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Sreenivasulu G, Praseetha BS, Daud NR, Varghese TI, Prakash TN, Jayaraju N. Benthic foraminifera as potential ecological proxies for environmental monitoring in coastal regions: A study on the Beypore estuary, Southwest coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:341-351. [PMID: 30660283 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The benthic foraminiferal diversity index was computed from Beypore estuary sediments. The abundance and diversity of Quinqueloculina lata, Textularia agglutinans, Haplophagmoides canariensis, and Quinqueloculina stelligera were dominated by stress-tolerant taxa such as Ammonia tepida, A.parkinsoniana, Nonion grateloupi, and N. scaphum in the estuary. The small-size foraminifera probably perished in a juvenile stage because of the high temperature and low salinity that prevailed in the ecosystem. The dominance of stress tolerant benthic foraminifera and absence of Elphidium species in the estuary suggest the prevalence of hypoxic (low-oxygen) conditions. The consistent low-diversity index of foraminifera indicates that the ecosystem is moderate to highly stressed ecologically in the Beypore estuary. The application of benthic foraminifera as a bioindicator for assessing the environmental stress in the Beypore estuary is key in monitoring these fragile coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sreenivasulu
- Coastal Processes Group (CoP), ESSO-National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
| | - B S Praseetha
- Coastal Processes Group (CoP), ESSO-National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Nurul Rabitah Daud
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tiju I Varghese
- Coastal Processes Group (CoP), ESSO-National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - T N Prakash
- Coastal Processes Group (CoP), ESSO-National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - N Jayaraju
- Department of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516 005, A.P., India
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202
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Zhang R, Anderson E, Chen P, Addy M, Cheng Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Ruan R. Intermittent-vacuum assisted thermophilic co-digestion of corn stover and liquid swine manure: Salinity inhibition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:16-23. [PMID: 30261332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Intermittent-Vacuum Stripping (IVS) on activities of methanogenesis in co-digestion of corn stover with liquid swine manure (LSM + CS) under thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) conditions were evaluated. A 65% methanogenesis activity inhibition was observed in pretreated LSM plus corn stover (pLSM + CS), while 60 and 165 mL/L/day CH4 productions were achieved in pLSM + CS and LSM + CS, respectively. The high salinity condition (5.28%) after IVS pretreatment was considered the primary inhibitor in pLSM + CS, while the ammonia (≤600 mg/L), C:N ratio (15.52) and volatile solid loading rate (3 g/kg-1·day-1) didn't show a negative effect on CH4 production. When salinities were increased from 2% to 4% and 8%, 50% and 100% inhibition were observed respectively. The butyrate accumulation was a potential indicator of the non-salinity-inhibition status for methanogenesis in TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Erik Anderson
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Min Addy
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA.
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203
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Sahle M, Saito O, Fürst C, Yeshitela K. Quantifying and mapping of water-related ecosystem services for enhancing the security of the food-water-energy nexus in tropical data-sparse catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:573-586. [PMID: 30059918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The food-water-energy nexus concept helps to produce an integrative solutions to secure the water-related ecosystem services sustainably. This study aims to quantify and map water provisioning and soil erosion regulating services from both demand and supply sides in a spatially explicit manner. It considers the Wabe River catchment of the Omo-Gibe Basin in tropical data-sparse region of East Africa as a case study and uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) annual and seasonal water yield and sediment delivery models. The water demands and biophysical parameters data were collected from primary and secondary sources and prepared according to the requirement of the models. The models output were validated after conducting sensitivity analysis of the input parameters. The result shows that the rainfall amount of the catchment is highly seasonal, which causes the surface water to vary according to the seasons. The high annual precipitation and low actual evapotranspiration of the catchment resulted high annual water yields. However, the people in the catchment did not satisfied their domestic water demand as result of inaccessibility and poor management of the rain water. The high net supply of water, especially in the rainy season, carries detached top soil via heavy rainfall in the upper catchment areas. Even though the existing land cover and management practices contribute to sediment retention, a large amount of sediment is exported to rivers, which jeopardizes the food and energy security. Thus, the management of water is essential for enhancing the security of the food-water-energy nexus in the catchment. The methods applied in this study can increase spatial understanding of the water-related ecosystem services especially in data-sparse catchments of the tropics, and lead to improvement of water management to enhance the security nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Sahle
- Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Natural Resources Management, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
| | - Osamu Saito
- United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christine Fürst
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kumelachew Yeshitela
- Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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204
