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Bailes EJ, Ollerton J, Pattrick JG, Glover BJ. How can an understanding of plant-pollinator interactions contribute to global food security? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 26:72-79. [PMID: 26116979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollination of crops by animals is an essential part of global food production, but evidence suggests that wild pollinator populations may be declining while a number of problems are besetting managed honey bee colonies. Animal-pollinated crops grown today, bred in an environment where pollination was less likely to limit fruit set, are often suboptimal in attracting and sustaining their pollinator populations. Research into plant-pollinator interactions is often conducted in a curiosity-driven, ecological framework, but may inform breeding and biotechnological approaches to enhance pollinator attraction and crop yield. In this article we review key topics in current plant-pollinator research that have potential roles in future crop breeding for enhanced global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Bailes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Department of Environmental and Geographic Sciences, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK
| | - Jonathan G Pattrick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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202
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Samson-Robert O, Labrie G, Mercier PL, Chagnon M, Derome N, Fournier V. Increased Acetylcholinesterase Expression in Bumble Bees During Neonicotinoid-Coated Corn Sowing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12636. [PMID: 26223214 PMCID: PMC4519780 DOI: 10.1038/srep12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While honey bee exposure to systemic insecticides has received much attention, impacts on wild pollinators have not been as widely studied. Neonicotinoids have been shown to increase acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in honey bees at sublethal doses. High AChE levels may therefore act as a biomarker of exposure to neonicotinoids. This two-year study focused on establishing whether bumble bees living and foraging in agricultural areas using neonicotinoid crop protection show early biochemical signs of intoxication. Bumble bee colonies (Bombus impatiens) were placed in two different agricultural cropping areas: 1) control (≥ 3 km from fields planted with neonicotinoid-treated seeds) or 2) exposed (within 500 m of fields planted with neonicotinoid-treated seeds), and maintained for the duration of corn sowing. As determined by Real Time qPCR, AChE mRNA expression was initially significantly higher in bumble bees from exposed sites, then decreased throughout the planting season to reach a similar endpoint to that of bumble bees from control sites. These findings suggest that exposure to neonicotinoid seed coating particles during the planting season can alter bumble bee neuronal activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report in situ that bumble bees living in agricultural areas exhibit signs of neonicotinoid intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Samson-Robert
- Centre de recherche en innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geneviève Labrie
- CÉROM, Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc., Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Mercier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Madeleine Chagnon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie Fournier
- Centre de recherche en innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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203
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Jin N, Klein S, Leimig F, Bischoff G, Menzel R. The neonicotinoid clothianidin interferes with navigation of the solitary bee Osmia cornuta in a laboratory test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26206356 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pollinating insects provide a vital ecosystem service to crops and wild plants. Exposure to low doses of neonicotinoid insecticides has sub-lethal effects on social pollinators such as bumblebees and honeybees, disturbing their navigation and interfering with their development. Solitary Hymenoptera are also very important ecosystem service providers, but the sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoids have not yet been studied well in those animals. We analyzed the ability of walking Osmia to remember a feeding place in a small environment and found that Osmia remembers the feeding place well after 4 days of training. Uptake of field-realistic amounts of the neonicotinoid clothianidin (0.76 ng per bee) altered the animals' sensory responses to the visual environment and interfered with the retrieval of navigational memory. We conclude that the neonicotinoid clothianidin compromises visual guidance and the use of navigational memory in the solitary bee Osmia cornuta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Jin
- Institut Biologie, Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 28-30, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Simon Klein
- Institut Biologie, Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 28-30, Berlin 14195, Germany Master Biosciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, cedex 9 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabian Leimig
- Institut Biologie, Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 28-30, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Gabriela Bischoff
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Königin-Luise- Straße 19, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Institut Biologie, Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 28-30, Berlin 14195, Germany
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204
