201
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Toma S, Lasserre J, Brecx MC, Nyssen-Behets C. In vitroevaluation of peri-implantitis treatment modalities on Saos-2osteoblasts. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selena Toma
- Department of Periodontology; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Jerome Lasserre
- Department of Periodontology; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Michel C. Brecx
- Department of Periodontology; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
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202
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Renvert S, Quirynen M. Risk indicators for peri-implantitis. A narrative review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 26 Suppl 11:15-44. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Renvert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Kristianstad University; Kristianstad Sweden
- School of Dental Sciences; Trinity College; Dublin Ireland
- Blekinge Institute of Technology; Karlskrona Sweden
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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203
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Passoni BB, Dalago HR, Schuldt Filho G, Oliveira de Souza JG, Benfatti CAM, Magini RDS, Bianchini MA. Does the number of implants have any relation with peri-implant disease? J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:403-8. [PMID: 25466474 PMCID: PMC4245752 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of
pillar implants of implant-supported fixed prostheses and the prevalence of
periimplant disease. Material and Methods Clinical and radiographic data were obtained for the evaluation. The sample
consisted of 32 patients with implant-supported fixed prostheses in function for
at least one year. A total of 161 implants were evaluated. Two groups were formed
according to the number of implants: G1) ≤5 implants and G2) >5 implants. Data
collection included modified plaque index (MPi), bleeding on probing (BOP),
probing depth (PD), width of keratinized mucosa (KM) and radiographic bone loss
(BL). Clinical and radiographic data were grouped for each implant in order to
conduct the diagnosis of mucositis or peri-implantitis. Results Clinical parameters were compared between groups using Student's t test for
numeric variables (KM, PD and BL) and Mann-Whitney test for categorical variables
(MPi and BOP). KM and BL showed statistically significant differences between both
groups (p<0.001). Implants from G1 – 19 (20.43%) – compared with G2 – 26
(38.24%) – showed statistically significant differences regarding the prevalence
of peri-implantitis (p=0.0210). Conclusion It seems that more than 5 implants in total fixed rehabilitations increase bone
loss and consequently the prevalence of implants with periimplantitis.
Notwithstanding, the number of implants does not have any influence on the
prevalence of mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Born Passoni
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Haline Renata Dalago
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guenther Schuldt Filho
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Papantonopoulos G, Gogos C, Housos E, Bountis T, Loos BG. Peri-implantitis: a complex condition with non-linear characteristics. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:789-798. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papantonopoulos
- Center for Research and Applications of Nonlinear Systems; Department of Mathematics; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - Christos Gogos
- Technological Educational Institute of Epirus Department of Accounting and Finance; Preveza Greece
| | - Efthymios Housos
- Computer Systems Laboratory; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - Tassos Bountis
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Systems and Applied Analysis; Department of Mathematics; University of Patras; Patras Greece
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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205
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Subgingival microbiome in patients with healthy and ailing dental implants. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10948. [PMID: 26077225 PMCID: PMC4468443 DOI: 10.1038/srep10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are commonly used to replace missing teeth. However, the dysbiotic polymicrobial communities of peri-implant sites are responsible for peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. In this study, we analyzed the microbial characteristics of oral plaque from peri-implant pockets or sulci of healthy implants (n = 10), peri-implant mucositis (n = 8) and peri-implantitis (n = 6) sites using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. An increase in microbial diversity was observed in subgingival sites of ailing implants, compared with healthy implants. Microbial co-occurrence analysis revealed that periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia, were clustered into modules in the peri-implant mucositis network. Putative pathogens associated with peri-implantitis were present at a moderate relative abundance in peri-implant mucositis, suggesting that peri-implant mucositis an important early transitional phase during the development of peri-implantitis. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Eubacterium was increased at peri-implantitis locations, and co-occurrence analysis revealed that Eubacterium minutum was correlated with Prevotella intermedia in peri-implantitis sites, which suggests the association of Eubacterium with peri-implantitis. This study indicates that periodontal pathogens may play important roles in the shifting of healthy implant status to peri-implant disease.
