201
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Chen X, Xiao F, He WM. Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various alkene difunctionalization reactions involving nitridization, diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, and nitration are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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202
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Meyer TH, Samanta RC, Del Vecchio A, Ackermann L. Mangana(iii/iv)electro-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H azidation. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2890-2897. [PMID: 34164055 PMCID: PMC8179422 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05924b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganaelectro-catalyzed azidation of otherwise inert C(sp3)-H bonds was accomplished using most user-friendly sodium azide as the nitrogen-source. The operationally simple, resource-economic C-H azidation strategy was characterized by mild reaction conditions, no directing group, traceless electrons as the sole redox-reagent, Earth-abundant manganese as the catalyst, high functional-group compatibility and high chemoselectivity, setting the stage for late-stage azidation of bioactive compounds. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry provided strong support for metal-catalyzed aliphatic radical formation, along with subsequent azidyl radical transfer within a manganese(iii/iv) manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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203
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Abstract
The merger of transition metal catalysis and electroorganic synthesis has recently emerged as a versatile platform for the development of highly enabling radical reactions in a sustainable fashion. Electrochemistry provides access to highly reactive radical species under extremely mild reaction conditions from abundant native functionalities. Transition metal catalysts can be used as redox-active electrocatalysts to shuttle electrons, chiral information to organic substrates, and the reactive intermediates in the electrolytic systems. The combination of these strategies in this mechanistic paradigm thus makes the generation and utilization of radical species in a chemoselective manner and allows further application to more synthetically attractive enantioselective radical transformations. This perspective discusses key advances over the past few years in the field of electrochemical transition metal catalysis and demonstrates how the unique features of this strategy permit challenging or previously elusive transformations via radical pathways to be successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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204
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Wang P, Gao X, Zhang H, Lei A. Electrochemical
Palladium‐Catalyzed
Intramolecular C—H Amination of
2‐Amidobiaryls
for Synthesis of Carbazoles. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
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205
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Makai S, Falk E, Morandi B. Direct Synthesis of Unprotected 2-Azidoamines from Alkenes via an Iron-Catalyzed Difunctionalization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21548-21555. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Makai
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Falk
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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206
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Xu J, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Boyle DT, Lee HK, Huang W, Li Y, Wang H, Li J, Zhu Y, Chen B, Mitch W, Cui Y. Designing a Nanoscale Three-phase Electrochemical Pathway to Promote Pt-catalyzed Formaldehyde Oxidation. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8719-8724. [PMID: 33201720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase heterogeneous catalysis is a process spatially constrained on the two-dimensional surface of a solid catalyst. Here, we introduce a new toolkit to open up the third dimension. We discovered that the activity of a solid catalyst can be dramatically promoted by covering its surface with a nanoscale-thin layer of liquid electrolyte while maintaining efficient delivery of gas reactants, a strategy we call three-phase catalysis. Introducing the liquid electrolyte converts the original surface catalytic reaction into an electrochemical pathway with mass transfer facilitated by free ions in a three-dimensional space. We chose the oxidation of formaldehyde as a model reaction and observed a 25000-times enhancement in the turnover frequency of Pt in three-phase catalysis as compared to conventional heterogeneous catalysis. We envision three-phase catalysis as a new dimension for catalyst design and anticipate its applications in more chemical reactions from pollution control to the petrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yecun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David T Boyle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wenxiao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuzhang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - William Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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207
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Wei B, Xie D, Lai S, Jiang Y, Fu H, Wei D, Han B. Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang‐Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Tai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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208
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Zhang W, Lin S. Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20661-20670. [PMID: 33231074 PMCID: PMC7951757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes-reactions with rare precedents in the literature-by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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209
