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Sistrom M, Hutchinson M, Bertozzi T, Donnellan S. Evaluating evolutionary history in the face of high gene tree discordance in Australian Gehyra (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:52-63. [PMID: 24642886 PMCID: PMC4815653 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species tree methods have provided improvements for estimating species relationships and the timing of diversification in recent radiations by allowing for gene tree discordance. Although gene tree discordance is often observed, most discordance is attributed to incomplete lineage sorting rather than other biological phenomena, and the causes of discordance are rarely investigated. We use species trees from multi-locus data to estimate the species relationships, evolutionary history and timing of diversification among Australian Gehyra-a group renowned for taxonomic uncertainty and showing a large degree of gene tree discordance. We find support for a recent Asian origin and two major clades: a tropically adapted clade and an arid adapted clade, with some exceptions, but no support for allopatric speciation driven by chromosomal rearrangement in the group. Bayesian concordance analysis revealed high gene tree discordance and comparisons of Robinson-Foulds distances showed that discordance between gene trees was significantly higher than that generated by topological uncertainty within each gene. Analysis of gene tree discordance and incomplete taxon sampling revealed that gene tree discordance was high whether terminal taxon or gene sampling was maximized, indicating discordance is due to biological processes, which may be important in contributing to gene tree discordance in many recently diversified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sistrom
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Hutchinson
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Bertozzi
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Donnellan
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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202
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Sun Y, He X, Glenny D. Transantarctic disjunctions in Schistochilaceae (Marchantiophyta) explained by early extinction events, post-Gondwanan radiations and palaeoclimatic changes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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203
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Foster CSP, Ho SYW, Conn BJ, Henwood MJ. Molecular systematics and biogeography of Logania R.Br. (Loganiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 78:324-33. [PMID: 24929247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The angiosperm genus Logania R.Br. (Loganiaceae) is endemic to the mainland of Australia. A recent genetic study challenged the monophyly of Logania, suggesting that its two sections, Logania sect. Logania and Logania sect. Stomandra, do not group together. Additionally, the genus has a disjunct distribution, with a gap at the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia. Therefore, Logania is a favourable candidate to gain insight into phylogenetic relationships and how these might intersect with Earth-history events. Our phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of two chloroplast markers (petD and rps16) showed that Logania sect. Logania and L. sect. Stomandra were each resolved as monophyletic, but the genus (as currently circumscribed) was not. Based on our Bayesian estimates of divergence times, the disjunct distributions within Logania sect. Stomandra could have been caused by flooding of the Eucla Basin. However, this biogeographical process cannot account for the distribution of Logania sect. Logania, with long-distance dispersal and establishment seeming more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S P Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Barry J Conn
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Murray J Henwood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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204
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Hernández-Hernández T, Brown JW, Schlumpberger BO, Eguiarte LE, Magallón S. Beyond aridification: multiple explanations for the elevated diversification of cacti in the New World Succulent Biome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1382-1397. [PMID: 24611540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Succulent plants are widely distributed, reaching their highest diversity in arid and semi-arid regions. Their origin and diversification is thought to be associated with a global expansion of aridity. We test this hypothesis by investigating the tempo and pattern of Cactaceae diversification. Our results contribute to the understanding of the evolution of New World Succulent Biomes. We use the most taxonomically complete dataset currently available for Cactaceae. We estimate divergence times and utilize Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods that account for nonrandom taxonomic sampling, possible extinction scenarios and phylogenetic uncertainty to analyze diversification rates, and evolution of growth form and pollination syndrome. Cactaceae originated shortly after the Eocene-Oligocene global drop in CO2 , and radiation of its richest genera coincided with the expansion of aridity in North America during the late Miocene. A significant correlation between growth form and pollination syndrome was found, as well as a clear state dependence between diversification rate, and pollination and growth-form evolution. This study suggests a complex picture underlying the diversification of Cactaceae. It not only responded to the availability of new niches resulting from aridification, but also to the correlated evolution of novel growth forms and reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México D.F, 04510, México
| | - Joseph W Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | | | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México D.F, 04510, México
| | - Susana Magallón
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México D.F, 04510, México
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205
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Australia's arid-adapted butcherbirds experienced range expansions during Pleistocene glacial maxima. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3994. [PMID: 24876071 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A model of range expansions during glacial maxima (GM) for cold-adapted species is generally accepted for the Northern Hemisphere. Given that GM in Australia largely resulted in the expansion of arid zones, rather than glaciation, it could be expected that arid-adapted species might have had expanded ranges at GM, as cold-adapted species did in the Northern Hemisphere. For Australian biota, however, it remains paradigmatic that arid-adapted species contracted to refugia at GM. Here we use multilocus data and ecological niche models (ENMs) to test alternative GM models for butcherbirds. ENMs, mtDNA and estimates of nuclear introgression and past population sizes support a model of GM expansion in the arid-tolerant Grey Butcherbird that resulted in secondary contact with its close relative--the savanna-inhabiting Silver-backed Butcherbird--whose contemporary distribution is widely separated. Together, these data reject the universal use of a GM contraction model for Australia's dry woodland and arid biota.
