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Miyagishima SY, Era A, Hasunuma T, Matsuda M, Hirooka S, Sumiya N, Kondo A, Fujiwara T. Day/Night Separation of Oxygenic Energy Metabolism and Nuclear DNA Replication in the Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. mBio 2019; 10:e00833-19. [PMID: 31266864 PMCID: PMC6606799 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00833-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from G1 to S phase and subsequent nuclear DNA replication in the cells of many species of eukaryotic algae occur predominantly during the evening and night in the absence of photosynthesis; however, little is known about how day/night changes in energy metabolism and cell cycle progression are coordinated and about the advantage conferred by the restriction of S phase to the night. Using a synchronous culture of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we found that the levels of photosynthetic and respiratory activities peak during the morning and then decrease toward the evening and night, whereas the pathways for anaerobic consumption of pyruvate, produced by glycolysis, are upregulated during the evening and night as reported recently in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Inhibition of photosynthesis by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) largely reduced respiratory activity and the amplitude of the day/night rhythm of respiration, suggesting that the respiratory rhythm depends largely on photosynthetic activity. Even when the timing of G1/S-phase transition was uncoupled from the day/night rhythm by depletion of retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein, the same patterns of photosynthesis and respiration were observed, suggesting that cell cycle progression and energy metabolism are regulated independently. Progression of the S phase under conditions of photosynthesis elevated the frequency of nuclear DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). These results suggest that the temporal separation of oxygenic energy metabolism, which causes oxidative stress, from nuclear DNA replication reduces the risk of DSB during cell proliferation in C. merolaeIMPORTANCE Eukaryotes acquired chloroplasts through an endosymbiotic event in which a cyanobacterium or a unicellular eukaryotic alga was integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell. Photosynthesis by chloroplasts enabled algae to expand their habitats and led to further evolution of land plants. However, photosynthesis causes greater oxidative stress than mitochondrion-based respiration. In seed plants, cell division is restricted to nonphotosynthetic meristematic tissues and populations of photosynthetic cells expand without cell division. Thus, seemingly, photosynthesis is spatially sequestrated from cell proliferation. In contrast, eukaryotic algae possess photosynthetic chloroplasts throughout their life cycle. Here we show that oxygenic energy conversion (daytime) and nuclear DNA replication (night time) are temporally sequestrated in C. merolae This sequestration enables "safe" proliferation of cells and allows coexistence of chloroplasts and the eukaryotic host cell, as shown in yeast, where mitochondrial respiration and nuclear DNA replication are temporally sequestrated to reduce the mutation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Era
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hirooka
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sumiya
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
- Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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202
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Verlande A, Masri S. Circadian Clocks and Cancer: Timekeeping Governs Cellular Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:445-458. [PMID: 31155396 PMCID: PMC6679985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological mechanism that dictates an array of rhythmic physiological processes. Virtually all cells contain a functional clock whose disruption results in altered timekeeping and detrimental systemic effects, including cancer. Recent advances have connected genetic disruption of the clock with multiple transcriptional and signaling networks controlling tumor initiation and progression. An additional feature of this circadian control relies on cellular metabolism, both within the tumor microenvironment and the organism systemically. A discussion of major advances related to cancer metabolism and the circadian clock will be outlined, including new efforts related to metabolic flux of transformed cells, metabolic heterogeneity of tumors, and the implications of circadian control of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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203
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DeVera C, Baba K, Tosini G. Retinal Circadian Clocks are Major Players in the Modulation of Retinal Functions and Photoreceptor Viability. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:233-240. [PMID: 31249484 PMCID: PMC6585523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control many biochemical and physiological functions within the body of an organism. These circadian rhythms are generated by a molecular clock that is located in almost every cell of the body. Accumulating data indicate that dysfunction of the circadian clock negatively affects the health status of the tissue in which the circadian clock has been disabled. The eye also contains a complex circadian system that regulates many important functions such as the processing of light information, the release of neurotransmitters, and phagocytic activity by the retinal pigment epithelium, to name just a few. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that dysfunction of the circadian clock within the retina has severe consequence for retinal function and photoreceptor viability. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a summary of current knowledge about the eye circadian system and what effects emerge with a disruption of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianluca Tosini
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Gianluca Tosini, PhD, Mailing address: 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310-1495; Tel: 404-756-5214, Fax: 404-752-1041,
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204
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Evolution Shapes the Gene Expression Response to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123040. [PMID: 31234431 PMCID: PMC6627103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in cell physiology and function. ROS represents a potential source of damage for many macromolecules including DNA. It is thought that daily changes in oxidative stress levels were an important early factor driving evolution of the circadian clock which enables organisms to predict changes in ROS levels before they actually occur and thereby optimally coordinate survival strategies. It is clear that ROS, at relatively low levels, can serve as an important signaling molecule and also serves as a key regulator of gene expression. Therefore, the mechanisms that have evolved to survive or harness these effects of ROS are ancient evolutionary adaptations that are tightly interconnected with most aspects of cellular physiology. Our understanding of these mechanisms has been mainly based on studies using a relatively small group of genetic models. However, we know comparatively little about how these mechanisms are conserved or have adapted during evolution under different environmental conditions. In this review, we describe recent work that has revealed significant species-specific differences in the gene expression response to ROS by exploring diverse organisms. This evidence supports the notion that during evolution, rather than being highly conserved, there is inherent plasticity in the molecular mechanisms responding to oxidative stress.
