201
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Hossain MG, Akter S, Ohsaki E, Ueda K. Impact of the Interaction of Hepatitis B Virus with Mitochondria and Associated Proteins. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020175. [PMID: 32033216 PMCID: PMC7077294 DOI: 10.3390/v12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 350 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to death due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various antiviral drugs/nucleot(s)ide analogues are currently used to reduce or arrest the replication of this virus. However, many studies have reported that nucleot(s)ide analogue-resistant HBV is circulating. Cellular signaling pathways could be one of the targets against the viral replication. Several studies reported that viral proteins interacted with mitochondrial proteins and localized in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. And a recent study showed that mitochondrial turnover induced by thyroid hormones protected hepatocytes from hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBV. Strong downregulation of numerous cellular signaling pathways has also been reported to be accompanied by profound mitochondrial alteration, as confirmed by transcriptome profiling of HBV-specific CD8 T cells from chronic and acute HBV patients. In this review, we summarize the ongoing research into mitochondrial proteins and/or signaling involved with HBV proteins, which will continue to provide insight into the relationship between mitochondria and HBV and ultimately lead to advances in viral pathobiology and mitochondria-targeted antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golzar Hossain
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Eriko Ohsaki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (K.U.)
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202
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Qiu F, Zhou Y, Deng Y, Yi J, Gong M, Liu N, Wei C, Xiang S. Knockdown of TNFAIP1 prevents di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced neurotoxicity by activating CREB pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125114. [PMID: 31683445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer. It has neurotoxicity and exposure to it causes impairment of neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the DEHP-induced neurotoxicity are not yet clearly defined. Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) was first discovered in umbilical vein endothelial cells and was further found to be important in the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Herein we explore the mechanism of TNFAIP1 in DEHP-induced neurotoxicity with the involvement of cyclic AMP response elements binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a cells). We found that exposure to DEHP induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins PSD 95 and synapsin-1 while upregulated the expression of TNFAIP1 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, CaMK Ⅳ, catalytic subunits of PKA and CREB in CREB signaling pathway. Knockdown of TNFAIP1 using TNFAIP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vector prevented DEHP from inhibiting CREB pathway, thus reduced apoptosis and restored expression of BDNF, PSD 95 and synapsin-1. Our data indicate that downregulation of TNFAIP1 prevents DEHP-induced neurotoxicity via activating CREB pathway. Therefore, TNFAIP1 is a potential target for relieving the DEHP-induced neurotoxicity and related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yeke Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Junzhi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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203
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Guo M, Chen K, Lv Z, Shao Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li C. Bcl-2 mediates coelomocytes apoptosis by suppressing cytochrome c release in Vibrio splendidus challenged Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103533. [PMID: 31669879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved immune response and plays a fundamental role in many physiological processes. In this study, the important apoptosis regulator of Bcl-2 homolog from economic marine animal Apostichopus japonicus (AjBcl-2) was cloned and its roles in V. splendidus infection explored. The AjBcl-2 gene contains 3263 nucleotides, with a 5' UTR of 519 bp, an ORF of 660 bp encoding 219 aa sequences, and a 3' UTR of 2084 bp. The AjBcl-2 protein shared a conserved Bcl domain and three Bcl-2 homology domains by SMART program. In healthy sea cucumbers, AjBcl-2 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues with the peak expression in coelomocytes. The mRNA and protein levels of AjBcl-2 in coelomocytes were depressed at 12 h and 24 h, and induced at 48 h post V. splendidus challenge. In the same conditions, coelomocytes apoptosis rates were significantly increased at 24 h and decreased at 48 h. Moreover, siRNA-mediated AjBcl-2 knockdown significantly increased the coelomocytes apoptosis rates, which could be partially recovered by recombinant AjBcl-2 administration. Furthermore, there was an increase in the AjCyt c protein expression coupled with the downregulation expression of AjBcl-2 post AjBcl-2 silencing. Our results suggested that AjBcl-2 suppressed apoptosis by preventing the AjCyt c release in coelomocytes, and thus mediating V. splendidus infection in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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204
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Rasmussen ML, Gama V. A connection in life and death: The BCL-2 family coordinates mitochondrial network dynamics and stem cell fate. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:255-284. [PMID: 32381177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins control the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, also known as intrinsic apoptosis. Direct binding between members of the BCL-2 family regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) after an apoptotic insult. The ability of the cell to sense stress and translate it into a death signal has been a major theme of research for nearly three decades; however, other mechanisms by which the BCL-2 family coordinates cellular homeostasis beyond its role in initiating apoptosis are emerging. One developing area of research is understanding how the BCL-2 family of proteins regulate development using pluripotent stem cells as a model system. Understanding BCL-2 family-mediated regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in cell death and beyond would uncover new facets of stem cell maintenance and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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205
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Huang SL, Wu LS, Lee M, Chang CW, Cheng WC, Fang YS, Chen YR, Cheng PL, Shen CKJ. A robust TDP-43 knock-in mouse model of ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 31964415 PMCID: PMC6975031 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, adult-onset degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The diseased spinal cord motor neurons of more than 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients are characterized by the mis-metabolism of the RNA/DNA-binding protein TDP-43 (ALS-TDP), in particular, the presence of cytosolic aggregates of the protein. Most available mouse models for the basic or translational studies of ALS-TDP are based on transgenic overexpression of the TDP-43 protein. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mouse lines bearing homologous knock-in of fALS-associated mutation A315T and sALS-associated mutation N390D, respectively. Remarkably, the heterozygous TDP-43 (N390D/+) mice but not those heterozygous for the TDP-43 (A315T/+) mice develop a full spectrum of ALS-TDP-like pathologies at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels. Comparative analysis of the mutant mice and spinal cord motor neurons (MN) derived from their embryonic stem (ES) cells demonstrates that different ALS-associated TDP-43 mutations possess critical ALS-causing capabilities and pathogenic pathways, likely modified by their genetic background and the environmental factors. Mechanistically, we identify aberrant RNA splicing of spinal cord Bcl-2 pre-mRNA and consequent increase of a negative regulator of autophagy, Bcl-2, which correlate with and are caused by a progressive increase of TDP-43, one of the early events associated with ALS-TDP pathogenesis, in the spinal cord of TDP-43 (N390D/+) mice and spinal cord MN derived from their ES cells. The TDP-43 (N390D/+) knock-in mice appear to be an ideal rodent model for basic as well as translational studies of ALS- TDP.