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206
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Cold atmospheric plasma in combination with mechanical treatment improves osteoblast growth on biofilm covered titanium discs. Biomaterials 2015; 52:327-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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207
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Abstract
All treatment involving the use of biomaterials in the body can affect the host in positive or negative ways. The microbiological environment in the oral cavity is affected by the composition and shape of the biomaterials used for oral restorations. This may impair the patients’ oral health and sometimes their general health as well. Many factors determine the composition of the microbiota and the formation of biofilm in relation to biomaterials such as, surface roughness, surface energy and chemical composition, This paper aims to give an overview of the scientific literature regarding the association between the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of dental biomaterials and oral biofilm formation, with emphasis on current research and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Øilo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Aarstadveien 19, Bergen NO-5009, Norway
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +47-55586638; Fax: +47-55586489
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, The Laboratory Building, Bergen NO-5021, Norway; E-Mail:
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208
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Lee J, Lim JH, Lee J, Kim S, Koo KT, Seol YJ, Ku Y, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Efficacy of sonic-powered toothbrushes for plaque removal in patients with peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:56-61. [PMID: 25932339 PMCID: PMC4415002 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jungeun Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ku
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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209
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Implant-Based Rehabilitation in Oncology Patients Can Be Performed With High Long-Term Success. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:889-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mori G, Sasaki H, Makabe Y, Yoshinari M, Yajima Y. The genes Scgb1a1, Lpo and Gbp2 characteristically expressed in peri-implant epithelium of rats. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:e190-e198. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Makabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinari
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
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Abstract
Appropriate treatment of implants is becoming increasingly important for the general dentist as the number of implants placed per year continues to increase. Early diagnosis of peri-implantitis is imperative; initiating the correct treatment protocol depends on a proper diagnosis. Several risk factors exist for the development of peri-implantitis, which can guide patient selection and treatment planning. Treatment of peri-implantitis should be tailored to the severity of the lesion (as outlined by the cumulative interceptive supportive treatment protocol), ranging from mechanical debridement to explantation. Several surgical and nonsurgical treatment alternatives exist. There is little consensus on superior treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robertson
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Timothy Shahbazian
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
| | - Stephen MacLeod
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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Ata-Ali J, Flichy-Fernández AJ, Alegre-Domingo T, Ata-Ali F, Palacio J, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Clinical, microbiological, and immunological aspects of healthy versus peri-implantitis tissue in full arch reconstruction patients: a prospective cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:43. [PMID: 25888355 PMCID: PMC4391105 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the world-wide increase in treatments involving implant placement, the incidence of peri-implant disease is increasing. Late implant failure is the result of the inability to maintain osseointegration, whose most important cause is peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, microbiological, and immunological aspects in the peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) of patients with healthy dental implants and patients with peri-implantitis. Methods PISF samples were obtained from 24 peri-implantitis sites and 54 healthy peri-implant sites in this prospective cross-sectional study. The clinical parameters recorded were: modified gingival index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI) and probing pocket depth (PPD). The periodontopathogenic bacteria Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated, together with the total bacterial load (TBL). PISF samples were analyzed for the quantification of Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α using flow cytometry (FACS). Results The mGI and PPD scores in the peri-implantitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group (p < 0.001). A total of 61.5% of the patients with peri-implantitis had both arches rehabilitated, compared with 22.7% of patients with healthy peri-implant tissues; there was no implant with peri-implantitis in cases that received mandibular treatment exclusively (p < 0.05). Concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p < 0.01), association with bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola (p < 0.05), as well as the TBL (p < 0.05) are significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group. IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-10 (p < 0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) are significantly higher at the sites with peri-implantitis compared to healthy peri-implant tissue, while IL-8 did not increase significantly. Conclusion The results of the present study involving a limited patient sample suggest that the peri-implant microbiota and which dental arch was rehabilitated involved could contribute to bone loss in peri-implantitis. A significant relationship is observed between the concentration of cytokines (interleukins 1β, 6 and 10 and TNF-α) and the inflammatory response in peri-implantitis tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ata-Ali
- Public Dental Health Service, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, San Clemente Street 12, 46015, Valencia, Spain. .,Oral Surgery and Implantology, Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Fadi Ata-Ali
- Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Palacio
- Immunology Unit, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
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213
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Korsch M, Marten SM, Dötsch A, Jáuregui R, Pieper DH, Obst U. Effect of dental cements on peri-implant microbial community: comparison of the microbial communities inhabiting the peri-implant tissue when using different luting cements. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:e161-e166. [PMID: 25808842 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cementing dental restorations on implants poses the risk of undetected excess cement. Such cement remnants may favor the development of inflammation in the peri-implant tissue. The effect of excess cement on the bacterial community is not yet known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of two different dental cements on the composition of the microbial peri-implant community. METHODS In a cohort of 38 patients, samples of the peri-implant tissue were taken with paper points from one implant per patient. In 15 patients, the suprastructure had been cemented with a zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Temp Bond, TB) and in 23 patients with a methacrylate cement (Premier Implant Cement, PIC). The excess cement found as well as suppuration was documented. Subgingival samples of all patients were analyzed for taxonomic composition by means of 16S amplicon sequencing. RESULTS None of the TB-cemented implants had excess cement or suppuration. In 14 (61%) of the PIC, excess cement was found. Suppuration was detected in 33% of the PIC implants without excess cement and in 100% of the PIC implants with excess cement. The taxonomic analysis of the microbial samples revealed an accumulation of oral pathogens in the PIC patients independent of the presence of excess cement. Significantly fewer oral pathogens occurred in patients with TB compared to patients with PIC. CONCLUSION Compared with TB, PIC favors the development of suppuration and the growth of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Korsch
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Silke-Mareike Marten
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ruy Jáuregui
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ursula Obst
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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214
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215
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Charalampakis G, Belibasakis GN. Microbiome of peri-implant infections: lessons from conventional, molecular and metagenomic analyses. Virulence 2015; 6:183-7. [PMID: 25654499 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.980661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegrated dental implants are now a well-established treatment option in the armament of restorative dentistry. These technologically advanced devices are designed to functionally and esthetically replace missing teeth. Despite the revolutionary advances that implants have incurred, they have also provided the oral cavity with new artificial surfaces prone to the formation of oral biofilms, similarly to the hard tissue surfaces of natural teeth. Biofilm formation on the implant surface can trigger the inflammatory destruction of the peri-implant tissue, in what is known as peri-implantitis. The mixed microbial flora of peri-implant infections resembles that of periodontal infections, with some notable differences. These are likely to expand with the ever increasing application of metagenomics and metatrascriptomics in the analysis of oral ecology. This review presents the wealth of knowledge we have gained from microbiological methods used in the characterization of peri-implant microflora and sheds light over potential new benefits, as well as limitations, of the new sequencing technology in our understanding of peri-implant disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charalampakis
- a Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg University; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg ; Gothenburg , Sweden