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205
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Pacelli C, Rotundo G, Lecce L, Menga M, Bidollari E, Scrima R, Cela O, Piccoli C, Cocco T, Vescovi AL, Mazzoccoli G, Rosati J, Capitanio N. Parkin Mutation Affects Clock Gene-Dependent Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112772. [PMID: 31195749 PMCID: PMC6600341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights a tight connection between circadian rhythms, molecular clockworks, and mitochondrial function. In particular, mitochondrial quality control and bioenergetics have been proven to undergo circadian oscillations driven by core clock genes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Almost half of the autosomal recessive forms of juvenile parkinsonism have been associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene coding for parkin, shown to be involved in mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate, in fibroblasts from genetic PD patients carrying parkin mutations, the interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and the cell autonomous circadian clock. Using two different in vitro synchronization protocols, we demonstrated that normal fibroblasts displayed rhythmic oscillations of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity. Conversely, in fibroblasts obtained from PD patients, a severe damping of the bioenergetic oscillatory patterns was observed. Analysis of the core clock genes showed deregulation of their expression patterns in PD fibroblasts, which was confirmed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived thereof. The results from this study support a reciprocal interplay between the clockwork machinery and mitochondrial energy metabolism, point to a parkin-dependent mechanism of regulation, and unveil a hitherto unappreciated level of complexity in the pathophysiology of PD and eventually other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Lucia Lecce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Eris Bidollari
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Bicocca University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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206
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Duglan D, Lamia KA. Clocking In, Working Out: Circadian Regulation of Exercise Physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:347-356. [PMID: 31054802 PMCID: PMC6545246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past century indicates that the daily timing of physical activity impacts on both immediate performance and long-term training efficacy. Recently, several molecular connections between circadian clocks and exercise physiology have been identified. Circadian clocks are protein-based oscillators that enable anticipation of daily environmental cycles. Cell-autonomous clocks are present in almost all cells of the body, and their timing is set by a variety of internal and external signals, including hormones and dietary intake. Improved understanding of the relationship between molecular clocks and exercise will benefit professional athletes and public health guidelines for the general population. We discuss here the role of circadian clocks in exercise, and explore time-of-day effects and the proposed molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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207
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Ringel AE, Tucker SA, Haigis MC. Chemical and Physiological Features of Mitochondrial Acylation. Mol Cell 2019; 72:610-624. [PMID: 30444998 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing appreciation of the diversity of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the mitochondria necessitates reevaluation of the roles these modifications play in both health and disease. Compared to the cytosol and nucleus, the mitochondrial proteome is highly acylated, and remodeling of the mitochondrial "acylome" is a key adaptive mechanism that regulates fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology. It is clear that we need to understand the underlying chemistry that regulates mitochondrial acylation, as well as how chemical properties of the acyl chain impact biological functions. Here, we dissect the sources of PTMs in the mitochondria, review major mitochondrial pathways that control levels of PTMs, and highlight how sirtuin enzymes respond to the bioenergetic state of the cell via NAD+ availability to regulate mitochondrial biology. By providing a framework connecting the chemistry of these modifications, their biochemical consequences, and the pathways that regulate the levels of acyl PTMs, we will gain a deeper understanding of the physiological significance of mitochondrial acylation and its role in mitochondrial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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208
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Kiley JP, Twery MJ, Gibbons GH. The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research-progress and promise. Sleep 2019; 42:5498425. [PMID: 31125417 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James P Kiley
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael J Twery
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gary H Gibbons
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
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209
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Dyar KA, Lutter D, Artati A, Ceglia NJ, Liu Y, Armenta D, Jastroch M, Schneider S, de Mateo S, Cervantes M, Abbondante S, Tognini P, Orozco-Solis R, Kinouchi K, Wang C, Swerdloff R, Nadeef S, Masri S, Magistretti P, Orlando V, Borrelli E, Uhlenhaut NH, Baldi P, Adamski J, Tschöp MH, Eckel-Mahan K, Sassone-Corsi P. Atlas of Circadian Metabolism Reveals System-wide Coordination and Communication between Clocks. Cell 2019; 174:1571-1585.e11. [PMID: 30193114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are often characterized by circadian misalignment in different tissues, yet how altered coordination and communication among tissue clocks relate to specific pathogenic mechanisms remains largely unknown. Applying an integrated systems biology approach, we performed 24-hr metabolomics profiling of eight mouse tissues simultaneously. We present a temporal and spatial atlas of circadian metabolism in the context of systemic energy balance and under chronic nutrient stress (high-fat diet [HFD]). Comparative analysis reveals how the repertoires of tissue metabolism are linked and gated to specific temporal windows and how this highly specialized communication and coherence among tissue clocks is rewired by nutrient challenge. Overall, we illustrate how dynamic metabolic relationships can be reconstructed across time and space and how integration of circadian metabolomics data from multiple tissues can improve our understanding of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Dyar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lutter
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Nicholas J Ceglia
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Danny Armenta
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schneider
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sara de Mateo
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marlene Cervantes
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Serena Abbondante
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paola Tognini
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Ronald Swerdloff
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Seba Nadeef
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selma Masri
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valerio Orlando
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emiliana Borrelli
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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210
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Del Olmo M, Kramer A, Herzel H. A Robust Model for Circadian Redox Oscillations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2368. [PMID: 31086108 PMCID: PMC6539027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that controls daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior. Although the timekeeping components differ among species, a common design principle is a transcription-translation negative feedback loop. However, it is becoming clear that other mechanisms can contribute to the generation of 24 h rhythms. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) exhibit 24 h rhythms in their redox state in all kingdoms of life. In mammalian adrenal gland, heart and brown adipose tissue, such rhythms are generated as a result of an inactivating hyperoxidation reaction that is reduced by coordinated import of sulfiredoxin (Srx) into the mitochondria. However, a quantitative description of the Prx/Srx oscillating system is still missing. We investigate the basic principles that generate mitochondrial Prx/Srx rhythms using computational modeling. We observe that the previously described delay in mitochondrial Srx import, in combination with an appropriate separation of fast and slow reactions, is sufficient to generate robust self-sustained relaxation-like oscillations. We find that our conceptual model can be regarded as a series of three consecutive phases and two temporal switches, highlighting the importance of delayed negative feedback and switches in the generation of oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Olmo
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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211
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Adamovich Y, Ladeuix B, Sobel J, Manella G, Neufeld-Cohen A, Assadi MH, Golik M, Kuperman Y, Tarasiuk A, Koeners MP, Asher G. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Rhythms Are Circadian Clock Controlled and Differentially Directed by Behavioral Signals. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1092-1103.e3. [PMID: 30773466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in animal physiology are driven by endogenous circadian clocks in part through rest-activity and feeding-fasting cycles. Here, we examined principles that govern daily respiration. We monitored oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release, as well as tissue oxygenation in freely moving animals to specifically dissect the role of circadian clocks and feeding time on daily respiration. We found that daily rhythms in oxygen and carbon dioxide are clock controlled and that time-restricted feeding restores their rhythmicity in clock-deficient mice. Remarkably, day-time feeding dissociated oxygen rhythms from carbon dioxide oscillations, whereby oxygen followed activity, and carbon dioxide was shifted and aligned with food intake. In addition, changes in carbon dioxide levels altered clock gene expression and phase shifted the clock. Collectively, our findings indicate that oxygen and carbon dioxide rhythms are clock controlled and feeding regulated and support a potential role for carbon dioxide in phase resetting peripheral clocks upon feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaarit Adamovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Ladeuix
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sobel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Neufeld-Cohen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mohammad H Assadi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Golik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ariel Tarasiuk
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maarten P Koeners
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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212
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Mauvoisin D. Circadian rhythms and proteomics: It's all about posttranslational modifications! WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1450. [PMID: 31034157 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular endogenous timekeeping system and allows organisms to adjust their physiology and behavior to the geophysical time. Organized hierarchically, the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, coordinates peripheral clocks, via direct, or indirect signals. In peripheral organs, such as the liver, the circadian clock coordinates gene expression, notably metabolic gene expression, from transcriptional to posttranslational level. The metabolism in return feeds back on the molecular circadian clock via posttranslational-based mechanisms. During the last two decades, circadian gene expression studies have mostly been relying primarily on genomics or transcriptomics approaches and transcriptome analyses of multiple organs/tissues have revealed that the majority of protein-coding genes display circadian rhythms in a tissue specific manner. More recently, new advances in mass spectrometry offered circadian proteomics new perspectives, that is, the possibilities of performing large scale proteomic studies at cellular and subcellular levels, but also at the posttranslational modification level. With important implications in metabolic health, cell signaling has been shown to be highly relevant to circadian rhythms. Moreover, comprehensive characterization studies of posttranslational modifications are emerging and as a result, cell signaling processes are expected to be more deeply characterized and understood in the coming years with the use of proteomics. This review summarizes the work studying diurnally rhythmic or circadian gene expression performed at the protein level. Based on the knowledge brought by circadian proteomics studies, this review will also discuss the role of posttranslational modification events as an important link between the molecular circadian clock and metabolic regulation. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mauvoisin