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Yu K, Kong X, Yang J, Li G, Xu B, Chen Q. Electrochemical Oxidative Halogenation of N-Aryl Alkynamides for the Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]trienones. J Org Chem 2020; 86:917-928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianqiang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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210
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Liu J, Pan J, Luo X, Qiu X, Zhang C, Jiao N. Selective Dealkenylative Functionalization of Styrenes via C-C Bond Cleavage. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:7947029. [PMID: 33274339 PMCID: PMC7676249 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7947029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As a readily available feedstock, styrene with about 25 million tons of global annual production serves as an important building block and organic synthon for the synthesis of fine chemicals, polystyrene plastics, and elastomers. Thus, in the past decades, many direct transformations of this costless styrene feedstock were disclosed for the preparation of high-value chemicals, which to date, generally performed on the functionalization of styrenes through the allylic C-H bond, C(sp2)-H bond, or the C=C double bond cleavage. However, the dealkenylative functionalization of styrenes via the direct C-C single bond cleavage is so far challenging and still unknown. Herein, we report the novel and efficient C-C amination and hydroxylation reactions of styrenes for the synthesis of valuable aryl amines and phenols via the site-selective C(Ar)-C(alkenyl) single bond cleavage. This chemistry unlocks the new transformation and application of the styrene feedstock and provides an efficient protocol for the late-stage modification of substituted styrenes with the site-directed dealkenylative amination and hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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211
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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212
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1861-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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213
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Vicinal difunctionalization of carbon-carbon double bond for the platform synthesis of trifluoroalkyl amines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5924. [PMID: 33230122 PMCID: PMC7683743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective vicinal diamination of carbon-carbon double bonds with two different amines is a synthetic challenge under transition metal-free conditions, especially for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated amines. However, the synthesis of ethylene diamines and fluorinated amine compounds is demanded, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. Herein, we demonstrate that the controllable double nucleophilic functionalization of an activated alkene synthon, originated from a trifluoropropenyliodonium salt with two distinct nucleophiles, enables the selective synthesis of trifluoromethylated ethylene amines and diamines on broad scale with high efficiency under mild reaction conditions. Considering the chemical nature of the reactants, our synthetic approach brings forth an efficient methodology and provides versatile access to highly fluorinated amines.
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214
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Su YL, Tram L, Wherritt D, Arman H, Griffith WP, Doyle MP. α-Amino Radical-Mediated Diverse Difunctionalization of Alkenes: Construction of C–C, C–N, and C–S Bonds. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Wendell P. Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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215
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Ge L, Chiou MF, Li Y, Bao H. Radical azidation as a means of constructing C(sp3)-N3 bonds. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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216
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Das PK, Chakraborty P, Gholap SS, Gonçalves TP, Yao C, Li H, Lai Z, Emwas AH, Huang KW. Mechanistic elucidation of the role of metal oxidation states in nickel mediated electrocatalytic coupling of benzyl halides. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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217
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Kim JE, Choi S, Balamurugan M, Jang JH, Nam KT. Electrochemical C–N Bond Formation for Sustainable Amine Synthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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218
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Abstract
A wide range of methodologies for the preparation of organic azides has been reported in the literature for many decades, due to their interest as building blocks for different transformations and their applications in biology as well as in materials science. More recently, with the spread of the use of transition metal-catalyzed reactions, new perspectives have also materialized in azidation processes, especially concerning the azidation of C–H bonds and direct difunctionalization of multiple carbon-carbon bonds. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on reactions involving substrates bearing a leaving group, hydroazidation reactions and azidation reactions that proceed with the formation of more than one bond. Further reactions for the preparation of allyl and vinyl azides as well as for azidations involving the opening of a ring complete the classification of the material.