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Rand EED, Smit S, Beukes M, Apostolides Z, Pirk CWW, Nicolson SW. Detoxification mechanisms of honey bees (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11779. [PMID: 26134631 PMCID: PMC4488760 DOI: 10.1038/srep11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticides are thought to be among the major factors contributing to current declines in bee populations. However, detoxification mechanisms in healthy, unstressed honey bees are poorly characterised. Alkaloids are naturally encountered in pollen and nectar, and we used nicotine as a model compound to identify the mechanisms involved in detoxification processes in honey bees. Nicotine and neonicotinoids have similar modes of action in insects. Our metabolomic and proteomic analyses show active detoxification of nicotine in bees, associated with increased energetic investment and also antioxidant and heat shock responses. The increased energetic investment is significant in view of the interactions of pesticides with diseases such as Nosema spp which cause energetic stress and possible malnutrition. Understanding how healthy honey bees process dietary toxins under unstressed conditions will help clarify how pesticides, alone or in synergy with other stress factors, lead to declines in bee vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E du Rand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Salome Smit
- Proteomics Unit, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mervyn Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Christian W W Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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205
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Thompson H, Miles M. In response: The challenge of implementing a sustainable and highly sophisticated risk-assessment scheme, able to address the realistic potential hazards as well as the needs of our pollinators--An industry view on the key challenges and guidance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1456-8. [PMID: 26118376 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Miles
- Bayer CropScience, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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206
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López-Uribe MM, Morreale SJ, Santiago CK, Danforth BN. Nest suitability, fine-scale population structure and male-mediated dispersal of a solitary ground nesting bee in an urban landscape. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125719. [PMID: 25950429 PMCID: PMC4423849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees are the primary pollinators of flowering plants in almost all ecosystems. Worldwide declines in bee populations have raised awareness about the importance of their ecological role in maintaining ecosystem functioning. The naturally strong philopatric behavior that some bee species show can be detrimental to population viability through increased probability of inbreeding. Furthermore, bee populations found in human-altered landscapes, such as urban areas, can experience lower levels of gene flow and effective population sizes, increasing potential for inbreeding depression in wild bee populations. In this study, we investigated the fine-scale population structure of the solitary bee Colletes inaequalis in an urbanized landscape. First, we developed a predictive spatial model to detect suitable nesting habitat for this ground nesting bee and to inform our field search for nests. We genotyped 18 microsatellites in 548 female individuals collected from nest aggregations throughout the study area. Genetic relatedness estimates revealed that genetic similarity among individuals was slightly greater within nest aggregations than among randomly chosen individuals. However, genetic structure among nest aggregations was low (Nei's GST = 0.011). Reconstruction of parental genotypes revealed greater genetic relatedness among females than among males within nest aggregations, suggesting male-mediated dispersal as a potentially important mechanism of population connectivity and inbreeding avoidance. Size of nesting patch was positively correlated with effective population size, but not with other estimators of genetic diversity. We detected a positive trend between geographic distance and genetic differentiation between nest aggregations. Our landscape genetic models suggest that increased urbanization is likely associated with higher levels of inbreeding. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of density and distribution of suitable nesting patches for enhancing bee population abundance and connectivity in human dominated habitats and highlights the critical contribution of landscape genetic studies for enhanced conservation and management of native pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Morreale
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Christine K. Santiago
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Bryan N. Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
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207
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Kessler S, Tiedeken EJ, Simcock KL, Derveau S, Mitchell J, Softley S, Stout JC, Wright GA. Bees prefer foods containing neonicotinoid pesticides. Nature 2015; 521:74-76. [PMID: 25901684 PMCID: PMC4772122 DOI: 10.1038/nature14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on insect pollinators is highly controversial. Sublethal concentrations alter the behaviour of social bees and reduce survival of entire colonies. However, critics argue that the reported negative effects only arise from neonicotinoid concentrations that are greater than those found in the nectar and pollen of pesticide-treated plants. Furthermore, it has been suggested that bees could choose to forage on other available flowers and hence avoid or dilute exposure. Here, using a two-choice feeding assay, we show that the honeybee, Apis mellifera, and the buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, do not avoid nectar-relevant concentrations of three of the most commonly used neonicotinoids, imidacloprid (IMD), thiamethoxam (TMX), and clothianidin (CLO), in food. Moreover, bees of both species prefer to eat more of sucrose solutions laced with IMD or TMX than sucrose alone. Stimulation with IMD, TMX and CLO neither elicited spiking responses from gustatory neurons in the bees' mouthparts, nor inhibited the responses of sucrose-sensitive neurons. Our data indicate that bees cannot taste neonicotinoids and are not repelled by them. Instead, bees preferred solutions containing IMD or TMX, even though the consumption of these pesticides caused them to eat less food overall. This work shows that bees cannot control their exposure to neonicotinoids in food and implies that treating flowering crops with IMD and TMX presents a sizeable hazard to foraging bees.
