the POT Superfamily, Specifically PepT1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:731-760. [PMID: 29687900 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian members of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter family are integral membrane proteins that mediate the cellular uptake of di/tripeptides and peptide-like drugs and couple substrate translocation to the movement of H+ , with the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient providing the driving force. Peptide transporters are responsible for the (re)absorption of dietary and/or bacterial di- and tripeptides in the intestine and kidney and maintaining homeostasis of neuropeptides in the brain. These proteins additionally contribute to absorption of a number of pharmacologically important compounds. In this overview article, we have provided updated information on the structure, function, expression, localization, and activities of PepT1 (SLC15A1), PepT2 (SLC15A2), PhT1 (SLC15A4), and PhT2 (SLC15A3). Peptide transporters, in particular, PepT1 are discussed as drug-delivery systems in addition to their implications in health and disease. Particular emphasis has been placed on the involvement of PepT1 in the physiopathology of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically, its role in inflammatory bowel diseases. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:731-760, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Viennois
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adani Pujada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jane Zen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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202
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Al-Rekabi Z, Contera S. Multifrequency AFM reveals lipid membrane mechanical properties and the effect of cholesterol in modulating viscoelasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2658-2663. [PMID: 29483271 PMCID: PMC5856542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719065115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of lipid bilayers comprising the cell membrane occupy the current spotlight of membrane biology. Their traditional representation as a passive 2D fluid has gradually been abandoned in favor of a more complex picture: an anisotropic time-dependent viscoelastic biphasic material, capable of transmitting or attenuating mechanical forces that regulate biological processes. In establishing new models, quantitative experiments are necessary when attempting to develop suitable techniques for dynamic measurements. Here, we map both the elastic and viscous properties of the model system 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers using multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM), namely amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) AFM imaging in an aqueous environment. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of cholesterol (Chol) on the DPPC bilayer in concentrations from 0 to 60%. The AM-AFM quantitative maps demonstrate that at low Chol concentrations, the lipid bilayer displays a distinct phase separation and is elastic, whereas at higher Chol concentration, the bilayer appears homogenous and exhibits both elastic and viscous properties. At low-Chol contents, the Estorage modulus (elastic) dominates. As the Chol insertions increases, higher energy is dissipated; and although the bilayer stiffens (increase in Estorage), the viscous component dominates (Eloss). Our results provide evidence that the lipid bilayer exhibits both elastic and viscous properties that are modulated by the presence of Chol, which may affect the propagation (elastic) or attenuation (viscous) of mechanical signals across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Contera
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
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203
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Cholesterol ester hydrolase inhibitors reduce the production of synaptotoxic amyloid-β oligomers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:649-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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204
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Bhojoo U, Chen M, Zou S. Temperature induced lipid membrane restructuring and changes in nanomechanics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:700-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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205
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Kathuria R, Chattopadhyay K. Vibrio choleraecytolysin: Multiple facets of the membrane interaction mechanism of aβ-barrel pore-forming toxin. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:260-266. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reema Kathuria
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali; Manauli, Mohali Punjab India
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali; Manauli, Mohali Punjab India
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206
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Howie J, Wypijewski KJ, Plain F, Tulloch LB, Fraser NJ, Fuller W. Greasing the wheels or a spanner in the works? Regulation of the cardiac sodium pump by palmitoylation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:175-191. [PMID: 29424237 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1432560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous sodium/potassium ATPase (Na pump) is the most abundant primary active transporter at the cell surface of multiple cell types, including ventricular myocytes in the heart. The activity of the Na pump establishes transmembrane ion gradients that control numerous events at the cell surface, positioning it as a key regulator of the contractile and metabolic state of the myocardium. Defects in Na pump activity and regulation elevate intracellular Na in cardiac muscle, playing a causal role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias and heart failure. Palmitoylation is the reversible conjugation of the fatty acid palmitate to specific protein cysteine residues; all subunits of the cardiac Na pump are palmitoylated. Palmitoylation of the pump's accessory subunit phospholemman (PLM) by the cell surface palmitoyl acyl transferase DHHC5 leads to pump inhibition, possibly by altering the relationship between the pump catalytic α subunit and specifically bound membrane lipids. In this review, we discuss the functional impact of PLM palmitoylation on the cardiac Na pump and the molecular basis of recognition of PLM by its palmitoylating enzyme DHHC5, as well as effects of palmitoylation on Na pump cell surface abundance in the cardiac muscle. We also highlight the numerous unanswered questions regarding the cellular control of this fundamentally important regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Howie
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | | | - Fiona Plain
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Niall J Fraser
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - William Fuller
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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207
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Wang K, Yu C, Liu Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Chen Y. Enhanced Antiatherosclerotic Efficacy of Statin-Loaded Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein via Ganglioside GM1 Modification. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:952-962. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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208
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Chotiwan N, Andre BG, Sanchez-Vargas I, Islam MN, Grabowski JM, Hopf-Jannasch A, Gough E, Nakayasu E, Blair CD, Belisle JT, Hill CA, Kuhn RJ, Perera R. Dynamic remodeling of lipids coincides with dengue virus replication in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006853. [PMID: 29447265 PMCID: PMC5814098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the first comprehensive analysis of the midgut metabolome of Aedes aegypti, the primary mosquito vector for arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. Transmission of these viruses depends on their ability to infect, replicate and disseminate from several tissues in the mosquito vector. The metabolic environments within these tissues play crucial roles in these processes. Since these viruses are enveloped, viral replication, assembly and release occur on cellular membranes primed through the manipulation of host metabolism. Interference with this virus infection-induced metabolic environment is detrimental to viral replication in human and mosquito cell culture models. Here we present the first insight into the metabolic environment induced during arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the temporal metabolic perturbations that occur following dengue virus infection of the midgut tissue. This is the primary site of infection and replication, preceding systemic viral dissemination and transmission. We identified metabolites that exhibited a dynamic-profile across early-, mid- and late-infection time points. We observed a marked increase in the lipid content. An increase in glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acyls was coincident with the kinetics of viral replication. Elevation of glycerolipid levels suggested a diversion of resources during infection from energy storage to synthetic pathways. Elevated levels of acyl-carnitines were observed, signaling disruptions in mitochondrial function and possible diversion of energy production. A central hub in the sphingolipid pathway that influenced dihydroceramide to ceramide ratios was identified as critical for the virus life cycle. This study also resulted in the first reconstruction of the sphingolipid pathway in Aedes aegypti. Given conservation in the replication mechanisms of several flaviviruses transmitted by this vector, our results highlight biochemical choke points that could be targeted to disrupt transmission of multiple pathogens by these mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunya Chotiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barbara G. Andre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Irma Sanchez-Vargas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Grabowski
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Entomology Department Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Amber Hopf-Jannasch
- Metabolite Profiling Facility (MPF), Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Erik Gough
- Computational Life Sciences Core, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Nakayasu
- Metabolite Profiling Facility (MPF), Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John T. Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Hill
- Entomology Department Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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209
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Mina JGM, Denny PW. Everybody needs sphingolipids, right! Mining for new drug targets in protozoan sphingolipid biosynthesis. Parasitology 2018; 145:134-147. [PMID: 28637533 PMCID: PMC5964470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are an integral part of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In addition, they have indispensable functions as signalling molecules controlling a myriad of cellular events. Disruption of either the de novo synthesis or the degradation pathways has been shown to have detrimental effects. The earlier identification of selective inhibitors of fungal SL biosynthesis promised potent broad-spectrum anti-fungal agents, which later encouraged testing some of those agents against protozoan parasites. In this review we focus on the key enzymes of the SL de novo biosynthetic pathway in protozoan parasites of the Apicomplexa and Kinetoplastidae, outlining the divergence and interconnection between host and pathogen metabolism. The druggability of the SL biosynthesis is considered, alongside recent technology advances that will enable the dissection and analyses of this pathway in the parasitic protozoa. The future impact of these advances for the development of new therapeutics for both globally threatening and neglected infectious diseases is potentially profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G M Mina
