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Makiyama A, Sukawa Y, Kashiwada T, Kawada J, Hosokawa A, Horie Y, Tsuji A, Moriwaki T, Tanioka H, Shinozaki K, Uchino K, Yasui H, Tsukuda H, Nishikawa K, Ishida H, Yamanaka T, Yamazaki K, Hironaka S, Esaki T, Boku N, Hyodo I, Muro K. Randomized, Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Beyond Progression in Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: WJOG7112G (T-ACT Study). J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:1919-1927. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the continuous use of trastuzumab beyond progression (TBP) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with HER2-positive advanced G/GEJ cancer refractory to first-line chemotherapy with trastuzumab in combination with fluoropyrimidine and platinum were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to the paclitaxel (80 mg/m2, days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks) or paclitaxel with trastuzumab (PT; initially 8 mg/kg followed by 6 mg/kg, every 3 weeks) arms. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety. Biomarkers such as HER2 expression status in tumor tissue after first-line treatment, HER2 amplification evaluated in serum cell-free DNA, and soluble HER2 levels were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 91 patients were allocated to the paclitaxel (n = 46) and PT (n = 45) arms. The median PFS in the paclitaxel and PT arms was 3.2 and 3.7 months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 80% CI, 0.67 to 1.22; P = .33), and the median OS in both arms was 10 months (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.75 to 2.0; P = .20). The overall response rates in the paclitaxel and PT arms were 32% and 33%, respectively ( P = 1.00), and safety was comparable between the 2 arms. On exploratory analyses, HER2 positivity of tumor tissues was lost after first-line chemotherapy in 11 (69%) of 16 patients whose tumor tissues were available, and circulating HER2 DNA amplification was detected in 41 (60%) of 68 patients. However, no biomarkers associated with efficacy of TBP were found. CONCLUSION The TBP strategy failed to improve PFS in patients with HER2-positive advanced G/GEJ cancer, and no beneficial biomarkers were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Makiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka; and Cancer Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kashiwada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Junji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Kaizuka City Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hosokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horie
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihito Tsuji
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Moriwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shinozaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Uchino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yasui
- Department of GI Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukuda
- Department of Oncology, Izumi City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Health Organization, Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Clinical Trial Coordination Unit and Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hironaka
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Taito Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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202
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Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4012. [PMID: 32512697 PMCID: PMC7312039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is a multifactorial disease, where both environmental and genetic factors can have an impact on its occurrence and development. The incidence rate of GC rises progressively with age; the median age at diagnosis is 70 years. However, approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas are detected at the age of 45 or younger. Early-onset gastric cancer is a good model to study genetic alterations related to the carcinogenesis process, as young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the progressive development of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of various genes, which are responsible for the occurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Machlowska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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203
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Al‐Batran S, Moorahrend E, Maintz C, Goetze TO, Hempel D, Thuss‐Patience P, Gaillard VE, Hegewisch‐Becker S. Clinical Practice Observation of Trastuzumab in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1181-e1187. [PMID: 32311799 PMCID: PMC7418356 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The observational study HerMES collected primary data on effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive cancer of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) in routine clinical practice, exploring the treatment with trastuzumab, chemotherapy backbones used, and the HER2 testing in a real‐world setting in Germany. Subjects, Materials, and Methods This noninterventional study observed patients with histologically confirmed, HER2‐positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or GEJ, who were treated with trastuzumab according to the physicians’ judgement and clinical practice. The observation phase per patient took as long as the duration of the trastuzumab therapy, but for a maximum of 12 months. A subsequent extended follow‐up phase lasted until the patient's death or the end of the study, that is, 2 years from start of the follow‐up phase of the last patient. All data were analyzed descriptively. Results Between February 2010 and July 2016, 364 patients were observed at 171 sites throughout Germany. The median overall survival was 14.1 months and the median progression‐free survival was 7.9 months. The overall response rate was 43%. Safety was in line with previous reports. This study observed a high diversity of chemotherapy regimens that were combined with trastuzumab. Post hoc subgroup analyses showed differences in outcomes according to the chemotherapy regimen used. Conclusion Trastuzumab treatment in everyday practice as observed in HerMES confirmed the positive results of the pivotal study ToGA in an observational, real‐world setting. Implications for Practice Real‐world data of trastuzumab treatment of patients with gastroesophageal or gastric metastatic adenocarcinoma confirmed the positive results of the pivotal clinical trial. The observed median overall survival was 14.1 months and the median progression‐free survival was 7.9 months. Although recommendations concerning administration of trastuzumab were well implemented, a high diversity of chemotherapy regimens were combined with trastuzumab. Regimens other than the in‐label regimens, especially oxaliplatin‐based doublets or 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, taxane triplets, were used in 29% of patients. Observation of a second, marginal HER2‐positivity population confirmed the benefit of trastuzumab predominantly for well‐confirmed human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive tumors and the requirement of reliable HER2 testing. This article reports the results of the HerMES study on the use of trastuzumab for patients with gastric and gastro‐esophageal junction carcinoma in a real‐world setting in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah‐Eddin Al‐Batran
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institute of Clinical Cancer Research (IKF)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Enno Moorahrend
- Zentrum für Hämatologie und Onkologie MVZ GmbHPorta WestfalicaGermany
| | | | - Thorsten O. Goetze
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institute of Clinical Cancer Research (IKF)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Dirk Hempel
- Onkologisches Zentrum DonauwörthDonauwörthGermany
| | - Peter Thuss‐Patience
- Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt HämatologieCampus Virchow‐KlinikumBerlinGermany
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204
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Li Z, Liu Z, Shao Z, Li C, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Tan B, Liu Y. Identifying multiple collagen gene family members as potential gastric cancer biomarkers using integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9123. [PMID: 32509452 PMCID: PMC7255341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Despite substantial developments in therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate remains low. Therefore, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets involved in the progression of gastric tumors need to be identified. Methods We obtained the mRNA microarray datasets GSE65801, GSE54129 and GSE79973 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to acquire differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to analyze DEG pathways and functions, and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Next, we validated the hub gene expression levels using the Oncomine database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and conducted stage expression and survival analysis. Results From the three microarray datasets, we identified nine major hub genes: COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, COL4A1, FN1, COL5A1, COL4A2, and COL6A3. Conclusion Our study identified COL1A1 and COL1A2 as potential gastric cancer prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Li
- The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Bibo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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205
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Significance of HER2 and Ki-67 in Preneoplastic Lesions and Carcinoma of Gallbladder. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 50:848-854. [PMID: 30155833 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 is an oncoprotein which is overexpressed in several cancers including breast and stomach. Several studies have shown that HER2 is overexpressed in gallbladder cancer and in precancerous lesions. The present study was undertaken to assess pattern and level of expression of HER2 in metaplasia, dysplasia, and different stages of gallbladder carcinoma, which would determine its suitability as a prognostic biomarker in neoplastic transformation of gallbladder epithelium. The study was also aimed at to find the significance of Ki-67 index in these lesions. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred and twenty-eight patients who underwent cholecystectomy comprised the study group. Among them, 108 (84.4%) specimens showing metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma on routine histopathology were considered as cases and 20 (15.6%) specimens of chronic cholecystitis having non-metaplastic mucosa were considered as control. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for HER2 and Ki-67. For HER2 interpretation ASCO/CAP guideline for breast cancer was followed. Chi-square test was used to find out the significance of HER2 expression in dysplasia/metaplasia/carcinoma. The ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test were used for determining the association of Ki-67 with malignant transformation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of HER2 was observed in 48% (n = 12) of adenocarcinomas, 58% (n = 7) of high-grade dysplasia, 47% (n = 8) of low-grade dysplasia, and 74% (n = 25) of intestinal metaplasia. Ki-67 index increases in a non-linear fashion as the precursor lesions progress toward malignancy. In the future, these markers might be used as a prognostic biomarker for gallbladder carcinoma and its precursor lesions and it might become a valid indication for targeted therapies for gallbladder cancer.