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Xu J, Zhang H, Luo T, Liu Z, Xia J, Zhang X. Phototransformation of p-arsanilic acid in aqueous media containing nitrogen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:777-783. [PMID: 30179842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of co-existing nitrogen species in surface water on the phototransformation of organoarsenical p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) have been investigated using a xenon lamp as a simulated solar light source. Significant enhancements of p-ASA phototransformation efficiency were observed in the presence of nitrate and nitrite, increasing with the concentration of these species and pH, whereas ammonia showed no obvious effect. The products, including inorganic arsenic species and organic derivatives, have been analyzed in order to reveal the phototransformation pathways. In the nitrate and nitrite systems, only small proportions of inorganic arsenic species were generated, with the majority of p-ASA being converted into other organoarsenical derivatives through hydroxylation, nitration, and nitrosation. Phototransformation of p-ASA in collected natural surface water was also observed. This work has implications for the phototransformation of p-ASA in nitrogen-contaminated surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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205
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Bonanno G, Orlando-Bonaca M. Perspectives on using marine species as bioindicators of plastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:209-221. [PMID: 30503427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing level of marine pollution due to plastic debris is a globally recognized threat that needs effective actions of control and mitigation. Using marine organisms as bioindicators of plastic pollution can provide crucial information that would better integrate the spatial and temporal presence of plastic debris in the sea. Given their long and frequent migrations, numerous marine species that ingest plastics can provide information on the presence of plastic debris but only on large spatial and temporal scales, thus making it difficult to identify quantitative correlations of ingested plastics within well-defined spatio-temporal patterns. Given the complex dynamics of plastics in the sea, the biomonitoring of marine plastic debris should rely on the combination of several bioindicator species with different characteristics that complement each other. Other critical aspects include the standardization of sampling protocols, analytical detection methods and metrics to evaluate the effects of ingested plastics in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bonanno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Antonino Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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206
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Tharmavaram M, Pandey G, Rawtani D. Surface modified halloysite nanotubes: A flexible interface for biological, environmental and catalytic applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 261:82-101. [PMID: 30243667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) are clay minerals that possess unique chemical composition and a tubular structure due to which, they have recently emerged as a potential nanomaterial for umpteen applications. Over the years, the myriad applications of HNT have been realized through the surface modification of HNT, which involves the modification of nanotube's inner lumen and the outer surface with different functional compounds. The presence of aluminum and silica groups on the inner and outer surface of HNT enhance the interfacial relationship of the nanotube with different functional agents. Compounds such as alkalis, organosilanes, polymers, compounds of biological origin, surfactants and nanomaterials have been used for the modification of the inner lumen and the outer surface of HNT. The strategies change the constitution of HNT's surface either through micro-disintegration of the surface or by introducing additional functional groups on the surface, which further enhances their potential to be used as a flexible interface for different applications. In this review, the different surface modification strategies of the outer surface and the inner lumen that have been employed over the years have been discussed. The biological, environmental and catalytic applications of these surface modified HNTs with such versatile interface in the past two years have been elaborately discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithri Tharmavaram
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Rawtani
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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207
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Mitra T, Mahanty A, Ganguly S, Purohit GK, Mohanty S, Parida PK, Behera PR, Raman RK, Mohanty BP. Expression patterns of heat shock protein genes in Rita rita from natural riverine habitat as biomarker response against environmental pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:535-546. [PMID: 30092534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
River pollution is one of the principal environmental concerns and biomonitoring tools can play an important role in pollution assessment in the riverine environment. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be suitable tools for monitoring stress response. In the present study, expression analyses of hsp genes (hsp27, hsp47, hsp60, hsp70, hsc70, and hsp90) and selected hsp-regulatory genes (hsf1, hyou1, ask1, jnk) were carried out by RT-qPCR in catfish Rita rita collected from selected stretches of river Ganga to investigate changes in their expression patterns as biomarker response. Water quality characteristics were measured in terms of physico-chemical characteristics (DO, BOD, COD, pH, conductivity), element profile (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, copper) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs; HCH, DDT, aldrin, endosulphan, heptachlor). Water quality index was calculated and sampling sites were categorized as good/medium/bad. Multivariate analysis was carried out taking the water quality parameters and the fold changes in hsp gene expression as variables, which showed that hsp47 and hsp70b correlated well with BOD, an indicator of organic pollution. To identify the organic pollutant(s) which could be influencing the expression of hsps, again multivariate analysis was employed taking concentration of POPs and fold changes of hsps, which showed up-regulation of hsp47 and hsp70b (HSP72i) correlated well with concentrations of aldrin and HCH. Synergistic effects of these POPs could be responsible for the up-regulation of said hsps, although individually present in low concentration; thus, indicating synergistic effect of the POPs on hsp47 and hsp70b up-regulation as biomarker response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandrima Mitra
