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Hu J, Gholami A, Stone N, Bartoszko J, Thoma A. An Evaluation of h-Index as a Measure of Research Productivity Among Canadian Academic Plastic Surgeons. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2018; 26:5-10. [PMID: 29619353 DOI: 10.1177/2292550317749508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of research productivity among plastic surgeons can be complex. The Hirsch index (h-index) was recently introduced to evaluate both the quality and quantity of one's research activity. It has been proposed to be valuable in assessing promotions and grant funding within academic medicine, including plastic surgery. Our objective is to evaluate research productivity among Canadian academic plastic surgeons using the h-index. Methods A list of Canadian academic plastic surgeons was obtained from websites of academic training programs. The h-index was retrieved using the Scopus database. Relevant demographic and academic factors were collected and their effects on the h-index were analyzed using the t test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test. Nominal and categorical variables were analyzed using χ2 test and 1-way analysis of variance. Univariate and multivariate models were built a priori. All P values were 2 sided, and P < .05 was considered to be significant. Results Our study on Canadian plastic surgeons involved 175 surgeons with an average h-index of 7.6. Over 80% of the surgeons were male. Both univariable and multivariable analysis showed that graduate degree (P < .0001), academic rank (P = .03), and years in practice (P < .0001) were positively correlated with h-index. Limitations of the study include that the Scopus database and the websites of training programs were not always up-to-date. Conclusion The h-index is a novel tool for evaluating research productivity in academic medicine, and this study shows that the h-index can also serve as a useful metric for measuring research productivity in the Canadian plastic surgery community. Plastic surgeons would be wise to familiarize themselves with the h-index concept and should consider using it as an adjunct to existing metrics such as total publication number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Hu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arian Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justyna Bartoszko
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Achilleas Thoma
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Dias L, Gerlach M, Scharloth J, Altmann EG. Using text analysis to quantify the similarity and evolution of scientific disciplines. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171545. [PMID: 29410857 PMCID: PMC5792934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use an information-theoretic measure of linguistic similarity to investigate the organization and evolution of scientific fields. An analysis of almost 20 M papers from the past three decades reveals that the linguistic similarity is related but different from experts and citation-based classifications, leading to an improved view on the organization of science. A temporal analysis of the similarity of fields shows that some fields (e.g. computer science) are becoming increasingly central, but that on average the similarity between pairs of disciplines has not changed in the last decades. This suggests that tendencies of convergence (e.g. multi-disciplinarity) and divergence (e.g. specialization) of disciplines are in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laércio Dias
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Gerlach
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joachim Scharloth
- Department of German, TU Dresden, Applied Linguistics, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo G. Altmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
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204
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Rossetti G, Milli L, Giannotti F, Pedreschi D. Forecasting success via early adoptions analysis: A data-driven study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189096. [PMID: 29216255 PMCID: PMC5720712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovations are continuously launched over markets, such as new products over the retail market or new artists over the music scene. Some innovations become a success; others don't. Forecasting which innovations will succeed at the beginning of their lifecycle is hard. In this paper, we provide a data-driven, large-scale account of the existence of a special niche among early adopters, individuals that consistently tend to adopt successful innovations before they reach success: we will call them Hit-Savvy. Hit-Savvy can be discovered in very different markets and retain over time their ability to anticipate the success of innovations. As our second contribution, we devise a predictive analytical process, exploiting Hit-Savvy as signals, which achieves high accuracy in the early-stage prediction of successful innovations, far beyond the reach of state-of-the-art time series forecasting models. Indeed, our findings and predictive model can be fruitfully used to support marketing strategies and product placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rossetti
- Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Laboratory, ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Letizia Milli
- Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Laboratory, ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Computer Science Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fosca Giannotti
- Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Laboratory, ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dino Pedreschi
- Computer Science Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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205