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206
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Molecular Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Habitat Preference Evolution of Marsupials. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:2322-30. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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207
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Groom SVC, Stevens MI, Schwarz MP. Parallel responses of bees to Pleistocene climate change in three isolated archipelagos of the southwestern Pacific. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133293. [PMID: 24807250 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of glacial cycles on the geographical distribution and size of populations have been explored for numerous terrestrial and marine taxa. However, most studies have focused on high latitudes, with only a few focused on the response of biota to the last glacial maximum (LGM) in equatorial regions. Here, we examine how population sizes of key bee fauna in the southwest Pacific archipelagos of Fiji, Vanuatu and Samoa have fluctuated over the Quaternary. We show that all three island faunas suffered massive population declines, roughly corresponding in time to the LGM, followed by rapid expansion post-LGM. Our data therefore suggest that Pleistocene climate change has had major impacts across a very broad tropical region. While other studies indicate widespread Holarctic effects of the LGM, our data suggest a much wider range of latitudes, extending to the tropics, where these climate change repercussions were important. As key pollinators, the inferred changes in these bee faunas may have been critical in the development of the diverse Pacific island flora. The magnitude of these responses indicates future climate change scenarios may have alarming consequences for Pacific island systems involving pollinator-dependent plant communities and agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott V C Groom
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia, South Australian Museum, , GPO Box 234, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, , Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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208
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Potter S, Rosauer D, Doody JS, Webb MJ, Eldridge MDB. Persistence of a potentially rare mammalian genus (Wyulda) provides evidence for areas of evolutionary refugia within the Kimberley, Australia. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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209
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Hazlitt SL, Goldizen AW, Nicholls JA, Eldridge MDB. Three divergent lineages within an Australian marsupial (Petrogale penicillata) suggest multiple major refugia for mesic taxa in southeast Australia. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1102-16. [PMID: 24772286 PMCID: PMC3997325 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesic southeastern Australia represents the continent's ancestral biome and is highly biodiverse, yet its phylogeographic history remains poorly understood. Here, we examine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and microsatellite diversity in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata;n = 279 from 31 sites), to assess historic evolutionary and biogeographic processes in southeastern Australia. Our results (mtDNA, microsatellites) confirmed three geographically discrete and genetically divergent lineages within brush-tailed rock-wallabies, whose divergence appears to date to the mid-Pleistocene. These three lineages had been hypothesized previously but data were limited. While the Northern and Central lineages were separated by a known biogeographic barrier (Hunter Valley), the boundary between the Central and Southern lineages was not. We propose that during particularly cool glacial cycles, the high peaks of the Great Dividing Range and the narrow adjacent coastal plain resulted in a more significant north-south barrier for mesic taxa in southeastern Australia than has been previously appreciated. Similarly, located phylogeographic breaks in codistributed species highlight the importance of these regions in shaping the distribution of biodiversity in southeastern Australia and suggest the existence of three major refuge areas during the Pleistocene. Substructuring within the northern lineage also suggests the occurrence of multiple local refugia during some glacial cycles. Within the three major lineages, most brush-tailed rock-wallaby populations were locally highly structured, indicating limited dispersal by both sexes. The three identified lineages represent evolutionarily significant units and should be managed to maximize the retention of genetic diversity within this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Hazlitt
- Department of Forest Sciences, Centre for Applied Conservation Research, University of British Columbia2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anne W Goldizen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of QueenslandSt Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - James A Nicholls
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JT, U.K
| | - Mark D B Eldridge
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum6 College St, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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210
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Joseph L, Toon A, Nyári ÁS, Longmore NW, Rowe KMC, Haryoko T, Trueman J, Gardner JL. A new synthesis of the molecular systematics and biogeography of honeyeaters (Passeriformes: Meliphagidae) highlights biogeographical and ecological complexity of a spectacular avian radiation. ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Joseph
- Australian National Wildlife Collection; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; GPO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Alicia Toon
- Australian Rivers Institute; Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; 170 Kessels Road Nathan QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Árpád S. Nyári
- Department of Zoology; Oklahoma State University; 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - N. Wayne Longmore
- Sciences Department; Museum Victoria; GPO Box 666 Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Karen M. C. Rowe
- Sciences Department; Museum Victoria; GPO Box 666 Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Tri Haryoko
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense; Research Center for Biology; Indonesian Institute of Sciences; Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong Indonesia
| | - John Trueman
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Janet L. Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. 3168 Australia
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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211
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Todd EV, Blair D, Jerry DR. Influence of drainage divides versus arid corridors on genetic structure and demography of a widespread freshwater turtle, Emydura macquarii krefftii, from Australia. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:606-22. [PMID: 25035802 PMCID: PMC4098141 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of Pleistocene climatic cycles on Southern Hemisphere biotas is not yet well understood. Australia's eastern coastal margin provides an ideal setting for examining the relative influence of landscape development, sea level fluctuation, and cyclic climatic aridity on the evolution of freshwater biodiversity. We examined the impact of climatic oscillations and physical biogeographic barriers on the evolutionary history of the wide-ranging Krefft's river turtle (Emydura macquarii krefftii), using range-wide sampling (649 individuals representing 18 locations across 11 drainages) and analysis of mitochondrial sequences (∼1.3-kb control region and ND4) and nuclear microsatellites (12 polymorphic loci). A range of phylogeographic (haplotype networks, molecular dating), demographic (neutrality tests, mismatch distributions), and population genetic analyses (pairwise F ST, analysis of molecular variance, Bayesian clustering analysis) were implemented to differentiate between competing demographic (local persistence vs. range expansion) and biogeographic (arid corridor vs. drainage divide) scenarios. Genetic data reveal population genetic structure in Krefft's river turtles primarily reflects isolation across drainage divides. Striking north-south regional divergence (2.2% ND4 p-distance; c. 4.73 Ma, 95% higher posterior density (HPD) 2.08-8.16 Ma) was consistent with long-term isolation across a major drainage divide, not an adjacent arid corridor. Ancient divergence among regional lineages implies persistence of northern Krefft's populations despite the recurrent phases of severe local aridity, but with very low contemporary genetic diversity. Stable demography and high levels of genetic diversity are inferred for southern populations, where aridity was less extreme. Range-wide genetic structure in Krefft's river turtles reflects contemporary and historical drainage architecture, although regional differences in the extent of Plio-Pleistocene climatic aridity may be reflected in current levels of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica V Todd
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia ; Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia ; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - David Blair
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Dean R Jerry
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia ; Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia ; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
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212
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Barrabé L, Maggia L, Pillon Y, Rigault F, Mouly A, Davis AP, Buerki S. New Caledonian lineages of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) reveal different evolutionary histories and the largest documented plant radiation for the archipelago. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 71:15-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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213
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Reardon TB, McKenzie NL, Cooper SJB, Appleton B, Carthew S, Adams M. A molecular and morphological investigation of species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships in Australian free-tailed bats Mormopterus (Chiroptera : Molossidae). AUST J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/zo13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomic uncertainty surrounding several prominent genera of Australian microbat has been a long-standing impediment to research and conservation efforts on these groups. The free-tail bat genus Mormopterus is perhaps the most significant example, with a long history of acknowledged species-level confusion. This study uses a combined molecular and morphological approach to conduct a comprehensive assessment of species and subgeneric boundaries, between-species phylogenetic affinities and within-species phylogeographic structure in Australian members of Mormopterus. Phylogenetic analyses based on 759 base pairs of the NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 2 mitochondrial gene were concordant with species boundaries delineated using an expanded allozyme dataset and by phallic morphology, and also revealed strong phylogeographic structure within two species. The levels of divergence evident in the molecular and morphological analyses led us to recognise three subgenera within Australia: Micronomus, Setirostris subgen. nov. and Ozimops subgen. nov. Within Ozimops we recognise seven Australian species, three of which are new, and none are conspecific with Indo-Papuan species. The family Molossidae now comprises eleven species across three subgenera in Australia, making it the continent’s second most speciose family of bats.