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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213
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Geiger SS, Curtis AM, O'Neill LAJ, Siegel RM. Daily variation in macrophage phagocytosis is clock-independent and dispensable for cytokine production. Immunology 2019; 157:122-136. [PMID: 30773630 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses vary in a circadian manner, and more recent investigations aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytokine production varies significantly over the course of a day depending on the time of stimulation by pathogens or Toll-like receptor ligands, and multiple signaling pathways linked to the cell-autonomous circadian clock modulate innate immunity. Recognition of foreign material, especially by innate immune cells, engages a myriad of receptors, which trigger inflammatory responses, as well as endocytosis and degradation and/or processing for antigen presentation. Because of the close connection between particle engulfment and inflammation, it has been proposed that phagocytic uptake may drive cytokine production in phagocytes. Here we show that bacterial particle ingestion by mouse peritoneal macrophages displays temporal variation, but is independent of the cell-intrinsic circadian clock in an ex vivo setting. Although cytokine production is dependent on phagocytosis, uptake capacity across 12 hr does not translate into 24-hr rhythms in cytokine production. In vivo, time-of-day variations in phagocytic capacity are not found, whereas a time of day and clock-dependent cytokine response is maintained. These data show that efficiency of bacterial phagocytosis and the 24-hr rhythmicity of cytokine production by macrophages are independent of one another and should be studied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Immune Clock Laboratory, Tissue and Engineering Regenerative Group and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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214
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Zhang S, Bories G, Lantz C, Emmons R, Becker A, Liu E, Abecassis MM, Yvan-Charvet L, Thorp EB. Immunometabolism of Phagocytes and Relationships to Cardiac Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:42. [PMID: 31032261 PMCID: PMC6470271 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the case of acute myocardial infarction, subsequent cardiac repair relies upon the acute, and coordinated response to injury by innate myeloid phagocytes. This includes neutrophils, monocytes, macrophage subsets, and immature dendritic cells. Phagocytes function to remove necrotic cardiomyocytes, apoptotic inflammatory cells, and to remodel extracellular matrix. These innate immune cells also secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote tissue replacement through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Within the injured myocardium, macrophages polarize from pro-inflammatory to inflammation-resolving phenotypes. At the core of this functional plasticity is cellular metabolism, which has gained an appreciation for its integration with phagocyte function and remodeling of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape. Immunometabolic rewiring is particularly relevant after ischemia and clinical reperfusion given the rapidly changing oxygen and metabolic milieu. Hypoxia reduces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and leads to increased reliance on glycolysis, which can support biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reoxygenation is permissive for shifts back to mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid oxidation and this is ultimately linked to pro-reparative macrophage polarization. Improved understanding of mechanisms that regulate metabolic adaptations holds the potential to identify new metabolite targets and strategies to reduce cardiac damage through nutrient signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gael Bories
- UMR INSERM U1065/UNS, C3M, Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED, Nice, France
| | - Connor Lantz
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Russel Emmons
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Becker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Esther Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael M Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Edward B Thorp
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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215
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Gachon F. [Circadian proteomics]. Biol Aujourdhui 2019; 212:55-59. [PMID: 30973132 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2018025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent development in the proteomic technologies offers new perspectives in circadian biology and in particular the possibility to study post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation. Applying in vivo proteomics on whole liver or on nuclear extracts, we were able to characterize the rhythmic liver proteome with unprecedented coverage. It allows the characterization of new rhythmic processes such as protein secretion, ribosome biogenesis, DNA repair, and polyploidy. In addition, the analysis of rhythmic post-translational modifications helps to understand the signal pathways involved and their consequences on hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gachon
- Institut de Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse - Département de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Suisse
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216
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Chang JYA, Shi L, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Circadian Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Retinal Photoreceptors. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 33:151-165. [PMID: 29671706 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418762152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy expenditure and metabolism in the vertebrate retina are under circadian control, as we previously reported that the overall retinal ATP content and various signaling molecules related to metabolism display daily or circadian rhythms. Changes in the fission and fusion process of mitochondria, the major organelles producing ATP, in retinal photoreceptors are largely dependent on light exposure, but whether mitochondrial dynamics in photoreceptors and retinal neurons are under circadian control is not clear. Herein, we investigated the possible roles of circadian oscillators in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and redox states in the chicken retina and mammalian photoreceptors. After entrainment to 12:12-h light-dark (LD) cycles for several days followed by free-running in constant darkness (DD), chicken embryonic retinas and cone-derived 661W cells were collected in either LD or DD at 6 different zeitgeber time (ZT) or circadian time (CT) points. The protein expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) displayed daily rhythms, but only DRP1 was under circadian control in the chicken retinas and cultured 661W cells. In addition, cultured chicken retinal cells responded to acute oxidative stress differently from 661W cells. Using pMitoTimer as a mitochondrial redox indicator, we found that the mitochondrial redox states were more affected by light exposure than regulated by circadian oscillators. Thus, this study demonstrates that the influence of cyclic lights might outweigh the circadian regulation of complex mitochondrial dynamics in light-sensing retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ya-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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217
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Cai T, Hua B, Luo D, Xu L, Cheng Q, Yuan G, Yan Z, Sun N, Hua L, Lu C. The circadian protein CLOCK regulates cell metabolism via the mitochondrial carrier SLC25A10. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1310-1321. [PMID: 30943427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physiological function and metabolic regulation are the most important outputs of circadian clock controls in mammals. Mitochondrial respiration and ROS production show rhythmic activity. Mitochondrial carriers, which are responsible for mitochondrial substance transfer, are vital for mitochondrial metabolism. Clock (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) is the first core circadian gene identified in mammalian animals. However, whether CLOCK protein can regulate mitochondrial functions via mitochondrial carriers is unclear. Here, we showed that CLOCK can bind to the mitochondrial carrier SLC25A10. For further analysis, we established a Slc25a10-/--Hepa1-6 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. Slc25a10-/--Hepa1-6 cells showed disordered glucose homeostasis, increased oxidative stress levels, and damaged electron transport chains. Next, using an immunoprecipitation assay, we found that amino acids 43-84 and 169-210 in SLC25A10 are key sites that respond to CLOCK binding. Finally, forced expression of wild-type SLC25A10 in Slc25a10-/--Hepa1-6 cells could compensate for the loss of SLC25A10; the decreased glucose metabolism, severe oxidative stress and damaged electron transport chain were recovered. In addition, a mutant Slc25a10 with changes in two key sites did not show a rescue effect. In conclusion, we identified a new protein-protein interaction mechanism in which CLOCK can directly regulate cell metabolism via the mitochondrial membrane transporter SLC25A10. Our study might provide some new insights into the relationship between circadian clock and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingxuan Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luchun Hua
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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218
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NPR1 and Redox Rhythmx: Connections, between Circadian Clock and Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051211. [PMID: 30857376 PMCID: PMC6429127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in plants synchronizes biological processes that display cyclic 24-h oscillation based on metabolic and physiological reactions. This clock is a precise timekeeping system, that helps anticipate diurnal changes; e.g., expression levels of clock-related genes move in synchrony with changes in pathogen infection and help prepare appropriate defense responses in advance. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone and immune signal involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-mediated defense responses. SA signaling induces cellular redox changes, and degradation and rhythmic nuclear translocation of the non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) protein. Recent studies demonstrate the ability of the circadian clock to predict various potential attackers, and of redox signaling to determine appropriate defense against pathogen infection. Interaction of the circadian clock with redox rhythm promotes the balance between immunity and growth. We review here a variety of recent evidence for the intricate relationship between circadian clock and plant immune response, with a focus on the roles of redox rhythm and NPR1 in the circadian clock and plant immunity.
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219
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Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial NADPH-Coupled Redox Systems in the Regulation of Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030504. [PMID: 30818813 PMCID: PMC6471790 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) protects against redox stress by providing reducing equivalents to antioxidants such as glutathione and thioredoxin. NADPH levels decline with aging in several tissues, but whether this is a major driving force for the aging process has not been well established. Global or neural overexpression of several cytoplasmic enzymes that synthesize NADPH have been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms such as Drosophila suggesting a positive relationship between cytoplasmic NADPH levels and longevity. Mitochondrial NADPH plays an important role in the protection against redox stress and cell death and mitochondrial NADPH-utilizing thioredoxin reductase 2 levels correlate with species longevity in cells from rodents and primates. Mitochondrial NADPH shuttles allow for some NADPH flux between the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Since a decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is linked with aging and because NADP+ is exclusively synthesized from NAD+ by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD+ kinases, a decline in the cytoplasmic or mitochondrial NADPH pool may also contribute to the aging process. Therefore pro-longevity therapies should aim to maintain the levels of both NAD+ and NADPH in aging tissues.