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206
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ul Aabdin Z, Cheng X, Dai H, Wang Y, Sahito B, Roy AC, Memon MA, Shen X. High-Concentrate Feeding to Dairy Cows Induces Apoptosis via the NOD1/Caspase-8 Pathway in Mammary Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010107. [PMID: 31963403 PMCID: PMC7017030 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effects of a high-concentrate (HC) diet in inducing mammary epithelial cell apoptosis in dairy cows via the NOD1/Caspase-8 pathway have never been investigated before the current study. (2) Methods: Twelve Holstein Frisian cows at mid-lactation were selected to conduct this research. The animals were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 6), and both groups received one of two diets: a low-concentrate (LC) (forage: concentrate 6:4) or a high-concentrate (HC) (forage: concentrate 4:6) diet. Furthermore, an enzyme activity assay, tunnel cell assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and an immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay were performed to elucidate the effect of an HC diet in the mammary gland of dairy cows. (3) Results: The tunnel cell assay revealed a significant number of apoptotic cells in HC group, and the concentration of Caspase-3, and Caspase-8 was higher in the HC group than in the LC group. NOD1, Rip-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Bax mRNA expressions, and NOD1, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax protein expressions, in the HC group were markedly higher than those in the LC group. Furthermore, Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions were markedly decreased in the HC compared to those in the LC group. (4) Conclusions: A HC diet fed to dairy cows incites subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), which increases the iE-DAP concentration and induces apoptosis in the mammary gland via the NOD1/Caspase-8 pathway.
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207
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C. Diaconu C, Gurban P, Mambet C, Chivu-Economescu M, G. Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Nedeianu S, I. Neagu A, Tatic A, Cristodor D, Bleotu C. Programmed Cell Death Deregulation in BCR-ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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208
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Hu Y, Zeng T, Xiao Z, Hu Q, Li Y, Tan X, Yue H, Wang W, Tan H, Zou J. Immunological role and underlying mechanisms of B7-H6 in tumorigenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:191-198. [PMID: 31904350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B7 homolog 6 (B7-H6) has been identified as involved in tumorigenesis. Elucidating its role and potential mechanism of action is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and the potential development of an effective clinical strategy. Abnormal overexpression of B7-H6 in various types of tumors was reported to be linked with poor prognosis. B7-H6 suppresses the initiation of the "caspase cascade" and induces anti-apoptosis by STAT3 pathway activation to provoke tumorigenesis. B7-H6 facilitates tumor proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating apoptosis suppressors. B7-H6 induces cellular cytotoxicity, secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ and B7-H6-specific BiTE triggers T cells to accelerate tumorigenesis. B7-H6 induces abnormal immunological progression by HER2-scFv mediated ADCC and NKp30 immune escape to promote tumorigenesis. B7-H6 promotes tumorigenesis via apoptosis inhibition, proliferation and immunological progression. B7-H6 may a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics, prognostics and treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qihao Hu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yukun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiongjin Tan
- The Second Department of Orthopaedic, 922 Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yue
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, PR China
| | - Wensong Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hui Tan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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209
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Datan E, Salman S. Autophagic cell death in viral infection: Do TAM receptors play a role? TAM RECEPTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020; 357:123-168. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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210
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Niu F, Qian K, Qi H, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Sun M. Antiapoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of CPCGI in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2975-2987. [PMID: 33324059 PMCID: PMC7733055 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s281530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) has been used for the treatment of certain brain disorders. Apoptosis and inflammation were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, this study primarily investigated the effects of CPCGI on mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and PARP/NF-κB inflammatory signaling in a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS CPCGI (0.6 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min after the induction of CCI. Mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and PARP/NF-κB inflammatory signaling were evaluated 24 h after CCI, and apoptotic cell death, neutrophil infiltration, and astrocyte and microglial activation were determined by TUNEL and immunofluorescent staining 3 days after CCI. RESULTS 1) CPCGI markedly enhanced cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-xL levels, the mitochondrial Bcl-xL/Bax ratio, and mitochondrial cytochrome (cyt) c levels and reduced cytosolic cyt c levels, caspase-3 activity, and nuclear AIF levels in brain tissues after traumatic injury; however, CPCGI had no significant effects on cytosolic or mitochondrial Bax levels, the cytosolic Bcl-xL/Bax ratio, or mitochondrial AIF levels. Moreover, CPCGI markedly reduced the TUNEL staining score in the contusion region. 2) CPCGI markedly reduced cytosolic and nuclear PARP levels and nuclear NF-κB p65 levels in brain tissues after traumatic injury but had no significant effect on cytosolic NF-κB p65 levels. In addition, CPCGI markedly reduced caspase-1 activity and the levels of caspase-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β in brain tissues after traumatic injury and decreased the immunoreactivities of neutrophils, GFAP and Iba-1 in the region of CCI-induced contusion. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CPCGI can reduce brain injury due to trauma by suppressing both mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and PARP/NF-κB inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Niu
- Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Acupuncture, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang City 222000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
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211
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Chandrasekar AP, Cummins NW, Badley AD. The Role of the BCL-2 Family of Proteins in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:e00107-19. [PMID: 31666279 PMCID: PMC6822993 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in HIV-1 therapy have transformed the once fatal infection into a manageable, chronic condition, yet the search for a widely applicable approach to cure remains elusive. The ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir has prompted investigation into the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and immune escape. One of the major regulators of apoptosis, the BCL-2 protein, alongside its homologous family members, is a major target of HIV-1-induced change. Recent studies have now demonstrated the association of this protein with cells that support proviral forms in the setting of latency and have helped identify BCL-2 as a novel and promising therapeutic target for HIV-1 therapy directed at possible cure. This review aims to systematically review the interactions of HIV-1 with BCL-2 and its homologs and to examine the possibility of using BCL-2 inhibitors in the study and elimination of the latent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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212
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Wang J, Zheng M, Zhu L, Deng L, Li X, Gao L, Wang C, Wang H, Liu J, Lin B. Low BCL9 expression inhibited ovarian epithelial malignant tumor progression by decreasing proliferation, migration, and increasing apoptosis to cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31827404 PMCID: PMC6896700 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal activation of the classic Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence of epithelial cancers. B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9), a transcription factor, is a novel oncogene discovered in the classic Wnt pathway and promotes the occurrence and development of various tumors. Ovarian cancer is the gynecological malignant tumor with the highest mortality because it is difficult to diagnose early, and easy to relapse and metastasis. The expression and role of BCL9 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have not been studied. Thus, in this research, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of BCL9 in EOC tissues and its effect on the malignant biological behavior of human ovarian cancer cells. Methods We detect the expression of BCL9 in ovarian epithelial tumor tissues and normal ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry and analyzed the relationship between it and clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blot. The MTT assay, flow cytometry, the scratch assay, and the transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. A total of 374 ovarian cancer tissue samples were collected using TCGA database. A gene set enrichment analysis of BCL9 was performed. Results BCL9 was overexpressed in EOC tissues. The level of BCL9 expression was correlated with the 5-year progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate in ovarian cancer patients and independently predicted the risk of ovarian cancer recurrence. Low BCL9 expression inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of EOC cells, decreased MMP2 and MMP9 expression of ES-2 cell line, increased the BAX/BCL2 ratio and promoted apoptosis of EOC cells. Conclusion BCL9 is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian tumors, resulting in a poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. Low BCL9 expression can promote ovarian cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit proliferation and migration. BCL9 promotes the development of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Lu Deng