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Comment on Bornmann (2017): confidence intervals for journal impact factors. Scientometrics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-017-2507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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206
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Santangelo GM. Article-level assessment of influence and translation in biomedical research. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1401-1408. [PMID: 28559438 PMCID: PMC5449139 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the vast scale of the modern scientific enterprise, it can be difficult for scientists to make judgments about the work of others through careful analysis of the entirety of the relevant literature. This has led to a reliance on metrics that are mathematically flawed and insufficiently diverse to account for the variety of ways in which investigators contribute to scientific progress. An urgent, critical first step in solving this problem is replacing the Journal Impact Factor with an article-level alternative. The Relative Citation Ratio (RCR), a metric that was designed to serve in that capacity, measures the influence of each publication on its respective area of research. RCR can serve as one component of a multifaceted metric that provides an effective data-driven supplement to expert opinion. Developing validated methods that quantify scientific progress can help to optimize the management of research investments and accelerate the acquisition of knowledge that improves human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Santangelo
- Office of Portfolio Analysis, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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207
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Higham K, Governale M, Jaffe A, Zülicke U. Unraveling the dynamics of growth, aging and inflation for citations to scientific articles from specific research fields. J Informetr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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208
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Abstract
We analyze time evolution of statistical distributions of citations to scientific papers published in the same year. While these distributions seem to follow the power-law dependence we find that they are nonstationary and the exponent of the power-law fit decreases with time and does not come to saturation. We attribute the nonstationarity of citation distributions to different longevity of the low-cited and highly cited papers. By measuring citation trajectories of papers we found that citation careers of the low-cited papers come to saturation after 10-15 years while those of the highly cited papers continue to increase indefinitely: The papers that exceed some citation threshold become runaways. Thus, we show that although citation distribution can look as a power-law dependence, it is not scale free and there is a hidden dynamic scale associated with the onset of runaways. We compare our measurements to our recently developed model of citation dynamics based on copying-redirection-triadic closure and find explanations to our empirical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Golosovsky
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
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210
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeping Beauties (SBs) are publications that are scarcely cited in the years immediately following publication but then suddenly become highly cited later. Such publications have unique citation patterns and can reveal important developments in the field in which they appear. OBJECTIVES No holistic analysis of nursing SBs has been done yet. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the SB phenomenon in the nursing research literature. METHOD The corpus for the nursing SB identification was harvested from the Web of Science Core Collection (Thomas Reuters) for the period 1934-2015. Citation histories of 212,239 publications were screened. From those, 3,209 publications with more than 100 citations were selected for analysis. We used our own software and applied the van Raan (2004) and Baumgartner (2010) criteria for SBs-a 5-year sleeping period with at most 10 citations during that time, an average of at least five citations per year after the first 10 years, with at least 100 citations in total. The knowledge context for SBs was determined using citing papers. All citing papers were analyzed with the help of VOSviewer software. RESULTS Nine publications were identified as SBs (prevalence of 0.004%). The length of sleep duration ranged from 5 to 10 years (M = 6.8, SD = 2.0), depth of sleep ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 citations (M = 0.6, SD = 0.2), and awake intensity ranged from 6.4 to 15.0 citations (M = 11.0, SD = 3.8). The average number of citations to SBs was 229. Most nursing SBs were produced in the United States (n = 8) from top institutions in journals with high-impact factors. Nursing SBs covered topics including resilience, sampling in qualitative research, metasynthesis, postoperative pain in children, dementia rating scales, care of patients with Alzheimer's disease, nursing theory related to fatigue mechanisms in cancer patients, and family participation during resuscitation. Nursing SBs were cited by authors from a large number of institutions and countries; the number of publications citing nursing SBs is growing exponentially and showing increasing and global interest in the research presented in them. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that SBs in nursing are similar to other scientific disciplines. Existence of SBs suggests that nursing knowledge accumulation is supported by research and professional processes similar to those that emerged in other academic disciplines.