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219
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Niu L, Jiang C, Liang Y, Liu D, Bu F, Shi R, Chen H, Chowdhury AD, Lei A. Manganese-Catalyzed Oxidative Azidation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds under Electrophotocatalytic Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17693-17702. [PMID: 32941025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The selective installation of azide groups into C(sp3)-H bonds is a priority research topic in organic synthesis, particularly in pharmaceutical discovery and late-stage diversification. Herein, we demonstrate a generalized manganese-catalyzed oxidative azidation methodology of C(sp3)-H bonds using nucleophilic NaN3 as an azide source under electrophotocatalytic conditions. This approach allows us to perform the reaction without the necessity of adding an excess of the substrate and successfully avoiding the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants such as iodine(III) reagent or NFSI. A series of tertiary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H, aliphatic C(sp3)-H, and drug-molecule-based C(sp3)-H bonds in substrates are well tolerated under our protocol. The simultaneous gram-scale synthesis and the ease of transformation of azide to amine collectively advocate for the potential application in the preparative synthesis. Good reactivity of the tertiary benzylic C(sp3)-H bond and selectivity of the tertiary aliphatic C(sp3)-H bond in substrates to incorporate nitrogen-based functionality at the tertiary alkyl group also provide opportunities to manipulate numerous potential medicinal candidates. We anticipate our synthetic protocol, consisting of metal catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, would provide a new sustainable option to execute challenging organic synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingdong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxiang Bu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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220
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Lai J, Pericàs MA. Manganese/Copper Co-catalyzed Electrochemical Wacker-Tsuji-Type Oxidation of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7338-7342. [PMID: 32866388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A manganese/copper co-catalyzed electrochemical Wacker-Tsuji-type oxidation of aryl-substituted alkenes has been developed. The process involves the use of 5 mol % MnBr2 and 7.5 mol % CuCl2, in 4:1 acetonitrile/water in an undivided cell at 60 °C, with 2.8 V constant applied potential. α-Aryl ketones are formed in moderate to excellent yields, with the advantages of avoidance of palladium as a catalyst and any external chemical oxidant in an easily operated, cost-effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Lai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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221
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Xin Y, Li S, Qian Y, Zhu W, Yuan H, Jiang P, Guo R, Wang L. High-Entropy Alloys as a Platform for Catalysis: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, P. R. China
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222
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Mo Y, Rughoobur G, Nambiar AMK, Zhang K, Jensen KF. A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anirudh M. K. Nambiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kara Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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223
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Mo Y, Rughoobur G, Nambiar AMK, Zhang K, Jensen KF. A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20890-20894. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anirudh M. K. Nambiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kara Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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224
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Wu Y, Liu C, Wang C, Lu S, Zhang B. Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with H
2
O (D
2
O) as the H (D) Source over a Pd‐P Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of, Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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225
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Wu Y, Liu C, Wang C, Lu S, Zhang B. Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with H
2
O (D
2
O) as the H (D) Source over a Pd‐P Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21170-21175. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of, Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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226
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Bu F, Lu L, Hu X, Wang S, Zhang H, Lei A. Electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation and 1,2-aryl migration towards the synthesis of 1,2-diaryl ethers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10000-10004. [PMID: 34094264 PMCID: PMC8162141 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acid compounds are important chemicals and are widely present in various natural products. They are not only nucleophiles, but also radical precursors. Classic transition-metal-catalyzed and photochemical decarboxylation have shown their excellent site selectivity in radical chemistry. However, electrochemical decarboxylation with a long history hasn't got enough attention in recent years. In this work, the electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation and 1,2-aryl migration of 3,3-diarylpropionic acids have been introduced to construct C–O bonds with alcohols. Remarkably, this transformation can proceed smoothly without metal catalysts and external oxidants. Carboxylic acid compounds are important chemicals and are widely present in various natural products. The conversion of carboxylic acids into valuable compounds is a promising field.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Bu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China .,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P. R. China
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227
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Zhang TT, Luo MJ, Li Y, Song RJ, Li JH. Electrochemical Alkoxyhalogenation of Alkenes with Organohalides as the Halide Sources via Dehalogenation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7250-7254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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228
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Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
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229