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216
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Koukos G, Papadopoulos C, Tsalikis L, Sakellari D, Arsenakis M, Konstantinidis A. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in subjects with successful and failing dental implants. A pilot study. Open Dent J 2015; 8:257-63. [PMID: 25646133 PMCID: PMC4311380 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of the bacterial genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole respectively, in subjects with successful and failing dental implants and to assess the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and the mecA gene encoding for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the same samples. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The subject sample included 20 participants with clinically healthy osseointegrated implants and 20 participants with implants exhibiting peri-implantitis. Clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe, samples were collected from the peri-implant sulcus or pocket and analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction for bla TEM , tetM, tetQ and nim genes, S. aureus and MRSA using primers and conditions previously described in the literature. RESULTS Findings have shown high frequencies of detection for both groups for the tetracycline resistance genes tetM (>30%), tetQ (>65%) with no statistical differences between them (z-test with Bonferroni corrections, p<0.05). The bla TEM gene, which encodes resistance to beta-lactams, was detected in <15% of the samples. The nim gene, which encodes resistance to metronidazole, S.aureus and the mecA gene encoding for MRSA were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. CONCLUSIONS Healthy peri-implant sulci and peri-implantitis cases often harbor bacterial genes encoding for resistance to the tetracyclines and less often for beta-lactams. Thus, the antimicrobial activity of the tetracyclines and to a lower extent to beta-lactams, might be compromised for treatment of peri-implantitis. Since no metronidazole resistance genes were detected in the present study, its clinical use is supported by the current findings. S.aureus may not participate in peri-implant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Koukos
- 251 General Air Force Hospital, Department of Periodontology, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Papadopoulos
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thes-saloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thes-saloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thes-saloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Arsenakis
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Konstantinidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thes-saloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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217
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Kolakovic M, Held U, Schmidlin PR, Sahrmann P. An estimate of pocket closure and avoided needs of surgery after scaling and root planing with systemic antibiotics: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:159. [PMID: 25529408 PMCID: PMC4531502 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relevant benefits of adjunctive medication of antibiotica after conventional root surface debridement in terms of enhanced pocket depth (PD) reduction have been shown. However, means and standard deviations of enhanced reductions are difficult to translate into clinical relevant treatment outcomes such as pocket resolution or avoidance of additional surgical interventions. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review was to calculate odds ratios for relevant cut-off values of PD after mechanical periodontal treatment with and without antibiotics, specifically the combination of amoxicilline and metronidazol, from published studies. As clinical relevant cut-off values "pocket closure" for PD ≤ 3mm and "avoidance of surgical intervention" for PD ≤ 5 mm were determined. METHODS The databases PubMed, Embase and Central were searched for randomized clinical studies assessing the beneficial effect of the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole after non-surgical mechanical debridement. Titles, abstracts and finally full texts were scrutinized for possible inclusion by two independent investigators. Quality and heterogeneity of the studies were assessed and the study designs were examined. From published means and standard deviations for PD after therapy, odds ratios for the clinically relevant cut-off values were calculated using a specific statistical approach. RESULTS Meta-analyses were performed for the time points 3 and 6 month after mechanical therapy. Generally, a pronounced chance for pocket closure from 3 to 6 months of healing was shown. The administration of antibiotics resulted in a 3.55 and 4.43 fold higher probability of pocket closure after 3 and 6 months as compared to mechanical therapy alone. However, as the estimated risk for residual pockets > 5 mm was 0 for both groups, no odds ratio could be calculated for persistent needs for surgery. Generally, studies showed a moderate to high quality and large heterogeneity regarding treatment protocol, dose of antibiotic medication and maintenance. CONCLUSION With the performed statistical approach, a clear benefit in terms of an enhanced chance for pocket closure by co-administration of the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole as an adjunct to non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy has been shown. However, data calculation failed to show a benefit regarding the possible avoidance of surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kolakovic
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Held
- Horten Center, University Hospital Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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218
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Siddiqi A, Milne T, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. Analysis ofP. gingivalis, T. forsythiaandS. aureuslevels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6 months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 27:288-94. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allauddin Siddiqi
- Oral Implantology Research Group; Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Trudy Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Mary P. Cullinan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Gregory J. Seymour
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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219
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Schaumann S, Staufenbiel I, Scherer R, Schilhabel M, Winkel A, Stumpp SN, Eberhard J, Stiesch M. Pyrosequencing of supra- and subgingival biofilms from inflamed peri-implant and periodontal sites. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:157. [PMID: 25518856 PMCID: PMC4298060 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the microbial composition of biofilms at inflamed peri-implant and periodontal tissues in the same subject, using 16S rRNA sequencing. METHODS Supra- and submucosal, and supra- and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 7 subjects suffering from diseased peri-implant and periodontal tissues. Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced and aligned for the identification of bacterial genera. RESULTS 43734 chimera-depleted, denoised sequences were identified, corresponding to 1 phylum, 8 classes, 10 orders, 44 families and 150 genera. The most abundant families or genera found in supramucosal or supragingival plaque were Streptoccocaceae, Rothia and Porphyromonas. In submucosal plaque, the most abundant family or genera found were Rothia, Streptococcaceae and Porphyromonas on implants. The most abundant subgingival bacteria on teeth were Prevotella, Streptococcaceae, and TG5. The number of sequences found for the genera Tannerella and Aggregatibacter on implants differed significantly between supra- and submucosal locations before multiple testing. The analyses demonstrated no significant differences between microbiomes on implants and teeth in supra- or submucosal and supra- or subgingival biofilms. CONCLUSION Diseased peri-implant and periodontal tissues in the same subject share similiar bacterial genera and based on the analysis of taxa on a genus level biofilm compositions may not account for the potentially distinct pathologies at implants or teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schaumann
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- />Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Scherer
- />Institute for Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Schilhabel
- />Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha Nico Stumpp
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Eberhard
- />Peri-implant and Oral Infections, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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The effects of Er:YAG on the treatment of peri-implantitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1843-53. [PMID: 25428598 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of the erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser in patients with peri-implantitis remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Er:YAG laser (ERL) compared to subgingival mechanical debridement (SMD) for the treatment of peri-implantitis. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs), followed by a manual search. Results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with accompanying 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome measurements were changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Secondary outcome measurements included changes in gingival recession (GR). The meta-analysis was performed with fixed-effect or random-effect model according to the heterogeneity assessed by I (2) test. Visual asymmetry inspection of the funnel plot, Egger's regression test, and the trim-and-fill method were used to investigate publication bias. At 6 months, significant difference in PD reduction (p = 0.018) was observed for Er:YAG laser compared to SMD treatment, while no significant differences were detected in CAL gain and GR change; at 12 months, no significant difference was observed for any investigated outcome. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that use of the Er:YAG laser as alternative to SMD could potentially provide short-time additional benefits, while there is no evidence of long-time superior effectiveness. As all included studies were not at low risk of bias, and only four studies were included in the meta-analysis, future long-term and well-designed RCTs reporting clinical and microbiological outcomes, considering the cost/effectiveness ratio, and having a high methodological quality are needed to clarify the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser.