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214
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King RA, Leys R. Molecular evidence for mid-Pleistocene divergence of populations of three freshwater amphipod species (Talitroidea : Chiltoniidae) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, with a new spring-associated genus and species. AUST J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/zo13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent molecular and morphological analyses have shown that chiltoniid amphipods, once thought to be a relictual group, are a diverse and speciose family of Australian freshwater amphipods. As part of a larger examination of the family, chiltoniids from Kangaroo Island in South Australia were collected and analysed using molecular (COI and 28S) and morphological methods in order to understand species distributional patterns and relationships. Kartachiltonia moodyi gen. nov., sp. nov., a spring-associated species endemic to the island, was discovered and populations of three additional mainland species (Austrochiltonia australis, A. dalhousiensis and A. subtenuis) were examined. The island populations of A. australis, A. dalhousiensis and A. subtenuis were found to form natural groups with differing haplotype coalescence times dating from the Early to Mid-Pleistocene. Numerous cycles of regional climate change throughout the Pleistocene are likely to have driven speciation in chiltoniid amphipods in southern Australia and the presence of multiple chiltoniid species at Kangaroo Island indicates that it exists at a likely convergence of species distribution patterns. Three possible hypotheses to explain the evolution and diversity of chiltoniids in southern Australia are discussed as are evidence for potential introduction and long-distance dispersal events.
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215
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Nylinder S, Lemey P, De Bruyn M, Suchard MA, Pfeil BE, Walsh N, Anderberg AA. On the biogeography of Centipeda: a species-tree diffusion approach. Syst Biol 2013; 63:178-91. [PMID: 24335493 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the biogeographic history of groups present in continuous arid landscapes is challenging due to the difficulties in defining discrete areas for analyses, and even more so when species largely overlap both in terms of geography and habitat preference. In this study, we use a novel approach to estimate ancestral areas for the small plant genus Centipeda. We apply continuous diffusion of geography by a relaxed random walk where each species is sampled from its extant distribution on an empirical distribution of time-calibrated species-trees. Using a distribution of previously published substitution rates of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for Asteraceae, we show how the evolution of Centipeda correlates with the temporal increase of aridity in the arid zone since the Pliocene. Geographic estimates of ancestral species show a consistent pattern of speciation of early lineages in the Lake Eyre region, with a division in more northerly and southerly groups since ∼840 ka. Summarizing the geographic slices of species-trees at the time of the latest speciation event (∼20 ka), indicates no presence of the genus in Australia west of the combined desert belt of the Nullabor Plain, the Great Victoria Desert, the Gibson Desert, and the Great Sandy Desert, or beyond the main continental shelf of Australia. The result indicates all western occurrences of the genus to be a result of recent dispersal rather than ancient vicariance. This study contributes to our understanding of the spatiotemporal processes shaping the flora of the arid zone, and offers a significant improvement in inference of ancestral areas for any organismal group distributed where it remains difficult to describe geography in terms of discrete areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Nylinder
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Svante Arrhenius väg 7, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10 blok x, box 1030 BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2UW UK; Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, BOX 951766, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22 B, SE-413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; and National Herbarium of Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra 3141, Australia
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216
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Kooyman RM, Rossetto M, Sauquet H, Laffan SW. Landscape patterns in rainforest phylogenetic signal: isolated islands of refugia or structured continental distributions? PLoS One 2013; 8:e80685. [PMID: 24312493 PMCID: PMC3846590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Identify patterns of change in species distributions, diversity, concentrations of evolutionary history, and assembly of Australian rainforests. Methods We used the distribution records of all known rainforest woody species in Australia across their full continental extent. These were analysed using measures of species richness, phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic endemism (PE) and phylogenetic structure (net relatedness index; NRI). Phylogenetic structure was assessed using both continental and regional species pools. To test the influence of growth-form, freestanding and climbing plants were analysed independently, and in combination. Results Species richness decreased along two generally orthogonal continental axes, corresponding with wet to seasonally dry and tropical to temperate habitats. The PE analyses identified four main areas of substantially restricted phylogenetic diversity, including parts of Cape York, Wet Tropics, Border Ranges, and Tasmania. The continental pool NRI results showed evenness (species less related than expected by chance) in groups of grid cells in coastally aligned areas of species rich tropical and sub-tropical rainforest, and in low diversity moist forest areas in the south-east of the Great Dividing Range and in Tasmania. Monsoon and drier vine forests, and moist forests inland from upland refugia showed phylogenetic clustering, reflecting lower diversity and more relatedness. Signals for evenness in Tasmania and clustering in northern monsoon forests weakened in analyses using regional species pools. For climbing plants, values for NRI by grid cell showed strong spatial structuring, with high diversity and PE concentrated in moist tropical and subtropical regions. Conclusions/Significance Concentrations of rainforest evolutionary history (phylo-diversity) were patchily distributed within a continuum of species distributions. Contrasting with previous concepts of rainforest community distribution, our findings of continuous distributions and continental connectivity have significant implications for interpreting rainforest evolutionary history and current day ecological processes, and for managing rainforest diversity in changing circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Kooyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay, France
| | - Shawn W. Laffan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
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217
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Schweizer M, Shirihai H. Phylogeny of the Oenanthe lugens complex (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae): Paraphyly of a morphologically cohesive group within a recent radiation of open-habitat chats. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:450-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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218
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Phylogeny and divergence times of Australian Sphenomorphus group skinks (Scincidae, Squamata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:906-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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219
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Crisp MD, Cook LG. How Was the Australian Flora Assembled Over the Last 65 Million Years? A Molecular Phylogenetic Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Crisp
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia;
| | - Lyn G. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;
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220