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Govaerts S, Angelini L, Hampton C, Malet‐Sanz L, Ruffoni A, Leonori D. Photoinduced Olefin Diamination with Alkylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15021-15028. [PMID: 32432808 PMCID: PMC7497254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal diamines are ubiquitous materials in organic and medicinal chemistry. The direct coupling of olefins and amines would be an ideal approach to construct these motifs. However, alkene diamination remains a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis, especially when using two different amine components. We report a general strategy for the direct and selective assembly of vicinal 1,2-diamines using readily available olefin and amine building blocks. This mild and straightforward approach involves in situ formation and photoinduced activation of N-chloroamines to give aminium radicals that enable efficient alkene aminochlorination. Owing to the ambiphilic nature of the β-chloroamines produced, conversion into tetra-alkyl aziridinium ions was possible, thus enabling diamination by regioselective ring-opening with primary or secondary amines. This strategy streamlines the preparation of vicinal diamines from multistep sequences to a single chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Govaerts
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Lucrezia Angelini
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Charlotte Hampton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Laia Malet‐Sanz
- Eli Lilly and Company LimitedErl Wood ManorWindleshamSurreyGU20 6PHUK
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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230
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Yang Y, Xu CH, Xiong ZQ, Li JH. Visible light photoredox alkylazidation of alkenes with sodium azide and heteroarenium salts: entry to azido-containing 1,4-dihydropyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9549-9552. [PMID: 32691800 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A three-component alkene alkylazidation using sodium azide as the azido resource and heteroarenium salts as functionalized alkyl reagents for producing highly valuable 2-azido-1-(1,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-ethanes is described. This reaction allows the incorporation of both an azido group and a 1,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl group across C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds to construct two new bonds in a single reaction step, and represents a practical and mechanistically distinct alternative that harnesses an electrophilic heteroarenium ion to accomplish the alkene difunctionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chong-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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231
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Liu C, Han S, Li M, Chong X, Zhang B. Electrocatalytic Deuteration of Halides with D 2 O as the Deuterium Source over a Copper Nanowire Arrays Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18527-18531. [PMID: 32662240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise deuterium incorporation with controllable deuterated sites is extremely desirable. Here, a facile and efficient electrocatalytic deuterodehalogenation of halides using D2 O as the deuteration reagent and copper nanowire arrays (Cu NWAs) electrochemically formed in situ as the cathode was demonstrated. A cross-coupling of carbon and deuterium free radicals might be involved for this ipso-selective deuteration. This method exhibited excellent chemoselectivity and high compatibility with the easily reducible functional groups (C=C, C≡C, C=O, C=N, C≡N). The C-H to C-D transformations were achieved with high yields and deuterium ratios through a one-pot halogenation-deuterodehalogenation process. Efficient deuteration of less-active bromide substrates, specific deuterium incorporation into top-selling pharmaceuticals, and oxidant-free paired anodic synthesis of high-value chemicals with low energy input highlighted the potential practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaodan Chong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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232
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Electrocatalytic Deuteration of Halides with D
2
O as the Deuterium Source over a Copper Nanowire Arrays Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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233
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Zhang B, Xu S, He D, Chen R, He Y, Fa W, Li G, Wang D. Photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration is highly sensitive to the nature of electrode surface. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Shaochen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Da He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Yumin He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Wenjun Fa
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Gonghu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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234
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He H, Cao R, Cao R, Liu XY, Li W, Yu D, Li Y, Liu M, Wu Y, Wu P, Yang JS, Yan Y, Yang J, Zheng ZB, Zhong W, Qin Y. A light- and heat-driven glycal diazidation approach to nitrogenous carbohydrate derivatives with antiviral activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6155-6161. [PMID: 32716466 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aminated mimetics of 2-keto-3-deoxy-sugar acids such as the anti-influenza clinical drugs oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are important bioactive molecules. Development of synthetic methodologies for accessing such compound collections is highly desirable. Herein, we describe a simple, catalyst-free glycal diazidation protocol enabled by visible light-driven conditions. This new method requires neither acid promoters nor transition-metal catalysts and takes place at ambient temperature within 1-2 hours. Notably, the desired transformations could be promoted by thermal conditions as well, albeit with lower efficacy compared to the light-induced conditions. Different sugar acid-derived glycal templates have been converted into a range of 2,3-diazido carbohydrate analogs by harnessing this mild and scalable approach, leading to the discovery of new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Di Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pingzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jin-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yunzheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Zhi-Bing Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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235