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
| | - P W Denny
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
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210
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Tracey TJ, Steyn FJ, Wolvetang EJ, Ngo ST. Neuronal Lipid Metabolism: Multiple Pathways Driving Functional Outcomes in Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:10. [PMID: 29410613 PMCID: PMC5787076 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a fundamental class of organic molecules implicated in a wide range of biological processes related to their structural diversity, and based on this can be broadly classified into five categories; fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids, sterol lipids and sphingolipids. Different lipid classes play major roles in neuronal cell populations; they can be used as energy substrates, act as building blocks for cellular structural machinery, serve as bioactive molecules, or a combination of each. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysfunctions in lipid metabolism and function have been identified as potential drivers of pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant lipid metabolism is proposed to underlie denervation of neuromuscular junctions, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, impaired neuronal transport, cytoskeletal defects, inflammation and reduced neurotransmitter release. Here we review current knowledge of the roles of lipid metabolism and function in the CNS and discuss how modulating these pathways may offer novel therapeutic options for treating ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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211
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Cormier N, McGlone JJ, Leszyk J, Hardy DM. Immunocontraceptive target repertoire defined by systematic identification of sperm membrane alloantigens in a single species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190891. [PMID: 29342175 PMCID: PMC5771590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm competence in animal fertilization requires the collective activities of numerous sperm-specific proteins that are typically alloimmunogenic in females. Consequently, sperm membrane alloantigens are potential targets for contraceptives that act by blocking the proteins' functions in gamete interactions. Here we used a targeted proteomics approach to identify the major alloantigens in swine sperm membranes and lipid rafts, and thereby systematically defined the repertoire of these sperm-specific proteins in a single species. Gilts with high alloantibody reactivity to proteins in sperm membranes or lipid rafts produced fewer offspring (73% decrease) than adjuvant-only or nonimmune control animals. Alloantisera recognized more than 20 potentially unique sperm membrane proteins and five sperm lipid raft proteins resolved on two-dimensional immunoblots with or without prior enrichment by anion exchange chromatography. Dominant sperm membrane alloantigens identified by mass spectrometry included the ADAMs fertilin α, fertilin ß, and cyritestin. Less abundant alloantigens included ATP synthase F1 β subunit, myo-inositol monophosphatase-1, and zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein-2. Immunodominant sperm lipid raft alloantigens included SAMP14, lymphocyte antigen 6K, and the epididymal sperm protein E12. Of the fifteen unique membrane alloantigens identified, eleven were known sperm-specific proteins with uncertain functions in fertilization, and four were not previously suspected to exist as sperm-specific isoforms. De novo sequences of tryptic peptides from sperm membrane alloantigen "M6" displayed no evident homology to known proteins, so is a newly discovered sperm-specific gene product in swine. We conclude that alloimmunizing gilts with sperm membranes or lipid rafts evokes formation of antibodies to a relatively small number of dominant alloantigens that include known and novel sperm-specific proteins with possible functions in fertilization and potential utility as targets for immunocontraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Cormier
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - John J. McGlone
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Leszyk
- Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry Facility and Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Hardy
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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212
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Shishina AK, Kovrigina EA, Galiakhmetov AR, Rathore R, Kovrigin EL. Study of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer to Lipid Domain Markers Ascertains Partitioning of Semisynthetic Lipidated N-Ras in Lipid Raft Nanodomains. Biochemistry 2018; 57:872-881. [PMID: 29280621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are heterogeneous planar lipid bilayers displaying lateral phase separation with the nanometer-scale liquid-ordered phase (also known as "lipid rafts") surrounded by the liquid-disordered phase. Many membrane-associated proteins were found to permanently integrate into the lipid rafts, which is critical for their biological function. Isoforms H and N of Ras GTPase possess a unique ability to switch their lipid domain preference depending on the type of bound guanine nucleotide (GDP or GTP). This behavior, however, has never been demonstrated in vitro in model bilayers with recombinant proteins and therefore has been attributed to the action of binding of Ras to other proteins at the membrane surface. In this paper, we report the observation of the nucleotide-dependent switch of lipid domain preferences of the semisynthetic lipidated N-Ras in lipid raft vesicles in the absence of additional proteins. To detect segregation of Ras molecules in raft and disordered lipid domains, we measured Förster resonance energy transfer between the donor fluorophore, mant, attached to the protein-bound guanine nucleotides, and the acceptor, rhodamine-conjugated lipid, localized into the liquid-disordered domains. Herein, we established that N-Ras preferentially populated raft domains when bound to mant-GDP, while losing its preference for rafts when it was associated with a GTP mimic, mant-GppNHp. At the same time, the isolated lipidated C-terminal peptide of N-Ras was found to be localized outside of the liquid-ordered rafts, most likely in the bulk-disordered lipid. Substitution of the N-terminal G domain of N-Ras with a homologous G domain of H-Ras disrupted the nucleotide-dependent lipid domain switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Shishina
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Elizaveta A Kovrigina
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Azamat R Galiakhmetov
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Evgenii L Kovrigin
- Chemistry Department, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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213
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Ichikawa S, Shimokawa N, Takagi M, Kitayama Y, Takeuchi T. Size-dependent uptake of electrically neutral amphipathic polymeric nanoparticles by cell-sized liposomes and an insight into their internalization mechanism in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4557-4560. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00977e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The size-dependent uptake of amphipathic uncharged-nanoparticles in cell-sized liposomes is emerging as a new insight into their internalization mechanism in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - N. Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Ishikawa 923-1292
- Japan
| | - M. Takagi
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Ishikawa 923-1292
- Japan
| | - Y. Kitayama
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - T. Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
- Medical Device Fabrication Engineering Center
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214
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Kocyła A, Adamczyk J, Krężel A. Interdependence of free zinc changes and protein complex assembly – insights into zinc signal regulation. Metallomics 2018; 10:120-131. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Small and local changes in cellular free zinc concentration affect protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kocyła
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Justyna Adamczyk
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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215
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OKAMOTO Y. Development of Separation Sciences Utilizing the Specific Properties of Microscopic Separation Fields. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro OKAMOTO
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduated School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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216
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Zhang W, Yu CYY, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. A photostable AIE luminogen with near infrared emission for monitoring morphological change of plasma membrane. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1501-1507. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02947k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The morphological changes of plasma membrane can be long-term monitored by an AIEgen with high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study and Division of Life Science
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
| | - Chris Y. Y. Yu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study and Division of Life Science
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study and Division of Life Science
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study and Division of Life Science
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study and Division of Life Science
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
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217
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Chirality-Dependent Interaction of d- and l-Menthol with Biomembrane Models. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7040069. [PMID: 29244740 PMCID: PMC5746828 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chirality plays a vital role in biological membranes and has a significant effect depending on the type and arrangement of the isomer. Menthol has two typical chiral forms, d- and l-, which exhibit different behaviours. l-Menthol is known for its physiological effect on sensitivity (i.e. a cooling effect), whereas d-menthol causes skin irritation. Menthol molecules may affect not only the thermoreceptors on biomembranes, but also the membrane itself. Membrane heterogeneity (lipid rafts, phase separation) depends on lipid packing and acyl chain ordering. Our interest is to elaborate the chirality dependence of d- and l-menthol on membrane heterogeneity. We revealed physical differences between the two optical isomers of menthol on membrane heterogeneity by studying model membranes using nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopic observation.