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206
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Wu JQ, Fan RY, Zhang SR, Li CY, Shen LZ, Wei P, He ZH, He MF. A systematical comparison of anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer efficacy of ramucirumab, apatinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib in zebrafish model. Life Sci 2020; 247:117402. [PMID: 32035930 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a useful strategy for the treatment of advanced GC. This study was aimed to systemically compare the anti-angiogenesis, anti-cancer efficacy, as well as the safety of four known anti-angiogenic drugs, namely ramucirumab, apatinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib. MAIN METHODS Anti-angiogenic effect was evaluated for the intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and subintestinal veins (SIVs) formation in the Tg (fli-1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos. Anti-cancer efficacy was tested for the in vivo cell proliferation in cell line derived tumor xenograft (CDX) model based on Tg (fli-1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos. KEY FINDINGS All four drugs exhibited anti-angiogenic abilities and tumor inhibition effects in fli-1: EGFP transgenic zebrafish. Using zebrafish xenografted model, we found that effectiveness of ramucirumab in anti-GC-proliferation is better than apatinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib. The combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and cisplatin showed no significant benefit in tumors. Meanwhile, toxicity assay showed that all tested anti-angiogenic drugs could cause cardiovascular-related side effects. The therapeutic index (LD50/ED50) of cabozantinib is higher than apatinib and regorafenib, suggesting a potential as an anti-GC drug. SIGNIFICANCE The comparison of GC-related anti-angiogenic drugs was first reported. It was found that cabozantinib had a potential as an anti-GC drug. Zebrafish model was an ideal animal model for the research of anti-angiogenic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shi-Ru Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chong-Yong Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Li-Zong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pin Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Heng He
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT06511, USA
| | - Ming-Fang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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207
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Han S, Park S, An J, Yang JY, Chung JW, Kim YJ, Kim KO, Park DK, Kwon KA, Lee WK, Nam S, Kim JH. HER2 as a potential biomarker of lymph node metastasis in undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5270. [PMID: 32210254 PMCID: PMC7093413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is implicated in several cancers, including gastric cancer. However, limited data are available regarding its clinical significance in early gastric cancer (EGC). We evaluated the clinical significance of HER2 overexpression in patients with EGC. We retrospectively reviewed 727 patients who underwent surgical treatment for EGC between October 2010 and August 2017. HER2 expression was analysed in 680 EGC cases by immunohistochemistry and classified as negative (0 and 1+), equivocal (2+), or positive [overexpression (3+)]. Among patients with differentiated EGC, the number of patients with HER2 overexpression was not significantly different from that of HER2-negative patients in terms of age, sex, tumour size, location, gross type, depth of invasion, presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, in patients with undifferentiated EGC, HER2 overexpression was significantly correlated with LVI and presence of LNM compared with HER2-negative patients. Multivariate analysis indicated HER2 overexpression as a good predictive marker of LNM in patients with undifferentiated EGC. HER2 expression is associated with LNM in undifferentiated EGC. Therefore, the importance of HER2 overexpression in EGC should not be overlooked, and further studies are needed to identify its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsuk An
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang An Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Kee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Advanced Institute of Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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208
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Lan J, Lu Y, Guan Y, Chang L, Yu Z, Qian H. Identification of circulating tumor DNA using a targeted 545-gene next generation sequencing panel in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2251-2257. [PMID: 32194723 PMCID: PMC7039113 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by unique genetic aberrations. Some of these mutations may be used to predict tumor prognosis or to guide patient therapy. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been considered a promising alternative to biopsy to identify genome aberrations. However, no standardized methods to detect ctDNA variations in patients with GC are currently available. In the present study, the targeted sequencing of 545 genes was used to identify somatic alterations in tissues and matched plasma samples of nine patients with GC. Driver gene mutations were detected in matched tissues and plasma ctDNA. The mutated reads concordance rate of ctDNA in GC tissues with matched tissues was 45%. A true positive copy number gain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in plasma from patients with GC was identified. Furthermore, the ctDNA fraction in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was positively correlated with metastasis lymph node number and with lactate dehydrogenase level. In conclusion, results from the present study suggested that targeted sequencing of plasma ctDNA may be considered a potential option for the clinical monitoring of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Lu
- Research and Development Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Guan
- Research and Development Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lianpeng Chang
- Research and Development Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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209
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68Ga-ZHER2 PET/CT Reveals HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer With Better Image Quality Than 18F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:e101-e102. [PMID: 31833926 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 40-year-old woman with suspected recurrent HER2-positive gastric cancer underwent both F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-ZHER2 PET/CT. Both scans revealed multiple lesions in bones and the left supraclavicular lymph node. Compared with F-FDG, Ga-ZHER2 PET/CT showed better image contrast, especially in the bone lesions.
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210
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Kim B, Nam SK, Seo SH, Park KU, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kim WH, Lee HS. Comparative analysis of HER2 copy number between plasma and tissue samples in gastric cancer using droplet digital PCR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4177. [PMID: 32144300 PMCID: PMC7060190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we measured the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) copy number in both tissue and plasma samples of gastric cancer patients by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) method. Eighty gastric cancer patients were enrolled and both formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue and preoperative plasma samples were collected. HER2 status was determined by HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC)/silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in tissue samples and ddPCR of the target gene HER2 and the reference gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1 in both tissue and plasma. The concordance rate of tissue HER2 status determined by IHC/SISH and HER2 ddPCR was 90.0% (72/80), and the sensitivity and specificity of tissue ddPCR were 85.0% and 95.0%, respectively. The concordance rate of plasma ddPCR and IHC/SISH was 63.8% (51/80). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of plasma HER2 ddPCR were 37.5%, 90.0%, 79.0%, and 59.0%, respectively. As HER2 measurement by tissue ddPCR showed a high concordance rate with HER2 status by IHC/SISH, it could replace tissue IHC/SISH testing in gastric cancer. These findings may contribute to the development of tissue and plasma HER2 testing that would be useful in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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211
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Puhr HC, Pablik E, Berghoff AS, Jomrich G, Schoppmann SF, Preusser M, Ilhan-Mutlu A. Viennese risk prediction score for Advanced Gastroesophageal carcinoma based on Alarm Symptoms (VAGAS score): characterisation of alarm symptoms in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer and its correlation with outcome. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000623. [PMID: 32188713 PMCID: PMC7078766 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognostic value of symptoms at disease presentation of advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterise these symptoms and correlate them with the outcome, so new prognostic markers can be defined. METHODS We analysed clinical data including symptoms, therapies and survival of patients with stage IV gastro-oesophageal cancer treated between 2002 and 2018 at the Vienna General Hospital, Austria. Initial symptoms as well as stenosis in endoscopy and HER2 positivity were evaluated in a cross-validation model to ascertain the impact of each variable on patient survival. RESULTS In total, 258 patients were evaluated. Five factors (stenosis in endoscopy, weight loss, HER2 positivity, dyspepsia, ulcer or active bleeding) have proven to be statistically relevant prognostic factors and were given a count of +1 and -1, if applicable. The resulting score ranges between -3 and +2. The survival probability for 180 days with a score of -3/-2, -1, 0, +1 and +2 is 90%, 80%, 73%, 72% and 42%, whereas for 2 years, it is 30%, 30%, 8%, 7% and 3%, respectively. The median overall survival of a score of -3/-2, -1, 0, +1 and +2 was 579 (95% CI 274 to not measurable), 481 (95% CI 358 to 637), 297 (95% CI 240 to 346), 284 (95% CI 205 to 371), 146 (95% CI 120 to 229) days, respectively. CONCLUSION The data from this retrospective study indicate that the Viennese risk prediction score for Advanced Gastroesophageal carcinoma based on Alarm Symptoms score provides independent prognostic information that may support clinical decision making at diagnosis of advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer. Our findings should be evaluated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Christina Puhr
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gastroesophageal Tumors Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria, Austria
| | - Eleonore Pablik
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Gerd Jomrich
- Gastroesophageal Tumors Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Schoppmann
- Gastroesophageal Tumors Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gastroesophageal Tumors Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria, Austria
| | - Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gastroesophageal Tumors Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria, Austria
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212
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Emerging Targeted Therapies for HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer That Can Overcome Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020400. [PMID: 32050652 PMCID: PMC7072407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has improved survival in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (AGC). The inevitable development of resistance to trastuzumab remains a problem, however, with several treatment strategies that have proven effective in breast cancer having failed to show clinical benefit in AGC. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and outline past and current challenges in the treatment of HER2-positive AGC refractory to trastuzumab. We further describe novel agents such as HER2 antibody-drug conjugates that are under development and have shown promising antitumor activity in early studies.