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China.,3Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan Universuty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Linging Gao
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Caixia Wang
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Huimin Wang
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China.,4Department of Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
| | - Bei Lin
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and, Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, No. 7 Mulan Road, Xihu District, Benxi, 117000 Liaoning China
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213
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Aitken MJL, Lee HJ, Post SM. Emerging treatment options for patients with p53-pathway-deficient CLL. Ther Adv Hematol 2019; 10:2040620719891356. [PMID: 31839919 PMCID: PMC6896129 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719891356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, p53 has been the most widely studied protein in cancer biology. Originally thought to be an oncogene due to its stabilization in many cancers, it is now considered to be one of the most critical tumor suppressors in a cell's ability to combat neoplastic transformation. Due to its critical roles in apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and senescence, TP53 deletions and mutations are commonly observed and are often a portent of treatment failures and poor clinical outcomes. This is particularly true in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as patients with p53 alterations have historically had dismal outcomes. As such, the tremendous efforts made to better understand the functions of p53 in CLL have contributed substantially to recent advances in treating patients with p53-pathway-deficient CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa J L Aitken
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hun J Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030-4000, USA
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214
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Role of the PI3K/AKT (mTOR and GSK3β) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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215
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Chaudhry GES, Jan R, Zafar MN, Mohammad H, Muhammad TST. Vitex Rotundifolia Fractions Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer T-47D Cell Line via Activation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3555-3562. [PMID: 31870094 PMCID: PMC7173364 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of cell death induced by the extract and fractions of Vitex rotundifolia (leaves) in breast cancer cell line, T-47D. METHODS The cytotoxicity activity was measured using MTS assay. The mode of cell death was analysed by early (phosphatidylserine externalization) and late apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). The caspases 8, 9, 3/7 and apoptotic proteins bax, bcl-2 study were done by western blot and ELISA method. RESULTS The methanol extract was found to inhibit 50% growth of T-47D cells at the concentration of 79.43µg/ml respectively after 72hr. From seven fractions, fraction F1, F2 and F3 produced cytotoxicity effects in T-47D cell line with IC50 (72hr) < 30µg/ml. The results obtained by Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection assay and TUNEL assay suggest that active fractions of Vitex rotundifolia induced early and late apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in T-47D cell line. Moreover, western blot analysis and Caspase GloTM luminescent assay demonstrated that fractions F2 and F3 triggered apoptotic cell death via activation of caspases -8, -9 and -3/7 and up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. Furthermore, chemical profiling confirms the presence of potential metabolites (vitexicarpin) in fractions of Vitex rotundifolia. CONCLUSION Thus, the present study suggests the remarkable potential of active metabolites in fractions of Vitex rotundifolia as future cancer therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia,
| | - Rehmat Jan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia,
| | | | - Habsah Mohammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia,
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216
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Kønig SM, Rissler V, Terkelsen T, Lambrughi M, Papaleo E. Alterations of the interactome of Bcl-2 proteins in breast cancer at the transcriptional, mutational and structural level. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007485. [PMID: 31825969 PMCID: PMC6927658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential defensive mechanism against tumorigenesis. Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family regulate programmed cell death by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In response to intracellular stress, the apoptotic balance is governed by interactions of three distinct subgroups of proteins; the activator/sensitizer BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only proteins, the pro-survival, and the pro-apoptotic executioner proteins. Changes in expression levels, stability, and functional impairment of pro-survival proteins can lead to an imbalance in tissue homeostasis. Their overexpression or hyperactivation can result in oncogenic effects. Pro-survival Bcl-2 family members carry out their function by binding the BH3 short linear motif of pro-apoptotic proteins in a modular way, creating a complex network of protein-protein interactions. Their dysfunction enables cancer cells to evade cell death. The critical role of Bcl-2 proteins in homeostasis and tumorigenesis, coupled with mounting insight in their structural properties, make them therapeutic targets of interest. A better understanding of gene expression, mutational profile, and molecular mechanisms of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in different cancer types, could help to clarify their role in cancer development and may guide advancement in drug discovery. Here, we shed light on the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in breast cancer using different bioinformatic approaches, linking -omics with structural data. We analyzed the changes in the expression of the Bcl-2 proteins and their BH3-containing interactors in breast cancer samples. We then studied, at the structural level, a selection of interactions, accounting for effects induced by mutations found in the breast cancer samples. We find two complexes between the up-regulated Bcl2A1 and two down-regulated BH3-only candidates (i.e., Hrk and Nr4a1) as targets associated with reduced apoptosis in breast cancer samples for future experimental validation. Furthermore, we predict L99R, M75R as damaging mutations altering protein stability, and Y120C as a possible allosteric mutation from an exposed surface to the BH3-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathis Kønig
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vendela Rissler
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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217
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A Natural Quinazoline Derivative from Marine Sponge Hyrtios erectus Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells via ROS Production and Intrinsic or Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathways. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120658. [PMID: 31771152 PMCID: PMC6950652 DOI: 10.3390/md17120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the therapeutic potential of a natural quinazoline derivative (2-chloro-6-phenyl-8H-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-one) isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios erectus against human breast cancer. The cytotoxicity of the compound was investigated on a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Antiproliferative activity of the compound was estimated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MTT assay showed significant inhibition of MCF-7 cells viability with the IC50 value of 13.04 ± 1.03 µg/mL after 48 h. The compound induced down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increase in the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in MCF-7 cells. The compound activated the expression of Caspases-9 and stimulated downstream signal transducer Caspase-7. In addition, Caspase-8 showed remarkable up-regulation in MCF-7 cells treated with the compound. Moreover, the compound was found to promote oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells that led to cell death. In conclusion, the compound could induce apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells via a mechanism that involves ROS production and either extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis pathways. The systemic toxic potential of the compound was evaluated in an in vivo mouse model, and it was found non-toxic to the major organs.
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218
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The Potential Impact of Connexin 43 Expression on Bcl-2 Protein Level and Taxane Sensitivity in Head and Neck Cancers-In Vitro Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121848. [PMID: 31766723 PMCID: PMC6966683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is partly due to the lack of reliable predictive markers. Connexin 43 (Cx43) protein and its cell-communication channels have been assigned tumor suppressor functions while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) protein has been associated with negative prognostic significance in cancer. This study aimed to test the role of Cx43 protein on Bcl-2 expression, tumor progression and response to taxane-based treatment in HNSCC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative HNSCC cell lines were tested for paclitaxel sensitivity through measuring apoptosis induction, cell viability and changes in Cx43 and Bcl-2 levels using flow cytometry, cell viability assay, immunocytochemistry and western blot. Inhibition of Cx43 expression using siRNA increased Bcl-2 protein levels in SCC25 (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) cells, while forced Cx43 expression reduced Bcl-2 levels and supported paclitaxel cytotoxicity in FaDu (hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma) cells. In vitro results were in line with protein expression and clinicopathological features tested in tissue microarray samples of HNSCC patients. Our data demonstrate that elevated Cx43 and reduced Bcl-2 levels may indicate HNSCC sensitivity to taxane-based treatments. On the contrary, silencing of the Cx43 gene GJA1 (gap junction protein alpha-1) can result in increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced paclitaxel efficiency. Clinical tumor-based analysis also confirmed the inverse correlation between Cx43 and Bcl-2 expression.