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218
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Bate C, Nolan W, Williams A. Does the tail wag the dog? How the structure of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor affects prion formation. Prion 2017; 10:127-30. [PMID: 26901126 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1148237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attached to the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Since GPI anchors can alter protein targeting, trafficking and cell signaling, our recent study examined how the structure of the GPI anchor affected prion formation. PrP(C) containing a GPI anchor from which the sialic acid had been removed (desialylated PrP(C)) was not converted to PrP(Sc) in prion-infected neuronal cell lines and in scrapie-infected primary cortical neurons. In uninfected neurons desialylated PrP(C) was associated with greater concentrations of gangliosides and cholesterol than PrP(C). In addition, the targeting of desialylated PrP(C) to lipid rafts showed greater resistance to cholesterol depletion than PrP(C). The presence of desialylated PrP(C) caused the dissociation of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) from PrP-containing lipid rafts, reduced the activation of cPLA2 and inhibited PrP(Sc) production. We conclude that the sialic acid moiety of the GPI attached to PrP(C) modifies local membrane microenvironments that are important in PrP-mediated cell signaling and PrP(Sc) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Bate
- a Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology , Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms, Herts , UK
| | - William Nolan
- a Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology , Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms, Herts , UK
| | - Alun Williams
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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219
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Regmi R, Winkler PM, Flauraud V, Borgman KJE, Manzo C, Brugger J, Rigneault H, Wenger J, García-Parajo MF. Planar Optical Nanoantennas Resolve Cholesterol-Dependent Nanoscale Heterogeneities in the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6295-6302. [PMID: 28926278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas can efficiently confine light into nanoscopic hotspots, enabling single-molecule detection sensitivity at biological relevant conditions. This innovative approach to breach the diffraction limit offers a versatile platform to investigate the dynamics of individual biomolecules in living cell membranes and their partitioning into cholesterol-dependent lipid nanodomains. Here, we present optical nanoantenna arrays with accessible surface hotspots to study the characteristic diffusion dynamics of phosphoethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM) in the plasma membrane of living cells at the nanoscale. Fluorescence burst analysis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy performed on nanoantennas of different gap sizes show that, unlike PE, SM is transiently trapped in cholesterol-enriched nanodomains of 10 nm diameter with short characteristic times around 100 μs. The removal of cholesterol led to the free diffusion of SM, consistent with the dispersion of nanodomains. Our results are consistent with the existence of highly transient and fluctuating nanoscale assemblies enriched by cholesterol and sphingolipids in living cell membranes, also known as lipid rafts. Quantitative data on sphingolipids partitioning into lipid rafts is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal heterogeneous organization of transient molecular complexes on the membrane of living cells at the nanoscale. The proposed technique is fully biocompatible and thus provides various opportunities for biophysics and live cell research to reveal details that remain hidden in confocal diffraction-limited measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Regmi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Pamina M Winkler
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Flauraud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyra J E Borgman
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - María F García-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA , Pg. Lluı́s Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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220
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Cholesterol metabolism and glaucoma: Modulation of Muller cell membrane organization by 24S-hydroxycholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:179-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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221
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Smrt ST, Draney AW, Singaram I, Lorieau JL. Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Proteins and Membrane Associated Proteins with Native Bicelles from Eukaryotic Tissues. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5318-5327. [PMID: 28915027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Smrt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Adrian W. Draney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Indira Singaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Justin L. Lorieau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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222
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Molugu TR, Lee S, Brown MF. Concepts and Methods of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Applied to Biomembranes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12087-12132. [PMID: 28906107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Concepts of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and applications to fluid membranes are reviewed in this paper. Membrane lipids with 2H-labeled acyl chains or polar head groups are studied using 2H NMR to yield knowledge of their atomistic structures in relation to equilibrium properties. This review demonstrates the principles and applications of solid-state NMR by unifying dipolar and quadrupolar interactions and highlights the unique features offered by solid-state 2H NMR with experimental illustrations. For randomly oriented multilamellar lipids or aligned membranes, solid-state 2H NMR enables direct measurement of residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) due to individual C-2H-labeled segments. The distribution of RQC values gives nearly complete profiles of the segmental order parameters SCD(i) as a function of acyl segment position (i). Alternatively, one can measure residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) for natural abundance lipid samples to obtain segmental SCH order parameters. A theoretical mean-torque model provides acyl-packing profiles representing the cumulative chain extension along the normal to the aqueous interface. Equilibrium structural properties of fluid bilayers and various thermodynamic quantities can then be calculated, which describe the interactions with cholesterol, detergents, peptides, and integral membrane proteins and formation of lipid rafts. One can also obtain direct information for membrane-bound peptides or proteins by measuring RDCs using magic-angle spinning (MAS) in combination with dipolar recoupling methods. Solid-state NMR methods have been extensively applied to characterize model membranes and membrane-bound peptides and proteins, giving unique information on their conformations, orientations, and interactions in the natural liquid-crystalline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivikram R Molugu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael F Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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223
