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Kukavica B, Škondrić S, Trifković T, Mišić D, Gašić U, Topalić-Trivunović L, Savić A, Velemir A, Davidović-Plavšić B, Šešić M, Lukić N. Comparative polyphenolic profiling of five ethnomedicinal plants and their applicative potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117377. [PMID: 37939910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal plants Salvia officinalis, Trifolium pratense, Agrimonia eupatoria, Cichorium intybus and Vinca minor are traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases, including diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common diseases nowadays, often accompanied by oxidative stress and microbial infections. The aim of our work was to examine the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of ethanol extracts of five medicinal plants for the purpose of their possible use in the treatment of T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenolic profile of the plant extracts was analyzed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a diode array detector configured with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC/DAD/(-)HESI-MS2). In vitro antidiabetic activity of extracts was determined by measuring the percentage of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by different spectrophotometric methods, while the antimicrobial activity was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion methods. RESULTS A. eupatoria extract contains the highest percentage of flavonoids (94%, with isoquercetin, vitexin, and rutin as the most abundant) in relation to the concentration of total phenolic compounds and exhibits excellent antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. S. officinalis extract contains 60% flavonoids (predominately cirsimaritin and epigallocatechin gallate) and 40% phenolic acids (with rosmarinic acid being the most abundant from this group) and exhibits weak antidiabetic activity, significant antioxidant activity, and excellent antibacterial activity. A 45% percentage of flavonoids (with isoquercetin as the most abundant one) and 55% of phenolic acids (with ferulic acid as the most abundant) were measured in the extract of T. pratense, which had excellent antidiabetic activity but weaker antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. A similar percentage of flavonoids (52%, with epigallocatechin gallate in the highest concentration) and phenolic acids (48%, with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant) was measured in the extract of C. intybus which showed moderate antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The extract of V. minor was the richest in phenolic acids (80%, with the most abundant chlorogenic acid), which resulted in weaker antidiabetic and antioxidant activities (except for Fe2+ chelating ability) and antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that specific phenolic compounds are responsible for the different biological activities of the plant extracts. Among the investigated plants, the extract of A. eupatoria has the greatest potential for applications in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Kukavica
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Siniša Škondrić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Tanja Trifković
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Danijela Mišić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" Natonal Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Uroš Gašić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" Natonal Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Topalić-Trivunović
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Aleksandar Savić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ana Velemir
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Biljana Davidović-Plavšić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Milica Šešić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Nataša Lukić
- University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Ottilie-Zeller-Weg 2, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Vleugels T, Saleem A, Dubey R, Muylle H, Borra-Serrano I, Lootens P, De Swaef T, Roldán-Ruiz I. Phenotypic characterization of drought responses in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1304411. [PMID: 38283975 PMCID: PMC10811260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1304411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a protein-rich, short-lived perennial forage crop that can achieve high yields, but suffers increasingly from drought in different cultivation areas. Breeding for increased adaptation to drought is becoming essential, but at this stage it is unclear which traits breeders should target to phenotype responses to drought that allow them to identify the most promising red clover genotypes. In this study, we assessed how prolonged periods of drought affected plant growth in field conditions, and which traits could be used to distinguish better adapted plant material. Methods A diverse panel of 395 red clover accessions was evaluated during two growing seasons. We simulated 6-to-8-week drought periods during two consecutive summers, using mobile rain-out shelters, while an irrigated control field was established in an adjacent parcel. Plant growth was monitored throughout both growing seasons using multiple flights with a drone equipped with RGB and thermal sensors. At various observation moments throughout both growing seasons, we measured canopy cover (CC) and canopy height (CH). The crop water stress index (CWSI) was determined at two moments, during or shortly after the drought event. Results Manual and UAV-derived measurements for CH were well correlated, indicating that UAV-derived measurements can be reliably used in red clover. In both years, CC, CH and CWSI were affected by drought, with measurable growth reductions by the end of the drought periods, and during the recovery phase. We found that the end of the drought treatment and the recovery phase of approximately 20 days after drought were suitable periods to phenotype drought responses and to distinguish among genotypes. Discussion Multifactorial analysis of accession responses revealed interactions of the maturity type with drought responses, which suggests the presence of two independent strategies in red clover: 'drought tolerance' and 'drought recovery'. We further found that a large proportion of the accessions able to perform well under well-watered conditions were also the ones that were less affected by drought. The results of this investigation are interpreted in view of the development of breeding for adaptation to drought in red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vleugels
- ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
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Mikulić M, Atanacković Krstonošić M, Kladar N, Vasiljević S, Katanski S, Mamlić Z, Rakić D, Cvejić J. Phytochemical Composition of Different Red Clover Genotypes Based on Plant Part and Genetic Traits. Foods 2023; 13:103. [PMID: 38201131 PMCID: PMC10778848 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important legume that is also known as a rich source of isoflavones, which are compounds with mild estrogenic activity. Therefore, this plant is often used as a raw material in the production of dietary supplements recommended in menopause. Many factors can influence isoflavone content, but those genetically related are considered to be the most important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of different plant parts of 30 red clover genotypes grouped according to ploidy and country of seed origin by analyzing the content of dominant isoflavones, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. It was found that there are significant differences in the examined traits among plant parts. Red clover leaves had the highest total isoflavone content, with biochanin A as the dominant compound, while flower extracts had the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. Diploid and tetraploid genotypes were significantly different concerning the content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin and TPC with higher quantities in tetraploid samples. On the other hand, seed origin was not a useful separating factor for the analyzed samples. The results of this research indicate that ploidy, as a previously poorly studied factor, could influence isoflavone content in red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mikulić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Milica Atanacković Krstonošić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Sanja Vasiljević
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Snežana Katanski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zlatica Mamlić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Dušan Rakić
- Department of Basic Engineering Disciplines, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Cvejić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (N.K.); (J.C.)