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Satabdi Ganguly
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | | | - Sasmita Mohanty
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT- Deemed University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Prajna Ritambhara Behera
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Rohan Kumar Raman
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Bimal Prasanna Mohanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India.
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208
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Bajocco S, Smiraglia D, Scaglione M, Raparelli E, Salvati L. Exploring the role of land degradation on agricultural land use change dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1373-1381. [PMID: 29913598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role that land-use and socioeconomic factors exert on consolidating land degradation (LD) processes is a major research issue. However, intensity and type of the impact played by LD on such land use factors is still underexplored. The present study investigates the role of LD on land-use change (LUC) trajectories of land abandonment (LA) and urban expansion (URB) in the three geographical repartitions (North, Centre, South) of Italy between 1990 and 2012, by means of the Environmental Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA). ENFA is a multivariate approach originally introduced in the analysis of animal ecology allowing to compute habitat suitability (HS) models without requiring presence/absence data. Four environmental quality indices about climate (CQI), soil (SQI), vegetation (VQI) and land management (MQI) have been analyzed for the years 1990 and 2000 and related to the trajectories of LA and URB, respectively, for the time periods 1990-2000 and 2000-2012. Empirical results have indicated that different driving forces are linked to LA and URB, and that for each trajectory, the role of some forces may change over time. Evidence shows that soil quality and low human pressure represent the main drivers of LA. By contrast, as for URB, high human pressure represented the main driving factor throughout the country, both during 1990-2000 and 2000-2012. The HS maps show the probability arrangement of LA and URB in the three geographical repartitions. Starting from this work, further research is increasingly required to implement prediction models of future LA and URB trajectories according to the current land quality status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bajocco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 2-4, IT-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - D Smiraglia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 2-4, IT-00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - M Scaglione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 2-4, IT-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - E Raparelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 2-4, IT-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - L Salvati
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Viale S. Margherita 80, IT-52100 Arezzo, Italy
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209
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Beale DJ, Crosswell J, Karpe AV, Metcalfe SS, Morrison PD, Staley C, Ahmed W, Sadowsky MJ, Palombo EA, Steven ADL. Seasonal metabolic analysis of marine sediments collected from Moreton Bay in South East Queensland, Australia, using a multi-omics-based approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1328-1341. [PMID: 29727957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic effects of urban density have altered natural ecosystems. Such changes include eutrophication of freshwater and adjoining coastal habitats, and increased levels of inorganic nutrients and pollutants into waterways. In Australia, these changes are intensified by large-scale ocean-atmospheric events, leading to considerable abiotic stress on the natural flora and fauna. Bacterial communities in marine sediments from Moreton Bay (South East Queensland, Australia) were examined in order to assess the impact of rainfall changes, chemical pollution, and subsequent abiotic stress on living organisms within a marine ecosystem. Sediments were collected during the wet and dry seasons and analyzed using bacterial metagenomics and community metabolomics techniques. Physicochemical data were also analyzed to account for biological variance that may be due to non-rainfall-based abiotic stresses. Wet-dry seasonality was the dominant control on bacterial community structure and metabolic function. Changes in the availability of nutrients, organic matter and light appeared to be the major seasonal stressors. In contrast, urban and industrial pollutants appeared to be minor stressors at the sites sampled. During the wet season, the bacterial community composition reflected organisms that utilize biogeochemical pathways with fast kinetics, such as aerobic metabolism, direct assimilation of inorganic compounds, and primary production. The transition to the dry season saw the bacterial community composition shift towards organisms that utilize more complex organic energy sources, such as carbohydrates and fatty acids, and anaerobic redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Beale
- CSIRO Land & Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - J Crosswell
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - A V Karpe
- CSIRO Land & Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - S S Metcalfe
- CSIRO Land & Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - P D Morrison
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - C Staley
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.