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Pepper M, Doughty P, Fujita MK, Moritz C, Keogh JS. Speciation on the rocks: integrated systematics of the Heteronotia spelea species complex (Gekkota; Reptilia) from Western and Central Australia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78110. [PMID: 24244289 PMCID: PMC3823942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolated uplands of the Australian arid zone are known to provide mesic refuges in an otherwise xeric landscape, and divergent lineages of largely arid zone taxa have persisted in these regions following the onset of Miocene aridification. Geckos of the genus Heteronotia are one such group, and have been the subject of many genetic studies, including H. spelea, a strongly banded form that occurs in the uplands of the Pilbara and Central Ranges regions of the Australian arid zone. Here we assess the systematics of these geckos based on detailed examination of morphological and genetic variation. The H. spelea species complex is a monophyletic lineage to the exclusion of the H. binoei and H. planiceps species complexes. Within the H. spelea complex, our previous studies based on mtDNA and nine nDNA loci found populations from the Central Ranges to be genetically divergent from Pilbara populations. Here we supplement our published molecular data with additional data gathered from central Australian samples. In the spirit of integrative species delimitation, we combine multi-locus, coalescent-based lineage delimitation with extensive morphological analyses to test species boundaries, and we describe the central populations as a new species, H. fasciolatussp. nov. In addition, within the Pilbara there is strong genetic evidence for three lineages corresponding to northeastern (type), southern, and a large-bodied melanic population isolated in the northwest. Due to its genetic distinctiveness and extreme morphological divergence from all other Heteronotia, we describe the melanic form as a new species, H. atrasp. nov. The northeastern and southern Pilbara populations are morphologically indistinguishable with the exception of a morpho-type in the southeast that has a banding pattern resembling H. planiceps from the northern monsoonal tropics. Pending more extensive analyses, we therefore treat Pilbara H. spelea as a single species with phylogenetic structure and morphological heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzy Pepper
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Doughty
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Fujita
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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221
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Eidesen PB, Ehrich D, Bakkestuen V, Alsos IG, Gilg O, Taberlet P, Brochmann C. Genetic roadmap of the Arctic: plant dispersal highways, traffic barriers and capitals of diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:898-910. [PMID: 23869846 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first comparative multispecies analysis of spatial genetic structure and diversity in the circumpolar Arctic using a common strategy for sampling and genetic analyses. We aimed to identify and explain potential general patterns of genetic discontinuity/connectivity and diversity, and to compare our findings with previously published hypotheses. We collected and analyzed 7707 samples of 17 widespread arctic-alpine plant species for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Genetic structure, diversity and distinctiveness were analyzed for each species, and extrapolated to cover the geographic range of each species. The resulting maps were overlaid to produce metamaps. The Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, the Greenlandic ice cap, the Urals, and lowland areas between southern mountain ranges and the Arctic were the strongest barriers against gene flow. Diversity was highest in Beringia and gradually decreased into formerly glaciated areas. The highest degrees of distinctiveness were observed in Siberia. We conclude that large-scale general patterns exist in the Arctic, shaped by the Pleistocene glaciations combined with long-standing physical barriers against gene flow. Beringia served as both refugium and source for interglacial (re)colonization, whereas areas further west in Siberia served as refugia, but less as sources for (re)colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bronken Eidesen
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
- The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, NO-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Dorothee Ehrich
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vegar Bakkestuen
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
- NINA, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Greve Alsos
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
- Tromsø University Museum, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oliver Gilg
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, PO Box 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Brochmann
- National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
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222
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McLeish MJ, Miller JT, Mound LA. Delayed colonisation of Acacia by thrips and the timing of host-conservatism and behavioural specialisation. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:188. [PMID: 24010723 PMCID: PMC3846595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated colonisation of novel host-plants is believed to be an essential component of the evolutionary success of phytophagous insects. The relative timing between the origin of an insect lineage and the plant clade they eat or reproduce on is important for understanding how host-range expansion can lead to resource specialisation and speciation. Path and stepping-stone sampling are used in a Bayesian approach to test divergence timing between the origin of Acacia and colonisation by thrips. The evolution of host-plant conservatism and ecological specialisation is discussed. RESULTS Results indicated very strong support for a model describing the origin of the common ancestor of Acacia thrips subsequent to that of Acacia. A current estimate puts the origin of Acacia at approximately 6 million years before the common ancestor of Acacia thrips, and 15 million years before the origin of a gall-inducing clade. The evolution of host conservatism and resource specialisation resulted in a phylogenetically under-dispersed pattern of host-use by several thrips lineages. CONCLUSIONS Thrips colonised a diversity of Acacia species over a protracted period as Australia experienced aridification. Host conservatism evolved on phenotypically and environmentally suitable host lineages. Ecological specialisation resulted from habitat selection and selection on thrips behavior that promoted primary and secondary host associations. These findings suggest that delayed and repeated colonisation is characterised by cycles of oligo- or poly-phagy. This results in a cumulation of lineages that each evolve host conservatism on different and potentially transient host-related traits, and facilitates both ecological and resource specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Plant Geography Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province 666303, China
| | - Joseph T Miller
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Laurence A Mound
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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223
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Population genetics of Blanding’s turtle (Emys blandingii) in the midwestern United States. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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224
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Fitzpatrick MC, Sanders NJ, Normand S, Svenning JC, Ferrier S, Gove AD, Dunn RR. Environmental and historical imprints on beta diversity: insights from variation in rates of species turnover along gradients. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131201. [PMID: 23926147 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common approach for analysing geographical variation in biodiversity involves using linear models to determine the rate at which species similarity declines with geographical or environmental distance and comparing this rate among regions, taxa or communities. Implicit in this approach are weakly justified assumptions that the rate of species turnover remains constant along gradients and that this rate can therefore serve as a means to compare ecological systems. We use generalized dissimilarity modelling, a novel method that accommodates variation in rates of species turnover along gradients and between different gradients, to compare environmental and spatial controls on the floras of two regions with contrasting evolutionary and climatic histories: southwest Australia and northern Europe. We find stronger signals of climate history in the northern European flora and demonstrate that variation in rates of species turnover is persistent across regions, taxa and different gradients. Such variation may represent an important but often overlooked component of biodiversity that complicates comparisons of distance-decay relationships and underscores the importance of using methods that accommodate the curvilinear relationships expected when modelling beta diversity. Determining how rates of species turnover vary along and between gradients is relevant to understanding the sensitivity of ecological systems to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Centre for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA.