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Yuan G, Zhang N, Zou Y, Hao Y, Pan J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li B. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of WRKY gene family members in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1289507. [PMID: 38130488 PMCID: PMC10733489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1289507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Trifolium pratense is an important legume forage grass and a key component of sustainable livestock development. Serving as an essential component, the WRKY gene family, a crucial group of regulatory transcription factors in plants, holds significant importance in their response to abiotic stresses. However, there has been no systematic analysis conducted on the WRKY gene family in Trifolium pratense. This study conducted a comprehensive genomic characterization of the WRKY gene family in Trifolium pratense, utilizing the latest genomic data, resulting in the identification of 59 TpWRKY genes. Based on their structural features, phylogenetic characteristics, and conserved motif composition, the WRKY proteins were classified into three groups, with group II further subdivided into five subgroups (II-a, II-b, II-c, II-d, and II-e). The majority of the TpWRKYs in a group share a similar structure and motif composition. Intra-group syntenic analysis revealed eight pairs of duplicate segments. The expression patterns of 59 TpWRKY genes in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers were examined by analyzing RNA-seq data. The expression of 12 TpWRKY genes under drought, low-temperature (4°C), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The findings indicated that TpWRKY46 was highly induced by drought stress, and TpWRKY26 and TpWRKY41 were significantly induced by low temperature stress. In addition, TpWRKY29 and TpWRKY36 were greatly induced by MeJA stress treatment, and TpWRKY17 was significantly upregulated by ABA stress treatment. In this research, we identified and comprehensively analyzed the structural features of the WRKY gene family in T.pratense, along with determined the possible roles of WRKY candidate genes in abiotic stress. These discoveries deepen our understandings of how WRKY transcription factors contribute to species evolution and functional divergence, laying a solid molecular foundation for future exploration and study of stress resistance mechanisms in T.pratense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Schomberg HH, White KE, Thompson AI, Mirsky SB. Data quantifying interseeded cover crops effects on soil water and corn productivity in corn-soybean-wheat no-till cropping systems. Data Brief 2023; 50:109465. [PMID: 37600596 PMCID: PMC10432594 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The data described support the research article entitled "Interseeded cover crop mixtures influence soil water storage during the corn phase of corn-soybean-wheat no-till cropping systems". Data were collected during the corn (Zea mays L.) phase from rotations with four different cover crop (CC) treatments. The study was conducted at the USDA research facility in Beltsville, MD from 2017 through 2020. The data are available from a repository at Ag Data Commons. Descriptions of crop rotations, soil water and temperature sensors, placement, and frequency of measurements are provided in the manuscript and repository. Hourly volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3) (VWC) and soil temperature (°C) data for each soil depth (0-12, 25-35, 50-60, 75-85 cm) are available from the repository. In the manuscript, daily values of soil water storage were used to estimate daily evapotranspiration (ET) and infiltration. A text file of meta information is provided in the repository describing data collection procedures, estimation of ET and infiltration, and methods used to replace sensor data having errors. Daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, net solar radiation, and windspeed collected at a nearby weather station are provided for estimating growing degree days and potential ET. Cover crop biomass (kg ha-1) prior to corn planting and corn yields are provided by replication and cover crop system treatment for the four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry H. Schomberg
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Kathryn E. White
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Alondra I. Thompson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Steven B. Mirsky
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Hagenblad J, Aloisi K, Marum P, Öhlund L, Solberg SØ, Asdal Å, Palmé A. Limited genetic changes observed during in situ and ex situ conservation in Nordic populations of red clover ( Trifolium pratense). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1233838. [PMID: 37621888 PMCID: PMC10445542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In situ and ex situ conservation are the two main approaches for preserving genetic diversity. The advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches have been discussed but their genetic effects have not been fully evaluated. Methods In this study we investigate the effects of the two conservation approaches on genetic diversity in red clover. Seed samples collected from wild populations in Sweden and Norway in 1980, their subsequent generations created during seed regeneration at the gene bank and samples recollected from the same location as the original samples, were analyzed with microsatellite markers, alongside reference samples from cultivars. Results Overall, there was a differentiation between cultivars and the wild material and between wild material from Sweden and Norway. In general, the original collections clustered together with the later generations of the same accession in the gene bank, and with the recollected samples from the same location, and the level of diversity remained the same among samples of the same accession. Limited gene flow from cultivated varieties to the wild populations was detected; however, some wild individuals are likely to be escapees or affected by gene flow. Discussion In conclusion, there were examples of genetic changes within individual accessions both in situ and ex situ, as is also to be expected in any living population. However, we observed only limited genetic changes in both in situ and ex situ conservation over the generations included in this study and with the relatively large populations used in the ex situ conservation in the gene bank at NordGen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hagenblad
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karolina Aloisi
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
- Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Svein Øivind Solberg
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Åsmund Asdal
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anna Palmé
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
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Al-Shami AS, Essawy AE, Elkader HTAEA. Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential neuroprotective effects of Trifolium pratense and its phytoestrogen-isoflavones in neurodegenerative disorders. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37195042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are heterogeneous, debilitating, and incurable groups of brain disorders that have common features including progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Phytoestogenic-isoflavones have been identified as active compounds that can modulate different molecular signaling pathways related to the nervous system. The main aim is to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms followed by phytoestrogen-isoflavones profound in the Trifolium pratense and discuss the latest pharmacological findings in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Data were collected using different databases. The search terms used included "Phytoestrogens," "Isoflavones," "neurodegenerative disorders," "Neuronal plasticity," etc., and combinations of these keywords. As a result, this review article mainly demonstrates the potential neuroprotective properties of phystoestrogen-isoflavones present in the Trifolium pratense (Red clover), particularly in neurodegenerative disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown that Trifolium pratense mainly includes more than 30 isoflavone compounds. Among them, phytoestrogen-isoflavones, such as biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein (Gen), etc.,are characterized by potent neuroprotective properties against different neurodegenerative disorders. There are preclinical and clinical scientific evidence on their mechanisms of action involve molecular interaction with estrogenic receptors, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antiapoptotic, autophagic inducing, and so on. phytoestrogen-isoflavones are the major bioactive components in the Trifolium pratense that exhibit therapeutic efficacy in the case of neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides detailed molecular mechanisms targeted by phytoestrogen-isoflavones and experimental key findings for the clinical use of prescriptions containing Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Paulmann MK, Wegner L, Gershenzon J, Furch ACU, Kunert G. Pea Aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum) Host Races Reduce Heat-Induced Forisome Dispersion in Vicia faba and Trifolium pratense. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091888. [PMID: 37176952 PMCID: PMC10181200 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although phloem-feeding insects such as aphids can cause significant damage to plants, relatively little is known about early plant defenses against these insects. As a first line of defense, legumes can stop the phloem mass flow through a conformational change in phloem proteins known as forisomes in response to Ca2+ influx. However, specialized phloem-feeding insects might be able to suppress the conformational change of forisomes and thereby prevent sieve element occlusion. To investigate this possibility, we triggered forisome dispersion through application of a local heat stimulus to the leaf tips of pea (Pisum sativum), clover (Trifolium pratense) and broad bean (Vicia faba) plants infested with different pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) host races and monitored forisome responses. Pea aphids were able to suppress forisome dispersion, but this depended on the infesting aphid host race, the plant species, and the age of the plant. Differences in the ability of aphids to suppress forisome dispersion may be explained by differences in the composition and quantity of the aphid saliva injected into the plant. Various mechanisms of how pea aphids might suppress forisome dispersion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Paulmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Linus Wegner
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35292 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Gligor O, Clichici S, Moldovan R, Decea N, Vlase AM, Fizeșan I, Pop A, Virag P, Filip GA, Vlase L, Crișan G. An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Antitumor Activity of Extracts Derived from Three Well-Known Plant Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091840. [PMID: 37176897 PMCID: PMC10180766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of this study consists of the assessment of the antitumor activity of several extracts from three selected plant species: Xanthium spinosum L., Trifolium pratense L., and Coffea arabica L. and also a comparative study of this biological activity, with the aim of establishing a superior herbal extract for antitumor benefits. The phytochemical profile of the extracts was established by HPLC-MS analysis. Further, the selected extracts were screened in vitro for their antitumor activity and antioxidant potential on two cancer cell lines: A549-human lung adenocarcinoma and T47D-KBluc-human breast carcinoma and on normal cells. One extract per plant was selected for in vivo assessment of antitumor activity in an Ehrlich ascites mouse model. The extracts presented high content of antitumor compounds such as caffeoylquinic acids in the case of X. spinosum L. (7.22 µg/mL-xanthatin, 4.611 µg/mL-4-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and green coffee beans (10.008 µg/mL-cafestol, 265.507 µg/mL-4-O-caffeoylquinic acid), as well as isoflavones in the case of T. pratense L. (6806.60 ng/mL-ononin, 102.78 µg/mL-biochanin A). Concerning the in vitro results, the X. spinosum L. extracts presented the strongest anticancerous and antioxidant effects. In vivo, ascites cell viability decreased after T. pratense L. and green coffee bean extracts administration, whereas the oxidative stress reduction potential was important in tumor samples after T. pratense L. Cell viability was also decreased after administration of cyclophosphamide associated with X. spinosum L. and T. pratense L. extracts, respectively. These results suggested that T. pratense L. or X. spinosum L. extracts in combination with chemotherapy can induce lipid peroxidation in tumor cells and decrease the tumor viability especially, T. pratense L. extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Gligor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Piroska Virag