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211
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Ahmadpoor M, Jones BF. The dual frontier: Patented inventions and prior scientific advance. Science 2017; 357:583-587. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Luck JM, Mehta A. How the fittest compete for leadership: A tale of tails. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:062306. [PMID: 28709281 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.062306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate how leaders emerge as a consequence of the competitive dynamics between coupled papers in a model citation network. Every paper is allocated an initial fitness depending on its intrinsic quality. Its fitness then involves dynamically as a consequence of the competition between itself and all the other papers in the field. It picks up citations as a result of this adaptive dynamics, becoming a leader if it has the highest citation count at a given time. Extensive analytical and numerical investigations of this model suggest the existence of a universal phase diagram, divided into regions of weak and strong coupling. In the former, we find an "extended" and rather structureless distribution of citation counts among many fit papers; leaders are not necessarily those with the maximal fitness at any given time. By contrast, the strong-coupling region is characterized by a strongly hierarchical distribution of citation counts, that are "localized" among only a few extremely fit papers, and exhibit strong history-to-history fluctuations, as a result of the complex dynamics among papers in the tail of the fitness distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Luck
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA and CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Mehta
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA and CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Institut für Informatik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Néda Z, Varga L, Biró TS. Science and Facebook: The same popularity law! PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179656. [PMID: 28678796 PMCID: PMC5497968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of scientific citations for publications selected with different rules (author, topic, institution, country, journal, etc…) collapse on a single curve if one plots the citations relative to their mean value. We find that the distribution of “shares” for the Facebook posts rescale in the same manner to the very same curve with scientific citations. This finding suggests that citations are subjected to the same growth mechanism with Facebook popularity measures, being influenced by a statistically similar social environment and selection mechanism. In a simple master-equation approach the exponential growth of the number of publications and a preferential selection mechanism leads to a Tsallis-Pareto distribution offering an excellent description for the observed statistics. Based on our model and on the data derived from PubMed we predict that according to the present trend the average citations per scientific publications exponentially relaxes to about 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Néda
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Department of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Levente Varga
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Department of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tamás S. Biró
- HIRG, HAS Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
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217
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Monechi B, Gravino P, Servedio VDP, Tria F, Loreto V. Significance and popularity in music production. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170433. [PMID: 28791169 PMCID: PMC5541564 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Creative industries constantly strive for fame and popularity. Though highly desirable, popularity is not the only achievement artistic creations might ever acquire. Leaving a longstanding mark in the global production and influencing future works is an even more important achievement, usually acknowledged by experts and scholars. 'Significant' or 'influential' works are not always well known to the public or have sometimes been long forgotten by the vast majority. In this paper, we focus on the duality between what is successful and what is significant in the musical context. To this end, we consider a user-generated set of tags collected through an online music platform, whose evolving co-occurrence network mirrors the growing conceptual space underlying music production. We define a set of general metrics aiming at characterizing music albums throughout history, and their relationships with the overall musical production. We show how these metrics allow to classify albums according to their current popularity or their belonging to expert-made lists of important albums. In this way, we provide the scientific community and the public at large with quantitative tools to tell apart popular albums from culturally or aesthetically relevant artworks. The generality of the methodology presented here lends itself to be used in all those fields where innovation and creativity are in play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Monechi
- Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Via Alassio 11/C, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Gravino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Vito D. P. Servedio
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Tria
- Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Via Alassio 11/C, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Loreto
- Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Via Alassio 11/C, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
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219
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Claudel M, Massaro E, Santi P, Murray F, Ratti C. An exploration of collaborative scientific production at MIT through spatial organization and institutional affiliation. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640829 PMCID: PMC5480888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic research is increasingly cross-disciplinary and collaborative, between and within institutions. In this context, what is the role and relevance of an individual's spatial position on a campus? We examine the collaboration patterns of faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, through their academic output (papers and patents), and their organizational structures (institutional affiliation and spatial configuration) over a 10-year time span. An initial comparison of output types reveals: 1. diverging trends in the composition of collaborative teams over time (size, faculty versus non-faculty, etc.); and 2. substantively different patterns of cross-building and cross-disciplinary collaboration. We then construct a multi-layered network of authors, and find two significant features of collaboration on campus: 1. a network topology and community structure that reveals spatial versus institutional collaboration bias; and 2. a persistent relationship between proximity and collaboration, well fit with an exponential decay model. This relationship is consistent for both papers and patents, and present also in exclusively cross-disciplinary work. These insights contribute an architectural dimension to the field of scientometrics, and take a first step toward empirical space-planning policy that supports collaboration within institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Claudel
- Lab for Innovation Science & Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (EM)