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219
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Aslam MS, Gull I, Mahmood MS, Iqbal MM, Abbas Z, Tipu I, Ahmed A, Athar MA. High yield expression, characterization, and biological activity of IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:281-291. [PMID: 31718419 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1689509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of interferon α-2 in combination with thymosin α-1 shows higher anti-cancer effect in comparison when both are used individually because of their synergistic effects. In this study we produced an important human interferon α-2-thymosin α-1 (IFNα2-Tα1) fusion protein with probable pharmaceutical properties coupled to its high-level expression, characterization, and study of its biological activity. The IFNα2-Tα1 fusion gene was constructed by over-lap extension PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli expression system. The expression of IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein was optimized to higher level and its maximum expression was obtained in modified terrific broth medium when lactose was used as inducer. The fusion protein was refolded into its native biologically active form with maximum yield of 83.14% followed by purification with ∼98% purity and 69% final yield. A band of purified IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein equal to ∼23 kDa was observed on 12 % SDS-PAGE gel. The integrity of IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein was confirmed by western blot analysis and secondary structure was assessed by CD spectroscopy. When IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein was subjected to its biological activity analysis it was observed that it exhibits both IFNα2 & Tα1 activities as well as significantly higher anticancer activity as compared to IFNα-2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram Gull
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Tipu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin Athar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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220
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Khan MH, Cai M, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wen X, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a binuclear multi-target Bi(III) complex by optimizing 2-acetyl-3-ethylpyrazine thiosemicarbazides. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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221
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Nantavisai S, Rodprasert W, Pathanachai K, Wikran P, Kitcharoenthaworn P, Smithiwong S, Archasappawat S, Sawangmak C. Simvastatin enhances proliferation and pluripotent gene expression by canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs) in vitro. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02663. [PMID: 31687506 PMCID: PMC6820287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing the intervention to enhance proliferation and differentiation potential is crucial for the clinical translation of stem cell-based therapy. In this study, the effects of simvastatin on these regards were explored. Canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs) were treated with 4 doses of simvastatin, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM. Simvastatin in low-dose range, 0.1 and 1 nM, enhanced dose-dependent cell proliferation at day 5 and 7. Exploration of the mechanisms revealed that simvastatin in low-dose range dose-dependently upregulated sets of cell cycle regulators, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D2; proliferation marker, Ki-67; and anti-apoptotic gene; Bcl-2. Interestingly, pluripotent markers, Rex1 and Oct4, were dramatically increased upon the low-dose treatment. Contrastingly, treatment with high-dose simvastatin suppressed the expression of those genes. Thus, the results suggested beneficial effects of simvastatin on cBM-MSCs proliferation and expansion. Further study regarding differentiation potential and underlying mechanisms will accelerate the clinical application of the molecule on veterinary stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirirat Nantavisai
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) in Biology of Embryo and Stem Cell Research in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Watchareewan Rodprasert
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) in Biology of Embryo and Stem Cell Research in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Koranis Pathanachai
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) in Biology of Embryo and Stem Cell Research in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parattakorn Wikran
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Chenphop Sawangmak
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) in Biology of Embryo and Stem Cell Research in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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222
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The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibitor PR-619 Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin via the Suppression of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Protein: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101268. [PMID: 31627336 PMCID: PMC6830310 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), most patients inevitably encounter drug resistance and resultant treatment failure. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from target proteins and play a critical role in maintaining protein homeostasis. This study investigated the antitumor effect of PR-619, a DUBs inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin, for bladder UC treatment. Our results showed that PR-619 effectively induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and ER-stress related apoptosis in human UC (T24 and BFTC-905) cells. Additionally, co-treatment of PR-619 with cisplatin potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in UC cells and was accompanied by the concurrent suppression of Bcl-2. We also proved that Bcl-2 overexpression is related to the chemo-resistant status in patients with metastatic UC by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. In a xenograft mice model, we confirmed that PR-619 enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin on cisplatin-naïve and cisplatin-resistant UCs. Our results demonstrated that PR-619 effectively enhanced the cisplatin-induced antitumor effect via concurrent suppression of the Bcl-2 level. These findings provide promising insight for developing a therapeutic strategy for UC treatment.
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223
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Wongchitrat P, Samutpong A, Lerdsamran H, Prasertsopon J, Yasawong M, Govitrapong P, Puthavathana P, Kitidee K. Elevation of Cleaved p18 Bax Levels Associated with the Kinetics of Neuronal Cell Death during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205016. [PMID: 31658698 PMCID: PMC6834179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection induces uncontrolled neuronal apoptosis, leading to irreversible brain damage. However, the mechanism of JEV-induced neuronal apoptosis has not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to investigate both virus replication and neuronal cell apoptosis during JEV infection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, the kinetic productions of new viral progeny were time- and dose-dependent. The stimulation of SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis was dependent on the multiplicity of infections (MOIs) and infection periods, particularly during the late period of infection. Interestingly, we observed that of full-length Bax (p21 Bax) level started to decrease, which corresponded to the increased level of its cleaved form (p18 Bax). The formation of p18 Bax resulting in cytochrome c release into the cytosol appeared to correlate with JEV-induced apoptotic cell death together with the activation of caspase-3/7 activity, especially during the late stage of a robust viral infection. Therefore, our results suggest another possible mechanism of JEV-induced apoptotic cell death via the induction of the proteolysis of endogenous p21 Bax to generate p18 Bax. This finding could be a new avenue to facilitate novel drug discovery for the further development of therapeutic treatments that could relieve neuronal damage from JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Arisara Samutpong
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Hatairat Lerdsamran
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Montri Yasawong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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224
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The Incomplete Puzzle of the BCL2 Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101176. [PMID: 31569576 PMCID: PMC6830314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the BCL2 family are key players in multiple cellular processes, chief amongst them being the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and apoptotic cell death. These proteins establish an intricate interaction network that expands both the cytosol and the surface of organelles to dictate the cell fate. The complexity and unpredictability of the BCL2 interactome resides in the large number of family members and of interaction surfaces, as well as on their different behaviours in solution and in the membrane. Although our current structural knowledge of the BCL2 proteins has been proven therapeutically relevant, the precise structure of membrane-bound complexes and the regulatory effect that membrane lipids exert over these proteins remain key questions in the field. Here, we discuss the complexity of BCL2 interactome, the new insights, and the black matter in the field.