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213
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Cheng X, Fan K, Wang L, Ying X, Sanders AJ, Guo T, Xing X, Zhou M, Du H, Hu Y, Ding H, Li Z, Wen X, Jiang W, Yan X, Ji J. TfR1 binding with H-ferritin nanocarrier achieves prognostic diagnosis and enhances the therapeutic efficacy in clinical gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32024821 PMCID: PMC7002446 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
H-ferritin (HFn) nanocarrier is emerging as a promising theranostic platform for tumor diagnosis and therapy, which can specifically target tumor cells via binding transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). This led us to investigate the therapeutic function of TfR1 in GC. The clinical significance of TfR1 was assessed in 178 GC tissues by using a magneto-HFn nanoparticle-based immunohistochemistry method. The therapeutic effects of doxorubicin-loaded HFn nanocarriers (HFn-Dox) were evaluated on TfR1-positive GC patient-derived xenograft (GC-PDX) models. The biological function of TfR1 was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. TfR1 was upregulated (73.03%) in GC tissues, and reversely correlated with patient outcome. TfR1-negative sorted cells exhibited tumor-initiating features, which enhanced tumor formation and migration/invasion, whereas TfR1-positive sorted cells showed significant proliferation ability. Knockout of TfR1 in GC cells also enhanced cell invasion. TfR1-deficient cells displayed immune escape by upregulating PD-L1, CXCL9, and CXCL10, when disposed with IFN-γ. Western blot results demonstrated that TfR1-knockout GC cells upregulated Akt and STAT3 signaling. Moreover, in TfR1-positive GC-PDX models, the HFn-Dox group significantly inhibited tumor growth, and increased mouse survival, compared with that of free-Dox group. TfR1 could be a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for GC: (i) TfR1 reversely correlated with patient outcome, and its negative cells possessed tumor-aggressive features; (ii) TfR1-positive cells can be killed by HFn drug nanocarrier. Given the heterogeneity of GC, HFn drug nanocarrier combined with other therapies toward TfR1-negative cells (such as small molecules or immunotherapy) will be a new option for GC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoferritins/chemistry
- Apoferritins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Nanoparticles
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Theranostic Nanomedicine
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Cheng
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangji Ying
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Department of Biobank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Ding
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xianzi Wen
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguo Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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214
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Afshari F, Soleyman-Jahi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Roviello G, Rezaei N. The promising role of monoclonal antibodies for gastric cancer treatment. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:347-364. [PMID: 30678552 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death world-wide. Despite improvements in prevention, early detection and various therapeutic options, the prognosis is still poor. GC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with survivals less than 1 year. Chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment in advanced stage is not of notable advantages, underlining the need for novel more effective therapeutic options. Based on current knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms, a number of novel biologic approaches such as monoclonal antibodies have been recently introduced for cancer treatment that mainly affect the immune system or target signaling pathways playing role in cancer and metastasis development. In this review, various monoclonal antibodies for GC therapy were explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afshari
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Soleyman-Jahi
- Digestive Diseases Research Cores Center, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, USA.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), St. Louis, USA.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Via Nenni 20, Arezzo, Italy.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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215
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Zhang L, Jing D, Jiang N, Rojalin T, Baehr CM, Zhang D, Xiao W, Wu Y, Cong Z, Li JJ, Li Y, Wang L, Lam KS. Transformable peptide nanoparticles arrest HER2 signalling and cause cancer cell death in vivo. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:145-153. [PMID: 31988501 PMCID: PMC7147967 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in >20% of breast cancers. Dimerization of HER2 receptors leads to the activation of downstream signals enabling the proliferation and survival of malignant phenotypes. Owing to the high expression levels of HER2, combination therapies are currently required for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Here, we designed non-toxic transformable peptides that self-assemble into micelles under aqueous conditions but, on binding to HER2 on cancer cells, transform into nanofibrils that disrupt HER2 dimerization and subsequent downstream signalling events leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. The phase transformation of peptides enables specific HER2 targeting, and inhibition of HER2 dimerization blocks the expression of proliferation and survival genes in the nucleus. We demonstrate, in mouse xenofraft models, that these transformable peptides can be used as a monotherapy in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Baehr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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216
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Li Y, Cheng Z, Gevaert O, He L, Huang Y, Chen X, Huang X, Wu X, Zhang W, Dong M, Huang J, Huang Y, Xia T, Liang C, Liu Z. A CT-based radiomics nomogram for prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in patients with gastric cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2020; 32:62-71. [PMID: 32194306 PMCID: PMC7072015 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram for predicting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 134 patients with gastric cancer (HER2-negative: n=87; HER2-positive: n=47) from April 2013 to March 2018, who were then randomly divided into training (n=94) and validation (n=40) cohorts. Radiomics features were obtained from the CT images showing gastric cancer. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was utilized for building the radiomics signature. A multivariable logistic regression method was applied to develop a prediction model incorporating the radiomics signature and independent clinicopathologic risk predictors, which were then visualized as a radiomics nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was assessed in the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS The radiomics signature was significantly associated with HER2 status in both training (P<0.001) and validation (P=0.023) cohorts. The prediction model that incorporated the radiomics signature and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level demonstrated good discriminative performance for HER2 status prediction, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.799 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.704-0.894] in the training cohort and 0.771 (95% CI: 0.607-0.934) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve of the radiomics nomogram also showed good calibration. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiomics nomogram was useful. CONCLUSIONS We built and validated a radiomics nomogram with good performance for HER2 status prediction in gastric cancer. This radiomics nomogram could serve as a non-invasive tool to predict HER2 status and guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexing Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zixuan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Lan He
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mengyi Dong
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yucun Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519055, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Changhong Liang, PhD. Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Graduate College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Zaiyi Liu, PhD. Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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217
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Lee PC, Chen ST, Kuo TC, Lin TC, Lin MC, Huang J, Hung JS, Hsu CL, Juan HF, Lee PH, Huang MC. C1GALT1 is associated with poor survival and promotes soluble Ephrin A1-mediated cell migration through activation of EPHA2 in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2724-2740. [PMID: 32005975 PMCID: PMC7098884 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C1GALT1 controls the crucial step of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and is associated with both physiologic and pathologic conditions, including cancers. EPH receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and modulate a diverse range of developmental processes and human diseases. However, the role of C1GALT1 in the signaling of EPH receptors remains largely overlooked. Here, we showed that C1GALT1 high expression in gastric adenocarcinomas correlated with adverse clinicopathologic features and is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Silencing or loss of C1GALT1 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, as well as increased apoptosis and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in AGS and MKN45 cells. Phospho-RTK array and western blot analysis showed that C1GALT1 depletion suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of EPHA2 induced by soluble Ephrin A1-Fc. O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Furthermore, depletion of C1GALT1 decreased Ephrin A1-Fc induced migration and reduced Ephrin A1 binding to cell surfaces. The effects of C1GALT1 knockdown or knockout on cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo were phenocopied by EPHA2 knockdown in gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that C1GALT1 promotes phosphorylation of EPHA2 and enhances soluble Ephrin A1-mediated migration primarily by modifying EPHA2 O-glycosylation. Our study highlights the importance of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation in EPH receptor-regulated diseases and identifies C1GALT1 as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chu Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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218
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Martinson HA, Mallari D, Richter C, Wu TT, Tiesinga J, Alberts SR, Olnes MJ. Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer among Alaska Native People. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010198. [PMID: 31941061 PMCID: PMC7016562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy that often varies in presentation and disease among racial and ethnic groups. The Alaska Native (AN) people have the highest incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in North America. This study examines molecular markers in solid tumor samples from eighty-five AN gastric adenocarcinoma patients using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization analysis. AN patients have a low mutation burden with fewer somatic gene mutations in their tumors compared to other populations, with the most common mutation being TP53. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was associated with 20% of AN gastric cancers, which is higher than the world average of 10%. The inflammation marker, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is highly expressed in patients with the lowest survival rates. Mismatch repair deficiency was present in 10% of AN patients and was associated with patients who were female, 50 years or older, gene mutations, and tumors in the distal stomach. Program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was expressed in 14% of AN patients who were more likely to have MMR deficiency, EBV-associated gastric cancers, and mutations in the PIK3CA gene, all of which have been linked to clinical response to PD-1 inhibitors. These studies suggest a portion of AN gastric cancer patients could be candidates for immunotherapy. Overall, this study highlights future avenues of investigation for clinical and translational studies, so that we can improve early detection and develop more effective treatments for AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-907-786-4672
| | - Dominic Mallari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Christine Richter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Tsung-Teh Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - James Tiesinga
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Alaska Native Medical Center, 4315 Diplomacy Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Steven R. Alberts
- Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Olnes
- Oncology and Hematology, Alaska Native Medical Center, 4315 Diplomacy Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
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Barok M, Le Joncour V, Martins A, Isola J, Salmikangas M, Laakkonen P, Joensuu H. ARX788, a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, shows anti-tumor effects in preclinical models of trastuzumab emtansine-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 473:156-163. [PMID: 31904483 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The majority of HER2-positive breast or gastric cancers treated with T-DM1 eventually show resistance to this agent. We compared the effects of T-DM1 and ARX788, a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, on cell growth and apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer cell lines sensitive to T-DM1, gastric cancer cell lines resistant to T-DM1, HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines, and T-DM1-resistant xenograft models. ARX788 was effective in T-DM1-resistant in vitro and in vivo models of HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer. ARX788 showed a pronounced growth inhibitory effect on all five HER2-positive cell lines tested, of which two gastric cancer cell lines had acquired resistance to T-DM1. ARX788 evoked more apoptotic events compared to T-DM1. While JIMT-1 and RN-87 xenograft tumors progressed on T-DM1 treatment, all such tumors responded to ARX788, and four out of the six JIMT-1 tumors and nine out of the twelve RN-87 tumors disappeared during the ARX788 treatment. Mice treated with ARX788 survived longer than those treated with T-DM1. The data support evaluation of ARX788 in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer or gastric cancer including cancers that progress during T-DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barok
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00290, Finland.