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Ergon Å, Milvang ØW, Skøt L, Ruttink T. Identification of loci controlling timing of stem elongation in red clover using genotyping by sequencing of pooled phenotypic extremes. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1587-1600. [PMID: 36001174 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Through selective genotyping of pooled phenotypic extremes, we identified a number of loci and candidate genes putatively controlling timing of stem elongation in red clover. We have identified candidate genes controlling the timing of stem elongation prior to flowering in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This trait is of ecological and agronomic significance, as it affects fitness, competitivity, climate adaptation, forage and seed yield, and forage quality. We genotyped replicate pools of phenotypically extreme individuals (early and late-elongating) within cultivar Lea using genotyping-by-sequencing in pools (pool-GBS). After calling and filtering SNPs and GBS locus haplotype polymorphisms, we estimated allele frequencies and searched for markers with significantly different allele frequencies in the two phenotypic groups using BayeScan, an FST-based test utilizing replicate pools, and a test based on error variance of replicate pools. Of the three methods, BayeScan was the least stringent, and the error variance-based test the most stringent. Fifteen significant markers were identified in common by all three tests. The candidate genes flanking the markers include genes with potential roles in the vernalization, autonomous, and photoperiod regulation of floral transition, hormonal regulation of stem elongation, and cell growth. These results provide a first insight into the potential genes and mechanisms controlling transition to stem elongation in a perennial legume, which lays a foundation for further functional studies of the genetic determinants regulating this important trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Ergon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Øystein W Milvang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Leif Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, B-9090 Melle, Belgium
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11
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Lehmair TA, Poschlod P, Reisch C. The impact of environment on genetic and epigenetic variation in Trifolium pratense populations from two contrasting semi-natural grasslands. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211406. [PMID: 35620000 PMCID: PMC9114947 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Central European grasslands, such as calcareous grasslands and oat-grass meadows, are characterized by diverse environmental conditions and management regimes. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential differences in genetic and epigenetic variation patterns between the contrasting habitats and to identify the drivers of genetic and epigenetic variation. We investigated the genetic and epigenetic variation of the ecologically variable plant species Trifolium pratense L. applying amplified fragment length polymorphism and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analyses. We observed low levels of genetic and epigenetic differentiation among populations and between habitat types. Genetic and epigenetic variations were not interdependent. Thus, genetic variation was significantly isolated by habitat dissimilarity, whereas epigenetic variation was affected by environment. More specifically, we observed a significant correlation of epigenetic diversity with soil moisture and soil pH (the latter potentially resulting in phosphorus limitation). Genetic variation was, therefore, affected more strongly by habitat-specific environmental conditions induced by land use-related disturbance and gene flow patterns, while epigenetic variation was driven by challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Anna Lehmair
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Institute of Plant Sciences, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Institute of Plant Sciences, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reisch
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Institute of Plant Sciences, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Khazaei MR, Gravandi E, Ghanbari E, Niromand E, Khazaei M. Trifolium pratense extract increases testosterone and improves sperm characteristics and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:576-583. [PMID: 35164615 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2039766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Trifolium pratense exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. We investigated the effects of an extract of T. pratense on serum antioxidant status, sperm characteristics, testicular tissue changes and testosterone level in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: 1, untreated control; 2, diabetic; 3 and 4, 100 or 200 mg/kg T. pratense extract treated, respectively; 5 and 6, diabetic 100 or 200 mg/kg T. pratense extract treated, respectively. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After 3 weeks, serum glucose, testosterone and nitric oxide (NO); sperm parameters; testicular histology and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. In diabetic rats treated with T. pratense extract, sperm motility, count and viability, as well as TAC and testosterone were increased significantly compared to untreated diabetic rats, while serum NO and bcl-2 and p53 expression was decreased significantly compared to untreated diabetic rats. T. pratense extract reduced testicular tissue destruction caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Gravandi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Niromand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Quah Y, Park NH, Lee EB, Lee KJ, Yi-Le JC, Ali MS, Jang SH, Kim MJ, Lee SJ, Park SC. Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract alters the gut microbiota composition and regulates serum lipid profile in the ovariectomized rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:5. [PMID: 34983484 PMCID: PMC8725312 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trifolium pratense (red clover) ethanolic extract (TPEE) has been used as a popular over-the-counter remedy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Prolonged consumption of herbal extract has been shown to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of TPEE on the gut microbiota composition in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods OVX rats were treated with TPEE at 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/day, or controls (pomegranate extract, 500 mg/kg/day; estradiol, 25 μg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota analysis was conducted by extracting the microbial DNA from fecal samples and microbiome taxonomic profiling was carried out by using next-generation sequencing. The levels of serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The prediction of functional biomarker of microbiota was performed using PICRUSt to investigate the potential pathways associated with gut health and serum lipid profile regulation. To study the correlation between gut microbiota composition and serum lipid levels, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were defined and analyzed. Additionally, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to uncover additional physiologically active ingredients. Results TPEE-treated OVX rats showed significant reduction in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterols (TCHOL), and LDL/VLDL levels but increase in HDL level. The alteration in the pathways involve in metabolism was the most common among the other KEGG categories. Particularly, TPEE also significantly reduced the relative abundance of sequences read associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. TPEE intervention was seen to reduce the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the OVX rats, denoting a reduction in microbial dysbiosis in the OVX rats. Correlation analysis at the phylum level revealed that Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria were strongly correlated with serum TG, TCHOL and HDL levels. At the species level, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum group was seen to positively correlate with serum HDL level and negatively correlated with serum AST, ALT, LDL/VLDL, TCHOL, and TG levels. Conclusions TPEE treatment showed therapeutic benefits by improving the intestinal microbiota composition which strongly correlated with the serum lipid and cholesterol levels in the OVX rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03486-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Quah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hye Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ja Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jireh Chan Yi-Le
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.,Centre of IoT and Big Data, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Seung-Hee Jang
- Teazen Co. Ltd., Gyegok-myeon, Haenam-gun, Jeollanam-do, 59017, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Teazen Co. Ltd., Gyegok-myeon, Haenam-gun, Jeollanam-do, 59017, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Reproductive and Development Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kanadys W, Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Drop B, Kanecki K, Malm M. Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041258. [PMID: 33920485 PMCID: PMC8069620 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The meta-analysis presented in this article covered the efficacy of red clover isoflavones in relieving hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Studies were identified by MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library searches. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to Cochrane criteria. A meta-analysis of eight trials (ten comparisons) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the daily incidence of hot flushes in women receiving red clover compared to those receiving placebo: weighted mean difference (WMD—weighted mean difference) −1.73 hot flushes per day, 95% CI (confidence interval) −3.28 to −0.18; p = 0.0292. Due to 87.34% homogeneity, the performed analysis showed substantive difference in comparisons of postmenopausal women with ≥5 hot flushes per day, when the follow-up period was 12 weeks, with an isoflavone dose of ≥80 mg/day, and when the formulations contained a higher proportion of biochanin A. The meta-analysis of included studies assessing the effect of red clover isoflavone extract on menopausal symptoms showed a statistically moderate relationship with the reduction in the daily frequency of hot flushes. However, further well-designed studies are required to confirm the present findings and to finally determine the effects of red clover on the relief of flushing episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Kanadys
- Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (B.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Barańska
- Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (B.D.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Błaszczuk
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (B.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Warsaw Medical University, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Malm
- Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (B.D.); (M.M.)