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225
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Klatt CL, Theis V, Hahn S, Theiss C, Matschke V. Deregulated miR-29b-3p Correlates with Tissue-Specific Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis in An Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091077. [PMID: 31547454 PMCID: PMC6770833 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common incurable motor neuron disorders in adults. The majority of all ALS cases occur sporadically (sALS). Symptoms of ALS are caused by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons located in the motor cortex and spinal cord. The question arises why motor neurons selectively degenerate in ALS, while other cells and systems appear to be spared the disease. Members of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway are frequent targets of altered microRNA expression. Therefore, microRNAs and their effects on cell survival are subject of controversial debates. In this study, we investigated the expression of numerous members of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade by qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining in two different regions of the CNS of wobbler mice. Further we addressed the expression of miR-29b-3p targeting BMF, Bax, and, Bak, members of the apoptotic pathway. We show a tissue-specific differential expression of BMF, Bax, and cleaved-Caspase 3 in wobbler mice. An opposing regulation of miR-29b-3p expression in the cerebellum and cervical spinal cord of wobbler mice suggests different mechanisms regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Based on our findings, it could be speculated that miR-29b-3p might regulate antiapoptotic survival mechanisms in CNS areas that are not affected by neurodegeneration in the wobbler mouse ALS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Klatt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Verena Theis
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Clinical Research Center, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Nkpaa KW, Awogbindin IO, Amadi BA, Abolaji AO, Adedara IA, Wegwu MO, Farombi EO. Ethanol Exacerbates Manganese-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits, Striatal Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Via Regulation of p53, Caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio-Dependent Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:135-148. [PMID: 30488170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on manganese (Mn)-induced striatal toxicity in rat by evaluating the neurobehavioral changes, biochemical and molecular events in rats exposed to Mn alone at 30 mg/kg, or their combination with EtOH at 1.25- and 5-g/kg body weight for 35 consecutive days. Locomotive and exploratory profiles were assessed using a video tracking software (ANY-Maze software) during a 5-min trial in a novel environment. Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histological morphology, and expression of apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) were assessed in the striatum. Results showed that Mn, EtOH, and their combination induced locomotor and motor deficits. Track plot analysis indicated that EtOH exacerbated the Mn-induced reduction in exploratory profiles of exposed rats. Similarly, exposure of rats to Mn, EtOH, or combination of Mn and EtOH resulted in decreased activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, diminished level of reduced glutathione, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, increased AChE activity, enhanced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels, and upregulated expressions of p53, Bax, and caspase-3. Moreover, potentiation of Mn-induced striatal toxicity by EtOH co-exposure was dose dependent. Taken together, it seems that EtOH exacerbates Mn-induced neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induction via the regulation of p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio-dependent pathway in rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpobari W Nkpaa
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A Amadi
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Li Y, Xia YZ, Hu SM, Kong LY, Yang L. Tooniliatone A sensitizes multidrug resistant cancer cells by decreasing Bcl-xL via activation of JNK MAPK signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152947. [PMID: 31102887 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) refers to the phenotype of tumor cells that are resistant to various chemotherapeutic drugs with different structures and functions, which is clearly disadvantageous for patients. Finding a natural product that can effectively reverse the MDR of tumor cells is important for the treatment of patients. PURPOSE To prove that tooniliatone A (TA), a novel typical limonoid, can effectively reverse the MDR of tumor cells and to explore its mechanism of action. METHODS The MTT, CCK-8 and monoclonal formation assays, as well as flow cytometry, were used to evaluate the role of TA in reversing tumor multidrug resistance; then the mechanism of action for TA was explored by western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS TA significantly reversed the MDR of the K562/MDR and MCF-7/MDR cell lines. TA can inhibit the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL to make cells sensitive to common chemotherapeutic drugs and activate the SAPK/JNK pathway to promote phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream cJun protein. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of JNK and cJun could antagonize the MDR reversal effect of TA and the inhibition of Bcl-xL by TA. Therefore, we hypothesized that TA activates the JNK pathway to increase the transcription of the proapoptotic protein Bim, thereby inhibiting Bcl-xL and reversing MDR in tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that TA reverses tumor MDR by activating the SAPK/JNK pathway to inhibit the action of Bcl-xL. TA may be an effective tumor MDR reversal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Sheng-Mou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China.
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A Cell's Fate: An Overview of the Molecular Biology and Genetics of Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174133. [PMID: 31450613 PMCID: PMC6747454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is one of the main types of regulated cell death, a complex process that can be triggered by external or internal stimuli, which activate the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway, respectively. Among various factors involved in apoptosis, several genes and their interactive networks are crucial regulators of the outcomes of each apoptotic phase. Furthermore, mitochondria are key players in determining the way by which cells will react to internal stress stimuli, thus being the main contributor of the intrinsic pathway, in addition to providing energy for the whole process. Other factors that have been reported as important players of this intricate molecular network are miRNAs, which regulate the genes involved in the apoptotic process. Imbalance in any of these mechanisms can lead to the development of several illnesses, hence, an overall understanding of these processes is essential for the comprehension of such situations. Although apoptosis has been widely studied, the current literature lacks an updated and more general overview on this subject. Therefore, here, we review and discuss the mechanisms of apoptosis, highlighting the roles of genes, miRNAs, and mitochondria involved in this type of cell death.
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Rahaman MH, Lam F, Zhong L, Teo T, Adams J, Yu M, Milne RW, Pepper C, Lokman NA, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK, Wang S. Targeting CDK9 for treatment of colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2178-2193. [PMID: 31398271 PMCID: PMC6763784 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies, and pursuit of new therapeutic targets for treatment has been a major research focus. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), which plays a crucial role in transcription, has emerged as a target for cancer treatment. CDKI-73, one of the most potent and pharmacologically superior CDK9 inhibitors, has demonstrated excellent anti-tumour efficacy against several types of cancers. In this study, we evaluated its therapeutic potential against CRC. CDKI-73 elicited high cytotoxicity against all colon cancer cell lines tested. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis in HCT 116 and HT29 cells revealed that CDKI-73 induced cell death without accumulation of DNA at any phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, it caused depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane, leading to caspase-independent apoptosis. Knockdown by shRNA demonstrated the CDK9-targeted mechanism of CDKI-73, which also affected the Mnk/eIF4E signalling axis. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed that CDKI-73 down-regulated multiple pro-survival factors at the mRNA level. Its in vivo anti-tumour efficacy was further evaluated in Balb/c nude mice bearing HCT 116 xenograft tumours. CDKI-73 significantly inhibited tumour growth (***P < 0.001) without overt toxicity. Analysis of the tumour tissues collected from the xenografted animals confirmed that the in vivo anti-tumour efficacy was associated with CDK9 targeting of CDKI-73. Overall, this study provides compelling evidence that CDKI-73 is a promising drug candidate for treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed H Rahaman
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frankie Lam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Longjin Zhong
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Theodosia Teo
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian Adams
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert W Milne
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chris Pepper
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Health Park, UK
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Senthil Kumar V, Kumaresan S, Tamizh MM, Hairul Islam MI, Thirugnanasambantham K. Anticancer potential of NF-κB targeting apoptotic molecule "flavipin" isolated from endophytic Chaetomium globosum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152830. [PMID: 31048125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer compounds from natural sources have drawn attention due to their structural diversity and relatively lesser side effects. Endophytic fungi are one such natural resource from, which plethoras of anticancerous compounds have been isolated. PURPOSE The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the bioactive metabolite from Chaetomium globosum that exhibits astonishing antiproliferative activity against cancerous cell lines. METHODS Flavipin was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified using FT-IR, EI-MS and NMR studies. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Fluorescent staining (AO/EB) and DNA fragmentation studies confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis. Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of apoptosis related genes and its proteins, respectively. RESULTS Flavipin inhibited proliferation of A549, HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells in dose dependent manner with an IC50 concentration of 9.89 µg/ml, 18 µg/ml and 54 µg/ml, respectively, whereas it was comparatively less sensitive (IC50 = 78.89 µg/ml) against normal cell line (CCD-18Co). At IC50 concentration cancerous cells exhibited cell shrinkage and fragmentation of DNA, which indicated that flavipin induced apoptotic cell death. In treated cells there is an up-regulation of p53 gene and its associated protein, whereas reciprocal expression was observed in BCL-2 gene and its protein. Furthermore, western blotting results also showed down-regulation of NFκB. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the antiproliferative activity of flavipin isolated from endophytic C. globosum and also proposed that interaction of flavipin with NFкB could be a possible mechanism for this activity. Flavipin induced apoptosis at low concentrations in cancer cell lines (A549, HT-29) and exhibited itself as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Senthil Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 004, India; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry 605 005, India
| | - Subramanian Kumaresan
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 004, India.