| | - Vadim Le Joncour
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ana Martins
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jorma Isola
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marko Salmikangas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00290, Finland.
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory Animal Center, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00290, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00029, Finland.
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220
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Chen G, Yue P, Li Y. Upregulation of lncRNA SUMO1P3 promotes proliferation, invasion and drug resistance in gastric cancer through interacting with the CNBP protein. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6006-6016. [PMID: 35497433 PMCID: PMC9049591 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one type of the most common malignancies in the world. In the process of exploring the pathological mechanism of GC and searching for treatment methods, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display significant participation. Small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3 (SUMO1P3) is a newly identified lncRNA, of which the biological role and underlying mechanism in GC progression have not been elucidated. Here, through the comparisons between GC patients' tumor and normal tissue samples, as well as normal gastric mucosal and GC cell lines, we confirmed a significant upregulation of SUMO1P3 in GC tissues and cell lines. Meanwhile, significant upregulation of SUMO1P3 was observed in advanced GC patients, and patients with high level of SUMO1P3 displayed a poor survival rate. Next, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed in GC cells, and the results exhibited that SUMO1P3 positively regulated proliferation and invasion of GC cells. Then, we constructed drug-resistant GC cell strains and explore the role of SUMO1P3 in the resistance of GC cells to cisplatin (DDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Finally, bioinformatics analysis and RNA pull-down assay demonstrated that SUMO1P3 could directly interact with cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), thus positively regulating CNBP downstream oncogenes c-myc and cyclin D1 (CCND1). Our findings indicate that SUMO1P3 promotes proliferation, invasion and drug resistance of GC cells by interacting with CNBP, which reveals a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for GC. Gastric cancer (GC) is one type of the most common malignancies in the world.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmou Guo
- The First Ward
- Department of Oncology
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
| | - Yali Ma
- The First Ward
- Department of Oncology
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
| | - Gongbin Chen
- The First Ward
- Department of Oncology
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
| | - Peiru Yue
- The First Ward
- Department of Oncology
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
| | - Yang Li
- The First Ward
- Department of Oncology
- The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City
- Shangqiu 476100
- China
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOMARKERS AND EARLY DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS 2020:191-211. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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222
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Nishimura T, Mitsunaga M, Ito K, Kobayashi H, Saruta M. Cancer neovasculature-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) for gastric cancer: different mechanisms of phototoxicity compared to cell membrane-targeted NIR-PIT. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:82-94. [PMID: 31302791 PMCID: PMC8189161 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) constitutes a new class of molecular-targeted theranostics utilizing monoclonal antibody (mAb)-photosensitizer conjugates and NIR light. In this study, we developed a new type of NIR-PIT targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expressed on vascular endothelium in an experimental gastric cancer model and evaluated the feasibility by comparing conventional NIR-PIT targeting cancer cell membrane in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HER2-positive human gastric cancer cells, NCI-N87, were used for the experiments. Anti-HER2 mAb, trastuzumab and anti-VEGFR-2 mAb, DC101 were conjugated to photosensitizer, IR700. Phototoxicity in response to NIR-PIT were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Microvessel densities, as an indicator of angiogenesis, were counted in harvested xenografts after NIR-PIT to elucidate the mechanism. RESULTS DC101-IR700 did not induce phototoxic effect in vitro because of the absence of expression of VEGFR-2 in NCI-N87 cancer cells. However, it induced an antitumor effect in NCI-N87 xenograft tumors accompanied with damage in tumor neovasculature as determined by decreasing tumor microvessel density, which represents a different mechanism than that of conventional NIR-PIT targeting antigens expressed on the tumor cell membrane. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a new approach of NIR-PIT utilizing a target on vascular endothelium, such as VEGFR-2, and this treatment might lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Makoto Mitsunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B69, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Ye DM, Xu G, Ma W, Li Y, Luo W, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Significant function and research progress of biomarkers in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:17-29. [PMID: 31897111 PMCID: PMC6924079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumor types, and the incidence and mortality rates are higher in men compared with women. Various studies have revealed that gastric cancer is a spectrum of tumor types, which have biological and genetic diversity. It has proven to be difficult to improve the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric cancer through the use of traditional surgery and chemoradiation, as gastric cancer is usually identified at an advanced stage. In consequence, the outcome is frequently poor. Thus, novel biomarkers and anticancer targets are required to improve the outcome. As the identification of biomarkers has increased due to advances in research and the greater availability of bioinformatics and functional genomics, the potential therapeutic regimens available have also increased concurrently. These advances have also improved the ability to predict responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, whilst other biomarkers predict post-treatment survival and recurrence based on their expression. This review focuses closely on the important functions of biomarkers in the timely diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, in addition to the advances in the study of certain novel markers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gaosheng Xu
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiru Luo
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Xiao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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MANO H. Cancer genomic medicine in Japan. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:316-321. [PMID: 32788553 PMCID: PMC7443380 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cancer research have revolutionized the way cancer is diagnosed and treated. Any cancer is now known to be an amalgamation of many subtypes, each carrying its specific cancer-causing gene or oncogene. It is also evident that a given oncogene is often present across a wide range of cancer subtypes, albeit at different frequencies. These lines of information have brought cancer genomic medicine (CGM) to the clinic, where genetic information is used to optimize therapeutic intervention. In 2017, the Expert Meeting for Cancer Genomic Medicine Promotion Consortium in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan submitted a blueprint for the CGM platform in Japan. Accordingly, the MHLW designated a total of 206 hospitals that conduct cancer gene panel testing under the national health insurance system and established the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics to store genomic/clinical information of cancer patients. Since June 2019, the CGM officially started in Japan.