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15
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Paulmann MK, Zimmermann MR, Wegner L, van Bel AJE, Kunert G, Furch ACU. Species-Specific and Distance-Dependent Dispersive Behaviour of Forisomes in Different Legume Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E492. [PMID: 33419062 PMCID: PMC7825422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Forisomes are giant fusiform protein complexes composed of sieve element occlusion (SEO) protein monomers, exclusively found in sieve elements (SEs) of legumes. Forisomes block the phloem mass flow by a Ca2+-induced conformational change (swelling and rounding). We studied the forisome reactivity in four different legume species-Medicago sativa, Pisum sativum, Trifolium pratense and Vicia faba. Depending on the species, we found direct relationships between SE diameter, forisome surface area and distance from the leaf tip, all indicative of a developmentally tuned regulation of SE diameter and forisome size. Heat-induced forisome dispersion occurred later with increasing distance from the stimulus site. T. pratense and V. faba dispersion occurred faster for forisomes with a smaller surface area. Near the stimulus site, electro potential waves (EPWs)-overlapping action (APs), and variation potentials (VPs)-were linked with high full-dispersion rates of forisomes. Distance-associated reduction of forisome reactivity was assigned to the disintegration of EPWs into APs, VPs and system potentials (SPs). Overall, APs and SPs alone were unable to induce forisome dispersion and only VPs above a critical threshold were capable of inducing forisome reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Paulmann
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.K.P.); (M.R.Z.); (L.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Matthias R. Zimmermann
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.K.P.); (M.R.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Linus Wegner
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.K.P.); (M.R.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Aart J. E. van Bel
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.K.P.); (M.R.Z.); (L.W.)
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16
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Miranda-Apodaca J, Mena-Petite A, Lacuesta M, Muñoz-Rueda A, Pérez-López U. A physiological approach to study the competition ability of the grassland species Trifolium pratense and Agrostis capillaris. J Plant Physiol 2020; 254:153284. [PMID: 33010664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of plant species to external factors depends partly on the interaction with the environment and with the other species that coexist in the same ecosystem. Several studies have investigated the main traits that determine the competitive capacity of plant species, and although the relevance of the traits is not clear, traits both from belowground and aboveground have been observed. In this paper, we grew Trifolium pratense and Agrostis capillaris in intra- and interspecific competition, analyzing the photosynthetic metabolism and nitrogen uptake, among other variables. The results indicated that T. pratense possesses better competition ability due to the higher competitive performance for soil resources compared to A. capillaris, explained by a higher root biomass and a higher nitrogen uptake rate in the former than in the latter. These traits permitted T. pratense to show higher photosynthetic rate than A. capillaris when both species were grown in mixture. Furthermore, the interspecific competition provoked A. capillaris to activate its antioxidant metabolism, through SOD activity, to detoxify the reactive oxygen species generated due to its lower capacity for using the photochemical energy absorbed. In this experiment, we conclude that the competitiveness seems to be more related with soil resources competition than with light competition, and that the photosynthetic rate decline in A. capillaris is more a secondary effect as a consequence of nitrogen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Miranda-Apodaca
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Amaia Mena-Petite
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Pº de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Pº de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Folly AJ, Stevenson PC, Brown MJF. Age-related pharmacodynamics in a bumblebee-microsporidian system mirror similar patterns in vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.217828. [PMID: 32107305 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune systems provide a key defence against diseases. However, they are not a panacea and so both vertebrates and invertebrates co-opt naturally occurring bioactive compounds to treat themselves against parasites and pathogens. In vertebrates, this co-option is complex, with pharmacodynamics leading to differential effects of treatment at different life stages, which may reflect age-linked differences in the immune system. However, our understanding of pharmacodynamics in invertebrates is almost non-existent. Critically, this knowledge may elucidate broad parallels across animals in regard to the requirement for the co-option of bioactive compounds to ameliorate disease. Here, we used biochanin A, an isoflavone found in the pollen of red clover (Trifolium pratense), to therapeutically treat Nosema bombi (Microsporidia) infection in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) larvae and adults, and thus examine age-linked pharmacodynamics in an invertebrate. Therapeutic treatment of larvae with biochanin A did not reduce the infection intensity of N. bombi in adults. In contrast, therapeutic treatment of adults did reduce the infection intensity of N. bombi This transition in parasite resistance to bioactive compounds mirrors the age-linked pharmacodynamics of vertebrates. Understanding how different life-history stages respond to therapeutic compounds will provide novel insights into the evolution of foraging and self-medication behaviour in natural systems more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arran J Folly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EY, UK .,Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, London TW9 3AE, UK.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EY, UK
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18
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Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA. Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) Improve SIRT1 Expression and Glycogen Content in High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000019. [PMID: 32187456 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flowering tops of Trifolium pratense L. (Fabaceae) are known for its traditional medicinal values. In present study, our aim was to investigate effect of standardized aqueous extract of flowering tops of Trifolium pratense L. on insulin resistance and SIRT1 expression in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding high fat diet and administering low dose of streptozotocin. Diabetic animals were treated with standardized aqueous extract at three different doses. Parameters such as blood glucose, lipid profile, glycohemoglobin, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR and liver glycogen content were measured. Changes in morphology and expression of SIRT1 in pancreatic tissue were measured in histopathological and immunohistological studies. Aqueous extract treatment showed reduction in hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity. Extract treatment also showed reduction in formation of glycated hemoglobin and improved liver glycogen level. Histopathological study revealed protecting effect of extract in pancreatic tissue against hyperglycemia induced damage. Treatment increased expression of SIRT1 in rat pancreatic tissue. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of Trifolium pratense had beneficial role in improving insulin sensitivity and SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L.Mehta road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.,SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L.Mehta road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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19