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220
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Fogle KJ, Mobini CL, Paseos AS, Palladino MJ. Sleep and circadian defects in a Drosophila model of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 6:44-52. [PMID: 30868108 PMCID: PMC6411073 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (ME) are complex, incurable diseases characterized by severe bioenergetic distress that can affect the function of all major organ systems but is especially taxing to neuromuscular tissues. Animal models of MEs are rare, but the Drosophila ATP61 mutant is a stable, well-characterized genetic line that accurately models progressive human mitochondrial diseases such as Maternally-Inherited Leigh Syndrome (MILS), Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP), and Familial Bilateral Striatal Necrosis (FBSN). While it is established that this model exhibits important hallmarks of ME, including excess cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, shortened lifespan, muscle degeneration, and stress-induced seizures, it is unknown whether it exhibits defects in sleep or circadian function. This is a clinically relevant question, as many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by such disturbances, which can exacerbate other symptoms and worsen quality of life. Since Drosophila is highly amenable to sleep and circadian studies, we asked whether we could detect disease phenotypes in the circadian behaviors of ATP61. Indeed, we found that day-time and night-time activity and sleep are altered through disease progression, and that circadian patterns are disrupted at both the behavioral and neuronal levels. These results establish ATP61 as an important model of sleep and circadian disruption in ME that can be studied mechanistically at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral level to uncover underlying pathophysiology and test novel therapies. A Drosophila model of mitochondrial disease (ATP61) displays altered sleep patterns. ATP61 sleep quantity and consolidation are reduced in advanced disease. ATP61 is behaviorally arrhythmic under conditions of constant darkness. Selected neurons of the circadian circuit display altered daily firing rates in ATP61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri J. Fogle
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherina L. Mobini
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abygail S. Paseos
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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221
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Depression caused by long-term stress regulates premature aging and is possibly associated with disruption of circadian rhythms in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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222
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Abstract
Significance: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a frequent complication occurring even in well-controlled asymptomatic diabetic patients, and it may advance to heart failure (HF). Recent Advances: The diabetic heart is characterized by a state of "metabolic rigidity" involving enhanced rates of fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial oxidation as the predominant energy source, and it exhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain defects. These alterations promote redox state changes evidenced by a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio associated with an increase in acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. NAD+ is a co-substrate for deacetylases, sirtuins, and a critical molecule in metabolism and redox signaling; whereas acetyl-CoA promotes protein lysine acetylation, affecting mitochondrial integrity and causing epigenetic changes. Critical Issues: DCM lacks specific therapies with treatment only in later disease stages using standard, palliative HF interventions. Traditional therapy targeting neurohormonal signaling and hemodynamics failed to improve mortality rates. Though mitochondrial redox state changes occur in the heart with obesity and diabetes, how the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH redox couple connects the remodeled energy metabolism with mitochondrial and cytosolic antioxidant defense and nuclear epigenetic changes remains to be determined. Mitochondrial therapies targeting the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH redox ratio may alleviate cardiac dysfunction. Future Directions: Specific therapies must be supported by an optimal understanding of changes in mitochondrial redox state and how it influences other cellular compartments; this field has begun to surface as a therapeutic target for the diabetic heart. We propose an approach based on an alternate mitochondrial electron transport that normalizes the mitochondrial redox state and improves cardiac function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Berthiaume
- 1 Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacob G Kurdys
- 2 Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Danina M Muntean
- 3 Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- 2 Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant, Michigan
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223
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Causton HC. Metabolic rhythms: A framework for coordinating cellular function. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:1-12. [PMID: 30548718 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are widespread among eukaryotes and generally involve feedback loops coupled with metabolic processes and redox balance. The organising power of these oscillations has not only allowed organisms to anticipate day-night cycles, but also acts to temporally compartmentalise otherwise incompatible processes, enhance metabolic efficiency, make the system more robust to noise and propagate signals among cells. While daily rhythms and the function of the circadian transcription-translation loop have been the subject of extensive research over the past four decades, cycles of shorter period and respiratory oscillations, with which they are intertwined, have received less attention. Here, we describe features of yeast respiratory oscillations, which share many features with daily and 12 hr cellular oscillations in animal cells. This relatively simple system enables the analysis of dynamic rhythmic changes in metabolism, independent of cellular oscillations that are a product of the circadian transcription-translation feedback loop. Knowledge gained from studying ultradian oscillations in yeast will lead to a better understanding of the basic mechanistic principles and evolutionary origins of oscillatory behaviour among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Causton
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
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224
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Makwana K, Gosai N, Poe A, Kondratov RV. Calorie restriction reprograms diurnal rhythms in protein translation to regulate metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 33:4473-4489. [PMID: 30566374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) delays aging and affects the circadian clocks by reprogramming circadian rhythms in gene expression. To expand on the circadian mechanisms in CR, we assayed rhythms in the protein translation by analyzing polysome-associated mRNAs in the liver of mice fed ad libitum (AL) and CR diets. Global comparison of the diets revealed that <1% of transcripts were differentially abundant in the polysomes. In contrast, the large differential, up to 10%, was detected when CR and AL diets were compared at individual times throughout the day. Most transcripts that were rhythmic under AL lost their rhythms, and many new transcripts gained rhythms under CR. Only a small fraction of transcripts, including the circadian clock genes, were rhythmic under both diets. Thus, CR strongly reprograms translation. CR affected translation of enzymes regulating long-chain acetyl-coenzyme A (Acyl-CoA) metabolism. The expression of the Acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family was induced upon CR, leading to the increased transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, the transcriptional factor regulated by the ACOT products. We propose that the differential translation induced by CR leads to a temporal partition and reprogramming of metabolic processes and provides a link between CR, lipid metabolism, and the circadian clock.-Makwana, K., Gosai, N., Poe, A., Kondratov, R. V. Calorie restriction reprograms diurnal rhythms in protein translation to regulate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Makwana
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Gosai
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allan Poe
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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225
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Qi G, Wu W, Mi Y, Shi R, Sun K, Li R, Liu X, Liu X. Tea polyphenols direct Bmal1-driven ameliorating of the redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:181-193. [PMID: 30316844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intimately linked to cellular redox status homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Tea polyphenols (TP) are nutraceuticals that possess powerful antioxidant properties, especially ameliorating oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circadian clock is involved in the protection effect of TP on oxidative stress cell models. TP ameliorate H2O2-triggered relatively shallow daily oscillations and phase shift of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression. Meanwhile, TP attenuate H2O2-stimulated excessive secretions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore the depletions of mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Furthermore, TP treatment accelerates nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and modulates the downstream expressions of antioxidant enzymes. Intriguingly, knockdown of Bmal1 notably blocked Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 redox-sensitive transcription pathway. Our study revealed that TP, as a Bmal1-enhancing natural compound, alleviated redox imbalance via strengthening Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in a Bmal1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Keyu Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:1-17. [PMID: 29883761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
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227
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Wong DCS, O’Neill JS. Non-transcriptional processes in circadian rhythm generation. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:117-132. [PMID: 30596188 PMCID: PMC6302373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
'Biological clocks' orchestrate mammalian biology to a daily rhythm. Whilst 'clock gene' transcriptional circuits impart rhythmic regulation to myriad cellular systems, our picture of the biochemical mechanisms that determine their circadian (∼24 hour) period is incomplete. Here we consider the evidence supporting different models for circadian rhythm generation in mammalian cells in light of evolutionary factors. We find it plausible that the circadian timekeeping mechanism in mammalian cells is primarily protein-based, signalling biological timing information to the nucleus by the post-translational regulation of transcription factor activity, with transcriptional feedback imparting robustness to the oscillation via hysteresis. We conclude by suggesting experiments that might distinguish this model from competing paradigms.