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Russo G, Witos J, Rantamäki AH, Wiedmer SK. Cholesterol affects the interaction between an ionic liquid and phospholipid vesicles. A study by differential scanning calorimetry and nanoplasmonic sensing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2361-2372. [PMID: 28912102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims at studying the interactions between cholesterol-rich phosphatidylcholine-based lipid vesicles and trioctylmethylphosphonium acetate ([P8881][OAc]), a biomass dissolving ionic liquid (IL). The effect of cholesterol was assayed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nanoplasmonic sensing (NPS) measurement techniques. Cholesterol-enriched dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine vesicles were exposed to different concentrations of the IL, and the derived membrane perturbation was monitored by DSC. The calorimetric data could suggest that the binding and infiltration of the IL are delayed in the vesicles containing cholesterol. To clarify our findings, NPS was applied to quantitatively follow the resistance of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine incorporating 0, 10, and 50mol% of cholesterol toward the IL exposure over time. The membrane perturbation induced by different concentrations of IL was found to be a concentration dependent process on cholesterol-free lipid vesicles. Moreover, our results showed that lipid depletion in cholesterol-enriched lipid vesicles is inversely proportional to the increasing amount of cholesterol in the vesicles. These findings support that cholesterol-rich lipid bilayers are less susceptible toward membrane disrupting agents as compared to membranes that do not incorporate any sterols. This probably occurs because cholesterol tightens the phospholipid acyl chain packing of the plasma membranes, increasing their resistance and reducing their permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joanna Witos
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti H Rantamäki
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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224
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The Actin Cytoskeleton Is Involved in Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF)-Induced Ret Translocation into Lipid Rafts in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091922. [PMID: 28880247 PMCID: PMC5618571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potential therapeutic factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), exerts its biological effects through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. The redistribution of Ret into lipid rafts substantially influences Ret signaling, but the mechanisms underlying Ret translocation remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to further explore the signaling mechanisms of GDNF and to determine whether the actin cytoskeleton is involved in the GDNF-induced Ret translocation into lipid rafts. In MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells, we used density gradient centrifugation and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to separate and visualize lipid rafts, co-immunoprecipitation to analyze protein-protein interactions, and latrunculin B (Lat B) and jasplakinolide (Jas) to disrupt and enhance the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, respectively. The results showed that Ret translocated into lipid rafts and coimmunoprecipitated with actin in response to GDNF treatment. After Lat B or Jas treatment, the Ret–F-actin association induced by GDNF was impaired or enhanced respectively and then the levels of Ret translocated into lipid rafts were correspondingly inhibited or promoted. These data indicate that actin polymerization and cytoskeletal remodeling are integral to GDNF-induced cell signaling in dopaminergic cells and define a new role of the actin cytoskeleton in promoting Ret redistribution into lipid rafts.
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225
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Wong YLE, Chen X, Wu R, Hung YLW, Chan TWD. Structural Characterization of Intact Glycoconjugates by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Electron-Induced Dissociation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10111-10117. [PMID: 28838234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the structures of glycoconjungates is important because of glycan heterogeneity and structural complexity of aglycon. The presence of relatively weak glycosidic linkages leads to preferential cleavages that limit the acquisition of structural information under typical mass spectrometry dissociation conditions, such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation. In this paper, we explored the dissociation behaviors of different members of glycoconjugates, including glycopeptides, glycoalkaloids, and glycolipids, under electron-induced dissociation (EID) conditions. Using CID spectra as references, we found that EID is not only a complementary method to CID, but also a method that can generate extensive fragment ions for the structural characterization of all intact glycoconjugates studied. Furthermore, isomeric ganglioside species can be differentiated, and the double bond location in the ceramide moiety of the gangliosides can be identified through the MS3 approach involving sequential CID and EID processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Elaine Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology , Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Winnie Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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226
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Presence of Androgen Receptor Variant in Neuronal Lipid Rafts. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0109-17. [PMID: 28856243 PMCID: PMC5575139 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0109-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, nongenomic androgen actions have been described in various cell types, including neurons. However, the receptor mediating this cell membrane–initiated rapid signaling remains unknown. This study found a putative androgen receptor splice variant in a dopaminergic N27 cell line and in several brain regions (substantia nigra pars compacta, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus) from gonadally intact and gonadectomized (young and middle-aged) male rats. This putative splice variant protein has a molecular weight of 45 kDa and lacks an N-terminal domain, indicating it is homologous to the human AR45 splice variant. Interestingly, AR45 was highly expressed in all brain regions examined. In dopaminergic neurons, AR45 is localized to plasma membrane lipid rafts, a microdomain involved in cellular signaling. Further, AR45 protein interacts with membrane-associated G proteins Gαq and Gαo. Neither age nor hormone levels altered AR45 expression in dopaminergic neurons. These results provide the first evidence of AR45 protein expression in the brain, specifically plasma membrane lipid rafts. AR45 presence in lipid rafts indicates that it may function as a membrane androgen receptor to mediate fast, nongenomic androgen actions.
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227
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Feeding-fasting dependent recruitment of membrane microdomain proteins to lipid droplets purified from the liver. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183022. [PMID: 28800633 PMCID: PMC5553754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular stores of neutral fat that facilitate lipid and protein trafficking in response to metabolic cues. Unlike other vesicles, the phospholipid membrane on the LD is a monolayer. Interestingly, this monolayer membrane has free cholesterol, and may therefore contain lipid microdomains that serve as a platform for assembling proteins involved in signal transduction, cell polarity, pathogen entry etc. In support of this, cell culture studies have detected microdomain-associated "raftophilic" proteins on LDs. However, the physiological significance of this observation has been unclear. Here we show that two proteins (Flotillin-1 and SNAP23) that bind to membrane microdomains associate differently with LDs purified from rat liver depending on the feeding/fasting state of the animal. Flotillin-1 increases on LDs in the fed state, possibly because LDs interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), facilitating supply of flotillin-1 from ER to LDs. Interestingly, this increase in flotillin-1 is correlated with an increase in free cholesterol on the LDs in fed state. In opposite behaviour to flotillin-1, SNAP23 increases on LDs in the fasted state and this appears to mediate LD-mitochondria interactions. Such LD-mitochondria interactions may provide fatty acids to mitochondria for promoting beta-oxidation in hepatocytes in response to fasting. Our work brings out physiologically relevant aspects of lipid droplet biology that are different from, and may not be entirely possible to replicate and study in cell culture.