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208
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Rundlöf M, Andersson GKS, Bommarco R, Fries I, Hederström V, Herbertsson L, Jonsson O, Klatt BK, Pedersen TR, Yourstone J, Smith HG. Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees. Nature 2015; 521:77-80. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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209
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210
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211
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Nyabuga FN, Carrasco D, Ranåker L, Andersson MN, Birgersson G, Larsson MC, Lundin O, Rundlöf M, Svensson GP, Anderbrant O, Lankinen Å. Field Abundance Patterns and Odor-Mediated Host Choice by Clover Seed Weevils, Apion fulvipes and Apion trifolii (Coleoptera: Apionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:492-503. [PMID: 26470160 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The clover seed weevils Apion fulvipes Geoffroy, 1785 and Apion trifolii L., 1768 (Coleoptera: Apionidae) cause major losses to seed production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), respectively. Clover is important as animal forage and an alternative to inorganic fertilizers. Because clover is mainly pollinated by bees, the use of insecticides in management of these weevils is discouraged. To gain basic knowledge for development of alternative management strategies, we investigated weevil field abundance over two growing seasons, as well as feeding and olfactory host preferences by A. fulvipes and A. trifolii. Field trap catches in southern Sweden revealed that white clover was dominated by A. fulvipes and red clover by A. trifolii. For both weevil species, female catches were positively correlated to the number of clover buds and flowers in the field. In feeding and olfactory bioassays, females of A. fulvipes and A. trifolii showed a preference for T. repens and T. pratense, respectively. However, the feeding preference was lost when the antennae were removed, indicating a significant role of olfaction in host choice. Male weevils of both species did not show clear olfactory or feeding preferences for host plant species. The field study and laboratory bioassays demonstrate that, at least for female weevils, olfaction is important for selection of host plants. We discuss these novel results in the context of managing these important pests of clover by exploiting olfaction and behavioral attraction to host plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin N Nyabuga
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Corresponding author,
| | - David Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynn Ranåker
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ola Lundin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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212
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Goulson D. Neonicotinoids impact bumblebee colony fitness in the field; a reanalysis of the UK's Food & Environment Research Agency 2012 experiment. PeerJ 2015; 3:e854. [PMID: 25825679 PMCID: PMC4375969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of bee declines remain hotly debated, particularly the contribution of neonicotinoid insecticides. In 2013 the UK’s Food & Environment Research Agency made public a study of the impacts of exposure of bumblebee colonies to neonicotinoids. The study concluded that there was no clear relationship between colony performance and pesticide exposure, and the study was subsequently cited by the UK government in a policy paper in support of their vote against a proposed moratorium on some uses of neonicotinoids. Here I present a simple re-analysis of this data set. It demonstrates that these data in fact do show a negative relationship between both colony growth and queen production and the levels of neonicotinoids in the food stores collected by the bees. Indeed, this is the first study describing substantial negative impacts of neonicotinoids on colony performance of any bee species with free-flying bees in a field realistic situation where pesticide exposure is provided only as part of normal farming practices. It strongly suggests that wild bumblebee colonies in farmland can be expected to be adversely affected by exposure to neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Falmer, East Sussex , UK
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213
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Moffat C, Pacheco JG, Sharp S, Samson AJ, Bollan KA, Huang J, Buckland ST, Connolly CN. Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids increases neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). FASEB J 2015; 29:2112-9. [PMID: 25634958 PMCID: PMC4415021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in the abundance and diversity of insect pollinators could result from habitat loss, disease, and pesticide exposure. The contribution of the neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., clothianidin and imidacloprid) to this decline is controversial, and key to understanding their risk is whether the astonishingly low levels found in the nectar and pollen of plants is sufficient to deliver neuroactive levels to their site of action: the bee brain. Here we show that bumblebees (Bombus terrestris audax) fed field levels [10 nM, 2.1 ppb (w/w)] of neonicotinoid accumulate between 4 and 10 nM in their brains within 3 days. Acute (minutes) exposure of cultured neurons to 10 nM clothianidin, but not imidacloprid, causes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent rapid mitochondrial depolarization. However, a chronic (2 days) exposure to 1 nM imidacloprid leads to a receptor-dependent increased sensitivity to a normally innocuous level of acetylcholine, which now also causes rapid mitochondrial depolarization in neurons. Finally, colonies exposed to this level of imidacloprid show deficits in colony growth and nest condition compared with untreated colonies. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the poor navigation and foraging observed in neonicotinoid treated bumblebee colonies.—Moffat, C., Pacheco, J. G., Sharp, S., Samson, A. J., Bollan, K. A., Huang, J., Buckland, S. T., Connolly, C. N. Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids increases neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moffat
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Goncalves Pacheco
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Sharp