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Hescheler DA, Plum PS, Zander T, Quaas A, Korenkov M, Gassa A, Michel M, Bruns CJ, Alakus H. Identification of targeted therapy options for gastric adenocarcinoma by comprehensive analysis of genomic data. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:627-638. [PMID: 32107691 PMCID: PMC7305081 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far only trastuzumab, pembrolizumab and ramucirumab have been approved by the FDA for targeted therapy in gastric cancer (GC). Here we report on potential targeted therapy options for gastric adenocarcinoma based on a novel analysis of "The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)" database. METHODS One hundred two FDA-approved targeted cancer drugs were compiled and molecular targets defined. Drugs were considered as potentially effective if targeted genes showed (1) an increase in copy number, (2) gain of function with oncogene activation, (3) specific alterations responsive to approved drugs. Additionally, genetic changes that confer drug resistance and/or sensitivity were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty percentage of patients with GC may be treatable with non-GC but FDA-approved targeted cancer therapies. The major drug identified in our in silico study for GC is copanlisib, a PI3K inhibitor. In the TCGA patient database, our genetically based drug response prediction identified more patients with alterations sensitive to copanlisib compared to the already-GC-approved drug trastuzumab (20%, 78 out of 393 patients, vs. trastuzumab: 13%, 52 of 393 patients), which is mainly due to the high incidence of PIK3CA gain of function mutations within mutation hot spots. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that various currently FDA-approved drugs might be candidates for targeted therapy of GC. For clinical trials, cancer patients should be selected based on the genomic profile of their tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Hescheler
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick S. Plum
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Korenkov
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asmae Gassa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany ,Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), University Hospital of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
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226
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Zhao S, Shao L, Wang Y, Meng Q, Yu J. Ketamine exhibits anti-gastric cancer activity via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1140-1149. [PMID: 32864003 PMCID: PMC7444715 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the most widespread type of cancer after lung and liver cancer in men and after breast cancer in women. Thus, the present study was intended to evaluate the effect of ketamine (KET) on gastric cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of KET was analyzed in vitro by the MTT assay against human gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28. The effect KET on apoptosis, cell migration and cell cycle arrest was also quantified. Western blot analysis was performed to estimate the effect of KET on apoptosis mediators and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mediators. A mouse xenograft assay was also conducted to further confirm the anticancer activity. RESULTS KET causes reduction of cellular viability of BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28, with a more significant effect against BGC-823 cells. The KET treatment showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic cells among BGC-823 cells. KET causes a significant dose-dependent decline in migration of treated cells. It causes induction of apoptosis mediated via the mitochondrial pathway, where it causes a decline in Bcl2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c level together with increase in expression of Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c and cytosolic apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). The level of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, p-GSK3β and p-AKT was found to be downregulated in a dose-dependent manner in KET-treated cells. In a mouse xenograft model, KET causes a reduction in relative tumour volume and tumour weight. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ketamine has the ability to inhibit progression of gastric cancer via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Spinal, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Jinning Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
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227
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Dijksterhuis WPM, Verhoeven RHA, Meijer SL, Slingerland M, Haj Mohammad N, de Vos-Geelen J, Beerepoot LV, van Voorthuizen T, Creemers GJ, van Oijen MGH, van Laarhoven HWM. Increased assessment of HER2 in metastatic gastroesophageal cancer patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:579-590. [PMID: 31927675 PMCID: PMC7305095 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addition of trastuzumab to first-line palliative chemotherapy in gastroesophageal cancer patients with HER2 overexpression has shown to improve survival. Real-world data on HER2 assessment and administration of trastuzumab are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess HER2 testing, trastuzumab administration, and overall survival (OS) in a nationwide cohort of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer patients. METHODS Data of patients with synchronous metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 2010-2016 that received palliative systemic treatment (n = 2846) were collected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and Dutch Pathology Registry. The ToGA trial criteria were used to determine HER2 overexpression. Proportions of HER2 tested patients were analyzed between hospital volume categories using Chi-square tests, and over time using trend analysis. OS was tested using the Kaplan Meier method with log rank test. RESULTS HER2 assessment increased annually, from 18% in 2010 to 88% in 2016 (P < 0.01). Median OS increased from 6.9 (2010-2013) to 7.9 months (2014-2016; P < 0.05). Between the hospitals, the proportion of tested patients varied between 29-100%, and was higher in high-volume hospitals (P < 0.01). Overall, 77% of the HER2 positive patients received trastuzumab. Median OS was higher in patients with positive (8.8 months) and negative (7.4 months) HER2 status, compared to non-tested patients (5.6 months; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased determination of HER2 and administration of trastuzumab have changed daily practice management of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer patients receiving palliative systemic therapy, and possibly contributed to their improved survival. Further increase in awareness of HER2 testing and trastuzumab administration may improve quality of care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemieke P. M. Dijksterhuis
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.470266.10000 0004 0501 9982Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob H. A. Verhoeven
- grid.470266.10000 0004 0501 9982Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens V. Beerepoot
- grid.416373.4Department of Medical Oncology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van Voorthuizen
- grid.415930.aDepartment of Medical Oncology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Creemers
- grid.413532.20000 0004 0398 8384Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G. H. van Oijen
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.470266.10000 0004 0501 9982Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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228
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOMARKERS AND EARLY DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS 2020:191-211. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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229
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhuang X, Weng G, Fan J, Yang X, Xu Y, Pan L, Hou T, Zhou Z, Chen S. Identification of an Activating Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of HER2 Conferring Resistance to Pertuzumab. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11597-11608. [PMID: 31920346 PMCID: PMC6941612 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant expression of HER2 is highly associated with tumour occurrence and metastasis, therefore HER2 is extensively targeted for tumour immunotherapy. For example, trastuzumab and pertuzumab are FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies that target HER2-positive tumour cells. Despite their advances in clinical applications, emerging resistance to these two HER2-targeting antibodies has hindered their further application. Somatic mutations in HER2 receptor have been identified as one of the major reasons for resistance to anti-HER2 antibodies. Methods We analysed the frequency of somatic mutations in various tumour types based on TCGA and COSMIC databases. Then, the effect of the most frequent mutation (S310F) on the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 was analysed by molecular modelling analysis. The effect of the S310F mutation was further evaluated through multiple in vitro binding experiments and antitumour activity assays. Results We found through bioinformatics analysis that S310F, an activating mutation in the HER2 extracellular domain, was the most frequent mutation in HER2. The S310F mutation was shown to confer resistance of HER2-positive tumour cells to pertuzumab treatment. With molecular modelling analysis, we confirmed the possibility that the S310F mutation might disrupt the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 as a result of a significant change in the critical residue S310. Further functional analyses revealed that the S310F mutation completely abolished pertuzumab binding to HER2 receptor and inhibited pertuzumab antitumour efficacy. Conclusion We demonstrated the loss-of-function mechanism underlying pertuzumab resistance in HER2-positive tumour cells bearing the S310F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Zhuang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoqi Weng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Fan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD&CG), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Huang LT, Ma JT, Zhang SL, Li XH, Sun L, Jing W, Zhao JZ, Wang YR, Han CB. Durable Clinical Response to Pyrotinib After Resistance to Prior Anti-HER2 Therapy for HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1453. [PMID: 31956604 PMCID: PMC6951398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with advanced gastric cancer, especially the HER2-positive type, have a poor prognosis; there is a paucity of effective anti-HER2 drug therapies in patients who develop resistance to trastuzumab. Case presentation: We report the case of a 36-year-old male with HER2-positive gastric cancer with lung and liver metastases. The patient responded after treatment with trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy and attained a progression-free survival (PFS) of 17 months. Subsequently, the patient received apatinib that selectively inhibits the VEGFR2 and obtained an evident tumor response and a PFS of 8 months. When the disease progressed again, the regimen containing lapatinib failed. Then, the patient received treatment with nivolumab. However, he presented with hyper-progressive disease (HPD). Finally, he received a combination of capecitabine and pyrotinib, an irreversible dual TKI, acting on HER2 and EGFR. The tumor shrank markedly with this combination therapy. The mechanism of both HPD due to immunotherapy and the resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib were investigated in this case. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and new mutations of BRCA1 and KRAS were detected after resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib. Conclusions: For patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer who have developed resistance to trastuzumab, pyrotinib is a promising new agent, which can be used as salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie-Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian-Zhu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Ru Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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231