| | - Emanuele Massaro
- Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (EM)
| | - Paolo Santi
- Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Istituto di Informatica e Telematica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiona Murray
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Carlo Ratti
- Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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220
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Hui DSW, Chen YC, Zhang G, Wu W, Chen G, Lui JCS, Li Y. A Unified Framework for Complex Networks with Degree Trichotomy Based on Markov Chains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3723. [PMID: 28623348 PMCID: PMC5473852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper establishes a Markov chain model as a unified framework for describing the evolution processes in complex networks. The unique feature of the proposed model is its capability in addressing the formation mechanism that can reflect the "trichotomy" observed in degree distributions, based on which closed-form solutions can be derived. Important special cases of the proposed unified framework are those classical models, including Poisson, Exponential, Power-law distributed networks. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate a good match of the proposed model with real datasets, showing its superiority over the classical models. Implications of the model to various applications including citation analysis, online social networks, and vehicular networks design, are also discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gong Zhang
- Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - John C S Lui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingtao Li
- Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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221
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Monechi B, Ruiz-Serrano Ã, Tria F, Loreto V. Waves of novelties in the expansion into the adjacent possible. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179303. [PMID: 28594909 PMCID: PMC5464662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novelties and their rise and fall in popularity is an ubiquitous phenomenon in human activities. The coexistence of popular evergreens with novel and sometimes ephemeral trends pervades technological, scientific and artistic production. Though this phenomenon is very intuitively captured by our common sense, a comprehensive explanation of how waves of novelties are not hampered by well established old-comers is still lacking. Here we first quantify this phenomenology by empirically looking at different systems that display innovation at very different levels: the creation of hashtags in Twitter, the evolution of online code repositories, the creation of texts and the listening of songs on online platforms. In all these systems surprisingly similar patterns emerge as the non-trivial outcome of two contrasting forces: the tendency of retracing already explored avenues (exploit) and the inclination to explore new possibilities. These findings are naturally explained in the framework of the expansion of the adjacent possible, a recently introduced theoretical framework that postulates the restructuring of the space of possibilities conditional to the occurrence of innovations. The predictions of our theoretical framework are borne out in all the phenomenologies investigated, paving the way to a better understanding and control of innovation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Tria
- Sapienza University of Rome, Physics Dept., Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Vittorio Loreto
- ISI Foundation, Via Alassio 11C, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, Physics Dept., Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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222
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Bao P, Zhang X. Uncovering and Predicting the Dynamic Process of Collective Attention with Survival Theory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2621. [PMID: 28572618 PMCID: PMC5453944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of collective attention is in the center of this era of information explosion. It is thus of great interest to understand the fundamental mechanism underlying attention in large populations within a complex evolving system. Moreover, an ability to predict the dynamic process of collective attention for individual items has important implications in an array of areas. In this report, we propose a generative probabilistic model using a self-excited Hawkes process with survival theory to model and predict the process through which individual items gain their attentions. This model explicitly captures three key ingredients: the intrinsic attractiveness of an item, characterizing its inherent competitiveness against other items; a reinforcement mechanism based on sum of each previous attention triggers; and a power-law temporal relaxation function, corresponding to the aging in the ability to attract new attentions. Experiments on two population-scale datasets demonstrate that this model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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223
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Farys R, Wolbring T. Matched control groups for modeling events in citation data: An illustration of nobel prize effects in citation networks. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Farys
- Institute of Sociology; University of Bern, Fabrikstr; 8, S-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Tobias Wolbring
- Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Mannheim; A5, 6 D-68131 Mannheim Germany
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224
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Agrawal A, McHale J, Oettl A. How stars matter: Recruiting and peer effects in evolutionary biology. RESEARCH POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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225
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Mukherjee S, Romero DM, Jones B, Uzzi B. The nearly universal link between the age of past knowledge and tomorrow's breakthroughs in science and technology: The hotspot. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601315. [PMID: 28439537 PMCID: PMC5397134 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Scientists and inventors can draw on an ever-expanding literature for the building blocks of tomorrow's ideas, yet little is known about how combinations of past work are related to future discoveries. Our analysis parameterizes the age distribution of a work's references and revealed three links between the age of prior knowledge and hit papers and patents. First, works that cite literature with a low mean age and high age variance are in a citation "hotspot"; these works double their likelihood of being in the top 5% or better of citations. Second, the hotspot is nearly universal in all branches of science and technology and is increasingly predictive of a work's future citation impact. Third, a scientist or inventor is significantly more likely to write a paper in the hotspot when they are coauthoring than whey they are working alone. Our findings are based on all 28,426,345 scientific papers in the Web of Science, 1945-2013, and all 5,382,833 U.S. patents, 1950-2010, and reveal new antecedents of high-impact science and the link between prior literature and tomorrow's breakthrough ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Mukherjee
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems and Data Science, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Daniel M. Romero