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Uyanik M, Sahara N, Tsukahara M, Hattori Y, Ishihara K. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative α‐Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Naoto Sahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Mayuko Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuhei Hattori
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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236
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Uyanik M, Sahara N, Tsukahara M, Hattori Y, Ishihara K. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative α‐Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17110-17117. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Naoto Sahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Mayuko Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuhei Hattori
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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237
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Metal-free electrochemical oxidative trifluoromethylation/C(sp2) H functionalization of quinolinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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238
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Ang NWJ, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Electroreductive Cobalt-Catalyzed Carboxylation: Cross-Electrophile Electrocoupling with Atmospheric CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12842-12847. [PMID: 32329560 PMCID: PMC7496797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemical use of CO2 as an inexpensive, nontoxic C1 synthon is of utmost topical interest in the context of carbon capture and utilization (CCU). We present the merger of cobalt catalysis and electrochemical synthesis for mild catalytic carboxylations of allylic chlorides with CO2 . Styrylacetic acid derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields and good functional group tolerance. The thus-obtained products are useful as versatile synthons of γ-arylbutyrolactones. Cyclic voltammetry and in operando kinetic analysis were performed to provide mechanistic insights into the electrocatalytic carboxylation with CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate W. J. Ang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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239
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Ye Z, Wu Y, Chen N, Zhang H, Zhu K, Ding M, Liu M, Li Y, Zhang F. Enantiospecific electrochemical rearrangement for the synthesis of hindered triazolopyridinone derivatives. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3628. [PMID: 32686668 PMCID: PMC7371640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazolopyridinone derivatives are of high value in both medicinal and material chemistry. However, the chiral or hindered triazolopyridinone derivatives remain an underexplored area of chemical space because they are difficult to prepare via conventional methods. Here we report an electrochemical rearrangement for the efficient synthesis of otherwise inaccessible triazolopyridinones with diverse alkyl carboxylic acids as starting materials. This enables the efficient preparation of more than 60 functionalized triazolopyridinones under mild conditions in a sustainable manner. This method is evaluated for the late stage modification of bioactive natural products, amino acids and pharmaceuticals, and it is further applied to the decagram scale preparation of enantiopure triazolopyridinones. The control experiments support a mechanism involving an oxidative cyclization and 1,2-carbon migration. This facile and scalable rearrangement demonstrates the power of electrochemical synthesis to access otherwise-inaccessible triazolopyridinones and may find wide application in organic, material and medicinal chemistry. Chiral and hindered triazolopyridinone derivatives are an underexplored area of chemical space mainly due to their challenging synthesis via classical methods. Here, the authors report an electrochemical rearrangement for the synthesis of triazolopyridinones using diverse, available alkyl carboxylic acids as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingruo Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, PR China.
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240
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Su YL, Liu GX, Liu JW, Tram L, Qiu H, Doyle MP. Radical-Mediated Strategies for the Functionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13846-13855. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Wen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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241
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Hu K, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Zha Z, Wang Z. Iodine-Mediated Electrochemical C(sp2)–H Amination: Switchable Synthesis of Indolines and Indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:5773-5777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfei Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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242
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Zhao J, Ding L, Wang P, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhou X, Lu M. Electrochemical Nonacidic N‐Nitrosation/N‐Nitration of Secondary Amines through a Biradical Coupling Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Ping Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Lu‐jia Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Peng‐Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Min‐Jun Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Li Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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243
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Gandeepan P, Finger LH, Meyer TH, Ackermann L. 3d metallaelectrocatalysis for resource economical syntheses. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4254-4272. [PMID: 32458919 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resource economy constitutes one of the key challenges for researchers and practitioners in academia and industries, in terms of rising demand for sustainable and green synthetic methodology. To achieve ideal levels of resource economy in molecular syntheses, novel avenues are required, which include, but are not limited to the use of naturally abundant, renewable feedstocks, solvents, metal catalysts, energy, and redox reagents. In this context, electrosyntheses create the unique possibility to replace stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing or reducing reagents as well as electron transfer events by electric current. Particularly, the merger of Earth-abundant 3d metal catalysis and electrooxidation has recently been recognized as an increasingly viable strategy to forge challenging C-C and C-heteroatom bonds for complex organic molecules in a sustainable fashion under mild reaction conditions. In this review, we highlight the key developments in 3d metallaelectrocatalysis in the context of resource economy in molecular syntheses until February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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244