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Xiang R, Han X, Ding K, Wu Z. CMIP promotes Herceptin resistance of HER2 positive gastric cancer cells. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152776. [PMID: 31822364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most malignant human cancers with poor prognosis. Herceptin is a well-received antibody drug for HER2 positive gastric cancer. Primary Herceptin resistance and acquired Herceptin resistance retarded the use of Herceptin for gastric cancer. We herein reported CMIP (C-Maf-inducing protein) was overexpressed in Herceptin-resistant gastric cancer cells MKN45-HR and NCI-N87-HR; CMIP promoted Herceptin resistance of HER2 positive gastric cancer cells. SOX2 was examined to be positively regulated by CMIP and also promoted Herceptin resistance of HER2 positive gastric cancer cells. SOX2 might mediate the Herceptin resistance promoting role of CMIP in gastric cancer cells. Elevated expression of CMIP was associated with poor clinicopathological features including tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in HER2 positive gastric cancer patients. Inhibitors of CMIP could be used as potential adjuvant therapeutic drugs for HER2 positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xiang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Keshuo Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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232
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Cavaliere A, Merz V, Casalino S, Zecchetto C, Simionato F, Salt HL, Contarelli S, Santoro R, Melisi D. Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Preoperative Systemic Therapies in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2019; 19:375-392. [PMID: 31897341 PMCID: PMC6928085 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemo- and radiotherapeutic strategies followed by surgery are currently a standard approach for treating locally advanced gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer in Western countries. However, in a large number of cases, the tumor is extremely resistant to these treatments and the patients are exposed to unnecessary toxicity and delayed surgical therapy. The current clinical trials evaluating the combination of preoperative systemic therapies with modern targeted and immunotherapeutic agents represent a unique opportunity for identifying predictive biomarkers of response to select patients that would benefit the most from these treatments. However, it is of utmost importance that these potential biomarkers are corroborated by extensive preclinical and translational research. The aim of this review article is to present the most promising biomarkers of response to classic chemotherapeutic, anti-HER2, antiangiogenic, and immunotherapeutic agents that can be potentially useful for personalized preoperative systemic therapies in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cavaliere
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Merz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Casalino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Hayley Louise Salt
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaela Santoro
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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233
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Zhou S, Hu T, Zhang F, Tang D, Li D, Cao J, Wei W, Wu Y, Liu S. Integrated Microfluidic Device for Accurate Extracellular Vesicle Quantification and Protein Markers Analysis Directly from Human Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1574-1581. [PMID: 31779307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
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Trastuzumab Specific Epitope Evaluation as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer Patients. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120782. [PMID: 31779184 PMCID: PMC6995606 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) antibodies bind to the intracellular domain, trastuzumab binds to the extracellular epitope of HER2 receptor: target of drug action. We aimed to evaluate clinical significance of the new IHC method assessing the target of trastuzumab in gastric cancer (GC) patients and compare with conventional methods. Sixty-nine trastuzumab-treated GC patients were enrolled from two different cohorts. Additionally, we enrolled 528 consecutive GC patients to evaluate prognostic implications of HER2 test methods. HER2 status was assessed by trastuzumab IHC, HER2 IHC (4B5), and HER2 silver in situ hybridization (SISH). HER2 IHC showed 3+ in 48/69 trastuzumab-treated patients (69.6%), however, trastuzumab IHC showed 3+ in 25 (36.2%). Patients with trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than their counterpart (p = 0.014). In univariate analysis, trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ and HER2 IHC 3+ were only significant predictive factors for OS in trastuzumab-treated patients. Of the 528 consecutive GCs, patients with trastuzumab IHC ≥2+ had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and OS (p = 0.008 and 0.031, respectively), while conventional methods failed to reveal any significant survival differences. HER2 assessment by trastuzumab IHC was different from conventional HER2 test results. Trastuzumab IHC was suggested to be a significant predictive factor for trastuzumab responsiveness and prognostic factor for consecutive GCs.
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235
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Arienti C, Pignatta S, Tesei A. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family and its Role in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1308. [PMID: 31850207 PMCID: PMC6901979 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the gradual decrease in incidence, gastric cancer is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although chemotherapy enhances overall survival and quality of life in advanced disease, the median overall survival is < 12 months. In recent years, the human epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) family has been extensively investigated in gastric cancer. The ErbB family is composed of four closely-related members: ErbB-1 (HER1 or epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4), all of which play a critical role in regulating cell growth, proliferation and migration of tumors. It is well known that gastric cancer overexpresses HER in a heterogeneous pattern, especially EGFR, and HER2. HER3 is another important member of the ErbB family that preferentially activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Furthermore, its heterodimerization with HER2 seems fundamental for steering HER2-overexpressing breast cancer tumor growth. Less is known about the impact of HER4 on gastric cancer. Improved survival from the use of trastuzumab has paved the way for ErbB receptor family-targeted treatments in gastric cancer. However, unlike trastuzumab, ErbB receptor-targeted drugs have not consistently maintained the encouraging results obtained in preclinical and early clinical trials. This may be attributable to the intrinsic heterogeneity of gastric cancer and/or to the lack of standardized test quality for established biomarkers used to evaluate these biological targets. This review presents an overview of the most recent clinical studies on agents targeting the ErbB family in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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236
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Somatic mutation profiling and HER2 status in KRAS-positive Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16894. [PMID: 31729406 PMCID: PMC6858340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is an independent negative predictor for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) treatment in colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, 30% to 50% of CRC patients are KRAS-positive and do not benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. In this study, we investigated the mutational features and clinical significance of KRAS-positive Chinese CRC patients. A total of 139 Chinese CRC patients who received clinical KRAS testing (Sanger sequencing) were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fifty KRAS-positive specimens were further detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The most prevalent mutation in KRAS was G12D (46%), followed by G12V (20%), and G13D (18%). In addition to KRAS, 72 unique alterations in another 12 genes were also detected. The most common mutated genes were TP53 (62%), APC (46%), and PIK3CA (22%). The proportion of HER2 amplifications in KRAS-positive CRC patients was 4.4%, which was lower than that in KRAS -negative CRC patients (14.3%). No relationship was found between HER2 amplification and KRAS status (p = 0.052). However, the odds ratio is very low (0.279). In addition, these gene mutations were not significantly associated with age, sex, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, mismatch repair-deficient, or tumor differentiation. However, TP53 mutations were more prevalent in colon cancer with KRAS mutations than in rectal cancer (75.0% vs 28.6%, respectively, p = 0.004). The negative predictive value of the IHC analysis for predicting HER2 amplification reached to 98.39%, while the positive predictive value reached only 50%. Overall, the mutation profiling of Chinese CRC patients with KRAS mutations is different from that of Western CRC patients. Our results will help us to understand the molecular features of Chinese CRC patients.