| | - W Ahmed
- CSIRO Land & Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - M J Sadowsky
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.
| | - E A Palombo
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - A D L Steven
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
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210
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Adverse effect of heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, and Cr) on health and their bioremediation strategies: a review. Int Microbiol 2018; 21:97-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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211
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Khan I, Khan A, Khan MS, Zafar S, Hameed A, Badshah S, Rehman SU, Ullah H, Yasmeen G. Impact of city effluents on water quality of Indus River: assessment of temporal and spatial variations in the southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:267. [PMID: 29619770 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of city effluents on water quality of Indus River was assessed in the southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples were collected in dry (DS) and wet (WS) seasons from seven sampling zones along Indus River and the physical, bacteriological, and chemical parameters determining water quality were quantified. There were marked temporal and spatial variations in the water quality of Indus River. The magnitude of pollution was high in WS compared with DS. The quality of water varied across the sampling zones, and it greatly depended upon the nature of effluents entering the river. Water samples exceeded the WHO permissible limits for pH, EC, TDS, TS, TSS, TH, DO, BOD, COD, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, and PO42-. Piper analysis indicated that water across the seven sampling zones along Indus River was alkaline in nature. Correlation analyses indicated that EC, TDS, TS, TH, DO, BOD, and COD may be considered as key physical parameters, while Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, F-, NO3-, PO42-, and SO42- as key chemical parameters determining water quality, because they were strongly correlated (r > 0.70) with most of the parameters studied. Cluster analysis indicated that discharge point at Shami Road is the major source of pollution impairing water quality of Indus River. Wastewater treatment plants must be installed at all discharge points along Indus River for protecting the quality of water of this rich freshwater resource in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Azim Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabnam Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Hameed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Badshah
- National Water Quality Laboratory, PCRWR, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- National Water Quality Laboratory, PCRWR, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Yasmeen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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212
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Rawtani D, Khatri N, Tyagi S, Pandey G. Nanotechnology-based recent approaches for sensing and remediation of pesticides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:749-762. [PMID: 29161677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are meant to control and destroy the pests and weeds. They are classified into different categories on the basis their origin and type of pest they target. Chemical pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are commonly used in agricultural fields. However, the excessive use of these agrochemicals have adverse effects on environment such as reduced population of insect pollinators, threat to endangered species and habitat of birds. Upon consumption; chemical pesticides also cause various health issues such as skin, eye and nervous system related problems and cancer upon prolonged exposure. Various techniques in the past have been developed on the basis of surface adsorption, membrane filtration and biological degradation to reduce the content of pesticides. However, slow response, less specificity and sensitivity are some of the drawbacks of such techniques. In recent times, Nanotechnology has emerged as a helping tool for the sensing and remediation of pesticides. This review focuses on the use of this technology for the detection, degradation and removal of pesticides. Nanomaterials have been classified into nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanocomposites that are commonly used for detection, degradation and removal of pesticides. The review also focuses on the chemistry behind the sensing and remediation of pesticides using nanomaterials. Different types of nanoparticles, viz. metal nanoparticles, bimetallic nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles; nanotubes such as carbon nanotubes and halloysite nanotubes have been used for the detection, degradation and removal of pesticides. Further, various enzyme-based biosensors for detection of pesticides have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rawtani
- Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nitasha Khatri
- Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Department of Forest and Environment, Sector 10B, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjiv Tyagi
- Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Department of Forest and Environment, Sector 10B, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Department of Forest and Environment, Sector 10B, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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213