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228
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Ezagouri S, Asher G. Circadian control of mitochondrial dynamics and functions. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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229
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Song Y, Li S, Geng W, Luo R, Liu W, Tu J, Wang K, Kang L, Yin H, Wu X, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yang C. Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis protects against AGEs-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Redox Biol 2018; 19:339-353. [PMID: 30216853 PMCID: PMC6139007 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration contributes largely to pathoanatomical and degenerative changes of spinal structure that increase the risk of low back pain. Apoptosis in nucleus pulposus (NP) can aggravate IVD degeneration, and increasing studies have shown that interventions targeting NP cell apoptosis can ameliorate IVD degeneration, exhibiting their potential for use as therapeutic strategies. Recent data have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in NP tissues in parallel with the progression of IVD degeneration and form a microenvironment of oxidative stress. This study examined whether AGEs accumulation aggravates NP cell apoptosis and IVD degeneration, and explored the mechanisms underlying these effects. We observed that the viability and proliferation of human NP cells were significantly suppressed by AGEs treatment, mainly due to apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was detected after AGEs treatment. In addition, the molecular data showed that AGEs could significantly aggravate the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and prolonged activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, as well as the increased level of Bax protein and decreased level of Bcl-2 protein in mitochondria. These effects could be reduced by antioxidant (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) and Visomitin (SKQ1). Importantly, we identified that impairment of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) function and the mitochondrial antioxidant network were vital mechanisms in AGEs-induced oxidative stress and secondary human NP cell apoptosis. Finally, based on findings that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could restore SIRT3 function and rescue human NP cell apoptosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (AMPK-PGC-1α) pathway in vitro, we confirmed its protective effect on AGEs-induced IVD degeneration in vivo. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SIRT3 protects against AGEs-induced human NP cell apoptosis and IVD degeneration. Targeting SIRT3 to improve mitochondrial redox homeostasis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating AGEs-associated IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huipeng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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230
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Freyberg Z, Logan RW. The Intertwined Roles of Circadian Rhythms and Neuronal Metabolism Fueling Drug Reward and Addiction. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:80-89. [PMID: 30631826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a highly prevalent and devastating disorder with few effective treatments, resulting in enormous burdens on family and society. The cellular and behavioral effects of drugs of abuse are related to their abilities to elevate synaptic dopamine levels. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens play crucial roles in substance-induced neural and behavioral plasticity. Significantly, increasing work suggests that interplay between the brain circadian system and the cellular bioenergetic machinery in these dopamine neurons plays a critical role in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. Here, we describe recent progress in elucidating the interconnections between circadian and metabolic systems at the molecular and cellular levels and their relationships to modulation of drug reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15213
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
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231
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Caratti G, Iqbal M, Hunter L, Kim D, Wang P, Vonslow RM, Begley N, Tetley AJ, Woodburn JL, Pariollaud M, Maidstone R, Donaldson IJ, Zhang Z, Ince LM, Kitchen G, Baxter M, Poolman TM, Daniels DA, Stirling DR, Brocker C, Gonzalez F, Loudon AS, Bechtold DA, Rattray M, Matthews LC, Ray DW. REVERBa couples the circadian clock to hepatic glucocorticoid action. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4454-4471. [PMID: 30179226 PMCID: PMC6160001 DOI: 10.1172/jci96138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major drug target in inflammatory disease. However, chronic glucocorticoid (GC) treatment leads to disordered energy metabolism, including increased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatosteatosis — all programs modulated by the circadian clock. We demonstrated that while antiinflammatory GC actions were maintained irrespective of dosing time, the liver was significantly more GC sensitive during the day. Temporal segregation of GC action was underpinned by a physical interaction of GR with the circadian transcription factor REVERBa and co-binding with liver-specific hepatocyte nuclear transcription factors (HNFs) on chromatin. REVERBa promoted efficient GR recruitment to chromatin during the day, acting in part by maintaining histone acetylation, with REVERBa-dependent GC responses providing segregation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Importantly, deletion of Reverba inverted circadian liver GC sensitivity and protected mice from hepatosteatosis induced by chronic GC administration. Our results reveal a mechanism by which the circadian clock acts through REVERBa in liver on elements bound by HNF4A/HNF6 to direct GR action on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Caratti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Hunter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M Vonslow
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail J Tetley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Woodburn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Pariollaud
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Maidstone
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Donaldson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Ince
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Kitchen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Toryn M Poolman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dion A Daniels
- Biopharmaceutical Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David R Stirling
- Biopharmaceutical Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Si Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C Matthews
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, and Specialist Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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232
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Bailey SM. Emerging role of circadian clock disruption in alcohol-induced liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G364-G373. [PMID: 29848023 PMCID: PMC6732736 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00010.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental health effects of excessive alcohol consumption are well documented. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of death from chronic alcohol use. As with many diseases, the etiology of ALD is influenced by how the liver responds to other secondary insults. The molecular circadian clock is an intrinsic cellular timing system that helps organisms adapt and synchronize metabolism to changes in their environment. The clock also influences how tissues respond to toxic, environmental, and metabolic stressors, like alcohol. Consistent with the essential role for clocks in maintaining health, genetic and environmental disruption of the circadian clock contributes to disease. While a large amount of rich literature is available showing that alcohol disrupts circadian-driven behaviors and that circadian clock disruption increases alcohol drinking and preference, very little is known about the role circadian clocks play in alcohol-induced tissue injuries. In this review, recent studies examining the effect alcohol has on the circadian clock in peripheral tissues (liver and intestine) and the impact circadian clock disruption has on development of ALD are presented. This review also highlights some of the rhythmic metabolic processes in the liver that are disrupted by alcohol and potential mechanisms through which alcohol disrupts the liver clock. Improved understanding of the mechanistic links between the circadian clock and alcohol will hopefully lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating ALD and other alcohol-related organ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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233
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Zhu Y, Dean AE, Horikoshi N, Heer C, Spitz DR, Gius D. Emerging evidence for targeting mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in cancer therapy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3682-3691. [PMID: 30168803 DOI: 10.1172/jci120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells use a complex network of redox-dependent processes necessary to maintain cellular integrity during oxidative metabolism, as well as to protect against and/or adapt to stress. The disruption of these redox-dependent processes, including those in the mitochondria, creates a cellular environment permissive for progression to a malignant phenotype and the development of resistance to commonly used anticancer agents. An extension of this paradigm is that when these mitochondrial functions are altered by the events leading to transformation and ensuing downstream metabolic processes, they can be used as molecular biomarkers or targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions to selectively kill and/or sensitize cancer versus normal cells. In this Review we propose that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is altered in tumor cells, and the central theme of this dysregulation is electron transport chain activity, folate metabolism, NADH/NADPH metabolism, thiol-mediated detoxification pathways, and redox-active metal ion metabolism. It is proposed that specific subgroups of human malignancies display distinct mitochondrial transformative and/or tumor signatures that may benefit from agents that target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Collin Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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234