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237
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Functional and Nonclinical Similarity of ABP 980, a Biosimilar of Trastuzumab. Pharm Res 2019; 36:177. [PMID: 31696314 PMCID: PMC6834741 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic assessment of ABP 980 similarity to its reference product is intended to compare the activity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab and support the overall conclusion of similarity based on a comprehensive analytical and functional evaluation. Methods This work complements the primary assessment of functional similarity with additional in vitro assays, binding studies, and non-clinical studies including human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) kinetic binding, HER2 signaling, HER2 internalization, synergy with docetaxel chemotherapy, FcγR kinetic binding, primary natural killer and monocyte cell binding, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity, in vivo xenograft studies, and toxicokinetic parameters. Results The results contribute to the totality of evidence with respect to functional similarity and support that ABP 980 is similar to trastuzumab in all primary and secondary mechanisms of action. Conclusions These results also support the scientific justification of extrapolation to all approved indications of trastuzumab given the established functional similarity of the two products and the same mechanisms of action across all conditions of use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-019-2702-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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238
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Kim TY, Han HS, Lee KW, Zang DY, Rha SY, Park YI, Kim JS, Lee KH, Park SH, Song EK, Jung SA, Lee N, Kim YH, Cho JY, Bang YJ. A phase I/II study of poziotinib combined with paclitaxel and trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:1206-1214. [PMID: 30945121 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poziotinib (HM781-36B) is an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor which targets EGFR, HER2, and HER4. This prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase I/II study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluated the safety and efficacy of poziotinib combined with paclitaxel and trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Patients with HER2-positive GC previously treated with one line of chemotherapy received oral poziotinib (8 mg or 12 mg) once daily for 14 days, followed by 7 days off. Paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 infusion) and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg infusion) were administered concomitantly with poziotinib on day 1 every 3 weeks. RESULTS In the phase I part, 12 patients were enrolled (7 at dose level 1, 5 at dose level 2). One patient receiving poziotinib 8 mg and 2 receiving poziotinib 12 mg had dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs); all DLTs were grade 4 neutropenia, one with fever. The most common poziotinib-related adverse events were diarrhea, rash, stomatitis, pruritus and loss of appetite. The MTD of poziotinib was determined to be 8 mg/day and this was used in the phase II part which enrolled 32 patients. Two patients (6.3%) had complete responses and 5 (15.6%) had partial responses (objective response rate 21.9%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 13.0 weeks (95% CI 9.8-21.9) and 29.5 weeks (95% CI 17.9-59.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of poziotinib combined with paclitaxel and trastuzumab was 8 mg/day. This combination yielded promising anti-tumor efficacy with manageable toxicity in previously treated patients with HER2-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hye Sook Han
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Song
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - NaMi Lee
- Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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239
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Wu X, Huang S. HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells combined with apatinib for the treatment of gastric cancer. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:946-958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel enhances antitumor activity by promoting apoptosis in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer xenograft models. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 31:241-250. [PMID: 31633500 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody drug, is the first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast and gastric cancer. For breast cancer, the benefit of continuous treatment with trastuzumab after it becomes refractory to first-line therapy has been demonstrated. However, it is unclear whether trastuzumab can show similar efficacy as a second-line treatment for gastric cancer. Here, we report that trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel exhibits increased antitumor efficacy even for trastuzumab-resistant xenografted tumors. We derived the trastuzumab-resistant models from previously established human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer patient-derived cells. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, PIK3CA mutation, and phosphatase and tensin homolog expression in these resistant models was equivalent to those in the trastuzumab-sensitive parental model, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as p16, p15, and p21, were downregulated. Trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel enhanced antitumor activity in both the sensitive and resistant models. In the trastuzumab-sensitive model, the combination of trastuzumab and paclitaxel resulted in suppression of the AKT-p27-retinoblastoma protein pathway and induction of apoptosis. Although this combination did not suppress retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in the trastuzumab-resistant model, it did markedly decrease epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation and further enhance paclitaxel-mediated apoptosis. These results suggested that trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel can still exert more potent antitumor efficacy than each agent alone in trastuzumab-resistant models, providing evidence that trastuzumab remains beneficial in the treatment of trastuzumab-resistant tumors.
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241
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Dumbrava EEI, Balaji K, Raghav K, Hess K, Javle M, Blum-Murphy M, Ajani J, Kopetz S, Broaddus R, Routbort M, Demirhan M, Zheng X, Pant S, Tsimberidou AM, Subbiah V, Hong DS, Rodon J, Shaw KM, Piha-Paul SA, Meric-Bernstam F. Targeting ERBB2 ( HER2) Amplification Identified by Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors Beyond Conventional Indications. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.18.00345. [PMID: 32923865 PMCID: PMC7446516 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an effective therapeutic target in breast and gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. However, less is known about the prevalence of ERBB2 (HER2) amplification and the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatment in other tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed HER2 amplification status among 5,002 patients with advanced disease (excluding breast cancer) who underwent next-generation sequencing. We evaluated the clinical benefit of HER2-targeted therapy by measuring the time-dependent overall survival (OS) from the genomic testing results, progression-free survival (PFS), and PFS during HER2-targeted therapy (PFS2) compared with PFS during prior therapy (PFS1). RESULTS Overall, 122 patients (2.4%) had HER2 amplification, including patients with endometrial (5.3%), bladder (5.2%), biliary or gallbladder (4.9%), salivary (4.7%), and colorectal cancer (3.6%). Forty patients (38%) with nongastric, nongastroesophageal junction, or nonesophageal cancers received at least one line of HER2-targeted therapy. Patients receiving HER2-targeted therapy had a median OS of 18.6 months, compared with 10.9 months for patients who did not receive HER2-targeted therapy (P = .070). On multivariable analysis, HER2-targeted therapy was significantly associated with increased OS (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.93; P = .029), regardless of sex, age, or number of prior lines of treatment. The PFS2-to-PFS1 ratio was 1.3 or greater in 21 (57%) of 37 patients who received HER2-targeted therapy not in the first line of systemic treatment, and the median PFS2 and PFS1 times were 24 and 13 weeks, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSION HER2 amplifications using next-generation sequencing can be identified in a variety of tumor types. HER2-targeted therapy may confer clinical benefit in tumor types other than those for which HER2 inhibitors are approved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavitha Balaji
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth Hess
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Milind Javle
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jaffer Ajani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mark Routbort
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mehmet Demirhan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shubham Pant
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David S. Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jordi Rodon
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenna M. Shaw
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Seigel GM, Shah DK, Mendoza P, Szalai E, Grossniklaus H, Song Y, Shan J. In situ analysis of Her2 DNA and RNA in retinoblastoma and adjacent retina. Oncoscience 2019; 6:357-366. [PMID: 31608299 PMCID: PMC6768847 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an ocular tumor of early childhood. Current treatments attempt to preserve visual function, but may spare chemoresistant tumor cells. One potential therapeutic target for RB is HER2, (ERBB2), expressed in RB in truncated form. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Her2 DNA and RNA are expressed in RB tumors and adjacent retina. We examined 24 human RB tumors as well as normal-appearing adjacent retinal tissues for Her2 DNA and RNA expression by in situ hybridization. We also examined 28 RB tumors for HER2 protein immunoreactivity. 21/22 RB tumors expressed Her2 DNA and 14/19 tumors expressed Her2 RNA. In 17 paired cases, there were three cases in which Her2 DNA was detected, but not RNA. We also saw Her2 RNA signal in six instances of "normal" adjacent retinal tissue. Heterogeneous HER2 protein expression in specific tumor regions also was confirmed by quantitative HER2 immunohistochemistry. In summary, Her2 DNA and RNA are expressed in many RB tumors, and in some adjacent ocular tissues, with hetereogenous protein expression throughout. These results may provide important insights regarding RB tumor progression, and drug targeting approaches designed to spare the eye, preserve vision and improve quality of life for RB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Seigel
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, Buffalo, NY
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Pia Mendoza
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Yinghui Song
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Jidong Shan
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
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243
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Bonelli P, Borrelli A, Tuccillo FM, Silvestro L, Palaia R, Buonaguro FM. Precision medicine in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:804-829. [PMID: 31662821 PMCID: PMC6815928 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disease linked to a series of environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits, and especially to genetic alterations. GC represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its onset is subtle, and the majority of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is already advanced. In recent years, there have been innovations in the management of advanced GC including the introduction of new classifications based on its molecular characteristics. Thanks to new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray, the Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group classifications have also paved the way for precision medicine in GC, making it possible to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Among the objectives of the subdivision of GC into subtypes is to select patients in whom molecular targeted drugs can achieve the best results; many lines of research have been initiated to this end. After phase III clinical trials, trastuzumab, anti-Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (commonly known as ERBB2) and ramucirumab, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (commonly known as VEGFR2) monoclonal antibodies, were approved and introduced into first- and second-line therapies for patients with advanced/metastatic GC. However, the heterogeneity of this neoplasia makes the practical application of such approaches difficult. Unfortunately, scientific progress has not been matched by progress in clinical practice in terms of significant improvements in prognosis. Survival continues to be low in contrast to the reduction in deaths from many common cancers such as colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Although several target molecules have been identified on which targeted drugs can act and novel products have been introduced into experimental therapeutic protocols, the overall approach to treating advanced stage GC has not substantially changed. Currently, surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective treatments for this disease. Future research should not underestimate the heterogeneity of GC when developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed toward improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Borrelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Abdominal Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Gastro-pancreatic Surgery Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