| | - Manoharan Muthu Tamizh
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600 106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Hairul Islam
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry 605 005, India; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982 Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wei F, Liu N. Progressive study of effects of erianin on anticancer activity. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5457-5465. [PMID: 31371985 PMCID: PMC6628150 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Erianin is the major bisbenzyl compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Dendrohium chrysotoxum Lindl. Erianin possesses many biological properties relevant to cancer prevention and therapy. The previous studies confirmed that antitumor effects of erianin are regulated with multiple signaling pathways. The mechanisms of erianin are numerous, and most of them induce cancer cell apoptosis that may be intrinsic or extrinsic and modulate the ROS/JNK signaling pathways. Invasion, migration, and angiogenesis represent emerging targets of erianin and support its anticancer properties. This review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the antitumor activity of erianin and to provide a rationale for further exploring the potential application of erianin in overcoming cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhua Wei
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
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Afrasiabi S, Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. The Photomodulation Activity of Metformin Against Oral Microbiome. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:241-250. [PMID: 31749953 PMCID: PMC6817791 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the periodontium, which results in the inflammatory destruction of supporting structures around teeth and is closely associated with the development of systemic disease. Due to a wide variety of antibiotic resistance periodontopathic bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive adjunctive therapeutic modality that is capable of destroying the whole range of microbes. Metformin (Metf) is an antidiabetic drug, and recent studies suggest that cancer patients who receive Metf and are exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy show better outcomes. Our surveys in this review introduce Metf as a potent stimulus in increasing the efficacy of PDT in the induction of destruction in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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233
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Li Q. Characteristics of herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis suggest a strategy for vaccine development. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2054. [PMID: 31197909 PMCID: PMC6771534 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause oral or genital ulcerative lesions and even encephalitis in various age groups with high infection rates. More seriously, HSV may lead to a wide range of recurrent diseases throughout a lifetime. No vaccines against HSV are currently available. The accumulated clinical research data for HSV vaccines reveal that the effects of HSV interacting with the host, especially the host immune system, may be important for the development of HSV vaccines. HSV vaccine development remains a major challenge. Thus, we focus on the research data regarding the interactions of HSV and host immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, and the related signal transduction pathways involved in immune evasion and cytokine production. The aim is to explore possible strategies to develop new effective HSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
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234
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Wang S, Lin Q, Wang Z, Pan X. Ropivacaine induces neurotoxicity by activating MAPK/p38 signal to upregulate Fas expression in neurogliocyte. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liang GP, Xu J, Cao LL, Zeng YH, Chen BX, Yang J, Zhang ZW, Kang Y. Piezo1 induced apoptosis of type II pneumocytes during ARDS. Respir Res 2019; 20:118. [PMID: 31186017 PMCID: PMC6558715 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms of lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not well understood.Piezo1 was recently identified as a mechanotransduction protein. The present study found the expression of Piezo1 in type II pneumocytes and investigated its role in mediating ARDS-related lung injury. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an ARDS model, the expression of Piezo1,lung injuries, apoptosis as well as calcium influx were assessed. RESULTS Piezo1 was expressed in type II pneumocytes as shown by immunofluorescence staining and expression was increased in the ARDS model. Knockdown of Piezo1 reduced apoptosis which was related to the elevation of Bcl-2.Calcium influx played a vital role in Piezo1-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Piezo1 was expressed in type II pneumocytes. Mechanical stretch of alveoli during ARDS induced activation of the Piezo1 channel,which resulted in calcium influx. The increased intracellular Ca2+ induced the apoptosis of type II pneumocytes, which may be related to the Bcl-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Peng Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li-Li Cao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bai-Xu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Revathidevi S, Munirajan AK. Akt in cancer: Mediator and more. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:80-91. [PMID: 31173856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Akt is a serine/threonine kinase and it participates in the key role of the PI3K signaling pathway. The Akt can be activated by a wide range of growth signals and the biochemical mechanisms leading to Akt activation are well defined. Once activated, Akt modulates the function of many downstream proteins involved in cellular survival, proliferation, migration, metabolism, and angiogenesis. The Akt is a central node of many signaling pathways and it is frequently deregulated in many types of human cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of Akt function and its role in the hallmarks of human cancer. We also discussed various mechanisms of Akt dysregulation in cancers, including epigenetic modifications like methylation, post-transcriptional non-coding RNAs-mediated regulation, and the overexpression and mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaramoorthy Revathidevi
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arasambattu Kannan Munirajan
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Liu CF, Li XL, Zhang ZL, Qiu L, Ding SX, Xue JX, Zhao GP, Li J. Antiaging Effects of Urolithin A on Replicative Senescent Human Skin Fibroblasts. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:191-200. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-feng Liu
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-lin Li
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-long Zhang
- Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-xuan Ding
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-xin Xue
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-ping Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
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Guan G, Yang L, Huang W, Zhang J, Zhang P, Yu H, Liu S, Gu X. Mechanism of interactions between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:350-358. [PMID: 31115545 PMCID: PMC6580049 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, their roles in this type of injury remain unclear. The present study investigated the roles of ER stress and autophagy, and their underlying mechanisms, in H9c2 cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The autophagy flux was monitored with mCherry-GFP-LC3-adenovirus transfection. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and ER stress-related proteins were measured by western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. The results indicated that autophagy was induced, ER stress was activated and apoptosis was promoted in H9c2 cells during H/R injury. The inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate or C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased autophagy and ameliorated cell apoptosis during H/R injury. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin attenuated ER stress and ameliorated cell apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or Beclin1-targeting siRNA aggravated ER stress and exacerbated cell apoptosis, and activation of ER stress by thapsigargin decreased autophagy and induced cell apoptosis. Collectively, the findings of the present study demonstrated that H/R induced apoptosis and autophagy via ER stress in H9c2 cells, and that CHOP may serve an important role in ER stress-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy, as an adaptive response, was activated by ER stress and alleviated ER stress-induced cell apoptosis during H/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Puhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