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221
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Rakic M, Struillou X, Petkovic-Curcin A, Matic S, Canullo L, Sanz M, Vojvodic D. Estimation of Bone Loss Biomarkers as a Diagnostic Tool for Peri-Implantitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1566-74. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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222
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The impact of luting agents and stiffness of implant-abutments on marginal adaptation, chipping, and fracture resistance of zirconia crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:279-91. [PMID: 25168974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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223
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Maruyama N, Maruyama F, Takeuchi Y, Aikawa C, Izumi Y, Nakagawa I. Intraindividual variation in core microbiota in peri-implantitis and periodontitis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6602. [PMID: 25308100 PMCID: PMC4194447 DOI: 10.1038/srep06602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota change dramatically with each part of the oral cavity, even within the same mouth. Nevertheless, the microbiota associated with peri-implantitis and periodontitis have been considered the same. To improve our knowledge of the different communities of complex oral microbiota, we compared the microbial features between peri-implantitis and periodontitis in 20 patients with both diseases. Although the clinical symptoms of peri-implantitis were similar to those of periodontitis, the core microbiota of the diseases differed. Correlation analysis revealed the specific microbial co-occurrence patterns and found some of the species were associated with the clinical parameters in a disease-specific manner. The proportion of Prevotella nigrescens was significantly higher in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis, while the proportions of Peptostreptococcaceae sp. and Desulfomicrobium orale were significantly higher in periodontitis than in peri-implantitis. The severity of the peri-implantitis was also species-associated, including with an uncultured Treponema sp. that correlated to 4 clinical parameters. These results indicate that peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial infections with different causative pathogens. Our study provides a framework for the ecologically different bacterial communities between peri-implantitis and periodontitis, and it will be useful for further studies to understand the complex microbiota and pathogenic mechanisms of oral polymicrobial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Maruyama
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Chihiro Aikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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Romanos GE, Javed F, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Calvo-Guirado JL. Peri-implant diseases: a review of treatment interventions. Dent Clin North Am 2014; 59:157-78. [PMID: 25434564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ideal management of peri-implant diseases focuses on infection control, detoxification of implant surfaces, regeneration of lost tissues, and plaque-control regimens via mechanical debridement (with or without raising a surgical flap). However, a variety of other therapeutic modalities also have been proposed for the management of peri-implantitis. These treatment strategies encompass use of antiseptics and/or antibiotics, laser therapy, guided bone regeneration, and photodynamic therapy. The aim of this article was to review indexed literature with reference to the various therapeutic interventions proposed for the management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA.
| | - Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Derriyah, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 1103 Westchester Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8712, USA
| | - José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, 2° Planta Clínica Odontológica Calle Marques de los Velez S/n, Murcia 30007, Spain
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225
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Monje A, Alcoforado G, Padial-Molina M, Suarez F, Lin GH, Wang HL. Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1398-407. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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226
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Alani A, Kelleher M, Bishop K. Peri-implantitis. Part 1: Scope of the problem. Br Dent J 2014; 217:281-7. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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227
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CD14 and TNFα single nucleotide polymorphisms are candidates for genetic biomarkers of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:791-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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228
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Antibacterial properties of metal and metalloid ions in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis therapy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3795-810. [PMID: 24704700 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis have been linked with Gram-negative anaerobes. The incorporation of various chemotherapeutic agents, including metal ions, into several materials and devices has been extensively studied against periodontal bacteria, and materials doped with metal ions have been proposed for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss the effectiveness of materials doped with metal and metalloid ions already used in the treatment of periodontal diseases, as well as the potential use of alternative materials that are currently available for other applications but have been proved to be cytotoxic to the specific periodontal pathogens. The sources of this review included English articles using Google Scholar™, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed. Search terms included the combinations of the descriptors "disease", "ionic species" and "bacterium". Articles that discuss the biocidal properties of materials doped with metal and metalloid ions against the specific periodontal bacteria were included. The articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields. The evaluation of resources was based on the quality of the content and the relevance to the topic, which was evaluated by the ionic species and the bacteria used in the study, while the final application was not considered as relevant. The present review summarizes the extensive previous and current research efforts concerning the use of metal ions in periodontal diseases therapy, while it points out the challenges and opportunities lying ahead.