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228
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Huang FC. The Role of Sphingolipids on Innate Immunity to Intestinal Salmonella Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081720. [PMID: 28783107 PMCID: PMC5578110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. remains a major public health problem for the whole world. To reduce the use of antimicrobial agents and drug-resistant Salmonella, a better strategy is to explore alternative therapy rather than to discover another antibiotic. Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains attract signaling proteins and orchestrate them toward cell signaling and membrane trafficking pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity against infecting pathogens. It is therefore mandatory to exploit the role of the membrane sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia infected by this pathogen. In the present review, we focus on the role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia against Salmonella infection, including adhesion, autophagy, bactericidal effect, barrier function, membrane trafficking, cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression. The intervention of sphingolipid-enhanced foods to make our life healthy or pharmacological agents regulating sphingolipids is provided at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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229
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Bajimaya S, Frankl T, Hayashi T, Takimoto T. Cholesterol is required for stability and infectivity of influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses. Virology 2017; 510:234-241. [PMID: 28750327 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane are considered to play a major role in the enveloped virus lifecycle. However, the functional role of cholesterol in assembly, infectivity and stability of respiratory RNA viruses is not fully understood. We previously reported that depletion of cellular cholesterol by cholesterol-reducing agents decreased production of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) particles by inhibiting virus assembly. In this study, we analyzed the role of cholesterol on influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) production. Unlike hPIV1, treatment of human airway cells with the agents did not decrease virus particle production. However, the released virions were less homogeneous in density and unstable. Addition of exogenous cholesterol to the released virions restored virus stability and infectivity. Collectively, these data indicate a critical role of cholesterol in maintaining IAV and RSV membrane structure that is essential for sustaining viral stability and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringkhala Bajimaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tünde Frankl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Toru Takimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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230
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Winkler PM, Regmi R, Flauraud V, Brugger J, Rigneault H, Wenger J, García-Parajo MF. Transient Nanoscopic Phase Separation in Biological Lipid Membranes Resolved by Planar Plasmonic Antennas. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7241-7250. [PMID: 28696660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale membrane assemblies of sphingolipids, cholesterol, and certain proteins, also known as lipid rafts, play a crucial role in facilitating a broad range of important cell functions. Whereas on living cell membranes lipid rafts have been postulated to have nanoscopic dimensions and to be highly transient, the existence of a similar type of dynamic nanodomains in multicomponent lipid bilayers has been questioned. Here, we perform fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on planar plasmonic antenna arrays with different nanogap sizes to assess the dynamic nanoscale organization of mimetic biological membranes. Our approach takes advantage of the highly enhanced and confined excitation light provided by the nanoantennas together with their outstanding planarity to investigate membrane regions as small as 10 nm in size with microsecond time resolution. Our diffusion data are consistent with the coexistence of transient nanoscopic domains in both the liquid-ordered and the liquid-disordered microscopic phases of multicomponent lipid bilayers. These nanodomains have characteristic residence times between 30 and 150 μs and sizes around 10 nm, as inferred from the diffusion data. Thus, although microscale phase separation occurs on mimetic membranes, nanoscopic domains also coexist, suggesting that these transient assemblies might be similar to those occurring in living cells, which in the absence of raft-stabilizing proteins are poised to be short-lived. Importantly, our work underscores the high potential of photonic nanoantennas to interrogate the nanoscale heterogeneity of native biological membranes with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamina M Winkler
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raju Regmi
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona, Spain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - Valentin Flauraud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - María F García-Parajo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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231
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Bhatia T, Cornelius F, Ipsen JH. Capturing suboptical dynamic structures in lipid bilayer patches formed from free-standing giant unilamellar vesicles. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1563-1575. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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232
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Clostridium perfringens α-toxin impairs erythropoiesis by inhibition of erythroid differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5217. [PMID: 28701754 PMCID: PMC5507896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens α-toxin induces hemolysis of erythrocytes from various species, but it has not been elucidated whether the toxin affects erythropoiesis. In this study, we treated bone marrow cells (BMCs) from mice with purified α-toxin and found that TER119+ erythroblasts were greatly decreased by the treatment. A variant α-toxin defective in enzymatic activities, phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase, had no effect on the population of erythroblasts, demonstrating that the decrease in erythroblasts was dependent of its enzymatic activities. α-Toxin reduced the CD71+TER119+ and CD71–TER119+ cell populations but not the CD71+TER119− cell population. In addition, α-toxin decreased the number of colony-forming unit erythroid colonies but not burst-forming unit erythroid colonies, indicating that α-toxin preferentially reduced mature erythroid cells compared with immature cells. α-Toxin slightly increased annexinV+ cells in TER119+ cells. Additionally, simultaneous treatment of BMCs with α-toxin and erythropoietin greatly attenuated the reduction of TER119+ erythroblasts by α-toxin. Furthermore, hemin-induced differentiation of human K562 erythroleukemia cells was impaired by α-toxin, whereas the treatment exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity. These results suggested that α-toxin mainly inhibited erythroid differentiation. Together, our results provide new insights into the biological activities of α-toxin, which might be important to understand the pathogenesis of C. perfringens infection.