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244
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Shi H, Fang X, Li Y, Zhang Y. High Expression of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Indicates Poor Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7430-7438. [PMID: 31581160 PMCID: PMC6791185 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine to glycine and tetrahydrofolate-bound one-carbon unit. Upregulation of SHMT2 has been observed in a variety of cancers, but the expression profile and clinical value of SHMT2 in gastric cancer (GC) are still unknown. Material/Methods In this study, SHMT2 expression was assessed in 130 patients with GC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). mRNA of SHMT2 in GC tissues and normal gastric epithelium was compared with qRT-PCR results. The correlations between SHMT2 and the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed with the chi-square test. Univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the correlations between survival rate and clinicopathologic factors, including SHMT2. The independent prognostic biomarkers were confirmed by multivariate analysis using the Cox-regression hazard model. The function of SHMT2 in progression of GC was assessed by in vitro experiments. Results The percentages of low and high expression of SHMT2 were 46.92% and 53.08%, respectively. SHMT2 mRNA in GC tissue was significantly higher than mRNA in the patient-paired adjacent tissues. In the clinical analysis, SHMT2 expression was notably associated with positive lymphatic invasion. High SHMT2 was also demonstrated to independently predict poor prognosis of GC. After silencing SHMT2, we proved that SHMT2 can promote proliferation and invasion of GC cells. Conclusions High SHMT2 promoted progression and was an independent prognostic biomarker of GC, suggesting that SHMT2 detection would be helpful for stratification of high-risk patients and thus directing personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxu Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Seventh Department of Hepatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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245
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Zhang YW, He D, Tan C, Dong M, Zhou L, Shao CK. Differential expression of HER2 and downstream proteins in prediction of advanced tumor phenotypes and overall survival of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive vs. negative gastric cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152675. [PMID: 31594682 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the associations of HER2 protein, HER2 gene amplification, and positivity for p-AKT, p-ERK, and p-PLCγ proteins with clinicopathological status and overall survival (OS) of patients who had Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC; n = 58) or EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC; n = 329). Tissue samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results showed that EBVaGC less expressed HER2 and amplified HER2 gene. p-AKT (p = 0.035) and p-ERK (p = 0.001) were inhibited in EBVaGC than in EBVnGC, while p-PLCγ (p = 0.034) was upregulated. Among EBVaGC patients, p-ERK positivity was associated with Lauren classification (p = 0.023), and p-PLCγ positivity was inversely associated with TNM stage (p = 0.041) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041). In contrast, among EBVnGC patients, HER2 expression was associated with distant metastasis (p = 0.043) and p-AKT positivity was associated with intestinal subtype (p < 0.004), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.031), distant metastasis (p < 0.001), and elder age (>60y, p < 0.004). Overall analysis showed that EBVaGC patients presented better OS than EBVnGC patients (p = 0.044). Among EBVaGC patients, p-AKT positivity (p = 0.008) was associated with worse OS; as well as, HER2 high expression (p < 0.001), p-AKT positivity (p = 0.010), and p-PLCγ (p < 0.001) were associated with worse OS in EBVnGC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that distant metastasis (95% CI: 1.559 to 4.028, p < 0.001), HER2 high expression (95% CI: 1.058 to 2.454, p = 0.026), and p-PLCγ positivity (95% CI: 1.056 to 2.435, p = 0.027) were independent prognostic predictors of OS in EBVnGC patients. Our results indicated that p-AKT positive patients presented worse OS than p-AKT negative ones in EBVaGC, as well as, HER2, p-AKT, and p-PLCγ are prognostic biomarkers for OS in EBVnGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cui Tan
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yangtze River Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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246
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Gao G, Zhang Y, Xia Q. GEFT protein expression in digestive tract malignant tumors and its clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5577-5590. [PMID: 31620201 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor T (GEFT), a member of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, is expressed in a variety of tumors. In the present study, the expression and clinical significance of GEFT in malignant digestive tract tumors was assessed. Tumor and adjacent control samples from 180 patients were tested. Positive GEFT expression rates were 80, 83.33 and 86.67% in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC), gastric carcinoma (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), respectively. GEFT expression was associated with diffuse type carcinoma according to the Lauren classification (χ2=12.525, P=0.002) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages III/IV (χ2=4.033, P=0.045) in GC, and with vessel carcinoma embolus (χ2=7.890, P=0.005) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.455, P=0.020) in CRC, but was not associated with other clinicopathological parameters. Patients with high levels of GEFT protein expression had a less favorable outcome compared with patients with low levels of GEFT expression in patients with CRC (χ2=3.876, P=0.049). However, a significant association was not found between GEFT expression and overall survival in patients with ESCC (χ2=0.040, P=0.842) or GC (χ2=0.501, P=0.479). The rate of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 upregulation in patients with GC was 13.33% and it was associated with nerve invasion (χ2=4.005, P=0.045) and TNM stages III/IV (χ2=5.600, P=0.018). Mismatch repair protein (MMRP) defect was observed in six cases, and the KRAS mutation rate was 26.67% in patients with CRC. GEFT expression was significantly correlated with MMRP (r=-0.285, P=0.027) and KRAS mutation in patients with CRC (r=0.697, P<0.001). These findings revealed frequent GEFT upregulation in malignant digestive tract tumors, which may have promoted tumor development. GEFT expression in CRC may be associated with microsatellite instability and KRAS mutation status, suggesting that GEFT may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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247
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Leiting JL, Grotz TE. Advancements and challenges in treating advanced gastric cancer in the West. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:652-664. [PMID: 31558971 PMCID: PMC6755103 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and death worldwide. Patients with advanced gastric cancer benefit from a multi-modality treatment regimen. Sound oncologic resection with negative margins and complete lymphadenectomy plays a crucial role in long-term survival for patients with resectable disease. The utilization of minimally invasive techniques for gastric cancer has been slowly increasing and is proving to be both technically and oncologically safe. Perioperative chemotherapy is the current standard of care for advanced gastric cancer. A variety of chemotherapy regimens have been used with the combination of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin being the current recommendation given its superior ability to induce a complete pathologic response and prolong survival. The use of radiation has been more controversial with its optimal place in the treatment sequence being unclear. There are current ongoing studies assessing the impact of radiation as an adjunct or in place of chemotherapy. Targeted treatments (e.g., trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive tumors and pembrolizumab for programmed death-ligand 1 positive tumors) are showing promise and are part of a continued emphasis on individualized care. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy may also play a role in preventing peritoneal recurrences for patients with high risk lesions. The treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer in the West continues to advance and improve with a better understanding of optimal treatment sequences and the utilization of personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Leiting
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Travis E Grotz
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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248
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Sampera A, Sánchez-Martín FJ, Arpí O, Visa L, Iglesias M, Menéndez S, Gaye É, Dalmases A, Clavé S, Gelabert-Baldrich M, Poulsen TT, Kragh M, Bellosillo B, Albanell J, Rovira A, Montagut C. HER-Family Ligands Promote Acquired Resistance to Trastuzumab in Gastric Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2135-2145. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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249
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Wei Q, Zhang Y, Gao J, Li J, Li J, Li Y, Zhou J, Lu M, Gong J, Zhang X, Shen L, Sun Y, Chang L, Wang X. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of HER2-positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Detection of HER2 in Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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250
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Zubarayev M, Min EK, Son T. Clinical and molecular prognostic markers of survival after surgery for gastric cancer: tumor-node-metastasis staging system and beyond. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:59. [PMID: 31559340 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For accurately predicting prognosis and for effectively describing cancer states at a certain point during treatment to other care providers and patients, various staging systems have been utilized in gastric cancer. Among these, the UICC/AJCC tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is most widely used. However, even within the same substage, gastric cancers can vary substantially in regards to prognosis after treatment. For more accurate and individualized prognostication, staging systems have been found to benefit from including molecular markers and genomic subtypes, in addition to clinicopathological parameters, such as age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, Lauren classification, number of lymph nodes resected, extent of surgical resection, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In this review article, we review and summarize relevant biomarkers for gastric cancer that can be incorporated into the current anatomy-based TNM staging system, as well as results from validation studies thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Zubarayev
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,GI laparoscopic & Robotic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Eun-Ki Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taeil Son
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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