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Bertrand A, Rocher S, Claessens A, Bipfubusa M, Papadopoulos Y, Castonguay Y. Biochemical and molecular responses during overwintering of red clover populations recurrently selected for improved freezing tolerance. Plant Sci 2020; 292:110388. [PMID: 32005393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low freezing tolerance reduces the persistence of red clover under northern climate. The incidence of winter damages in perennial crops could increase in the future due to the adverse effects of the predicted warmer fall temperature on plant cold acclimation. To accelerate breeding progress, two cultivars of red clover Christie (C-TF0) and Endure (E-TF0) were exposed to a recurrent selection protocol for freezing tolerance performed indoor. New populations were obtained after five (C-TF5 and E-TF5), six (C-TF6 and E-TF6), and seven (C-TF7 and E-TF7) cycles of recurrent selection. These populations were overwintered under natural conditions and monitored for freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular traits. Freezing tolerance was improved by up to 6 °C in recurrently selected populations when compared to initial cultivars confirming that further progress are achieved with advanced cycles of selection. Monthly analysis of biochemical changes shows that higher starch concentrations at the onset of the fall hardening period are contributing to the acquisition of superior freezing tolerance through its impact on sucrose accumulation. They also contribute to the vigor of spring regrowth by sustaining more pinitol and proline synthesis. Larger concentrations of these metabolites in populations with higher levels of freezing tolerance (TF7) hint at their involvement in winter survival of red clover. Among genes differentially expressed in response to both cold acclimation and recurrent selection, a concomitant cold induction of APPR9 and cold repression of 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate synthase suggests a link between the repression of a pathway regulated by ethylene and the improvement of freezing tolerance in red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solen Rocher
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, Canada
| | | | - Marie Bipfubusa
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Grains Inc. (CÉROM), Beloeil, Canada
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Lee SA, Park BR, Moon SM, Han SH, Kim CS. Anti-inflammatory potential of Trifolium pratense L. leaf extract in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:74-81. [PMID: 30320514 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1493607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of a 40% prethanol extract of Trifolium pratense leaves (40% PeTP) using in vitro (RAW264.7 cells) and in vivo (carrageenan-induced inflammation model) experiments. Pretreatment with 40% PeTP significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells, without inducing cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of 40% PeTP are mediated through suppression of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Oral administration of 40% PeTP at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of body weight suppressed carrageenan-induced oedema in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results suggested that 40% PeTP exerts potential anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in vitro, and by reducing carrageenan-induced paw oedema in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Moon
- CStech Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Hee Han
- CStech Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ferraris C, Ballestra B, Listorti C, Cappelletti V, Reduzzi C, Scaperrotta GP, Pulice I, Ferrari EGA, Folli S, Mariani L, Martelli G. Red clover and lifestyle changes to contrast menopausal symptoms in premenopausal patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer receiving tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:157-165. [PMID: 31975316 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a red clover preparation plus dietary intervention administered to premenopausal women with breast cancer (BC), improves menopausal symptoms due to anti-oestrogen treatment, and hence promotes compliance with tamoxifen, prevents weight gain and is safe. METHODS Surgically-treated premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor (ER) positive disease taking tamoxifen were recruited to a prospective double-blind randomized trial (NCT03844685). The red clover group (N = 42) received one oral tablet/day (Promensil® Forte) containing 80 mg red clover extract for 24 months. The placebo group (N = 39) received one oral tablet/day without active ingredient. All women were encouraged to follow a Mediterranean-type diet and keep active. Outcomes were Menopausal Rating Score (MRS), body mass index (BMI), waist and hip girth, insulin resistance, and levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and sex hormones. As safety indicators, endometrial thickness, breast density, and effects of patient serum on ER-positive BC cell lines were investigated. RESULTS MRS reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) with no between-group difference (p = 0.69). The red clover group had significantly greater reductions in BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.0001 both cases). HDL cholesterol increased significantly in both groups (p = 0.01). Hormone levels and insulin resistance changed little. Endometrial thickness remained constant (p = 0.93). Breast density decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.0001). Proliferation and oestrogen-regulated gene expression didn't differ in cell lines treated with serum from each group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first trial to assess red clover in BC patients on tamoxifen. The preparation proved safe clinically and in vitro, and was associated with reduced BMI and waist circumference, but the diet-lifestyle intervention probably improved the menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferraris
- Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Ballestra
- Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Listorti
- Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Biomarker Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Carolina Reduzzi
- Biomarker Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco P Scaperrotta
- Breast Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Iolanda Pulice
- Clinical Studies Scientific Director's Office, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora G A Ferrari
- Pharmacy and Experimental Clinical Studies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Secondo Folli
- Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Trials Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Martelli
- Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Jokinen JI, Irving LJ. Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover- Orobanche Minor Host-Parasite Interaction. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E146. [PMID: 31159192 PMCID: PMC6631064 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infection by holoparasitic plants typically causes decreases in host mass, thought to be primarily as a result of resource abstraction. Inverse relationships have been noted between the number of Orobanche spp. parasites infecting a host and their mass, suggesting that the parasites compete for a shared resource pool, assumed to be recently fixed carbon (C). In clover, nitrogen (N) fixation requires a high proportion of daily photosynthate and represents a potential competitor for recently fixed C. We grew Trifolium pratense, either singly or parasitised by Orobanche minor, under high or low light levels, and with or without exogenous N supply. Low light and N deficiency led to decreased host biomass, while the damage caused by parasitism was proportionate to host mass. Parasitism caused reductions in host leaf mass, area, photosynthetic rates and shoot N concentration, but did not affect starch accumulation. Parasite mass as a proportion of system biomass was significantly higher when attached to plants grown at high light, which was attributed to higher photoassimilate supply, while the N supply had no effect. While both N limitation and parasitism caused reductions in host growth, little evidence of competition for C between N fixation and the parasites was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel I Jokinen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Louis J Irving
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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23
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Rybak AV, Belykh ES, Maystrenko TA, Velegzhaninov IO. Microsatellite polymorphism of Trifolium pratense population at the conditions of radioactive and chemical contamination of soil (Komi republic, Russia). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:34701-34710. [PMID: 30324368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is no clear understanding of microevolutionary changes in natural populations of plants and animals due to anthropogenic contamination of the environment with toxicants and mutagens. But such data are necessary to forecast long-term effects of human activity. In this research, we studied genetic polymorphism in T. pratense sampled from seven sites varying in radioactive and chemical soil contamination in the vicinity of Vodny settlement (Komi, Russia). Analysis of five SSR loci was shown to be similar in a whole (N), mean (Na) and effective (Ne) numbers of alleles, heterozygosity indexes (Ho and He), and the Shannon index (I). Difference in the private allele numbers was registered: the most contaminated site has 5 and others from 0 up 2 private alleles. No difference was found in the genetic structure of T. pratense population growing at the conditions of radioactive and chemical contamination. The Bayesian analysis provided evidence of a single cluster (K = 1) due to a similar genetic structure of samples, while AMOVA results demonstrated a high variability within individuals (75%) and a low variability (1%) among groups of T. pratense from sites that differ in the contamination level. Thus, the long-term radioactive and heavy metal contamination of soil did not result in significant microevolutionary changes in T. pratense population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Elena S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982.