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López-Lluch G, Hernández-Camacho JD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Navas P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolism and ageing: shared mechanisms and outcomes? Biogerontology 2018; 19:461-480. [PMID: 30143941 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key in the metabolism of aerobic organisms and in ageing progression and age-related diseases. Mitochondria are essential for obtaining ATP from glucose and fatty acids but also in many other essential functions in cells including aminoacids metabolism, pyridine synthesis, phospholipid modifications and calcium regulation. On the other hand, the activity of mitochondria is also the principal source of reactive oxygen species in cells. Ageing and chronic age-related diseases are associated with the deregulation of cell metabolism and dysfunction of mitochondria. Cell metabolism is controlled by three major nutritional sensors: mTOR, AMPK and Sirtuins. These factors control mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by regulating fusion, fission and turnover through mito- and autophagy. A complex interaction between the activity of these nutritional sensors, mitochondrial biogenesis rate and dynamics exists and affect ageing, age-related diseases including metabolic disease. Further, mitochondria maintain a constant communication with nucleus modulating gene expression and modifying epigenetics. In this review we highlight the importance of mitochondria in ageing and the repercussion in the progression of age-related diseases and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J Moreno Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
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235
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Röszer T. Understanding the Biology of Self-Renewing Macrophages. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080103. [PMID: 30096862 PMCID: PMC6115929 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages reside in specific territories in organs, where they contribute to the development, homeostasis, and repair of tissues. Recent work has shown that the size of tissue macrophage populations has an impact on tissue functions and is determined by the balance between replenishment and elimination. Macrophage replenishment is mainly due to self-renewal of macrophages, with a secondary contribution from blood monocytes. Self-renewal is a recently discovered trait of macrophages, which can have a major impact on their physiological functions and hence on the wellbeing of the organism. In this review, I discuss our current understanding of the developmental origin of self-renewing macrophages and the mechanisms used to maintain a physiologically stable macrophage pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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236
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Maas AE, Blanco-Bercial L, Lo A, Tarrant AM, Timmins-Schiffman E. Variations in Copepod Proteome and Respiration Rate in Association with Diel Vertical Migration and Circadian Cycle. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 235:30-42. [PMID: 30160998 DOI: 10.1086/699219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The diel vertical migration of zooplankton is a process during which individuals spend the night in surface waters and retreat to depth during the daytime, with substantial implications for carbon transport and the ecology of midwater ecosystems. The physiological consequences of this daily pattern have, however, been poorly studied beyond investigations of speed and the energetic cost of swimming. Many other processes are likely influenced, such as fuel use, energetic trade-offs, underlying diel (circadian) rhythms, and antioxidant responses. Using a new reference transcriptome, proteomic analyses were applied to compare the physiological state of a migratory copepod, Pleuromamma xiphias, immediately after arriving to the surface at night and six hours later. Oxygen consumption was monitored semi-continuously to explore underlying cyclical patterns in metabolic rate under dark-dark conditions. The proteomic analysis suggests a distinct shift in physiology that reflects migratory exertion and changes in metabolism. These proteomic analyses are supported by the respiration experiments, which show an underlying cycle in metabolic rate, with a peak at dawn. This project generates molecular tools (transcriptome and proteome) that will allow for more detailed understanding of the underlying physiological processes that influence and are influenced by diel vertical migration. Further, these studies suggest that P. xiphias is a tractable model for continuing investigations of circadian and diel vertical migration influences on plankton physiology. Previous studies did not account for this cyclic pattern of respiration and may therefore have unrepresented respiratory carbon fluxes from copepods by about 24%.
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Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- ANOSIM, analysis of similarity
- BATS, Bermuda Atlantic Time Series
- BUSCO, Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs
- DM, dry mass
- DVM, diel vertical migration
- FFT-NLLS, fast Fourier transform non-linear least squares
- GO, gene ontology
- MESA, maximum entropy spectral analysis
- NAD+, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NMDS, non-metric multidimensional scaling
- NSAF, normalized spectral abundance factor
- RT, room temperature
- TTP, Trans Proteomic Pipeline
- nr, non-redundant database
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237
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Abstract
This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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238
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Wefers J, van Moorsel D, Hansen J, Connell NJ, Havekes B, Hoeks J, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Duez H, Phielix E, Kalsbeek A, Boekschoten MV, Hooiveld GJ, Hesselink MKC, Kersten S, Staels B, Scheer FAJL, Schrauwen P. Circadian misalignment induces fatty acid metabolism gene profiles and compromises insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7789-7794. [PMID: 29987027 PMCID: PMC6065021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722295115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian misalignment, such as in shift work, has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, direct effects of circadian misalignment on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and the muscle molecular circadian clock have never been studied in humans. Here, we investigated insulin sensitivity and muscle metabolism in 14 healthy young lean men [age 22.4 ± 2.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 22.3 ± 2.1 kg/m2 (mean ± SD)] after a 3-d control protocol and a 3.5-d misalignment protocol induced by a 12-h rapid shift of the behavioral cycle. We show that short-term circadian misalignment results in a significant decrease in muscle insulin sensitivity due to a reduced skeletal muscle nonoxidative glucose disposal (rate of disappearance: 23.7 ± 2.4 vs. 18.4 ± 1.4 mg/kg per minute; control vs. misalignment; P = 0.024). Fasting glucose and free fatty acid levels as well as sleeping metabolic rate were higher during circadian misalignment. Molecular analysis of skeletal muscle biopsies revealed that the molecular circadian clock was not aligned to the inverted behavioral cycle, and transcriptome analysis revealed the human PPAR pathway as a key player in the disturbed energy metabolism upon circadian misalignment. Our findings may provide a mechanism underlying the increased risk of type 2 diabetes among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wefers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk van Moorsel
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hansen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hélène Duez
- Université de Lille-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR 1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR 1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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239
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Circadian dysrhythmia-linked diabetes mellitus: Examining melatonin’s roles in prophylaxis and management. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:99-114. [PMID: 30079146 PMCID: PMC6068738 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i7.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, life-threatening metabolic disorder that occurs worldwide. Despite an increase in the knowledge of the risk factors that are associated with diabetes mellitus, its worldwide prevalence has continued to rise; thus, necessitating more research into its aetiology. Recent researches are beginning to link a dysregulation of the circadian rhythm to impairment of intermediary metabolism; with evidences that circadian rhythm dysfunction might play an important role in the aetiology, course or prognosis of some cases of diabetes mellitus. These evidences thereby suggest possible relationships between the circadian rhythm regulator melatonin, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we discuss the roles of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and other macronutrients; with emphasis on the importance of melatonin and the impacts of its deficiency on carbohydrate homeostasis. Also, the possibility of using melatonin and its analogs for the “prophylaxis” or management of diabetes mellitus is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho 210211, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo 230263, Osun State, Nigeria
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240
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Postischemic application of estrogen ameliorates myocardial damage in an in vivo mouse model. J Surg Res 2018; 231:366-372. [PMID: 30278955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioprotection provided by estrogen has been recognized for many years. It is noteworthy that most of these studies employ a means of preinjury application in experimental research and the preventive usage in clinical studies. Compared to pretreatment, postischemic administration of estrogen will be more practical in treating myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, defect in circadian clock gene period2 (Per2) has been shown to aggravate ischemia-induced heart damage. Given that Per2 expression decreases as a consequence of menopause, in this study, we aim to determine (1) potential improvement of myocardial function by postischemic administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) using an in vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and (2) the role of E2 in regulating myocardial Per2 expression following I/R. METHODS Thirty-minute occlusion of left anterior descending artery followed by 24-h reperfusion was performed on adult C57BL ovariectomized female mice. Groups (n = 3-6/group) were as follows: (1) Sham, (2) I/R + vehicle, and (3) I/R + E2. Vehicle or 0.5 mg/kg of E2 was subcutaneously injected right after 30-min ischemia. Following 24-h reperfusion, myocardial function was determined. Heart tissue was collected for analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and Per2 expression by Western blotting, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS I/R significantly impaired left ventricular function and increased myocardial levels of active caspase-3, IL-1β, and IL-6. Importantly, postischemic treatment of E2 markedly restored I/R-depressed myocardial function, reduced caspase-3 activation, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Intriguingly, a trend of the decreased Per2 level was observed in ovariectomized female hearts subjected to I/R, whereas E2 treatment upregulated myocardial Per2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the initial evidence that postischemic administration of E2 effectively preserves the myocardium against I/R injury and this protective effect of E2 may involve upregulation of Per2 in ischemic heart.