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225
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Korrida A, Schweizer M. Diversification across the Palaearctic desert belt throughout the Pleistocene: phylogeographic history of the Houbara-Macqueen's bustard complex (Otididae: Chlamydotis
) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Korrida
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles; Faculté des Sciences d'Agadir; B.P. 28/S. Université Ibnou Zohr; Agadir Royaume du Maroc
| | - Manuel Schweizer
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bern Switzerland
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226
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Marin J, Donnellan SC, Hedges SB, Puillandre N, Aplin KP, Doughty P, Hutchinson MN, Couloux A, Vidal N. Hidden species diversity of Australian burrowing snakes (Ramphotyphlops). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Marin
- Departement Systematique et Evolution; UMR 7138; CP 26; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 57 rue Cuvier; F-75231; Paris, Cedex 05; France
| | | | - S. Blair Hedges
- Department of Biology; 208 Mueller Lab; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA; 16802-5301; USA
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- Departement Systematique et Evolution; UMR 7138; CP 26; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 57 rue Cuvier; F-75231; Paris, Cedex 05; France
| | - Ken P. Aplin
- Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; GPO Box 1700; Canberra; 2601; Australia
| | - Paul Doughty
- Western Australian Museum; 49 Kew Street; Welshpool; WA; 6106; Australia
| | | | - Arnaud Couloux
- Centre National de Séquençage; Genoscope; 2 rue Gaston-Crémieux; CP5706; 91057; Evry, Cedex; France
| | - Nicolas Vidal
- Departement Systematique et Evolution; UMR 7138; CP 26; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 57 rue Cuvier; F-75231; Paris, Cedex 05; France
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227
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Davis J, Pavlova A, Thompson R, Sunnucks P. Evolutionary refugia and ecological refuges: key concepts for conserving Australian arid zone freshwater biodiversity under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1970-1984. [PMID: 23526791 PMCID: PMC3746109 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Refugia have been suggested as priority sites for conservation under climate change because of their ability to facilitate survival of biota under adverse conditions. Here, we review the likely role of refugial habitats in conserving freshwater biota in arid Australian aquatic systems where the major long-term climatic influence has been aridification. We introduce a conceptual model that characterizes evolutionary refugia and ecological refugees based on our review of the attributes of aquatic habitats and freshwater taxa (fishes and aquatic invertebrates) in arid Australia. We also identify methods of recognizing likely future refugia and approaches to assessing the vulnerability of arid-adapted freshwater biota to a warming and drying climate. Evolutionary refugia in arid areas are characterized as permanent, groundwater-dependent habitats (subterranean aquifers and springs) supporting vicariant relicts and short-range endemics. Ecological refugees can vary across space and time, depending on the dispersal abilities of aquatic taxa and the geographical proximity and hydrological connectivity of aquatic habitats. The most important are the perennial waterbodies (both groundwater and surface water fed) that support obligate aquatic organisms. These species will persist where suitable habitats are available and dispersal pathways are maintained. For very mobile species (invertebrates with an aerial dispersal phase) evolutionary refugia may also act as ecological refugees. Evolutionary refugia are likely future refugia because their water source (groundwater) is decoupled from local precipitation. However, their biota is extremely vulnerable to changes in local conditions because population extinction risks cannot be abated by the dispersal of individuals from other sites. Conservation planning must incorporate a high level of protection for aquifers that support refugial sites. Ecological refuges are vulnerable to changes in regional climate because they have little thermal or hydrological buffering. Accordingly, conservation planning must focus on maintaining meta-population processes, especially through dynamic connectivity between aquatic habitats at a landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Davis
- Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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228
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Sistrom M, Donnellan SC, Hutchinson MN. Delimiting species in recent radiations with low levels of morphological divergence: A case study in Australian Gehyra geckos. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 68:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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229
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Uncovering cryptic evolutionary diversity in extant and extinct populations of the southern Australian arid zone Western and Thick-billed Grasswrens (Passeriformes: Maluridae: Amytornis). CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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230
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Harms D, Harvey MS. Review of the cave-dwelling species ofPseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from mainland Australia, with description of two troglobitic species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aen.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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231
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Duckett PE, Stow AJ. Higher genetic diversity is associated with stable water refugia for a gecko with a wide distribution in arid
A
ustralia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Duckett
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Adam J. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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232
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Nyári ÁS, Joseph L. Comparative phylogeography of Australo-Papuan mangrove-restricted and mangrove-associated avifaunas. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo Joseph
- Australian National Wildlife Collection; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; GPO Box 1700; Canberra; ACT; 2601; Australia
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233