| | - Tatiana A Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
- Polytechnical Institute of Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russian Federation
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Furch ACU, Paulmann MK, Wegner L, Kunert G, Van Bel AJ. Comparison of intracellular location and stimulus reaction times of forisomes in sieve tubes of four legume species. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1503493. [PMID: 30111246 PMCID: PMC6149409 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1503493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forisomes in legumes are responsible for fast sieve-element occlusion in response to injury to the vascular system. This prevents uncontrolled leakage of phloem sap and protects against invasion of pathogens. Here we compared forisomes of four different legumes (Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa) by their location (basal, central, apical) in the sieve element and reactivity to a distant heat stimulus. In each species, the majority of forisomes was located basally. Yet, we found differences in intracellular location: forisomes are distributed more evenly in the sieve elements of Pisum. After burning, basally located forisomes of the four species reacted with dispersion, followed by a spontaneous recondensation with similar reaction times. The results suggest universal forisome behaviour in fabacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria K. Paulmann
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Linus Wegner
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Aart J.E. Van Bel
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Rundlöf M, Lundin O, Bommarco R. Annual flower strips support pollinators and potentially enhance red clover seed yield. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7974-7985. [PMID: 30250677 PMCID: PMC6144972 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological intensification provides opportunity to increase agricultural productivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts, by supporting ecosystem services such as crop pollination and biological pest control. For this we need to develop targeted management solutions that provide critical resources to service-providing organisms at the right time and place. We tested whether annual strips of early flowering phacelia Phacelia tanacetifolia support pollinators and natural enemies of seed weevils Protapion spp., by attracting and offering nectar and pollen before the crop flowers. This was expected to increase yield of red clover Trifolium pratense seed. We monitored insect pollinators, pests, natural enemies and seed yields in a total of 50 clover fields along a landscape heterogeneity gradient, over 2 years and across two regions in southern Sweden. About half of the fields were sown with flower strips of 125-2,000 m2. The clover fields were pollinated by 60% bumble bees Bombus spp. and 40% honey bees Apis mellifera. The clover seed yield was negatively associated with weevil density, but was unrelated to bee species richness and density. Flower strips enhanced bumble bees species richness in the clover fields, with the strongest influence in heterogeneous landscapes. There were few detectable differences between crop fields with and without flower strips. However, long-tongued bumble bees were redistributed toward field interiors and during phacelia bloom honey bees toward field edges. Clover seed yield also increased with increasing size of the flower strip. We conclude that annual flower strips of early flower resources can support bumble bee species richness and, if sufficiently large, possibly also increase crop yields. However, clover seed yield was mainly limited by weevil infestation, which was not influenced by the annual flower strips. A future goal should be to design targeted measures for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rundlöf
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Ola Lundin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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26
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Zhang YZ, Zhang J, Tan L, Xia Z, Wang CZ, Zhou LD, Zhang Q, Yuan CS. Preparation and evaluation of temperature and magnetic dual-responsive molecularly imprinted polymers for the specific enrichment of formononetin. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3060-3068. [PMID: 29878532 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by simple surface molecular imprinting polymerization for the selective adsorption and enrichment of formononetin from Trifolium pretense by temperature regulation. Using formononetin as a template, N-isopropylacrylamide as the thermo-responsive functional monomer, and methacrylic acid as an assisting functional monomer, the polymers were synthesized on the surface of the magnetic substrate. The results show that imprinted polymers attained controlled adsorption of formononetin in response to the temperature change, with large adsorption capacity (16.43 mg/g), fast kinetics (60 min) and good selectivity at 35°C compared with that at 25 and 45°C. The selectivity experiment indicated that the materials had excellent recognition ability for formononetin and the selectivity factors were between 1.32 and 2.98 towards genistein and daidzein. The excellent linearity was attained in the range of 5-100 μg/mL, with low detection limits and low quantitation limits of 0.017 and 0.063 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the thermo-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully utilized for enriching and purifying formononetin from Trifolium pretense. The analytical results indicate that the imprinted polymers are promising materials for selective identification and enrichment of formononetin in complicated herbal medicines by simple temperature-responsive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Lian-Di Zhou
- Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qihui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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27
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Miranda-Apodaca J, Pérez-López U, Lacuesta M, Mena-Petite A, Muñoz-Rueda A. The interaction between drought and elevated CO 2 in water relations in two grassland species is species-specific. J Plant Physiol 2018; 220:193-202. [PMID: 29197761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can have major consequences for grassland communities since the different species of the community utilize different mechanisms for adaptation to drought and elevated CO2 levels. In addition, contradictory data exist when the combined effects of elevated CO2 and drought are analyzed because the soil water content is not usually similar between CO2 concentrations. Thus, the objectives of this work have been to examine the effect of water stress on plant water relations in two grassland species (Trifolium pratense and Agrostis capillaris), analyzing the possible differences between the two species when soil water content is equal in all treatments, and to elucidate if development under elevated CO2 increases drought tolerance and if so, which are the underlying mechanisms. At ambient CO2, when soil volumetric water content was 15%, both species decreased their water potential in order to continue taking up water. Trifolium pratense performed osmotic adjustment, while Agrostis capillaris decreased the rigidity of its cell wall; moreover, both species increased the root to shoot ratio and decreased leaf area. However, these mechanisms were not sufficient to maintain cell turgor. Elevated CO2 partially mitigated the negative impact of drought on turgor potential in Trifolium pratense through a higher osmotic adjustment and root to shoot ratio and in Agrostis capillaris through a higher leaf relative water content caused by higher hydraulic conductance, but the impact of drought was not mitigated in either species by higher soil water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Miranda-Apodaca
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, P° de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Amaia Mena-Petite
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Myers SP, Vigar V. Effects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 2017; 24:141-147. [PMID: 28160855 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically assess the evidence for a specific standardised extract of Trifolium pratense isoflavones (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg/day in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes. DATA SOURCES Systematic literature searches were performed in Medline, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, AMED and InforRMIT and citations obtained from 1996 to March 2016. Reference lists were checked; corresponding authors contacted and the grey literature searched for additional publications. REVIEW METHODS Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All randomised clinical trials of a specific standardised extract of Trifolium pratense isoflavones (Promensil) used as a mono-component at 80mg/day and measuring vasomotor symptoms were included. The data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by one reviewer and validated by a second with any disagreements being settled by discussion. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous data using the fixed-effects model. RESULTS Twenty potentially relevant papers were identified, with only five studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated a statistical and clinically relevant reduction in hot flush frequency in the active treatment group compared to placebo. Weighted mean difference 3.63 hot flushes per day: [95% CI 2.70-4.56]; p˂0.00001). Due to a lack of homogeneity a priori defined sub-group analyses were performed demonstrating a substantive difference between cross-over and parallel-arm clinical trial designs. CONCLUSION There is evidence for a statistical and clinically significant benefit for using a specific standardised extract of red clover isoflavones (Promensil) at 80mg/day for treating hot flushes in menopausal women across the 3 studies included in the meta-analysis. The preparation was safe over the short-term duration of the studies (3 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Myers