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241
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Reichenbach A, Stark R, Mequinion M, Lockie SH, Lemus MB, Mynatt RL, Luquet S, Andrews ZB. Carnitine acetyltransferase (Crat) in hunger-sensing AgRP neurons permits adaptation to calorie restriction. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800634R. [PMID: 29932868 PMCID: PMC6219829 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800634r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hunger-sensing agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons ensure survival by adapting metabolism and behavior to low caloric environments. This adaption is accomplished by consolidating food intake, suppressing energy expenditure, and maximizing fat storage (nutrient partitioning) for energy preservation. The intracellular mechanisms responsible are unknown. Here we report that AgRP carnitine acetyltransferase (Crat) knockout (KO) mice exhibited increased fatty acid utilization and greater fat loss after 9 d of calorie restriction (CR). No differences were seen in mice with ad libitum food intake. Eleven days ad libitum feeding after CR resulted in greater food intake, rebound weight gain, and adiposity in AgRP Crat KO mice compared with wild-type controls, as KO mice act to restore pre-CR fat mass. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of Crat in AgRP neurons to regulate nutrient partitioning and fat mass during chronically reduced caloric intake. The increased food intake, body weight gain, and adiposity in KO mice after CR also highlights the detrimental and persistent metabolic consequence of impaired substrate utilization associated with CR. This finding may have significant implications for postdieting weight management in patients with metabolic diseases.-Reichenbach, A., Stark, R., Mequinion, M., Lockie, S. H., Lemus, M. B., Mynatt, R. L., Luquet, S., Andrews, Z. B. Carnitine acetyltransferase (Crat) in hunger-sensing AgRP neurons permits adaptation to calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Reichenbach
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathieu Mequinion
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah H. Lockie
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moyra B. Lemus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Randall L. Mynatt
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Transgenic Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionelle et Adaptative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Paris, France
| | - Zane B. Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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242
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Pehar M, Harlan BA, Killoy KM, Vargas MR. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism and Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1652-1668. [PMID: 28548540 PMCID: PMC5962335 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) participates in redox reactions and NAD+-dependent signaling processes, which involve the cleavage of NAD+ coupled to posttranslational modifications of proteins or the production of second messengers. Either as a primary cause or as a secondary component of the pathogenic process, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are prominent features of several neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of NAD+-dependent signaling pathways has a major effect in the capacity of the cell to modulate mitochondrial function and counteract the deleterious effects of increased oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Progress in the understanding of the biological functions and compartmentalization of NAD+-synthesizing and NAD+-consuming enzymes have led to the emergence of NAD+ metabolism as a major therapeutic target for age-related diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES Three distinct families of enzymes consume NAD+ as substrate: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), ADP-ribosyl cyclases (CD38/CD157) and sirtuins. Two main strategies to increase NAD+ availability have arisen. These strategies are based on the utilization of NAD+ intermediates/precursors or the inhibition of the NAD+-consuming enzymes, PARPs and CD38. An increase in endogenous sirtuin activity seems to mediate the protective effect that enhancing NAD+ availability confers in several models of neurodegeneration and age-related diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A growing body of evidence suggests the beneficial role of enhancing NAD+ availability in models of neurodegeneration. The challenge ahead is to establish the value and safety of the long-term use of these strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1652-1668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pehar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kelby M Killoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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243
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Davila A, Liu L, Chellappa K, Redpath P, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Paolella LM, Zhang Z, Migaud ME, Rabinowitz JD, Baur JA. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transported into mammalian mitochondria. eLife 2018; 7:33246. [PMID: 29893687 PMCID: PMC6013257 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial NAD levels influence fuel selection, circadian rhythms, and cell survival under stress. It has alternately been argued that NAD in mammalian mitochondria arises from import of cytosolic nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), or NAD itself. We provide evidence that murine and human mitochondria take up intact NAD. Isolated mitochondria preparations cannot make NAD from NAM, and while NAD is synthesized from NMN, it does not localize to the mitochondrial matrix or effectively support oxidative phosphorylation. Treating cells with nicotinamide riboside that is isotopically labeled on the nicotinamide and ribose moieties results in the appearance of doubly labeled NAD within mitochondria. Analogous experiments with doubly labeled nicotinic acid riboside (labeling cytosolic NAD without labeling NMN) demonstrate that NAD(H) is the imported species. Our results challenge the long-held view that the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to pyridine nucleotides and suggest the existence of an unrecognized mammalian NAD (or NADH) transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Davila
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,PARC, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ling Liu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Philip Redpath
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Lauren M Paolella
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Marie E Migaud
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, United States
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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244
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Brouwers B, Stephens NA, Costford SR, Hopf ME, Ayala JE, Yi F, Xie H, Li JL, Gardell SJ, Sparks LM, Smith SR. Elevated Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase in Skeletal Muscle Augments Exercise Performance and Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity Following Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 29942262 PMCID: PMC6004371 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice overexpressing NAMPT in skeletal muscle (NamptTg mice) develop higher exercise endurance and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) following voluntary exercise training compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying by determining skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in NamptTg and WT mice. Body weight and body composition, tissue weight (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, soleus, heart, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue), skeletal muscle and liver glycogen content, VO2max, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity (measured by high-resolution respirometry), skeletal muscle gene expression (measured by microarray and qPCR), and skeletal muscle protein content (measured by Western blot) were determined following 6 weeks of voluntary exercise training (access to running wheel) in 13-week-old male NamptTg (exercised NamptTg) mice and WT (exercised WT) mice. Daily running distance and running time during the voluntary exercise training protocol were recorded. Daily running distance (p = 0.51) and running time (p = 0.85) were not significantly different between exercised NamptTg mice and exercised WT mice. VO2max was higher in exercised NamptTg mice compared to exercised WT mice (p = 0.02). Body weight (p = 0.92), fat mass (p = 0.49), lean mass (p = 0.91), tissue weight (all p > 0.05), and skeletal muscle (p = 0.72) and liver (p = 0.94) glycogen content were not significantly different between exercised NamptTg mice and exercised WT mice. Complex I oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) respiratory capacity supported by fatty acid substrates (p < 0.01), maximal (complex I+II) OXPHOS respiratory capacity supported by glycolytic (p = 0.02) and fatty acid (p < 0.01) substrates, and maximal uncoupled respiratory capacity supported by fatty acid substrates (p < 0.01) was higher in exercised NamptTg mice compared to exercised WT mice. Transcriptomic analyses revealed differential expression for genes involved in oxidative metabolism in exercised NamptTg mice compared to exercised WT mice, specifically, enrichment for the gene set related to the SIRT3-mediated signaling pathway. SIRT3 protein content correlated with NAMPT protein content (r = 0.61, p = 0.04). In conclusion, NamptTg mice develop higher exercise capacity following voluntary exercise training compared to WT mice, which is paralleled by higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle. The changes in SIRT3 targets suggest that these effects are due to remodeling of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Brouwers
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Natalie A Stephens
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Sheila R Costford
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Meghan E Hopf
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Hui Xie
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
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245