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Zhang HX, Zhang ML, Sanderson SC. Retreating or standing: responses of forest species and steppe species to climate change in arid Eastern Central Asia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61954. [PMID: 23596532 PMCID: PMC3626637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The temperature in arid Eastern Central Asia is projected to increase in the future, accompanied by increased variability of precipitation. To investigate the impacts of climate change on plant species in this area, we selected two widespread species as candidates, Clematis sibirica and C. songorica, from montane coniferous forest and arid steppe habitats respectively. Methodology/Principal Findings We employed a combined approach of molecular phylogeography and species distribution modelling (SDM) to predict the future responses of these two species to climate change, utilizing evidence of responses from the past. Genetic data for C. sibirica shows a significant phylogeographical signal (NST > FST, P<0.05) and demographic contraction during the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene. This forest species would likely experience range reduction, though without genetic loss, in the face of future climate change. In contrast, SDMs predict that C. songorica, a steppe species, should maintain a consistently stable potential distribution under the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the future climatic conditions referring to its existing potential distribution. Molecular results indicate that the presence of significant phylogeographical signal in this steppe species is rejected and this species contains a high level of genetic differentiation among populations in cpDNA, likely benefiting from stable habitats over a lengthy time period. Conclusions/Significance Evidence from the molecular phylogeography of these two species, the forest species is more sensitive to past climate changes than the steppe species. SDMs predict that the forest species will face the challenge of potential range contraction in the future more than the steppe species. This provides a perspective on ecological management in arid Eastern Central Asia, indicating that increased attention should be paid to montane forest species, due to their high sensitivity to disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Stewart C. Sanderson
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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234
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Patterns of population genetic variation in sympatric chiltoniid amphipods within a calcrete aquifer reveal a dynamic subterranean environment. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 111:77-85. [PMID: 23549336 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcrete aquifers from the Yilgarn region of arid central Western Australia contain an assemblage of obligate groundwater invertebrate species that are each endemic to single aquifers. Fine-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analyses of three sympatric and independently derived species of amphipod (Chiltoniidae) were carried out to determine whether there were common patterns of population genetic structure or evidence for past geographic isolation of populations within a single calcrete aquifer. Genetic diversity in amphipod mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) and allozymes were examined across a 3.5 km(2) region of the Sturt Meadows calcrete, which contains a grid of 115 bore holes (=wells). Stygobiont amphipods were found to have high levels of mitochondrial haplotype diversity coupled with low nucleotide diversity. Mitochondrial phylogeographic structuring was found between haplogroups for one of the chiltoniid species, which also showed population structuring for nuclear markers. Signatures of population expansion in two of the three species, match previous findings for diving beetles at the same site, indicating that the system is dynamic. We propose isolation of populations in refugia within the calcrete, followed by expansion events, as the most likely source of intraspecific genetic diversity, due to changes in water level influencing gene flow across the calcrete.
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235
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Duckett PE, Wilson PD, Stow AJ. Keeping up with the neighbours: using a genetic measurement of dispersal and species distribution modelling to assess the impact of climate change on an
A
ustralian arid zone gecko (
G
ehyra variegata
). DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Duckett
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Peter D. Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Adam J. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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236
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Kayaalp P, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Rapid diversification in Australia and two dispersals out of Australia in the globally distributed bee genus, Hylaeus (Colletidae: Hylaeinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 66:668-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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237
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A multilocus coalescent analysis of the speciational history of the Australo-Papuan butcherbirds and their allies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 66:941-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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238
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Wiens JJ, Kozak KH, Silva N. Diversity and niche evolution along aridity gradients in north american lizards (phrynosomatidae). Evolution 2013; 67:1715-28. [PMID: 23730764 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deserts occupy approximately 12% of the Earth's land surface, and are thought to have species poor but highly specialized biotas. However, few studies have examined the evolutionary origins of desert biotas and of diversity patterns along aridity gradients. Further, it is unclear if species occurring in more extreme conditions on a given niche axis (i.e., precipitation) are more specialized for those conditions (i.e., have narrower niche breadths). We address these questions here using a time-calibrated phylogeny and climatic data for 117 species of phrynosomatid lizards. Phrynosomatids are the most species-rich family of lizards in North America, and are found from deserts to rainforests. Surprisingly, we find that phrynosomatids have higher richness in more arid environments. This pattern occurs seemingly because they have been present in more arid habitats longer (~55 million years), and lineages in mesic environments are recently derived from more arid-dwelling ancestors. We find little support for the hypothesis that species in more extreme environments are more specialized. Instead, many desert-dwelling species are broadly distributed, and species in the most mesic environments have the broadest niche breadths. In summary, phrynosomatids offer a counterexample to the idea that arid regions are inhabited by a small number of recent and highly specialized lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, AZ 85721, USA.