- NatMed-Research Unit, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - V Vigar
- NatMed-Research Unit, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Kocová V, Straková N, Kolarčik V, Rákai A, Mártonfi P. Endoreduplication as a part of flower ontogeny in Trifolium pratense cultivars. Bot Stud 2016; 57:34. [PMID: 28597444 PMCID: PMC5430558 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoreduplication appears in numerous plant species and plays a vital role during ontogeny. The presence of polyploid cells in an otherwise diploid organism is tied specifically to the taxonomy, ecology and physiology of the studied specimen. Little is known about the changes in endopolyploidy levels of floral organs during their development. In order to uncover the workings of endoreduplication in polysomatic species, our study examines flowers of T. pratense in three ontogenetic stages by means of flow cytometry. RESULTS Cultivar 'Manuela' is characterized by the presence of 2C-8C and 'Dajana' 2C-16C nuclei. In general, the frequencies of nuclei only slightly changed during development. Endopolyploidy levels represented by endoreduplication index (EI) in the 'Manuela' sepals and stamens showed statistical differences between young and old stages, other organs of both cultivars between stages are not statistically different. Significant differences between 'Manuela' and 'Dajana' cultivars were found only in sepals of I. stage, and in petals and carpels of III. stage. Cultivars showed a similar pattern of endopolyploidy. However, a considerable decrease in EI 'Manuela' petals and carpels at III. stage was detected as opposed to 'Dajana'. Overall, a higher endoreduplication index is distinctive for organs of the 'Dajana' cultivar. CONCLUSIONS In this study we prove the permanent presence of endopolyploid cells in the floral organs of T. pratense throughout their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Kocová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Vladislav Kolarčik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Albert Rákai
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Mártonfi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
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30
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Kagan IA. Blackpatch of Clover, Cause of Slobbers Syndrome: A Review of the Disease and the Pathogen, Rhizoctonia leguminicola. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:3. [PMID: 26858953 PMCID: PMC4728212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia leguminicola Gough and Elliott is a widely used name for the causal agent of blackpatch disease of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This fungal pathogen produces alkaloids (slaframine and swainsonine) that affect grazing mammals. Slaframine causes livestock to salivate profusely, and swainsonine causes neurological problems. Although the blackpatch fungus was classified as a Rhizoctonia species (phylum Basidiomycota), morphological studies have indicated that it is in the phylum Ascomycota, and sequencing data have indicated that it may be a new genus of ascomycete. The effects of the alkaloids on grazing mammals and their biosynthetic pathways have been extensively studied. In contrast, few studies have been done on management of the disease, which requires a greater understanding of the pathogen. Methods of disease management have included seed treatments and fungicides, but these have not been investigated since the 1950s. Searches for resistant cultivars have been limited. This review summarizes the biological effects and biosynthetic precursors of slaframine and swainsonine. Emphasis is placed on current knowledge about the epidemiology of blackpatch disease and the ecology and taxonomy of the pathogen. Possibilities for future research and disease management efforts are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A Kagan
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service , Lexington, KY , USA
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31
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Nyabuga FN, Carrasco D, Ranåker L, Andersson MN, Birgersson G, Larsson MC, Lundin O, Rundlöf M, Svensson GP, Anderbrant O, Lankinen Å. Field Abundance Patterns and Odor-Mediated Host Choice by Clover Seed Weevils, Apion fulvipes and Apion trifolii (Coleoptera: Apionidae). J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:492-503. [PMID: 26470160 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The clover seed weevils Apion fulvipes Geoffroy, 1785 and Apion trifolii L., 1768 (Coleoptera: Apionidae) cause major losses to seed production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), respectively. Clover is important as animal forage and an alternative to inorganic fertilizers. Because clover is mainly pollinated by bees, the use of insecticides in management of these weevils is discouraged. To gain basic knowledge for development of alternative management strategies, we investigated weevil field abundance over two growing seasons, as well as feeding and olfactory host preferences by A. fulvipes and A. trifolii. Field trap catches in southern Sweden revealed that white clover was dominated by A. fulvipes and red clover by A. trifolii. For both weevil species, female catches were positively correlated to the number of clover buds and flowers in the field. In feeding and olfactory bioassays, females of A. fulvipes and A. trifolii showed a preference for T. repens and T. pratense, respectively. However, the feeding preference was lost when the antennae were removed, indicating a significant role of olfaction in host choice. Male weevils of both species did not show clear olfactory or feeding preferences for host plant species. The field study and laboratory bioassays demonstrate that, at least for female weevils, olfaction is important for selection of host plants. We discuss these novel results in the context of managing these important pests of clover by exploiting olfaction and behavioral attraction to host plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin N Nyabuga
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Corresponding author,
| | - David Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynn Ranåker
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ola Lundin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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32
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Chen T, Zhong FJ, Hong YM, Su WJ, Zhuang LL, Qiu LX. Effect of Trifolium pratense extract on methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:194-8. [PMID: 24702805 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The potential of Trifolium pratense (red clover) extract in the prevention of lipid disorder has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the aim was to determine whether and how red clover extract affected the development of murine diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding mice with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analyses. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels. RESULTS Hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation was observed in MCD diet-fed mice, and this diet-induced steatosis was significantly attenuated, whereas liver inflammation was not significantly attenuated, by red clover extract treatment. Consistent with the results of H&E staining, the MCD diet-induced increase of liver triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by red clover extract treatment. However, with the improvement in hepatic steatosis, mRNA levels of acetyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and liver fatty acid-binding protein, three genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, were unaffected. CONCLUSION Red clover extract alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but did not ameliorate liver inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and the improvement in hepatic steatosis was not through activating PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Fo-Jin Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Ya-Min Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Wei-Jiao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Long-Xin Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan 364000, China.