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Long MJC, Hnedzko D, Kim BK, Aye Y. Breaking the Fourth Wall: Modulating Quaternary Associations for Protein Regulation and Drug Discovery. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1091-1104. [PMID: 30589188 PMCID: PMC6499692 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are an effective means to orchestrate intricate biological processes required to sustain life. Approximately 650 000 PPIs underlie the human interactome; thus underscoring its complexity and the manifold signaling outputs altered in response to changes in specific PPIs. This minireview illustrates the growing arsenal of PPI assemblies and offers insights into how these varied PPI regulatory modalities are relevant to customized drug discovery, with a focus on cancer. First, known and emerging PPIs and PPI-targeted drugs of both natural and synthetic origin are categorized. Building on these discussions, the merits of PPI-guided therapeutics over traditional drug design are discussed. Finally, a compare-and-contrast section for different PPI blockers, with gain-of-function PPI interventions, such as PROTACS, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. C. Long
- 47 Pudding Gate, Bishop Burton, Beverley East Riding of Yorkshire, HU17 8QH, UK
| | - Dziyana Hnedzko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Bo Kyoung Kim
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 47 Pudding Gate, Bishop Burton, Beverley East Riding of Yorkshire, HU17 8QH, UK
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240
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Lenvatinib-zinc phthalocyanine conjugates as potential agents for enhancing synergistic therapy of multidrug-resistant cancer by glutathione depletion. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 169:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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241
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Song Y, Chen QT, He QQ. Identification of key transcription factors in endometrial cancer by systems bioinformatics analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15443-15454. [PMID: 31037767 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. Although many studies have been performed on EC, a systems analysis between transcription factors (TFs) and EC relationship remains poorly characterized. Here, we present a systems bioinformatics analysis of TFs in EC patient samples to identify key TFs in EC. First, dysregulated and survival-related TFs were identified in EC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus. Second, we investigated the mechanisms of dysregulated TFs and tested whether their expression is correlated with prognosis of EC. Finally, we addressed new perspectives in EC biomarker research, including comprehensive knowledge of previously suggested candidate biomarkers in conjunction with novel mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies with enhanced sensitivity and specificity not yet applied to EC studies, enabling a directed clinical perspective of the study design. Our study identified three promising TFs, E2F1, HMGA1, and PGR, which closely correlate with EC. Although treatments targeting TFs are not always efficient, these TFs may be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of EC. Furthermore, we found that these dysregulated TFs and their target genes are primarily involved in the cell cycle and may promote endometrial carcinoma occurrence and development. Using integrated bioinformatic analysis, we identified candidate genes and pathways in EC, which could improve our understanding of the etiology and underlying molecular events of EC. Furthermore, these candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Song
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Tong Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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242
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Choudhury S. A comparative analysis of BCL-2 family. Bioinformation 2019; 15:299-306. [PMID: 31285648 PMCID: PMC6599443 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 family is conserved in evolution and shares a BCL-2 homology domain. It promotes and inhibits apoptosis. It is also known that apoptosis has a major role in effective cancer treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to document information related to the BCL-2 family of proteins for analysis by prediction tools. Hence, insights from a prediction based comparative functional analysis of 108 genes in this family are documented.
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243
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Ou HC, Chou WC, Chu PM, Hsieh PL, Hung CH, Tsai KL. Fucoxanthin Protects against oxLDL-Induced Endothelial Damage via Activating the AMPK-Akt-CREB-PGC1α Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801353. [PMID: 30892786 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity. Fucoxanthin (FX) possesses anti-hypertensive and anti-obesity properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of FX on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced oxidative injuries in human endothelial cells are still largely unknown. This study aims to test the hypothesis that FX protects against oxLDL-induced oxidative stress by upregulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and to explore the roles of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells are treated with oxLDL in the presence or absence of FX. FX significantly increases AMPK phosphorylation. In addition, FX diminishes oxLDL-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation by inhibiting protein kinase C and subsequently inducing reactive oxygen species generation and impairing the activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxidase dismutase. Furthermore, FX restores oxLDL-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt and decreases CREB and PGC-1α expression to nearly normal levels. Moreover, FX ameliorates the oxLDL-mediated suppression of mitochondrial function and apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms by which FX mitigates oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701
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244
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The role of FAS, FAS-L, BAX, and BCL-2 gene polymorphisms in determining susceptibility to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:995-1002. [PMID: 30937706 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a multifactorial reproductive disorder where an impaired control of apoptosis is likely involved. Triggering the cell death mechanism occurs in a spatiotemporal manner and is strongly related to a healthy pregnancy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the regulatory regions of genes are known to influence the expression patterns of apoptosis-related molecules. METHODS A total of 296 unrelated female Brazilian patients were evaluated for clinical-demographic variables and genetic factors: 140 women who had experienced an unexplained RPL (with at least two consecutive abortions) and 156 healthy multiparous women. In all patients, six SNPs were evaluated in genes of apoptosis-related pathways: FAS (rs2234767, rs1800682), FAS-L (rs763110, rs5030772), BAX (rs4645878), and BCL-2 (rs2279115) by PCR followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis. RESULTS The BAX-248GA genotype is independently associated with idiopathic RPL [adjusted OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.13-0.70, P = 0.005] susceptibility. In the same multivariate model, the variables ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were statistically associated with RPL susceptibility (P < 0.05). No association with RPL susceptibility was reported for the remaining SNPs. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to evaluate the role of the main SNPs from both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in RPL susceptibility. The association of BAX-248G/A with RPL susceptibility suggests that maternal predisposition for RPL has an essential contribution from genes involved in the delicate balance of endometrium cell turnover (cell death/proliferation). Therefore, apoptotic genes may represent promising targets for future studies on healthy pregnancies and the spectrum of pregnancy disorders.