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239
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Rapson SA, Goldizen AW, Seddon JM. Gene flow in mongooses endemic to Namibia's granite inselbergs despite past climatic fluctuations and isolating landscape features. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-379.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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240
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Shi CM, Ji YJ, Liu L, Wang L, Zhang DX. Impact of climate changes from Middle Miocene onwards on evolutionary diversification in Eurasia: insights from the mesobuthid scorpions. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1700-16. [PMID: 23356513 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aridification from Middle Miocene onwards has transformed the Asian interior into an arid environment, and the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial oscillations exerted further ecological impact. Therefore, both aridification and glaciation would have considerably influenced the evolution of many mid-latitude species in temperate Asia. Here, we tested this perspective by a phylogeographic study of the mesobuthid scorpions across temperate Asia using one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. Concordant mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees were obtained, which are consistent with species tree inferred using a Bayesian approach. The age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all the studied scorpions was estimated to be 12.49 Ma (late Middle Miocene); Mesobuthus eupeus diverged from the clade composing Mesobuthus caucasicus and Mesobuthus martensii in early Late Miocene (10.21 Ma); M. martensii diverged from M. caucasicus at 5.53 Ma in Late Miocene. The estimated MRCA ages of M. martensii and the Chinese lineage of M. eupeus were 2.37 and 0.68 Ma, respectively. Central Asia was identified as the ancestral area for the lineage leading to M. martensii and M. caucasicus and the Chinese lineage of M. eupeus. The ancestral habitat of the genus Mesobuthus is likely to have been characterized by an arid environment; a shift towards more humid habitat occurred in the MRCA of M. martensii and a lineage of M. caucasicus, finally leading to the adaptation of M. martensii to humid environment. Our data strongly support the idea that the stepwise intensified aridifications from Mid-Miocene onwards drove the diversification of mesobuthid scorpions, and suggest that M. martensii and M. eupeus observed today in China originated from an ancestral lineage distributed in Central Asia. Both the colonization and the ensuing evolution of these species in East Asia appear to have been further moulded by Quaternary glaciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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241
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Tingley R, Dubey S. Disparity in the timing of vertebrate diversification events between the northern and southern hemispheres. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:244. [PMID: 23241454 PMCID: PMC3540028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climatic oscillations throughout the Quaternary had profound effects on temperate biodiversity, but the extent of Quaternary climate change was more severe in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. We sought to determine whether this geographic disparity differentially influenced the timing of intraspecific diversification events within ectothermic and endothermic vertebrate species. Using published phylogenetic hypotheses, we gathered data on the oldest intraspecific diversification event within mammal, bird, freshwater fish, amphibian, and reptile species from temperate-zone areas. We then tested whether the timing of diversification events differed between hemispheres. Results Our analyses provide strong evidence that vertebrates from temperate regions of the northern hemisphere are younger than those from the southern hemisphere. However, we find little evidence to suggest that this relationship differs between endotherms versus ectotherms, or that it varies widely across the five classes of vertebrates that we considered. In addition, we find that on average, endothermic species are much younger than ectothermic species. Conclusion Our findings suggest that geographic variation in the magnitude of climatic oscillations during the Quaternary led to substantial disparity in the timing of intraspecific diversification events between northern and southern hemisphere vertebrates, and that the magnitude of this divergence is largely congruent across vertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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242
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Trudgen MS, Webber BL, Scott JK. Human-mediated introduction of Livistona palms into central Australia: conservation and management implications. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4115-7. [PMID: 22915667 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Trudgen
- CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia.
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243
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Schwentner M, Timms BV, Richter S. Flying with the birds? Recent large-area dispersal of four Australian Limnadopsis species (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata). Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1605-26. [PMID: 22957166 PMCID: PMC3434933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporary water bodies are important freshwater habitats in the arid zone of Australia. They harbor a distinct fauna and provide important feeding and breeding grounds for water birds. This paper assesses, on the basis of haplotype networks, analyses of molecular variation and relaxed molecular clock divergence time estimates, the phylogeographic history, and population structure of four common temporary water species of the Australian endemic clam shrimp taxon Limnadopsis in eastern and central Australia (an area of >1,350,000 km(2)). Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of 413 individuals and a subset of 63 nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences were analyzed. Genetic differentiation was observed between populations inhabiting southeastern and central Australia and those inhabiting the northern Lake Eyre Basin and Western Australia. However, over large parts of the study area and across river drainage systems in southeastern and central Australia (the Murray-Darling Basin, Bulloo River, and southern Lake Eyre Basin), no evidence of population subdivision was observed in any of the four Limnadopsis species. This indicates recent gene flow across an area of ∼800,000 km(2). This finding contrasts with patterns observed in other Australian arid zone taxa, particularly freshwater species, whose populations are often structured according to drainage systems. The lack of genetic differentiation within the area in question may be linked to the huge number of highly nomadic water birds that potentially disperse the resting eggs of Limnadopsis among temporary water bodies. Genetically undifferentiated populations on a large geographic scale contrast starkly with findings for many other large branchiopods in other parts of the world, where pronounced genetic structure is often observed even in populations inhabiting pools separated by a few kilometers. Due to its divergent genetic lineages (up to 5.6% uncorrected p-distance) and the relaxed molecular clock divergence time estimates obtained, Limnadopsis parvispinus is assumed to have inhabited the Murray-Darling Basin continuously since the mid-Pliocene (∼4 million years ago). This means that suitable temporary water bodies would have existed in this area throughout the wet-dry cycles of the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwentner
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universitätsplatz 218055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brian V Timms
- Australian MuseumSydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Australian Wetland and Rivers Centre, University of NSWSydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stefan Richter
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universitätsplatz 218055 Rostock, Germany
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SCHWEIZER MANUEL, GÜNTERT MARCEL, HERTWIG STEFANT. Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes). ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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245
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Frankham GJ, Handasyde KA, Eldridge MD. Novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships of the endangered marsupial genus Potorous. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:592-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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246