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Pedrazzi V, Escobar EC, Cortelli JR, Haas AN, Andrade AKPD, Pannuti CM, Almeida ERD, Costa FO, Cortelli SC, Rode SDM. Antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an adjunct method in peri-implant biofilm control. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28 Spec No:S1806-83242014000200301. [PMID: 25003787 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Great possibilities for oral rehabilitation emerged as a result of scientific consolidation, as well as a large number of dental implant applications. Along with implants appeared diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis, requiring management through several strategies applied at different stages. Biofilm accumulation is associated with clinical signs manifest by both tooth and implant inflammation. With this in mind, regular and complete biofilm elimination becomes essential for disease prevention and host protection. Chemical control of biofilms, as an adjuvant to mechanical oral hygiene, is fully justified by its simplicity and efficacy proven by studies based on clinical evidence. The purpose of this review was to present a consensus regarding the importance of antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an auxiliary method in chemical peri-implant biofilm control. The active ingredients of the several available mouthrinses include bis-biguanide, essential oils, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxygenating compounds, chlorine derivatives, plant extracts, fluorides, antibiotics and antimicrobial agent combinations. It was concluded that there is strong clinical evidence that at least two mouthrinses have scientifically proven efficacy against different oral biofilms, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate and essential oils; however, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate presents a number of unwanted side effects and should be prescribed with caution. Chemical agents seem beneficial in controlling peri-implant inflammation, although they require further investigation. We recommend a scientifically proven antiseptic, with significant short and long term efficacy and with no unwanted side effects, for the prevention and/or treatment of peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Pedrazzi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Escobar
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Cortelli
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Mendes Pannuti
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliete Rodrigues de Almeida
- Epidemiology and Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Sigmar de Mello Rode
- Dental Materials and Prosthesis Department, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Vervaeke S, Collaert B, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H. A 9-Year Prospective Case Series Using Multivariate Analyses to Identify Predictors of Early and Late Peri-Implant Bone Loss. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 18:30-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Vervaeke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; School of Dental Medicine; Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno Collaert
- Center for Periodontology and Implantology Leuven; Heverlee Belgium
| | - Jan Cosyn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; School of Dental Medicine; Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Dental Medicine; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Hugo De Bruyn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; School of Dental Medicine; Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Malmö; Malmö Sweden
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Pirih FQ, Hiyari S, Leung HY, Barroso ADV, Jorge ACA, Perussolo J, Atti E, Lin YL, Tetradis S, Camargo PM. A Murine Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Peri-Implant Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2014; 41:e158-64. [PMID: 24967609 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants are a widely used treatment option for tooth replacement. However, they are susceptible to inflammatory diseases such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, which are highly prevalent and may lead to implant loss. Unfortunately, the understanding of the pathogenesis of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is fragmented and incomplete. Therefore, the availability of a reproducible animal model to study these inflammatory diseases would facilitate the dissection of their pathogenic mechanisms. The objective of this study is to propose a murine model of experimental peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Screw-shaped titanium implants were placed in the upper healed edentulous alveolar ridges of C57BL/6J mice 8 weeks after tooth extraction. Following 4 weeks of osseointegration, Porphyromonas gingivalis -lipolysaccharide (LPS) injections were delivered to the peri-implant soft tissues for 6 weeks. No-injections and vehicle injections were utilized as controls. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were assessed clinically, radiographically (microcomputerized tomograph [CT]), and histologically following LPS-treatment. LPS-injections resulted in a significant increase in soft tissue edema around the head of the implants as compared to the control groups. Micro-CT analysis revealed significantly greater bone loss in the LPS-treated implants. Histological analysis of the specimens demonstrated that the LPS-group had increased soft tissue vascularity, which harbored a dense mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, and the bone exhibited noticeable osteoclast activity. The induction of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in mice via localized delivery of bacterial LPS has been demonstrated. We anticipate that this model will contribute to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches for these 2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Q Pirih
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sarah Hiyari
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ho-Yin Leung
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ana D V Barroso
- 2 Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, School of Dentistry, Brazil
| | - Adrian C A Jorge
- 3 Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Atti
- 4 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Oral Radiology, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- 5 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Oral Pathology, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- 4 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Oral Radiology, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Paulo M Camargo
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, Los Angeles, Calif
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232
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Ioannidis A, Thurnheer T, Hofer D, Sahrmann P, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Mechanical and hydrodynamic homecare devices to clean rough implant surfaces - an in vitro polyspecies biofilm study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:523-8. [PMID: 24944072 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cleaning efficacy of a mechanical and a hydrodynamic homecare device on biofilm-coated titanium surfaces with and without chlorhexidine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six-species biofilms were grown on 108 SLA-titanium discs, which were cleaned as follows: sonic toothbrush alone (i) or in combination with either a 0.2% chlorhexidine (ii) or a placebo gel (iii) and oral irrigator (hydrodynamic action) with water (iv) or combined with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (v). Untreated samples served as control (vi). Biofilms were then harvested either immediately after treatment (study part A) or after a regrowth phase of 24 h (study part B) and colony-forming units (CFU) were assessed. Results were analysed using Whitney U-tests between the treatment groups. After the Bonferroni correction, the significance level was set at α = 0.0033. RESULTS The median CFU counts directly after instrumentation accounted - in ascending order (P-values in comparison with the control group A6 were <0.001 for all groups except for A3: P = 0.014) - 2.0E1 (A5), 1.1E5 (A4), 3.6E5 (A2), 3.3E5 (A1) and 6.8E6 (A3), respectively. The untreated control group showed the highest CFU counts: 1.8E7 (A6). After regrowth, the following CFU counts were measured in ascending order (all P-values <0.001 when compared to the control group B6 = 2.0E8): 1.6E2 (B5), 1.9E5 (B2), 1.4E7 (B4), 3.1E7 (B1) and 3.9E7 (B3). CONCLUSIONS An oral irrigator combined with 0.2% chlorhexidine is effective in reducing biofilms attached to rough titanium surfaces immediately after cleaning. Following a regrowth phase of 24 h, micro-organisms could be equally effective removed with a sonic toothbrush combined with 0.2% chlorhexidine and an oral irrigator with 0.2% chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ioannidis