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245
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Lever JR, Fergason-Cantrell EA. Allosteric modulation of sigma receptors by BH3 mimetics ABT-737, ABT-263 (Navitoclax) and ABT-199 (Venetoclax). Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:87-100. [PMID: 30721730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABT-737, ABT-263 (Navitoclax) and ABT-199 (Venetoclax) are under intensive preclinical and clinical investigation as treatments for hematologic and other malignancies. These small molecules mimic pro-death B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Homology 3 (BH3) domain-only proteins. They also bear a structural resemblance to certain sigma (σ) receptor ligands. Moreover, the Bcl-2 and σ receptor protein families are both located primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum, mediate cell death and survival through protein-protein interactions, and physically associate. Accordingly, we examined the ability of the ABT series of BH3 mimetics to interact with σ receptors using radioligand-binding techniques. Negative allosteric modulation of [3H](+)-pentazocine, an agonist, binding to σ1 receptors in guinea pig brain membranes was observed for ABT-737, ABT-263 and ABT-199. Findings included reduction of specific binding to distinct plateaus in concentration-dependent fashion, significant slowing of radioligand dissociation kinetics, and decreases in radioligand affinity with no or modest changes in maximal receptor densities. Using a ternary complex model, dissociation constants (KX) for modulator binding to the σ1 receptor ranged from 1 to 2.5 μM, while negative cooperativity factors (α), representing the changes in affinity of ligand and modulator when bound as a ternary complex with the receptor, ranged from 0.15 to 0.42. These observations were extended and reinforced by studies using intact small cell (NCI-H69) and non-small cell (NCI-H23) lung cancer cells, and by using an antagonist σ1 receptor radioligand, E-N-1-(3'-[125I]iodoallyl)-N'-4-(3″,4″-dimethoxyphenethyl)piperazine, in mouse brain membranes. By contrast, exploratory studies indicate marked enhancement of the σ2 receptor binding of [3H]1,3-di-(o-tolyl)guanidine/(+)-pentazocine in NCI-H23 cells and guinea pig brain membranes. These findings raise intriguing questions regarding mechanism and potential functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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246
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Gao Y, Wu X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Ma H, Yang Z, Yang W, Zhao C, Wang L, Zhang Q. Melatonin receptor depletion suppressed hCG-induced testosterone expression in mouse Leydig cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:21. [PMID: 30915128 PMCID: PMC6416941 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 (genes officially named MTNR1A and MTNR1B, respectively) play crucial roles in melatonin-mediated regulation of circadian rhythms, the immune system, and control of reproduction in seasonally breeding animals. In this study, immunolocalization assay showed that MT1 and MT2 are highly expressed in Leydig cell membrane. To understand the biological function of melatonin receptors in hCG-induced testosterone synthesis, we generated melatonin receptor knockdown cells using specific siRNA and performed testosterone detection after hCG treatment. We found that knockdown of melatonin receptors, especially MTNR1A, led to an obvious decrease (> 60%) of testosterone level. Our further study revealed that knockdown of melatonin receptors repressed expression, at both the mRNA level and the protein level, of key steroidogenic genes, such as p450scc, p450c17 and StAR, which are essential for testosterone synthesis. hCG triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to regulate steroidogenic genes' expression and apoptosis. To further investigate the potential roles of melatonin receptors in hCG-induced regulation of ER stress and apoptosis, we examined expression of some crucial ER stress markers, including Grp78, Chop, ATF4, Xbp1, and IRE1. We found that inhibition of melatonin receptors increased hCG-induced expression of Grp78, Chop and ATF4, but not Xbp1 and IRE1, suggesting that hCG may modulate IRE1 signaling pathways in a melatonin receptor-dependent manner. In addition, our further data showed that knockdown of MTNR1A and MTNR1B promoted hCG-induced expression of apoptosis markers, including p53, caspase-3 and Bcl-2. These results suggested that the melatonin receptors MTNR1A and MTNR1B are essential to repress hCG-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis. Our studies demonstrated that the mammalian melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are involved in testosterone synthesis via mediating multiple cell pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Shuqin Zhao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Hailong Ma
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Zhen Yang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Wanghao Yang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Chen Zhao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Li Wang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China.,2College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu China
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247
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The Usefulness of Immunohistochemistry in the Differential Diagnosis of Lesions Originating from the Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051136. [PMID: 30845657 PMCID: PMC6429074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (LMs), currently the most common gynecological complaint around the world, are a serious medical, social and economic problem. Accurate diagnosis is the necessary prerequisite of the diagnostic-therapeutic process. Statistically, mistakes may occur more often in case of disease entities with high prevalence rates. Histopathology, based on increasingly advanced immunohistochemistry methods, is routinely used in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. Markers of the highest sensitivity and specificity profiles are used in the process. As far as LMs are concerned, the crux of the matter is to identify patients with seemingly benign lesions which turn out to be suspicious (e.g., atypical LM) or malignant (e.g., leiomyosarcoma (LMS)), which is not uncommon. In this study, we present the current state of knowledge about the use of immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of LM, atypical LM, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and LMS, as well as their clinical predictive value.
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248
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Nouri F, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Sharifi AM. Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Non-Toxic Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Against Oxidative Stress Induced Cell Death: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:76-83. [PMID: 31011561 PMCID: PMC6468218 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with non-toxic dose of hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) as a possible cell signaling molecule, against cell death induced by toxic
concentration of H2O2 or by serum deprivation in human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal
stem cells (HWJ-MSCs) and underlying mechanisms.
Methods: HWJ-MSCs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After finding non-toxic
concentration of H2O2, cells preconditioning was performed by H2O2 (20 μM) for 12 h and cell
tolerance against serum deprivation or toxic levels of H2O2 was assayed by MTT test. Effect of
preconditioning on mRNA and protein expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined using
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. Role
of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was explored in presence HIF-1α inhibitor.
Results: Preconditioning with 20 μM H2O2 for 12 h was non-toxic and decreased cell death
induced by oxidative stress and serum deprivation in MSC cultures. However, the increased
tolerance reversed in the presence of inhibitor of HIF-1α. By regards to RT-PCR and western
blotting data, although expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax was not change considerably but
phosphorylated Akt-1 (pAkt-1) was up regulated after treatment with 20 μM H2O2 compared to
control group. Moreover after exposure to 100 μM H2O2, western blotting analysis showed that
cell pretreatment with 20 μM H2O2, decremented Bax/Bcl2 ratio and up-regulated HIF-1α and
pAkt-1 compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Increased tolerance of H2O2-pretreated cells led to the suggestion that transplantation
of H2O2 preconditioned MSCs may improve therapeutic potential of stem cells in cell therapy
procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nouri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Liu J, Liu W, Yang H. Balancing Apoptosis and Autophagy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy: Targeting BCL-2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:792-802. [PMID: 30400738 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are important intracellular processes that maintain organism homeostasis and promote survival. Autophagy selectively degrades damaged cellular organelles and protein aggregates, while apoptosis removes damaged or aged cells. Maintaining a balance between autophagy and apoptosis is critical for cell fate, especially for long-lived cells such as neurons. Conversely, their imbalance is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Restoring the balance between autophagy and apoptosis is a promising strategy for the treatment of PD. Some core proteins engage in cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, including B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 family members. This Review summarizes the role of BCL-2 members in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy and discusses potential therapeutic approaches that target this balance for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
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250
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Al-Ghabkari A, Narendran A. In Vitro Characterization of a Potent p53-MDM2 Inhibitor, RG7112 in Neuroblastoma Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:252-257. [PMID: 30724592 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most aggressive and common solid tumors in pediatrics. Development of effective new therapeutics for NB is in progress to help reduce mortality and morbidity of the disease, particularly in relapsed patients. The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways to maintain cellular hemostasis. Dysregulation of p53 protein and/or molecular aberrations have been associated with multiple human malignancies. p53 stability and protein activity is negatively regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase (MDM2). Thus, targeting p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction is a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy to restore the physiological function of p53 in cancer cells. RG7112 is a highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitor, which target a unique structure located within p53 binding motif of MDM2. Methods: The efficacy of RG7112 in vitro using NB cell lines was examined. Two wild-type (WT)-p53 NB cell lines IMR5 and LAN-5, a mutant p53 cell line SK-N-BE(2), and a WT-p53/p14 deleted cell line SH-EP were employed. Results: Data showed that RG7112 significantly reduced cellular viability of IMR5 (IC50, 562 nM) and LAN-5 (IC50, 430 nM), but not SK-N-BE(2) and SH-EP cells. Further, RG7112 restores p53 and p21 protein levels in IMR5 and LAN-5 in a dose-dependent manner. RG7112 induces cell cycle arresting (60% G1 arresting) in WT-p53 cells (IMR5), but no pronounced effect observed in SK-N-BE(2). In this study, 15 different drugs in combination with RG7112 in IMR5 cell line and identified venetoclax (Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor) as a promising candidate were evaluated. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings provide initial proof-of-concept data for further investigations of RG7112 in selected subgroups of NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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