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Lv S, Han X, Wang JY, Zhou M, Wu Y, Ma L, Niu L, Gao W, Zhou J, Hu W, Cui Y, Chen J. Tunable Electrochemical C-N versus N-N Bond Formation of Nitrogen-Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11583-11590. [PMID: 32203637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an environmentally friendly electrochemical approach is reported that takes advantage of the captodative effect and delocalization effect to generate nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs). By changing the reaction parameters of the electrode material and feedstock solubility, dearomatization enabled a selective dehydrogenative C-N versus N-N bond formation reaction. Hence, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and tetraarylhydrazine frameworks were prepared through a sustainable transition-metal- and exogenous oxidant-free strategy with broad generality. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Compound 21 exhibited good photochemical properties with a large Stokes shift (approximately 130 nm) and was successfully applied to subcellular imaging. A preliminary mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the possible reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shide Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
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245
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Xiong Y, Yu Y, You Y, Weng J, Lu G. Metal‐Free Aerobic Sulfenyllactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Thiols Using Air as Sole Oxidant. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Shi Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Peng You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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246
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Wills AG, Poole DL, Alder CM, Reid M. A Mechanistic and Cautionary Case Study on the Use of Alternating Potential in Electrochemical Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfie G. Wills
- Medicinal Chemistry GlaxoSmithKlineGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage UK SG1 2NY
- Department of Pure & Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow UK G1 1XL
| | - Darren L. Poole
- Medicinal Chemistry GlaxoSmithKlineGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage UK SG1 2NY
| | - Catherine M. Alder
- Medicinal Chemistry GlaxoSmithKlineGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage UK SG1 2NY
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure & Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow UK G1 1XL
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247
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Song L, Fu N, Ernst BG, Lee WH, Frederick MO, DiStasio RA, Lin S. Dual electrocatalysis enables enantioselective hydrocyanation of conjugated alkenes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:747-754. [PMID: 32601407 PMCID: PMC7390704 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nitriles and their derivatives are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Enantioselective alkene hydrocyanation represents a convenient and efficient approach for synthesizing these molecules. However, a generally applicable method featuring a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance remains elusive. Here, we address this long-standing synthetic problem using dual electrocatalysis. Using this strategy, we leverage electrochemistry to seamlessly combine two canonical radical reactions—cobalt-mediated hydrogen-atom transfer and copper-promoted radical cyanation—to accomplish highly enantioselective hydrocyanation without the need for stoichiometric oxidants. We also harness electrochemistry’s unique feature of precise potential control to optimize the chemoselectivity of challenging substrates. Computational analysis uncovers the origin of enantio-induction, for which the chiral catalyst imparts a combination of attractive and repulsive non-covalent interactions to direct the enantio-determining C–CN bond formation. This work demonstrates the power of electrochemistry in accessing new chemical space and providing solutions to pertinent challenges in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wai Hang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael O Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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248
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Zhang L, Xu M, Cao W, Xu X, Ji S. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Multicomponent Cascade Transformation from Indoles to 2‐Azidoindolin‐3‐yl 2‐Aminobenzoates. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng‐Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Bin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun‐Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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249
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Vincent G, Abou-Hamdan H, Kouklovsky C. Dearomatization Reactions of Indoles to Access 3D Indoline Structures. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This Account summarizes our involvement in the development of dearomatization reactions of indoles that has for origin a total synthesis problematic. We present the effort from our group to obtain 3D-indolines scaffold from the umpolung of N-acyl indoles via activation with FeCl3 to the oxidative spirocyclizations of N-EWG indoles and via the use of electrochemistry.1 Introduction2 Activation of N-Acyl Indoles with FeCl3
2.1 Hydroarylation of N-Acyl Indoles2.2 Difunctionalization of N-Acyl Indoles3 Radical-Mediated Dearomatization of Indoles for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolines4 Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles4.1 Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles4.2 Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles5 Conclusion
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250
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Liu K, Deng Y, Song W, Song C, Lei A. Electrochemical Dearomative Halocyclization of Tryptamine and Tryptophol Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Wenxu Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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