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems and Data Science, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ben Jones
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brian Uzzi
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems and Data Science, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Miotto JM, Kantz H, Altmann EG. Stochastic dynamics and the predictability of big hits in online videos. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:032311. [PMID: 28415281 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.032311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The competition for the attention of users is a central element of the Internet. Crucial issues are the origin and predictability of big hits, the few items that capture a big portion of the total attention. We address these issues analyzing 10^{6} time series of videos' views from YouTube. We find that the average gain of views is linearly proportional to the number of views a video already has, in agreement with usual rich-get-richer mechanisms and Gibrat's law, but this fails to explain the prevalence of big hits. The reason is that the fluctuations around the average views are themselves heavy tailed. Based on these empirical observations, we propose a stochastic differential equation with Lévy noise as a model of the dynamics of videos. We show how this model is substantially better in estimating the probability of an ordinary item becoming a big hit, which is considerably underestimated in the traditional proportional-growth models.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Miotto
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Kantz
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo G Altmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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232
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Abstract
The desire to predict discoveries-to have some idea, in advance, of what will be discovered, by whom, when, and where-pervades nearly all aspects of modern science, from individual scientists to publishers, from funding agencies to hiring committees. In this Essay, we survey the emerging and interdisciplinary field of the "science of science" and what it teaches us about the predictability of scientific discovery. We then discuss future opportunities for improving predictions derived from the science of science and its potential impact, positive and negative, on the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Clauset
- Department of Computer Science, and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | | | - Roberta Sinatra
- Center for Network Science and Department of Mathematics, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.,Center for Complex Network Research and Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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233
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McLevey J, McIlroy-Young R. Introducing metaknowledge : Software for computational research in information science, network analysis, and science of science. J Informetr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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234
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Golosovsky M, Solomon S. Growing complex network of citations of scientific papers: Modeling and measurements. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:012324. [PMID: 28208427 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the network of citations of scientific papers and use a combination of the theoretical and experimental tools to uncover microscopic details of this network growth. Namely, we develop a stochastic model of citation dynamics based on the copying-redirection-triadic closure mechanism. In a complementary and coherent way, the model accounts both for statistics of references of scientific papers and for their citation dynamics. Originating in empirical measurements, the model is cast in such a way that it can be verified quantitatively in every aspect. Such validation is performed by measuring citation dynamics of physics papers. The measurements revealed nonlinear citation dynamics, the nonlinearity being intricately related to network topology. The nonlinearity has far-reaching consequences including nonstationary citation distributions, diverging citation trajectories of similar papers, runaways or "immortal papers" with infinite citation lifetime, etc. Thus nonlinearity in complex network growth is our most important finding. In a more specific context, our results can be a basis for quantitative probabilistic prediction of citation dynamics of individual papers and of the journal impact factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Golosovsky
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sorin Solomon
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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235
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Qian Y, Rong W, Jiang N, Tang J, Xiong Z. Citation regression analysis of computer science publications in different ranking categories and subfields. Scientometrics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-016-2235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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236
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Ji P, Jin J. Rejoinder: “Coauthorship and citation networks for statisticians”. Ann Appl Stat 2016. [DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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237
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Završnik J, Kokol P, Del Torso S, Blažun Vošner H. Citation context and impact of 'sleeping beauties' in paediatric research. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1212-1221. [PMID: 27834306 PMCID: PMC5536771 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516672129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 'Sleeping beauties', i.e. publications that are not cited for a long while, present interesting findings in science. This study analysed the citation trends of sleeping beauties in paediatric research. Methods The study used bibliometric software to analyse the papers citing sleeping beauties in paediatric research, to understand the context in which paediatric sleeping beauties were finally cited and the impact of these sleeping beauties on paediatric research. Results Two paediatric sleeping beauties, addressing medical homes and the transition from paediatric to adult health care, respectively, awakened in response to organizational needs. Both presented novel concepts of paediatric service organization that became important because of an increased need for optimization of services. Conclusion All sleeping beauties bring new knowledge that becomes important only after several years. Paediatric sleeping beauties exhibited unique characteristics; however, their presence in paediatric research shows that knowledge acquisition in paediatrics resembles that in other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kokol
- 2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Helena Blažun Vošner
- 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for International Cooperation, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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238
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Sinatra R, Wang D, Deville P, Song C, Barabasi AL. Quantifying the evolution of individual scientific impact. Science 2016; 354:354/6312/aaf5239. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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239