- Clinic of Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Guo M, Wang Z, Fan X, Bian Y, Wang T, Zhu L, Lan J. kgp, rgpA, and rgpB DNA vaccines induce antibody responses in experimental peri-implantitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1575-81. [PMID: 24921431 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is the key factor for implant failure. This study aims to evaluate kgp, rgpA, and rgpB DNA vaccines to induce an immune response and prevent peri-implantitis. METHODS The kgp, rgpA, and rgpB genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) ATCC 33277 and cloned into the pVAX1 vector. Titanium implants were placed into the mandibular bone of dogs. Three months later, the animals were divided into four groups, immunized with pVAX1-kgp, pVAX1-rgpA, pVAX1-rgpB, or pVAX1. Cotton ligatures infiltrated with Pg were tied around the neck of the implants. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after immunization. RESULTS The kgp, rgpA, and rgpB genes were successfully cloned into the pVAX1 plasmid. Animals immunized with pVAX1-kgp and pVAX1-rgpA showed higher titers of IgG and IgA antibodies compared to those before immunization (P <0.05) and compared to those that were immunized with pVAX1 and pVAX1-rgpB, whereas there were no significant differences in the animals treated with pVAX1 and pVAX1-rgpB. Furthermore, among these, the kgp DNA vaccine was more effective. The bone losses of the groups with pVAX1-kgp and pVAX1-rgpA were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION pVAX1-kgp and pVAX1-rgpA DNA vaccines enhanced immunity responses and significantly retarded bone loss in experimental peri-implantitis animal models, whereas pVAX1-rgpB was ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Shandong, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
As the population ages and life expectancy increases, clinicians today find themselves in the wake of an ever-growing demand for high-quality aesthetic dental treatment, by increasingly informed patients. The long-term success of both cosmetic and restorative dentistry is dependent on well designed restorations and the health of the periodontal tissues. Overhanging restorations, full crown restorations with poor marginal fit, and implant-supported prosthetics with inadequate hygiene access all increase the risk for periodontal sequelae and interproximal caries. When planning restorative treatment, consideration should be given to the restorative design, the need for hygiene access and the location of intended implants. In addition, the patient's manual dexterity and ability to manipulate oral hygiene aids is a crucial consideration, as is adequate access for the hygienist to manually debride and maintain the restorations.
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Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues and exhibits a wide range of clinical, microbiological and immunological manifestations. The disease is associated with and is probably caused by a multifaceted dynamic interaction of specific infectious agents, host immune responses, harmful environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility factors. This volume of Periodontology 2000 covers key subdisciplines of periodontology, ranging from etiopathogeny to therapy, with emphasis on diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, immunology, systemic complications, anti-infective therapy, reparative treatment, self-care and affordability issues. Learned and unlearned concepts of periodontitis over the past 50 years have shaped our current understanding of the etiology of the disease and of clinical practice.
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Park SY, Kim KH, Gwak EH, Rhee SH, Lee JC, Shin SY, Koo KT, Lee YM, Seol YJ. Ex vivo bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene delivery using periodontal ligament stem cells for enhanced re-osseointegration in the regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:38-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Periodontology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Gwak
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Rhee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science; Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeong-Cheol Lee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science; Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Shin
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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237
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Steindorff MM, Lehl H, Winkel A, Stiesch M. Innovative approaches to regenerate teeth by tissue engineering. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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238
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Villard N, Seneviratne C, Tsoi JKH, Heinonen M, Matinlinna J. Candida albicansaspects of novel silane system-coated titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:332-41. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villard
- Department of Dental Materials Science; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Chaminda Seneviratne
- Department of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Department of Dental Materials Science; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Markku Heinonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Department of Dental Materials Science; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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239
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SHIMOGISHI M, TSUTSUMI Y, KURODA S, MUNAKATA M, HANAWA T, KASUGAI S. Effects of acidic sodium fluoride-treated, commercially pure titanium on periodontal pathogens and rat bone marrow cells. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:70-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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240
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Sahrmann P, Ronay V, Hofer D, Attin T, Jung RE, Schmidlin PR. In vitrocleaning potential of three different implant debridement methods. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 26:314-9. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Valerie Ronay
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Deborah Hofer
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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241