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233
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Huang Z, Toledo AM, Benach JL, London E. Ordered Membrane Domain-Forming Properties of the Lipids of Borrelia burgdorferi. Biophys J 2017; 111:2666-2675. [PMID: 28002743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-existing disordered and ordered (raft) membrane domains exist in Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. However, although B. burgdorferi contains cholesterol lipids, it lacks sphingolipids-a crucial component of rafts in eukaryotes. To define the principles of ordered lipid domain formation in Borrelia, the domain forming properties of vesicles composed of its three major lipids, acylated cholesteryl galactoside (ACGal), monogalactosyl diacyglycerol (MGalD), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or their mixtures were studied. Anisotropy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements were used to assay membrane order and ordered-domain formation. ACGal had the highest potential to form ordered domains. Interestingly, mixtures of ACGal with B. burgdorferi PC formed ordered domains more readily than mixtures of ACGal with MGalD. This appears to reflect the relatively high level of saturation observed for B. burgdorferi PC, as vesicles containing ACGal and PC, but in which the unsaturated lipid dioleoyl PC was substituted for Borrelia PC, failed to form ordered domains. In addition, the properties of ACGal were compared to those of cholesterol. Depending on what other lipids were present, ordered-domain formation in the presence of ACGal was greater than or equal to that in the presence of cholesterol. Giant unilamellar vesicles formed from ACGal-containing mixtures showed rounded domain shapes similar to those in analogous vesicles containing cholesterol, indicative of liquid-ordered state rather than solid-like gel-state domain formation. Over all, principles of ordered-domain formation in B. burgdorferi appear to be very similar to those in eukaryotes, with saturated PC taking the place of sphingolipids, but with ACGal being the main lipid component inducing ordered-domain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Alvaro M Toledo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jorge L Benach
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
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234
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Zhang T, Luo Q, Yang L, Jiang H, Yang H. Characterizing the interactions of two lipid modifications with lipid rafts: farnesyl anchors vs. palmitoyl anchors. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 47:19-30. [PMID: 28585042 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyl (Far) and palmitoyl (Pal) anchors play important roles in the traffic of many lipidated proteins. Herein, we show the distinctive interactions and influences of the two lipid modifications on lipid rafts (LRs) and non-raft-like membranes using molecular dynamics simulations. Palmitoyl anchors behave in a more ordered fashion, pack tighter with the lipids of LRs and diffuse at a slower rate than farnesyl anchors in LRs. When interacting with non-raft-like membranes these two types of anchors become less ordered, pack more loosely with lipids, and diffuse at a higher rate. By calculating both the number of contacts per chain and the number of contact atoms per carbon of the two anchors with the lipid components, we found that the palmitoyl chains preferred to associate with the saturated chains of lipids and cholesterol molecules in LRs, while farnesyl chains favored association with saturated chains and unsaturated chains. For non-raft-like membranes, these two lipid anchors had roughly the same preference for the three types of contact lipid chains. Additionally, palmitoyl anchors caused cholesterol to orient more perpendicular to the membrane surface, surrounding lipids to become more ordered, and lipid lateral fluidity to reduce significantly, compared to farnesyl anchors in LRs. By contrast, the POPE and DSPC became much less ordered, cholesterol became more tilted, and lipids became more fluid, when the two types lipid anchors were inserted in non-raft-like membranes. These findings are useful for understanding the traffic mechanisms of lipidated proteins with farnesyl and palmitoyl modifications in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qichao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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235
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Bera I, Klauda JB. Molecular Simulations of Mixed Lipid Bilayers with Sphingomyelin, Glycerophospholipids, and Cholesterol. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5197-5208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Bera
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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236
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Li L, Yu L, Hou X. Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play a critical role in bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) infection. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:341-347. [PMID: 28654867 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are specialized lipid domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipid, which can be utilized in the lifecycle of numerous enveloped viruses. Bovine parainfluenza virustype3 (BPIV3) entry to cell is mediated by receptor binding and membrane fusion, but how lipid rafts in host cell membrane and BPIV3 envelope affect virus infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of lipid rafts in the different stages of BPIV3 infection. The MDBK cells were treated by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to disrupt cellular lipid raft, and the virus infection was determined. The results showed that MβCD significantly inhibited BPIV3 infection in a dose-dependent manner, but didn't block the binding of virus to the cell membrane. Whereas, the MDBK cells treated by MβCD after virus-entry had no effects on the virus infection, to suggest that BPIV3 infection was associated with lipid rafts in cell membrane during viral entry stage. To further confirm lipid rafts in viral envelope also affected BPIV3 infection, we treated BPIV3 with MβCD to determine the virus titer. We found that disruption of the viral lipid raft caused a significant reduction of viral yield. Cholesterol reconstitution experiment showed that BPIV3 infection was successfully restored by cholesterol supplementation both in cellular membrane and viral envelope, which demonstrated that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts played a critical role in BPIV3 infection. These findings provide insights on our understanding of the mechanism of BPIV3 infection and imply that lipid raft might be a good potential therapeutic target to prevent virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liyun Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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237
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Ceccarelli A, Di Venere A, Nicolai E, De Luca A, Rosato N, Gratton E, Mei G, Caccuri AM. New insight into the interaction of TRAF2 C-terminal domain with lipid raft microdomains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:813-822. [PMID: 28499815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we provide the first evidence of the interaction of a truncated-TRAF2 with lipid raft microdomains. We have analyzed this interaction by measuring the diffusion coefficient of the protein in large and giant unilamellar vesicles (LUVs and GUVs, respectively) obtained both from synthetic lipid mixtures and from natural extracts. Steady-state fluorescence measurements performed with synthetic vesicles indicate that this truncated form of TRAF2 displays a tighter binding to raft-like LUVs with respect to the control (POPC-containing LUVs), and that this process depends on the protein oligomeric state. Generalized Polarization measurements and spectral phasor analysis revealed that truncated-TRAF2 affects the membrane fluidity, especially when vesicles are heated up at physiological temperature. The addition of nanomolar concentration of TRAF2 in GUVs also seems to exert a mechanical action, as demonstrated by the formation of intraluminal vesicles, a process in which ganglioside GM1 plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Center NAST, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Center NAST, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Center NAST, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Center NAST, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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238
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Boisselier É, Demers É, Cantin L, Salesse C. How to gather useful and valuable information from protein binding measurements using Langmuir lipid monolayers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 243:60-76. [PMID: 28372794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on the influence of various experimental parameters on the binding of proteins onto Langmuir lipid monolayers. The users of the Langmuir methodology are often unaware of the importance of choosing appropriate experimental conditions to validate the data acquired with this method. The protein Retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) has been used throughout this review to illustrate the influence of these experimental parameters on the data gathered with Langmuir monolayers. The methods detailed in this review include the determination of protein binding parameters from the measurement of adsorption isotherms, infrared spectra of the protein in solution and in monolayers, ellipsometric isotherms and fluorescence micrographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Éric Demers
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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239
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Saha AK, Osmulski P, Dallo SF, Gaczynska M, Huang THM, Ramasubramanian AK. Cholesterol Regulates Monocyte Rolling through CD44 Distribution. Biophys J 2017; 112:1481-1488. [PMID: 28402890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, due to its active uptake by monocytes/macrophages. Monocyte recruitment from flowing blood to atherosclerotic foci is the key first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol content alters cell membrane stiffness, and lateral lipid and protein diffusion. We hypothesized that cholesterol content will modulate the recruitment of monocytes to inflamed endothelial surface by altering the dynamics of adhesion receptors. We depleted or enriched the cellular cholesterol levels using methyl-β-cyclodextran in freshly isolated human monocytes. We investigated the effect of these changes on the mechanics of monocyte rolling on E-selectin surfaces at 1 dyn/cm2 in microchannels. Using imaging flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy, we characterized the distribution of lipid rafts and the E-selectin counterreceptor CD44 on the monocyte surface. We observed that lower levels of cholesterol resulted in the uniform, CD44-mediated rolling of monocytes on the E-selectin-coated surfaces. We also observed that cells depleted of cholesterol had higher membrane fluidity, and more uniform distribution of CD44 counterreceptor, which resulted in smooth motion of the cells compared to cells enriched with cholesterol. This work demonstrates that cholesterol can modulate monocyte adhesion by regulating the receptor mobility, and our results provide insights into the biophysical regulation of inflammation for the better understanding of diseases like atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pawel Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shatha F Dallo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anand K Ramasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, San José State University, San José, California.