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Is this conference a top-tier? ConfAssist: An assistive conflict resolution framework for conference categorization. J Informetr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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240
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Mariani MS, Medo M, Zhang YC. Identification of milestone papers through time-balanced network centrality. J Informetr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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241
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Teng X, Pei S, Morone F, Makse HA. Collective Influence of Multiple Spreaders Evaluated by Tracing Real Information Flow in Large-Scale Social Networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36043. [PMID: 27782207 PMCID: PMC5080555 DOI: 10.1038/srep36043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the most influential spreaders that maximize information flow is a central question in network theory. Recently, a scalable method called "Collective Influence (CI)" has been put forward through collective influence maximization. In contrast to heuristic methods evaluating nodes' significance separately, CI method inspects the collective influence of multiple spreaders. Despite that CI applies to the influence maximization problem in percolation model, it is still important to examine its efficacy in realistic information spreading. Here, we examine real-world information flow in various social and scientific platforms including American Physical Society, Facebook, Twitter and LiveJournal. Since empirical data cannot be directly mapped to ideal multi-source spreading, we leverage the behavioral patterns of users extracted from data to construct "virtual" information spreading processes. Our results demonstrate that the set of spreaders selected by CI can induce larger scale of information propagation. Moreover, local measures as the number of connections or citations are not necessarily the deterministic factors of nodes' importance in realistic information spreading. This result has significance for rankings scientists in scientific networks like the APS, where the commonly used number of citations can be a poor indicator of the collective influence of authors in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Teng
- Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Flaviano Morone
- Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hernán A. Makse
- Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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242
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Medo M, Mariani MS, Zeng A, Zhang YC. Identification and impact of discoverers in online social systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34218. [PMID: 27687588 PMCID: PMC5043231 DOI: 10.1038/srep34218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of users in online systems is of essential importance for sociology, system design, e-commerce, and beyond. Most existing models assume that individuals in diverse systems, ranging from social networks to e-commerce platforms, tend to what is already popular. We propose a statistical time-aware framework to identify the users who differ from the usual behavior by being repeatedly and persistently among the first to collect the items that later become hugely popular. Since these users effectively discover future hits, we refer them as discoverers. We use the proposed framework to demonstrate that discoverers are present in a wide range of real systems. Once identified, discoverers can be used to predict the future success of new items. We finally introduce a simple network model which reproduces the discovery patterns observed in the real data. Our results open the door to quantitative study of detailed temporal patterns in social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Medo
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Manuel S Mariani
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - An Zeng
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.,School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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243
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Pham T, Sheridan P, Shimodaira H. Joint estimation of preferential attachment and node fitness in growing complex networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32558. [PMID: 27601314 PMCID: PMC5013469 DOI: 10.1038/srep32558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex network growth across diverse fields of science is hypothesized to be driven in the main by a combination of preferential attachment and node fitness processes. For measuring the respective influences of these processes, previous approaches make strong and untested assumptions on the functional forms of either the preferential attachment function or fitness function or both. We introduce a Bayesian statistical method called PAFit to estimate preferential attachment and node fitness without imposing such functional constraints that works by maximizing a log-likelihood function with suitably added regularization terms. We use PAFit to investigate the interplay between preferential attachment and node fitness processes in a Facebook wall-post network. While we uncover evidence for both preferential attachment and node fitness, thus validating the hypothesis that these processes together drive complex network evolution, we also find that node fitness plays the bigger role in determining the degree of a node. This is the first validation of its kind on real-world network data. But surprisingly the rate of preferential attachment is found to deviate from the conventional log-linear form when node fitness is taken into account. The proposed method is implemented in the R package PAFit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Pham
- Division of Mathematical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Sheridan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimodaira
- Division of Mathematical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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244
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Relative Citation Ratio (RCR): A New Metric That Uses Citation Rates to Measure Influence at the Article Level. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002541. [PMID: 27599104 PMCID: PMC5012559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their recognized limitations, bibliometric assessments of scientific productivity have been widely adopted. We describe here an improved method to quantify the influence of a research article by making novel use of its co-citation network to field-normalize the number of citations it has received. Article citation rates are divided by an expected citation rate that is derived from performance of articles in the same field and benchmarked to a peer comparison group. The resulting Relative Citation Ratio is article level and field independent and provides an alternative to the invalid practice of using journal impact factors to identify influential papers. To illustrate one application of our method, we analyzed 88,835 articles published between 2003 and 2010 and found that the National Institutes of Health awardees who authored those papers occupy relatively stable positions of influence across all disciplines. We demonstrate that the values generated by this method strongly correlate with the opinions of subject matter experts in biomedical research and suggest that the same approach should be generally applicable to articles published in all areas of science. A beta version of iCite, our web tool for calculating Relative Citation Ratios of articles listed in PubMed, is available at https://icite.od.nih.gov.