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Rams TE, Balkin BE, Roberts TW, Molzan AK. Microbiological Aspects of Human Mandibular Subperiosteal Dental Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 39:714-22. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical features of human mandibular subperiosteal dental implants exhibiting peri-implantitis were compared with those experiencing long-term peri-implant health. After evaluation of clinical parameters, submucosal plaque samples were obtained from permucosal implant abutment posts exhibiting probing depths ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing in subjects with peri-implantitis (n = 3) and from posts with peri-implant health in subjects with long-term subperiosteal implant health (n = 8). The microbial specimens were transported in VMGA III and plated onto enriched Brucella blood agar and Hammond's selective medium with anaerobic incubation, and onto selective TSBV with 5% CO2 incubation. Total anaerobic viable counts and selected bacterial species were identified using established phenotypic methods and criteria. In vitro resistance to doxycycline (2 μg/mL), amoxicillin (2 μg/mL), or metronidazole (4 μg/mL) was recorded per subject when bacterial pathogen growth was noted on antibiotic-supplemented isolation plates. Interleukin (IL)–1β levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peri-implant crevicular fluid samples from 5 study subjects. Significantly higher Plaque Index scores, higher total anaerobic viable counts, more red complex species, and lower proportions of gram-positive facultative viridans streptococci and Actinomyces species were detected on peri-implantitis–affected subperiosteal implants as compared with subperiosteal implants with long-term peri-implant health. No in vitro resistance to the 3 test antibiotic breakpoint concentrations studied was found, except a Fusobacterium nucleatum strain resistant to doxycycline at 2 μg/mL from 1 peri-implantitis subject. Subperiosteal implants with peri-implantitis tended to yield higher peri-implant crevicular fluid IL-1β levels. The level of peri-implant supramucosal plaque control and the composition of the peri-implant submucosal microbiome may be important determinants of the long-term clinical status of mandibular subperiosteal dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, and Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Penn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Burton E. Balkin
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, and Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Penn
- Private practice, Philadelphia, Penn
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242
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Kim S, Kim J, Lim W, Jeon S, Kim O, Koh JT, Kim CS, Choi H, Kim O. In vitro bactericidal effects of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelength (red, green, and blue) light-emitting diode irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:554-62. [PMID: 24138193 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelengths, providing average power output and effects on three common pathogenic bacteria. BACKGROUND DATA Ultraviolet (UV) light kills bacteria, but the bactericidal effects of UV may not be unique, as 425 nm produces a similar effect. The bactericidal effects of light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths such as 625 and 525 nm have not been described. Before conducting clinical trials, the appropriate wavelength with reasonable dose and exposure time should be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bactericidal effects of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelength LED irradiation were investigated in vitro for the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and two aerobes (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli DH5α). Average power output was 6 mW/cm(2) for 1 h. The bacteria were exposed to LED irradiation for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h (21.6, 43.2, 86.4, and 172.8 J/cm(2), respectively). LED irradiation was performed during growth on agar and in broth. Control bacteria were incubated without LED irradiation. Bacterial growth was expressed in colony-forming units (CFU) and at an optical density at 600 nm in agar and broth. RESULTS The bactericidal effect of LED phototherapy depended upon wavelength, power density, bacterial viable number, and bacteria species. The bactericidal effect of 425 and 525 nm irradiation varied depending upon the bacterial inoculation, compared with unirradiated samples and samples irradiated with red light. Especially, P. gingivalis and E. coli DH5α were killed by 425 nm, and S. aureus growth was inhibited by 525 nm. However, the wavelength of 625 nm was not bactericidal for P. gingivalis, E. coli DH5α, or S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation at 625 nm light was not bactericidal to S. aureus, E. coli, and P. gingivalis, whereas wavelengths of 425 and 525 nm had bactericidal effects. S. aureus was also killed at 525 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangWoo Kim
- 1 Department of Oral Pathology, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University , Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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243
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Belibasakis GN. Microbiological and immuno-pathological aspects of peri-implant diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:66-72. [PMID: 24209597 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant diseases are a cluster of "contemporary" oral infections in humans that have emerged as a result of the routine application of osseointegrated dental implants in clinical practice. They are characterized by the inflammatory destruction of the implant-supporting tissues, as a result of biofilm formation on the implant surface. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are analogous to gingivitis and periodontitis that affect natural teeth. The aim of this comprehensive review was to provide insights into the infectious aetiology and immuno-pathology of peri-implant diseases, and to identify similarities and differences with periodontal diseases. The microbial composition of peri-implantitis-associated biofilms is mixed, non-specific and very similar to that of periodontitis. A considerable exception is the frequent presence of high numbers of staphylococci and enteric bacteria in peri-implantitis. The sequence of immuno-pathological events and the qualitative composition of the immune cells in peri-implant infections are similar to that of periodontal infections. The lesions are characterized predominantly by neutrophils, macrophages, T- and B-cells. Nevertheless, compared to periodontitis, peri-implantitis is marked by a more extensive inflammatory infiltrate and innate immune response, a greater severity of tissue destruction and a faster progression rate. This could well account for the structural differences between the two tissue types, predominantly the lack of periodontal ligament and Sharpey's fibres around implants. In order to support the early diagnosis and prevention of peri-implantitis, it is crucial to explain its fast progression rate by elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. This could be achieved, for instance, by utilizing the non-invasive collection and analysis of peri-implant crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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244
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Bravo F, Castro Y, Grados S. Factores de riesgo y periimplantitis en la terapia implantológica. Revisión narrativa. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2013.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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245
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Froum SJ. Regenerative Treatment for a Peri-Implantitis-Affected Implant: A Case Report. Clin Adv Periodontics 2013. [DOI: 10.1902/cap.2012.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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246
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Efficacy of various side-to-side toothbrushes for noncontact biofilm removal. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:793-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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247