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Khatri N, Tyagi S, Rawtani D. Rural environment study for water from different sources in cluster of villages in Mehsana district of Gujarat. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:10. [PMID: 29218471 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution and water scarcity are major environmental issues in rural and urban areas. They lead to decline in the quality of water, especially drinking water. Proper qualitative assessment of water is thus necessary to ensure that the water consumed is potable. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical parameters in different sources of water in rural areas and assess the quality of water through a classification system based on BIS and CPCB standards. The classification method has defined water quality in six categories, viz., A, B, C, D, E, and F depending on the levels of physicochemical parameters in the water samples. The proposed classification system was applied to nine villages in Kadi Taluka, Mehsana district of Gujarat. The water samples were collected from borewells, lakes, Narmada Canal, and sewerage systems and were analyzed as per APHA and IS methods. It was observed that most of the physicochemical parameters of Narmada Canal and borewell water fell under class A, thus making them most suitable for drinking. Further, a health camp conducted at Karannagar village, Mehsana revealed no incidents of any waterborne diseases. However, there were certain incidents of kidney stones and joint pain in few villages due to high levels of TDS. Toxic metal analysis in all the water sources revealed low to undetectable concentration of toxic metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium in all the water sources. It is also recommended that the regular treatment of the Narmada Canal water be continued to maintain its excellent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitasha Khatri
- Department of Forest and Environment, Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Office of the Director, 3rd Floor, Block no. 13, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan, Old Sachivalaya, Sector 10, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Sanjiv Tyagi
- Department of Forest and Environment, Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Office of the Director, 3rd Floor, Block no. 13, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan, Old Sachivalaya, Sector 10, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - Deepak Rawtani
- Institute of Research and Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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214
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Felix LC, Ortega VA, Goss GG. Cellular uptake and intracellular localization of poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles in a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill epithelial cell line, RTgill-W1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:58-68. [PMID: 28917946 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing production of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) for use in many agricultural, commercial, consumer, and industrial applications will lead to their accidental or intentional release into the environment. Potential routes of environmental exposure include manufacturing or transport spills, disposal of NP-containing products down the drain and/or in landfills, as well as direct usage on agricultural land. Therefore, NPs will inevitably contaminate aquatic environments and interact with resident organisms. However, there is limited information regarding the mechanisms that regulate NP transport into fish from the environment. Thus, our primary objective was to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying cellular uptake and intracellular fate of 3-9nm poly (acrylic acid) NPs loaded with the fluorescent dye Nile red using a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill epithelial cell line (RTgill-W1). In vitro measurements with NP-treated RTgill-W1 cells were carried out using a combination of laser scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescent biomarkers (transferrin, cholera toxin B subunit, and dextran), endocytosis inhibitors (chlorpromazine, genistein, and wortmannin), and stains (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Hoechst 33342, CellMask Deep Red, and LysoTracker Yellow). Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis pathways were active in RTgill-W1 cells, and these pathways were exploited by the non-cytotoxic NPs to enter these cells. We have demonstrated that NP uptake by RTgill-W1 cells was impeded when clathrin-coated pit formation was blocked by chlorpromazine. Furthermore, colocalization analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between NPs and LysoTracker Yellow-positive lysosomal compartments indicating that CME was the dominant operative mechanism involved in NP internalization by RTgill-W1 cells. Overall, our results clearly show that fish gill epithelial cells internalized NPs via energy-dependent endocytotic processes. This study enhances our understanding of complex NP-cell interactions and the results obtained in vitro imply a potential risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C Felix
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Van A Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada.