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245
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Medo M, Cimini G. Model-based evaluation of scientific impact indicators. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:032312. [PMID: 27739778 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.032312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using bibliometric data artificially generated through a model of citation dynamics calibrated on empirical data, we compare several indicators for the scientific impact of individual researchers. The use of such a controlled setup has the advantage of avoiding the biases present in real databases, and it allows us to assess which aspects of the model dynamics and which traits of individual researchers a particular indicator actually reflects. We find that the simple average citation count of the authored papers performs well in capturing the intrinsic scientific ability of researchers, regardless of the length of their career. On the other hand, when productivity complements ability in the evaluation process, the notorious h and g indices reveal their potential, yet their normalized variants do not always yield a fair comparison between researchers at different career stages. Notably, the use of logarithmic units for citation counts allows us to build simple indicators with performance equal to that of h and g. Our analysis may provide useful hints for a proper use of bibliometric indicators. Additionally, our framework can be extended by including other aspects of the scientific production process and citation dynamics, with the potential to become a standard tool for the assessment of impact metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Medo
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Cimini
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, 55100 Lucca, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC)-CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
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246
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Mokryn O, Wagner A, Blattner M, Ruppin E, Shavitt Y. The Role of Temporal Trends in Growing Networks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156505. [PMID: 27486847 PMCID: PMC4972377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rich get richer principle, manifested by the Preferential attachment (PA) mechanism, is widely considered one of the major factors in the growth of real-world networks. PA stipulates that popular nodes are bound to be more attractive than less popular nodes; for example, highly cited papers are more likely to garner further citations. However, it overlooks the transient nature of popularity, which is often governed by trends. Here, we show that in a wide range of real-world networks the recent popularity of a node, i.e., the extent by which it accumulated links recently, significantly influences its attractiveness and ability to accumulate further links. We proceed to model this observation with a natural extension to PA, named Trending Preferential Attachment (TPA), in which edges become less influential as they age. TPA quantitatively parametrizes a fundamental network property, namely the network’s tendency to trends. Through TPA, we find that real-world networks tend to be moderately to highly trendy. Networks are characterized by different susceptibilities to trends, which determine their structure to a large extent. Trendy networks display complex structural traits, such as modular community structure and degree-assortativity, occurring regularly in real-world networks. In summary, this work addresses an inherent trait of complex networks, which greatly affects their growth and structure, and develops a unified model to address its interaction with preferential attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Mokryn
- Information and Knowledge Management Dept., University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Allon Wagner
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Web Science, University of Applied Sciences (FFHS), & Tamedia Digital Analytics, Tamedia Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Blattner
- Laboratory for Web Science, University of Applied Sciences (FFHS), & Tamedia Digital Analytics, Tamedia Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Shavitt
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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247
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248
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249
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Heinemann F, Huber T, Meisel C, Bundschus M, Leser U. Reflection of successful anticancer drug development processes in the literature. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1740-1744. [PMID: 27443674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer drugs is time-consuming and expensive. In particular, failures in late-stage clinical trials are a major cost driver for pharmaceutical companies. This puts a high demand on methods that provide insights into the success chances of new potential medicines. In this study, we systematically analyze publication patterns emerging along the drug discovery process of targeted cancer therapies, starting from basic research to drug approval - or failure. We find clear differences in the patterns of approved drugs compared with those that failed in Phase II/III. Feeding these features into a machine learning classifier allows us to predict the approval or failure of a targeted cancer drug significantly better than educated guessing. We believe that these findings could lead to novel measures for supporting decision making in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heinemann
- Roche Diagnostics, Scientific Information Services, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Huber
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wissensmanagement in der Bioinformatik, Rudower Chaussee 25, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bundschus
- Roche Diagnostics, Scientific Information Services, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Leser
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wissensmanagement in der Bioinformatik, Rudower Chaussee 25, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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250
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Höylä T, Bartneck C, Tiihonen T. The consequences of competition: simulating the effects of research grant allocation strategies. Scientometrics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-016-1940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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