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240
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Hilsch M, Haralampiev I, Müller P, Huster D, Scheidt HA. Membrane properties of hydroxycholesterols related to the brain cholesterol metabolism. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:720-727. [PMID: 28503207 PMCID: PMC5405690 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to cholesterol, hydroxycholesterols contain an additional hydroxy group in the alkyl chain and are able to efficiently cross the brain-blood barrier. Therefore, they are responsible for the sterol transfer between brain and circulation. The current study compares the membrane properties of several hydroxycholesterols with those of cholesterol using 2H NMR spectroscopy, a membrane permeability assay, and fluorescence microscopy experiments. It is shown that hydroxycholesterols do not exert the unique impact on membrane properties characteristic for cholesterol with regard to the influence on lipid chain order, membrane permeability and formation of lateral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Hilsch
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Haralampiev
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16–18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16–18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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241
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Effect of cholesterol on the molecular structure and transitions in a clinical-grade lung surfactant extract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3592-E3601. [PMID: 28416656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701239114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid-protein film covering the interface of the lung alveolar in mammals is vital for proper lung function and its deficiency is related to a range of diseases. Here we present a molecular-level characterization of a clinical-grade porcine lung surfactant extract using a multitechnique approach consisting of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] solid-state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and mass spectrometry. The detailed characterization presented for reconstituted membranes of a lung extract demonstrates that the molecular structure of lung surfactant strongly depends on the concentration of cholesterol. If cholesterol makes up about 11% of the total dry weight of lung surfactant, the surfactant extract adopts a single liquid-ordered lamellar phase, [Formula: see text], at physiological temperatures. This [Formula: see text] phase gradually changes into a liquid-disordered lamellar phase, [Formula: see text], when the temperature is increased by a few degrees. In the absence of cholesterol the system segregates into one lamellar gel phase and one [Formula: see text] phase. Remarkably, it was possible to measure a large set of order parameter magnitudes [Formula: see text] from the liquid-disordered and -ordered lamellar phases and assign them to specific C-H bonds of the phospholipids in the biological extract with no use of isotopic labeling. These findings with molecular details on lung surfactant mixtures together with the presented NMR methodology may guide further development of pulmonary surfactant pharmaceuticals that better mimic the physiological self-assembly compositions for treatment of pathological states such as respiratory distress syndrome.
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242
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Galimzyanov TR, Lyushnyak AS, Aleksandrova VV, Shilova LA, Mikhalyov II, Molotkovskaya IM, Akimov SA, Batishchev OV. Line Activity of Ganglioside GM1 Regulates the Raft Size Distribution in a Cholesterol-Dependent Manner. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3517-3524. [PMID: 28324651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-ordered lipid domains, also called rafts, are assumed to be important players in different cellular processes, mainly signal transduction and membrane trafficking. They are thicker than the disordered part of the membrane and are thought to form to compensate for the hydrophobic mismatch between transmembrane proteins and the lipid environment. Despite the existence of such structures in vivo still being an open question, they are observed in model systems of multicomponent lipid bilayers. Moreover, the predictions obtained from model experiments allow the explanation of different physiological processes possibly involving rafts. Here we present the results of the study of the regulation of raft size distribution by ganglioside GM1. Combining atomic force microscopy with theoretical considerations based on the theory of membrane elasticity, we predict that this glycolipid should change the line tension of raft boundaries in two different ways, mainly depending on the cholesterol content. These results explain the shedding of gangliosides from the surface of tumor cells and the following ganglioside-induced apoptosis of T-lymphocytes in a raft-dependent manner. Moreover, the generality of the model allows the prediction of the line activity of different membrane components based on their molecular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Galimzyanov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 31/4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , 4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119049 Russia
| | - A S Lyushnyak
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 31/4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
| | - V V Aleksandrova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , 4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119049 Russia
| | - L A Shilova
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 31/4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
| | - I I Mikhalyov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I M Molotkovskaya
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - S A Akimov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 31/4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , 4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119049 Russia
| | - O V Batishchev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , 31/4 Leninskii Prospekt, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
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243
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Hassan-Zadeh E, Hussain F, Huang J. Gramicidin Peptides Alter Global Lipid Compositions and Bilayer Thicknesses of Coexisting Liquid-Ordered and Liquid-Disordered Membrane Domains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3324-3332. [PMID: 28267920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of adding 1 mol % of gramicidin-A on the biochemical properties of coexisting liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered (Lo + Ld) membrane domains were investigated. Quaternary giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) of di18:1PC(DOPC)/di18:0PC(DSPC)/cholesterol/gramicidin-A were prepared using our recently developed damp-film method. The phase boundary of Lo + Ld coexisting region was determined using video fluorescence microscopy. Through fitting Nile Red fluorescence emission spectra, the thermodynamic tie-lines in the Lo + Ld two-phase region were determined. We found that at 1 mol % (i.e., ∼7% of membrane area), gramicidin peptides alter the phase boundary and thermodynamic tie-lines. Gramicidin abolishes the coexisting phases at some lipid compositions but induces phase separation at others. Previous studies of gramicidin emphasize the local perturbation of bilayer thickness adjacent to the protein through the interaction of "hydrophobic mismatch". For the first time, it becomes clear that adding gramicidin produces significant long-range and global effects on the structure of membrane domains: it alters the overall lipid compositions and bilayer thicknesses of coexisting Lo and Ld domains. We also found that gramicidin partitions favorably into the Ld phase. Adding gramicidin decreases cholesterol in the Ld phase and increases cholesterol in the Lo phase. Those compositional changes broaden the bilayer thickness difference between Lo and Ld domains and facilitate preferential partition of gramicidin into thinner Ld domains. Our results demonstrate that membrane proteins play significant roles in determining lipid compositions and bilayer thicknesses of biomembrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Hassan-Zadeh
- Department of Physics, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mahshahr, Iran
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244
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Technological advances and proteomic applications in drug discovery and target deconvolution: identification of the pleiotropic effects of statins. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:848-869. [PMID: 28284830 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic-based techniques provide a powerful tool for identifying the full spectrum of protein targets of a drug, elucidating its mechanism(s) of action, and identifying biomarkers of its efficacy and safety. Herein, we outline the technological advancements in the field, and illustrate the contribution of proteomics to the definition of the pharmacological profile of statins, which represent the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thus reducing cholesterol biosynthesis and consequently enhancing the clearance of low-density lipoproteins from the blood; however, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition can result in a multitude of additional effects beyond lipid lowering, known as 'pleiotropic effects'. The case of statins highlights the unique contribution of proteomics to the target profiling of a drug molecule.