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Gartoulla P, Han MM. Red clover extract for alleviating hot flushes in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Maturitas 2014; 79:58-64. [PMID: 25074017 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of red clover for alleviating menopausal hot flushes are yet to be established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to generate evidence from published literature regarding red clover as a treatment option for menopausal hot flushes. The results showed that red clover when compared to placebo was effective in reducing menopausal hot flushes when administered for 3-4 months (MD=-1.34, 95% CI=-1.90 to -0.77, p<0.00001), but their effect did not persist at 12 months (MD=0.89, 95% CI=-0.07 to 1.85, p=0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Gartoulla
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Myo Mint Han
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Spagnuolo P, Rasini E, Luini A, Legnaro M, Luzzani M, Casareto E, Carreri M, Paracchini S, Marino F, Cosentino M. Isoflavone content and estrogenic activity of different batches of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) extracts: an in vitro study in MCF-7 cells. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:62-9. [PMID: 24508860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The estrogenicity of different batches of red clover (Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae; RCL) extracts and its relationship with the isoflavone content were assessed by measuring MCF-7 cell proliferation by flow cytometry and propidium iodide staining. RCL extracts were compared to estradiol (E2) and to the main RCL isoflavones biochanin A, daidzein, genistein and formononetin. Isoflavone content in the extracts was assayed by HPLC. E2 and isoflavones increased MCF-7 proliferation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with the following potency order: E2>>>genistein>biochanin A=daidzein>formononetin. Extracts increased MCF-7 proliferation with different potencies, which in four out of five extracts correlated with the ratios 5,7-dihydroxyisoflavones/7-hydroxyisoflavones. The efficacy of all extracts increased with decreasing genistein contents. A solution containing the main isoflavones at the average concentration of RCL extracts increased MCF-7 proliferation with higher potency and steeper concentration-response curve. The effects of E2, of RCL extracts and of the isoflavone solution were inhibited by the estrogen receptor antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Flow cytometric analysis of MCF-7 proliferation is a suitable bioassay for the estrogenicity of RCL extracts, thus expanding the characterization of individual batches beyond assessment of chemical composition and contributing to improved standardization of quality and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Spagnuolo
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rasini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Legnaro
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is an important forage plant from the legume family with great importance in agronomy and livestock nourishment. Nevertheless, assembling its medium-sized genome presents a challenge, given current hardware and software possibilities. Next-generation sequencing technologies enable us to generate large amounts of sequence data at low cost. In this study, the genome assembly and red clover genome features are presented. METHODS First, assembly software was assessed using data sets from a closely related species to find the best possible combination of assembler plus error correction program to assemble the red clover genome. The newly sequenced genome was characterized by repetitive content, number of protein-coding and nonprotein-coding genes, and gene families and functions. Genome features were also compared with those of other sequenced plant species. KEY RESULTS Abyss with Echo correction was used for de novo assembly of the red clover genome. The presented assembly comprises ∼314.6 Mbp. In contrast to leguminous species with comparable genome sizes, the genome of T. pratense contains a larger repetitive portion and more abundant retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Overall, 47 398 protein-coding genes were annotated from 64 761 predicted genes. Comparative analysis revealed several gene families that are characteristic for T. pratense. Resistance genes, leghemoglobins, and nodule-specific cystein-rich peptides were identified and compared with other sequenced species. CONCLUSIONS The presented red clover genomic data constitute a resource for improvement through molecular breeding and for comparison to other sequenced plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Istvánek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Signorelli S, Casaretto E, Sainz M, Díaz P, Monza J, Borsani O. Antioxidant and photosystem II responses contribute to explain the drought-heat contrasting tolerance of two forage legumes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:195-203. [PMID: 23792824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of metabolic targets of environmental stress factors is critical to improve the stress tolerance of plants. Studying the biochemical and physiological responses of plants with different capacities to deal with stress is a valid approach to reach this objective. Lotus corniculatus (lotus) and Trifolium pratense (clover) are legumes with contrasting summer stress tolerances. In stress conditions, which are defined as drought, heat or a combination of both, we found that differential biochemical responses of leaves explain these behaviours. Lotus and clover showed differences in water loss control, proline accumulation and antioxidant enzymatic capacity. Drought and/or heat stress induced a large accumulation of proline in the tolerant species (lotus), whereas heat stress did not cause proline accumulation in the sensitive species (clover). In lotus, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD were induced by drought, but in clover, the SOD-isoform profile was not affected by stress. Moreover, lotus has more SOD-isoforms and a higher total SOD activity than clover. The functionality and electrophoretic profile of photosystem II (PSII) proteins under stress also exhibited differences between the two species. In lotus, PSII activity was drastically affected by combined stress and, interestingly, was correlated with D2 protein degradation. Possible implications of this event as an adaption mechanism in tolerant species are discussed. We conclude that the stress-tolerant capability of lotus is related to its ability to respond to oxidative damage and adaption of the photosynthetic machinery. This reveals that these two aspects should be included in the evaluation of the tolerance of species to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Gray FA, Williams JL, Griffin GD, Wilson TE. Distribution in the Western United States on Alfalfa and Cultivar Reaction to Mixed Populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi. J Nematol 1994; 26:705-719. [PMID: 19279952 PMCID: PMC2619569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Percentages of A. ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. Only Ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. All of the 16 fields sampled in Wyoming contained both nematodes. Percentages of A. ritzemabosi in the Wyoming samples ranged from 0.7-30.0%, with an overall mean of 10.3%. Individual plants collected from a field in Big Horn, Wyoming, all contained both nematodes. Percentages of A. ritzemabosi in tissue ranged from 5-70%. Alfalfa stem nematode symptomatic plants in 17 of 18 alfalfa cultivars collected from a screening nursery in California contained both nematodes, of which 10-94% were A. ritzemabosi. Only one cultivar had D. dipsaci only, and no entries had A. ritzemabosi only. Under environmentally controlled conditions, A. ritzemabosi reproduced in all nine alfalfa cultivars tested at 6 weeks of age with a mean reproductive factor (final population/initial population) of 4.1. There were more (P </= 0.05) A. ritzemabosi in stem and bud tissue of the susceptible cultivars at harvest than in the resistant cultivars with combined cultivar means of 238, 42, 78, and 4 A. ritzemabosi/g tissue for the susceptible, moderately resistant, resistant, and highly resistant cultivars, respectively. Percentage A. ritzemabosi in tissues decreased over time in seedlings but increased in older plants.
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Willis CB. Effects of potassium fertilization and Pratylenchus penetrans on yield and potassium content of red clover and alfalfa. J Nematol 1976; 8:116-121. [PMID: 19308208 PMCID: PMC2620161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Red clover and alfalfa were inoculated with Pratylenchus penetrans and grown in an Alberry sandy loam soil to which potassium (K) was added at seeding at 0, 41.5, 83, and 166 microg/g. In one experiment with alfalfa, additional K was added after each forage cut to replace that which was removed. Nematode populations were not consistently affected by K fertilization. Nematode infection stunted red clover and alfalfa and resulted in lower yields at all K levels, except for alfalfa at the lowest K level. Nematode infection had no effect on taproot yields. However, it resulted in lower rootlet yields from red clover at all K levels, lower rootlet yields from alfalfa only at the highest K level in one experiment, and lower rootlet yields at all but the lowest K level in a second experiment, potassium fertilization enhanced yield of red clover and alfalfa. Yield increases were smaller from increased K fertilization in nematode-infested soil than in noninfested soil. Pralylenchus penetrans had little effect on the K content of red clover or alfalfa. The stunting of plants from nematode infection resulted in less K being removed from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Willis
- Agriculture Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Chapman RA, Turner DR. Effect of Meloidogyne incognita on Reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in Red Clover and Alfalfa. J Nematol 1975; 7:6-9. [PMID: 19308128 PMCID: PMC2620081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots of seedlings of red clover and alfalfa growing on 10(1) Hoagland and Arnon solution agar were inoculated with various combinations of Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus penetrans. Egg-laying by P. penetrans decreased as the number of nematodes, the ratio of entrant M. incognita to entrant P. penetrans, and the priority of invasion of roots by M. incognita increased. Embryogeny and hatching of eggs of P. penetrans, and development of larvae of M. incognita, were not affected. In red clover, the greatest red uction occurred when there were 65 entrant nematodes, the ratio of M. incognita:P. penetrans was 4:1 and M. incognita was inoculated four days prior to P. penetrans. In alfalfa, the less-favorable host for both nematodes, the greatest reduction occurred when there were 45 entrant nematodes, the ratio of M. incognita:P. penetrans was 2:1, and M. incognita was inoculated 4 days prior to P. penetrans.
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