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Dolman G, Joseph L. A species assemblage approach to comparative phylogeography of birds in southern Australia. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:354-69. [PMID: 22423329 PMCID: PMC3298948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel approach to investigating the divergence history of biomes and their component species using single-locus data prior to investing in multilocus data. We use coalescent-based hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (HABC) methods (MsBayes) to estimate the number and timing of discrete divergences across a putative barrier and to assign species to their appropriate period of co-divergence. We then apply a coalescent-based full Bayesian model of divergence (IMa) to suites of species shown to have simultaneously diverged. The full Bayesian model results in reduced credibility intervals around divergence times and allows other parameters associated with divergence to be summarized across species assemblages. We apply this approach to 10 bird species that are wholly or patchily discontinuous in semi-arid habitats between Australia's southwest (SW) and southeast (SE) mesic zones. There was substantial support for up to three discrete periods of divergence. HABC indicates that two species wholly restricted to more mesic habitats diverged earliest, between 594,382 and 3,417,699 years ago, three species from semi-arid habitats diverged between 0 and 1,508,049 years ago, and four diverged more recently, between 0 and 396,843 years ago. Eight species were assigned to three periods of co-divergence with confidence. For full Bayesian analyses, we accounted for uncertainty in the two remaining species by analyzing all possible suites of species. Estimates of divergence times from full Bayesian divergence models ranged between 429,105 and 2,006,355; 67,172 and 663,837; and 24,607 and 171,085 for the earliest, middle, and most recent periods of co-divergence, respectively. This single-locus approach uses the power of multitaxa coalescent analyses as an efficient means of generating a foundation for further, targeted research using multilocus and genomic tools applied to an understudied biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor Dolman
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem SciencesGPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of AdelaideSouth Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Leo Joseph
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem SciencesGPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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247
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Hawlitschek O, Hendrich L, Espeland M, Toussaint EFA, Genner MJ, Balke M. Pleistocene climate change promoted rapid diversification of aquatic invertebrates in Southeast Australia. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:142. [PMID: 22873814 PMCID: PMC3503846 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pleistocene Ice Ages were the most recent geohistorical event of major global impact, but their consequences for most parts of the Southern hemisphere remain poorly known. We investigate a radiation of ten species of Sternopriscus, the most species-rich genus of epigean Australian diving beetles. These species are distinct based on genital morphology but cannot be distinguished readily by mtDNA and nDNA because of genotype sharing caused by incomplete lineage sorting. Their genetic similarity suggests a Pleistocene origin. Results We use a dataset of 3858 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to reconstruct a phylogeny of Sternopriscus using gene and species trees. Diversification analyses support the finding of a recent rapid speciation event with estimated speciation rates of up to 2.40 species per MY, which is considerably higher than the proposed average rate of 0.16 species per MY for insects. Additionally, we use ecological niche modeling and analyze data on habitat preferences to test for niche divergence between species of the recent Sternopriscus radiation. These analyses show that the species can be characterized by a set of ecological variables referring to habitat, climate and altitude. Conclusions Our results suggest that the repeated isolation of populations in glacial refugia might have led to divergent ecological adaptations and the fixation of morphological traits supporting reproductive isolation and therefore may have promoted speciation. The recent Sternopriscus radiation fulfills many characteristics of a species flock and would be the first described example of an aquatic insect species flock. We argue that the species of this group may represent a stage in speciation past the species flock condition because of their mostly broad and often non-overlapping ranges and preferences for different habitat types.
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Canestrelli D, Salvi D, Maura M, Bologna MA, Nascetti G. One species, three Pleistocene evolutionary histories: phylogeography of the Italian crested newt, Triturus carnifex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41754. [PMID: 22848590 PMCID: PMC3406094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic patterns of temperate species from the Mediterranean peninsulas have been investigated intensively. Nevertheless, as more phylogeographies become available, either unique patterns or new lines of concordance continue to emerge, providing new insights on the evolution of regional biotas. Here, we investigated the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the Italian crested newt, Triturus carnifex, through phylogenetic, molecular dating and population structure analyses of two mitochondrial gene fragments (ND2 and ND4; overall 1273 bp). We found three main mtDNA lineages having parapatric distribution and estimated divergence times between Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. One lineage (S) was widespread south of the northern Apennine chain and was further geographically structured into five sublineages, likely of Middle Pleistocene origin. The second lineage (C) was widespread throughout the Padano-Venetian plain and did not show a clear phylogeographic structure. The third lineage (N) was observed in only two populations located on western Croatia/Slovenia. Results of analysis of molecular variance suggested that partitioning populations according to the geographic distribution of these lineages and sublineages explains 76% of the observed genetic variation. The phylogeographic structure observed within T. carnifex and divergence time estimates among its lineages, suggest that responses to Pleistocene environmental changes in this single species have been as diverse as those found previously among several codistributed temperate species combined. Consistent with the landscape heterogeneity, physiographic features, and palaeogeographical evolution of its distribution range, these responses encompass multiple refugia along the Apennine chain, lowland refugia in large peri-coastal plains, and a 'cryptic' northern refugium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canestrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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249
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Guzik MT, Adams MA, Murphy NP, Cooper SJB, Austin AD. Desert springs: deep phylogeographic structure in an ancient endemic crustacean (Phreatomerus latipes). PLoS One 2012; 7:e37642. [PMID: 22815684 PMCID: PMC3398905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Desert mound springs of the Great Artesian Basin in central Australia maintain an endemic fauna that have historically been considered ubiquitous throughout all of the springs. Recent studies, however, have shown that several endemic invertebrate species are genetically highly structured and contain previously unrecognised species, suggesting that individuals may be geographically 'stranded in desert islands'. Here we further tested the generality of this hypothesis by conducting genetic analyses of the obligate aquatic phreatoicid isopod Phreatomerus latipes. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships amongst P. latipes individuals were examined using a multilocus approach comprising allozymes and mtDNA sequence data. From the Lake Eyre region in South Australia we collected data for 476 individuals from 69 springs for the mtDNA gene COI; in addition, allozyme electrophoresis was conducted on 331 individuals from 19 sites for 25 putative loci. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses showed three major clades in both allozyme and mtDNA data, with a further nine mtDNA sub-clades, largely supported by the allozymes. Generally, each of these sub-clades was concordant with a traditional geographic grouping known as spring complexes. We observed a coalescent time between ∼2-15 million years ago for haplotypes within each of the nine mtDNA sub-clades, whilst an older total time to coalescence (>15 mya) was observed for the three major clades. Overall we observed that multiple layers of phylogeographic history are exemplified by Phreatomerus, suggesting that major climate events and their impact on the landscape have shaped the observed high levels of diversity and endemism. Our results show that this genus reflects a diverse fauna that existed during the early Miocene and appears to have been regionally restricted. Subsequent aridification events have led to substantial contraction of the original habitat, possibly over repeated Pleistocene ice age cycles, with P. latipes populations becoming restricted in the distribution to desert springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Guzik
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Ingham JA, Forster PI, Crisp MD, Cook LG. Ancient relicts or recent dispersal: how long have cycads been in central Australia? DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Ingham
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Qld; 4072; Australia
| | - Paul I. Forster
- Queensland Herbarium; Brisbane Botanic Gardens; Mt. Coot-tha Road; Toowong; Qld; 4066; Australia
| | - Michael D. Crisp
- Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra; ACT; 0200; Australia
| | - Lyn G. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Qld; 4072; Australia
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