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Draijer S, Chaves I, Hoekman MFM. The circadian clock in adult neural stem cell maintenance. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:41-53. [PMID: 29886147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells persist in the adult central nervous system as a continuing source of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Various signalling pathways and transcription factors actively maintain this population by regulating cell cycle entry and exit. Similarly, the circadian clock is interconnected with the cell cycle and actively maintains stem cell populations in various tissues. Here, we discuss emerging evidence for an important role of the circadian clock in neural stem cell maintenance. We propose that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 exerts control over the circadian clock in adult neural stem cell function to limit exhaustion of their population. Conversely, disruption of the circadian clock may compromise neural stem cell quiescence resulting in a premature decline of the neural stem cell population. As such, energy metabolism and the circadian clock converge in adult neural stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swip Draijer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F M Hoekman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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246
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Froy O, Garaulet M. The Circadian Clock in White and Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanistic, Endocrine, and Clinical Aspects. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:261-273. [PMID: 29490014 PMCID: PMC6456924 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of illnesses, such as insulin resistance and hypertension, and has become a serious public health problem. Mammals have developed a circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) that responds to the environmental light-dark cycle. Clocks similar to the one located in the SCN are found in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. The circadian clock regulates metabolism and energy homeostasis in peripheral tissues by mediating activity and/or expression of key metabolic enzymes and transport systems. Knockouts or mutations in clock genes that lead to disruption of cellular rhythmicity have provided evidence to the tight link between the circadian clock and metabolism. In addition, key proteins play a dual role in regulating the core clock mechanism, as well as adipose tissue metabolism, and link circadian rhythms with lipogenesis and lipolysis. Adipose tissues are distinguished as white, brown, and beige (or brite), each with unique metabolic characteristics. Recently, the role of the circadian clock in regulating the differentiation into the different adipose tissues has been investigated. In this review, the role of clock proteins and the downstream signaling pathways in white, brown, and brite adipose tissue function and differentiation will be reviewed. In addition, chronodisruption and metabolic disorders and clinical aspects of circadian adiposity will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
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247
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Sallin O, Reymond L, Gondrand C, Raith F, Koch B, Johnsson K. Semisynthetic biosensors for mapping cellular concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. eLife 2018; 7:32638. [PMID: 29809136 PMCID: PMC5990361 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new class of semisynthetic fluorescent biosensors for the quantification of free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and ratios of reduced to oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP+) in live cells. Sensing is based on controlling the spatial proximity of two synthetic fluorophores by binding of NAD(P) to the protein component of the sensor. The sensors possess a large dynamic range, can be excited at long wavelengths, are pH-insensitive, have tunable response range and can be localized in different organelles. Ratios of free NADPH/NADP+ are found to be higher in mitochondria compared to those found in the nucleus and the cytosol. By recording free NADPH/NADP+ ratios in response to changes in environmental conditions, we observe how cells can react to such changes by adapting metabolic fluxes. Finally, we demonstrate how a comparison of the effect of drugs on cellular NAD(P) levels can be used to probe mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sallin
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Reymond
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Gondrand
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Koch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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248
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Camera DM. Anabolic Heterogeneity Following Resistance Training: A Role for Circadian Rhythm? Front Physiol 2018; 9:569. [PMID: 29875682 PMCID: PMC5974096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis and promotes gains in muscle mass and strength. However, considerable variability exists following standardized resistance training programs in the magnitude of muscle cross-sectional area and strength responses from one individual to another. Several studies have recently posited that alterations in satellite cell population, myogenic gene expression and microRNAs may contribute to individual variability in anabolic adaptation. One emerging factor that may also explain the variability in responses to resistance exercise is circadian rhythms and underlying molecular clock signals. The molecular clock is found in most cells within the body, including skeletal muscle, and principally functions to optimize the timing of specific cellular events around a 24 h cycle. Accumulating evidence investigating the skeletal muscle molecular clock indicates that exercise-induced contraction and its timing may regulate gene expression and protein synthesis responses which, over time, can influence and modulate key physiological responses such as muscle hypertrophy and increased strength. Therefore, the circadian clock may play a key role in the heterogeneous anabolic responses with resistance exercise. The central aim of this Hypothesis and Theory is to discuss and propose the potential interplay between the circadian molecular clock and established molecular mechanisms mediating muscle anabolic responses with resistance training. This article begins with a current review of the mechanisms associated with the heterogeneity in muscle anabolism with resistance training before introducing the molecular pathways regulating circadian function in skeletal muscle. Recent work showing members of the core molecular clock system can regulate myogenic and translational signaling pathways is also discussed, forming the basis for a possible role of the circadian clock in the variable anabolic responses with resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny M Camera
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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249
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McKenna H, van der Horst GTJ, Reiss I, Martin D. Clinical chronobiology: a timely consideration in critical care medicine. Crit Care 2018; 22:124. [PMID: 29747699 PMCID: PMC5946479 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental aspect of human physiology is its cyclical nature over a 24-h period, a feature conserved across most life on Earth. Organisms compartmentalise processes with respect to time in order to promote survival, in a manner that mirrors the rotation of the planet and accompanying diurnal cycles of light and darkness. The influence of circadian rhythms can no longer be overlooked in clinical settings; this review provides intensivists with an up-to-date understanding of the burgeoning field of chronobiology, and suggests ways to incorporate these concepts into daily practice to improve patient outcomes. We outline the function of molecular clocks in remote tissues, which adjust cellular and global physiological function according to the time of day, and the potential clinical advantages to keeping in time with them. We highlight the consequences of "chronopathology", when this harmony is lost, and the risk factors for this condition in critically ill patients. We introduce the concept of "chronofitness" as a new target in the treatment of critical illness: preserving the internal synchronisation of clocks in different tissues, as well as external synchronisation with the environment. We describe methods for monitoring circadian rhythms in a clinical setting, and how this technology may be used for identifying optimal time windows for interventions, or to alert the physician to a critical deterioration of circadian rhythmicity. We suggest a chronobiological approach to critical illness, involving multicomponent strategies to promote chronofitness (chronobundles), and further investment in the development of personalised, time-based treatment for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McKenna
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, First Floor, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7HA UK
| | | | - Irwin Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Martin
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, First Floor, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7HA UK
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Critical Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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Abstract
Mounting evidence in recent years supports the extensive interaction between the circadian and redox systems. The existence of such a relationship is not surprising because most organisms, be they diurnal or nocturnal, display daily oscillations in energy intake, locomotor activity, and exposure to exogenous and internally generated oxidants. The transcriptional clock controls the levels of many antioxidant proteins and redox-active cofactors, and, conversely, the cellular redox poise has been shown to feed back to the transcriptional oscillator via redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes. However, the circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins constituted the first example of an autonomous circadian redox oscillation, which occurred independently of the transcriptional clock. Importantly, the high phylogenetic conservation of these rhythms suggests that they might predate the evolution of the transcriptional oscillator, and therefore could be a part of a primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator. This discovery forced the reappraisal of the dogmatic transcription-centered view of the clockwork and opened a new avenue of research. Indeed, the investigation into the links between the circadian and redox systems is still in its infancy, and many important questions remain to be addressed.
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