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215
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Kumar P, Thakur PK, Bansod BK, Debnath SK. Multi-criteria evaluation of hydro-geological and anthropogenic parameters for the groundwater vulnerability assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:564. [PMID: 29035418 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination assessment is a challenging task due to inherent complex dynamisms associated with the groundwater. DRASTIC is a very widely used rapid regional tool for the assessment of vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. DRASTIC has many lacunas in the form of subjectivities associated with weights and ratings of its hydro-geological parameters, and, therefore, the accuracy of the DRASTIC-based vulnerability map is questioned. The present study demonstrates the optimisation of the DRASTIC parameters along with a scientific consideration to the anthropogenic factors causing groundwater contamination. The resulting scientific consistent weights and ratings to DRASTIC parameters assist in the development of a very precise groundwater vulnerability map highlighting different zones of different gravity of contamination. One of the most important aspects of this study is that we have considered the impact of vadose zone in a very comprehensive manner by considering every sub-surface layer from the earth surface to the occurrence of groundwater. The study area for our experiment is Fatehgarh Sahib district of Punjab which is facing several groundwater issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research-CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
- Agrionics Division, Technology Block, CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
| | - Praveen K Thakur
- Water Resource Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Baban Ks Bansod
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research-CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India
- Agrionics Division, Technology Block, CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Sanjit K Debnath
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research-CSIO, Chandigarh, 160030, India
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216
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Parmar TK, Rawtani D, Agrawal YK. Bioindicators: the natural indicator of environmental pollution. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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217
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Houbraken M, Bauweraerts I, Fevery D, Van Labeke MC, Spanoghe P. Pesticide knowledge and practice among horticultural workers in the Lâm Đồng region, Vietnam: A case study of chrysanthemum and strawberries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:1001-1009. [PMID: 26855353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Vietnam, large amounts of pesticides are being used in agriculture. Next to benefits for agriculture, pesticides impose a huge threat to the environment when they are used in the wrong way. The objective of this work was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of the smallholder farmers towards the use of pesticides in Vietnam, Dà Lat region. Based on the collected data, an occupational and environmental risk assessment was performed. RESULTS The results indicate that the majority of the pesticide operators in the strawberry and chrysanthemum crops have a rather high education. Pesticide knowledge, on the other hand, is usually gained through experience with pests and diseases. Only 30% of the farmers consulted a pesticide specialist or government stewardship for information on (new) pesticide products. Pesticide usage is rather high with application frequencies up to once every three days during the wet season. Pesticide packages are stored to be incinerated (51%) or to be thrown away with the garbage/taken to the landfill (37%). Only a small percentage disposes the packages into the local river (2%). The use of personal protection equipment is well established. Occupational risk assessment showed that the re-entry worker is exposed to a high risk. CONCLUSION While a general awareness of the hazard of pesticides to human health and the environment is present, practical implementation of this awareness, however, is still limited in strawberry and chrysanthemum crop. The environmental risk evaluation indicated plant protection products of which the use should be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Houbraken
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ingvar Bauweraerts
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davina Fevery
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, In Vitro Biology and Horticulture, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium
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218
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Bhadrecha MH, Khatri N, Tyagi S. Rapid integrated water quality evaluation of Mahisagar river using benthic macroinvertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:254. [PMID: 27358997 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The water quality of Mahisagar river, near Galteshwar in Kheda district of Gujarat, India, was assessed through a rapid integrated technique by physicochemical parameters as well as benthic macroinvertebrates. Physicochemical parameters retrieved were pH, color, conductivity, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chlorides, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, ammoniacal nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, sulfates, and nitrates. The biological indices calculated were BMWP (Bio Monitoring Working Party) score or saprobic score and sequential comparison index or diversity score. In total, 37 families were encountered along the studied river stretch. The findings indicate that the water quality of Mahisagar river at sampled locations is “slightly polluted.” Moreover, the results of physicochemical analysis are also in consonance with the biological water quality criteria developed by Central Pollution Control Board.
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