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Samson
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Bollan
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Huang
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Buckland
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N Connolly
- *Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
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214
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Hassell M. Editorial 2015. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142696. [PMID: 25429022 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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215
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Ollerton J, Erenler H, Edwards M, Crockett R. Extinctions of aculeate pollinators in Britain and the role of large-scale agricultural changes. Science 2014; 346:1360-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1257259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Ollerton
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK
| | - Hilary Erenler
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK
| | | | - Robin Crockett
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK
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216
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Schmehl DR, Teal PEA, Frazier JL, Grozinger CM. Genomic analysis of the interaction between pesticide exposure and nutrition in honey bees (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:177-90. [PMID: 25450567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Populations of pollinators are in decline worldwide. These declines are best documented in honey bees and are due to a combination of stressors. In particular, pesticides have been linked to decreased longevity and performance in honey bees; however, the molecular and physiological pathways mediating sensitivity and resistance to pesticides are not well characterized. We explored the impact of coumaphos and fluvalinate, the two most abundant and frequently detected pesticides in the hive, on genome-wide gene expression patterns of honey bee workers. We found significant changes in 1118 transcripts, including genes involved in detoxification, behavioral maturation, immunity, and nutrition. Since behavioral maturation is regulated by juvenile hormone III (JH), we examined effects of these miticides on hormone titers; while JH titers were unaffected, titers of methyl farnesoate (MF), the precursor to JH, were decreased. We further explored the association between nutrition- and pesticide-regulated gene expression patterns and demonstrated that bees fed a pollen-based diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to a third pesticide, chlorpyrifos. Finally, we demonstrated that expression levels of several of the putative pesticide detoxification genes identified in our study and previous studies are also upregulated in response to pollen feeding, suggesting that these pesticides and components in pollen modulate similar molecular response pathways. Our results demonstrate that pesticide exposure can substantially impact expression of genes involved in several core physiological pathways in honey bee workers. Additionally, there is substantial overlap in responses to pesticides and pollen-containing diets at the transcriptional level, and subsequent analyses demonstrated that pollen-based diets reduce workers' pesticide sensitivity. Thus, providing honey bees and other pollinators with high quality nutrition may improve resistance to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schmehl
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Peter E A Teal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - James L Frazier
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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217
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Nazzi F, Pennacchio F. Disentangling multiple interactions in the hive ecosystem. Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:556-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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218
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cresswell
- Biosciences College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
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219
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Williamson SM, Willis SJ, Wright GA. Exposure to neonicotinoids influences the motor function of adult worker honeybees. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1409-18. [PMID: 25011924 PMCID: PMC4165879 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic pesticides such as neonicotinoids are commonly used on flowering crops visited by pollinators, and their use has been implicated in the decline of insect pollinator populations in Europe and North America. Several studies show that neonicotinoids affect navigation and learning in bees but few studies have examined whether these substances influence their basic motor function. Here, we investigated how prolonged exposure to sublethal doses of four neonicotinoid pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuran) and the plant toxin, nicotine, affect basic motor function and postural control in foraging-age worker honeybees. We used doses of 10 nM for each neonicotinoid: field-relevant doses that we determined to be sublethal and willingly consumed by bees. The neonicotinoids were placed in food solutions given to bees for 24 h. After the exposure period, bees were more likely to lose postural control during the motor function assay and fail to right themselves if exposed to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin. Bees exposed to thiamethoxam and nicotine also spent more time grooming. Other behaviours (walking, sitting and flying) were not significantly affected. Expression of changes in motor function after exposure to imidacloprid was dose-dependent and affected all measured behaviours. Our data illustrate that 24 h exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoid pesticides has a subtle influence on bee behaviour that is likely to affect normal function in a field setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M. Williamson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Sarah J. Willis
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Geraldine A. Wright
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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