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Henderson E, Schneider S, Petersen FC, Haugen HJ, Wohlfahrt JC, Ekstrand K, Ekfeldt A. Chemical debridement of contaminated titanium surfaces: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:957-64. [PMID: 23140518 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of different chemical solutions when used for chemical debridement of biofilm contaminated titanium surfaces in an in-vitro experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Commercially pure titanium discs with a diameter of 6.2 mm and height of 2 mm, mirror-polished with a measured surface amplitude value SA = 0.037 μm ± 0.009 were used as test-surfaces. A biofilm was simulated with multi-layers of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC359844 covering the entire titanium surface. The chemical agents tested were: 3% H2O2, 0.2% Chlorhexidine, 24% EDTA-gel, 3% H2O2 mixed with 1.6 g/L TiO2 and sterile saline solution. The decontamination effect was evaluated by optical density analysis using spectrophotometry and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the remaining biofilm. RESULTS The suspensions of 3% H2O2 and 1.6 g/L TiO2 or 3% H2O2 alone were the most effective in removing S. epidermidis biofilms (p < 0.05), whereas 0.2% chlorhexidine or 24% EDTA gel had no significant effects. SEM images of the remaining biofilms supported the quantitative results indicating the higher efficacy of 3% H2O2 and 1.6 g/L TiO2 or 3% H2O2 alone. It also revealed that EDTA, despite a non-significant effect on reducing the amount of established biofilms, was able to alter the biofilm architecture, as demonstrated by increased interspaced regions. CONCLUSIONS In this in vitro study the decontamination potential of a suspension of 3% H2O2 and 1.6 g/L TiO2 or 3% H2O2 alone were encouraging. Whether such procedures would have a similar effect in vivo remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Henderson
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Oral Function, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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248
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Luo Z, Wang H, Sun Z, Luo W, Wu Y. Expression of IL-22, IL-22R and IL-23 in the peri-implant soft tissues of patients with peri-implantitis. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:523-9. [PMID: 23058849 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the expression of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-22R and IL-23 in the peri-implant soft tissues between the peri-implantitis patient group (PG) and peri-implant healthy control group (HG). METHODS The tissues were collected from 12 peri-implantitis patients and eight peri-implant healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to analyse the gene expression of IL-22, IL-22R and IL-23p19 in peri-implant soft tissues in the PG and the HG group. RESULTS The IHC result showed that number of IL-22, IL-22R, and IL-23p19 positive cells increased in PG than in HG (P<0.05). The result of qPCR demonstrated that the expressions of IL-22 messenger RNA (mRNA) and IL-23p19 mRNA were significantly higher in the PG group compared to the HG group (P<0.05). Gene expression of IL-22R mRNA was higher in the PG group; however, there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that there is an increased expression level of IL-22 and IL-23 in patients with peri-implantitis, which may induce expression of related pro-inflammatory cytokines and may further have a crucial role in tissue repair and reconstruction in pathogenesis of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Periodontics, West China College of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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249
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex infectious disease that affects low-income individuals disproportionately. Periodontitis is associated with specific bacterial species and herpesviruses, and successful prevention and treatment of the disease is contingent upon effective control of these pathogens. This article presents an efficacious, highly safe, minimally invasive, practical and low-cost periodontal therapy that involves professional and patient-administered mechanical therapy and antimicrobial agents. The major components are scaling for calculus removal, periodontal pocket irrigation with potent antiseptics, and treatment with systemic antibiotics for advanced disease. Povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite have all the characteristics for becoming the first-choice antiseptics in the management of periodontal diseases. Both agents show excellent antibacterial and antiviral properties, are readily available throughout the world, have been safely used in periodontal therapy for decades, offer significant benefits for individuals with very limited financial resources, and are well accepted by most dental professionals and patients. Four per cent chlorhexidine applied with a toothbrush to the most posterior part to the tongue dorsum can markedly reduce or eliminate halitosis in most individuals. Systemic antibiotics are used to treat periodontopathic bacteria that are not readily reached by topical therapy, such as pathogens within gingival tissue, within furcation defects, at the base of periodontal pockets, and on the tongue, tonsils and buccal mucosae. Valuable antibiotic therapies are amoxicillin-metronidazole (250 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of metronidazole, three times daily for 8 days) for young and middle-aged patients, and ciprofloxacin-metronidazole (500 mg of each, twice daily for 8 days) for elderly patients and for patients in developing countries who frequently harbor enteric rods subgingivally. Scaling to remove dental calculus and the prudent use of inexpensive antimicrobial agents can significantly retard or arrest progressive periodontitis in the great majority of patients.
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250
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Casado PL, Pereira MC, Duarte MEL, Granjeiro JM. History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:136-41. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The success rates in implant dentistry vary significantly among patients presenting previous history of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) are more susceptible to peri-implant disease (PID) than those without history of CP. Two hundred and fifteen individuals, under periodontal maintenance, presenting 754 osseointegrated implants, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the peri-implant status: Control group (patients without PID; n=129) and PID group (patients with PID; n=86). All peri-implant regions were clinically evaluated, including analyses of mucosa inflammation, edema and implant mobility. Periapical radiography assessed the presence of peri-implant bone loss. According to the clinical/radiographic characteristics, patients in Control and PID groups were diagnosed as having CP or not. Nominal variables were evaluated by the chi-square test. The distribution of numeric variables was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze significant differences for parametric and non-parametric data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. There was a highly significant correlation between CP history and PID (p<0.0001). Patients with CP had 4 times more chance of developing PID than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. Also, CP patients showed higher bleeding on probing (p=0.002) and bone loss around implant (p=0.004) when compared with patients without CP. In conclusion, history of CP is a high risk factor for the development of PID, irrespective of gender or region of implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- Center of Clinical Research - Orthopedics and Traumatology National Institute - INTO - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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