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245
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Yamada H, Umemoto T, Kawano M, Kawakami M, Kakei M, Momomura SI, Ishikawa SE, Hara K. High-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I inhibit palmitate-induced translocation of toll-like receptor 4 into lipid rafts and inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:403-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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246
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Ulmer CZ, Koelmel JP, Ragland JM, Garrett TJ, Bowden JA. LipidPioneer : A Comprehensive User-Generated Exact Mass Template for Lipidomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:562-565. [PMID: 28074328 PMCID: PMC5557379 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomics, the comprehensive measurement of lipid species in a biological system, has promising potential in biomarker discovery and disease etiology elucidation. Advances in chromatographic separation, mass spectrometric techniques, and novel substrate applications continue to expand the number of lipid species observed. The total number and type of lipid species detected in a given sample are generally indicative of the sample matrix examined (e.g., serum, plasma, cells, bacteria, tissue, etc.). Current exact mass lipid libraries are static and represent the most commonly analyzed matrices. It is common practice for users to manually curate their own lists of lipid species and adduct masses; however, this process is time-consuming. LipidPioneer, an interactive template, can be used to generate exact masses and molecular formulas of lipid species that may be encountered in the mass spectrometric analysis of lipid profiles. Over 60 lipid classes are present in the LipidPioneer template and include several unique lipid species, such as ether-linked lipids and lipid oxidation products. In the template, users can add any fatty acyl constituents without limitation in the number of carbons or degrees of unsaturation. LipidPioneer accepts naming using the lipid class level (sum composition) and the LIPID MAPS notation for fatty acyl structure level. In addition to lipid identification, user-generated lipid m/z values can be used to develop inclusion lists for targeted fragmentation experiments. Resulting lipid names and m/z values can be imported into software such as MZmine or Compound Discoverer to automate exact mass searching and isotopic pattern matching across experimental data. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Z Ulmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jared M Ragland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
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247
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Molecular basis of fatty acid selectivity in the zDHHC family of S-acyltransferases revealed by click chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1365-E1374. [PMID: 28167757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612254114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S-acylation is a major posttranslational modification, catalyzed by the zinc finger DHHC domain containing (zDHHC) enzyme family. S-acylated proteins can be modified by different fatty acids; however, very little is known about how zDHHC enzymes contribute to acyl chain heterogeneity. Here, we used fatty acid-azide/alkyne labeling of mammalian cells, showing their transformation into acyl-CoAs and subsequent click chemistry-based detection, to demonstrate that zDHHC enzymes have marked differences in their fatty acid selectivity. This difference in selectivity was apparent even for highly related enzymes, such as zDHHC3 and zDHHC7, which displayed a marked difference in their ability to use C18:0 acyl-CoA as a substrate. Furthermore, we identified isoleucine-182 in transmembrane domain 3 of zDHHC3 as a key determinant in limiting the use of longer chain acyl-CoAs by this enzyme. This study uncovered differences in the fatty acid selectivity profiles of cellular zDHHC enzymes and mapped molecular determinants governing this selectivity.
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248
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Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations of specific lipid groups in serum of obese humans: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:247-272. [PMID: 27899022 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the dysfunction of liver, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and reproductive system, as well as a component of metabolic syndrome. Although development of obesity-related disorders is associated with lipid abnormalities, most previous studies dealing with the problem in question were limited to routinely determined parameters, such as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many authors postulated to extend the scope of analysed lipid compounds and to study obesity-related alterations in other, previously non-examined groups of lipids. Comprehensive quantitative, structural and functional analysis of specific lipid groups may result in identification of new obesity-related alterations. The review summarizes available evidence of obesity-related alterations in various groups of lipids and their impact on health status of obese subjects. Further, the role of diet and endogenous lipid synthesis in the development of serum lipid alterations is discussed, along with potential application of various lipid compounds as risk markers for obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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249
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Barreca MM, Spinello W, Cavalieri V, Turturici G, Sconzo G, Kaur P, Tinnirello R, Asea AAA, Geraci F. Extracellular Hsp70 Enhances Mesoangioblast Migration via an Autocrine Signaling Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1845-1861. [PMID: 27925208 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated progenitor stem cells endowed with the ability of multipotent mesoderm differentiation. Therefore, they represent a promising tool in the regeneration of injured tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that homing of mesoangioblasts into blood and injured tissues are mainly controlled by cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory factors. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating their ability to traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that membrane vesicles released by mesoangioblasts contain Hsp70, and that the released Hsp70 is able to interact by an autocrine mechanism with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD91 to stimulate migration. We further demonstrate that Hsp70 has a positive role in regulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 expression and that MMP2 has a more pronounced effect on cell migration, as compared to MMP9. In addition, the analysis of the intracellular pathways implicated in Hsp70 regulated signal transduction showed the involvement of both PI3K/AKT and NF-κB. Taken together, our findings present a paradigm shift in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate mesoangioblast stem cells ability to traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM). J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1845-1861, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Walter Spinello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Turturici
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sconzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosaria Tinnirello
- Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology Institute, National Center of Research, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alexzander A A Asea
- Department of Neurology and the Deanship for Scientific Research, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabiana Geraci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
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250
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Santiago Valtierra FX, Mateos MV, Aveldaño MI, Oresti GM. Sphingomyelins and ceramides with VLCPUFAs are excluded from low-density raft-like domains in differentiating spermatogenic cells. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:529-542. [PMID: 28082410 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat spermatogenic cells contain sphingomyelins (SMs) and ceramides (Cers) with very long-chain PUFAs (VLCPUFAs) in nonhydroxylated (n-V) and 2-hydroxylated (h-V) forms. How these atypical species distribute among membrane fractions during differentiation was investigated here using a detergent-free procedure to isolate a small light raft-like low-density fraction and a large heavy fraction, mostly derived from the plasma membrane of spermatocytes, round spermatids, and late spermatids. The light fraction contained cholesterol, glycerophospholipids (GPLs), and SM with the same saturated fatty acids in all three stages. In the heavy fraction, as PUFA increased in the GPL and VLCPUFA in SM from spermatocytes to spermatids, the concentration of cholesterol was also augmented. The heavy fraction had mostly n-V SM in spermatocytes, but accumulated h-V SM and h-V Cer in spermatids. A fraction containing intracellular membranes had less SM and more Cer than the latter, but in both fractions SM and Cer species with h-V increased over species with n-V with differentiation. This accretion of h-V was consistent with the differentiation-dependent expression of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (Fa2h), as it increased significantly from spermatocytes to spermatids. The non-raft region of the plasma membrane is thus the main target of the dynamic lipid synthesis and remodeling that is involved in germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melina V Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marta I Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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