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Bar-Or I, Indenbaum V, Weil M, Elul M, Levi N, Aguvaev I, Cohen Z, Levy V, Azar R, Mannasse B, Shirazi R, Bucris E, Mor O, Sela Brown A, Sofer D, Zuckerman NS, Mendelson E, Erster O. National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel. Viruses 2022; 14:1229. [PMID: 35746700 PMCID: PMC9227326 DOI: 10.3390/v14061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe a national-scale monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 (SC-2) variant dynamics in Israel, using multiple-time sampling of 13 wastewater treatment plants. We used a combination of inclusive and selective quantitative PCR assays that specifically identify variants A19/A20 or B.1.1.7 and tested each sample for the presence and relative viral RNA load of each variant. We show that between December 2020 and March 2021, a complete shift in the SC-2 variant circulation was observed, where the B.1.1.7 replaced the A19 in all examined test points. We further show that the normalized viral load (NVL) values and the average new cases per week reached a peak in January 2021 and then decreased gradually in almost all test points, in parallel with the progression of the national vaccination campaign, during February-March 2021. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring SC-2 variant by using a combination of inclusive and selective PCR tests on a national scale through wastewater sampling, which is far more amendable for high-throughput monitoring compared with sequencing. This approach may be useful for real-time dynamics surveillance of current and future variants, such as the Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) and other variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Bar-Or
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Merav Weil
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Michal Elul
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Nofar Levi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Irina Aguvaev
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Zvi Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Virginia Levy
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Roberto Azar
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Batya Mannasse
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Rachel Shirazi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alin Sela Brown
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oran Erster
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (I.B.-O.); (V.I.); (M.W.); (M.E.); (N.L.); (I.A.); (Z.C.); (V.L.); (R.A.); (B.M.); (R.S.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.B.); (D.S.); (N.S.Z.); (E.M.)
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202
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Zoulikha M, Huang F, Wu Z, He W. COVID-19 inflammation and implications in drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 346:260-274. [PMID: 35469984 PMCID: PMC9045711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that hyperinflammatory syndrome and cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 severe cases are narrowly associated with the disease's poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting the inflammatory pathways seems to be a rational therapeutic strategy against COVID-19. Many anti-inflammatory agents have been proposed; however, most of them suffer from poor bioavailability, instability, short half-life, and undesirable biodistribution resulting in off-target effects. From a pharmaceutical standpoint, the implication of COVID-19 inflammation can be exploited as a therapeutic target and/or a targeting strategy against the pandemic. First, the drug delivery systems can be harnessed to improve the properties of anti-inflammatory agents and deliver them safely and efficiently to their therapeutic targets. Second, the drug carriers can be tailored to develop smart delivery systems able to respond to the microenvironmental stimuli to release the anti-COVID-19 therapeutics in a selective and specific manner. More interestingly, some biosystems can simultaneously repress the hyperinflammation due to their inherent anti-inflammatory potency and endow their drug cargo with a selective delivery to the injured sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhloufi Zoulikha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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203
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González-Ruiz FJ, Lazcano-Díaz EA, Baeza Herrera LA, Villalobos-Pedroza M, Toledo Alemán EL, Zuñiga-Salcedo MG, Cruz-Rodríguez C, López-Polanco A, Torres-Pulido A, Sierra-González de Cossio A, Cota Apodaca LA, Manzur-Sandoval D. Endotheliitis, Shunts, and Ventilation–Perfusion Mismatch in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Literature Review of Disease Mechanisms. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103820. [PMID: 35600188 PMCID: PMC9112604 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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204
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Beshai R, Bulik P, Shaikh H. ST-Segment Elevation Secondary to Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25399. [PMID: 35765388 PMCID: PMC9233904 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 45-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, cough,and chest discomfort. He reported positive test results for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) four days prior; this was confirmed by a second test administered at the hospital. Results of a chest CT, consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia, also revealed pneumomediastinum (PM). EKG showed ST elevations in the inferior leads with no reciprocal changes. Emergent cardiac catheterization showed that he had no stenosis in his major coronary arteries. His symptoms resolved after 25 days of hospitalization and the patient was ultimately discharged. This case highlights the importance of recognizing spontaneous PM as a complication of COVID-19 along with its uncommon presentation of ST elevation in order to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures.
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205
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Bahmani M, Chegini R, Ghanbari E, Sheykhsaran E, Shiri Aghbash P, Leylabadlo HE, Moradian E, Kazemzadeh Houjaghan AM, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Role of interleukin-6 and the inflammatory cascade. World J Virol 2022; 11:113-128. [PMID: 35665236 PMCID: PMC9150027 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus that represents a serious threat to human lives has emerged. There is still no definite treatment for severe cases of the disease caused by this virus, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One of the most considered treatment strategies targets the exaggerated immune regulator, and interleukin (IL)-6 is a crucial pro-inflammatory mediator. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases show an elevated level of IL-6 related to disease severity. IL-6 activity can be inhibited by the following: IL-6 itself, IL-6 signaling pathways such as Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), gp130, IL-6R, and downstream activated ILs, such as IL-17 and IL-6 cytokine. Currently, according to these studies and their results, IL-6 blockade with anti-IL-6 or its receptor antibodies such as tocilizumab in COVID-19 is beneficial in severe cases and may reduce the mortality rate. JAK-STAT inhibitors block the cytokine storm by inhibiting several crucial pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 and have shown various results in clinical trials. IL-6 induces IL-17 secretion, and IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes. Clinical trials of anti-IL-17 drugs are currently recruiting, and anti-gp130 antibody is preclinical. However, this agent has shown positive effects in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials and could be tested for SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to review the role of IL-6 in the cytokine storm and studies regarding IL-6 and blockade of its inflammatory pathways in COVID-19 to determine if any of these agents are beneficial for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Bahmani
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Tabriz Univer-sity of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
| | - Rojin Chegini
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745-33871, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Science, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67159-59167, Iran
| | - Elham Sheykhsaran
- Department of Microbiology, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
| | - Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Moradian
- Department of Medical Science, Medical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
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206
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Anticoagulant Treatment in Severe ARDS COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102695. [PMID: 35628822 PMCID: PMC9148112 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 may complicate their evolution with thromboembolic events. Incidence of thromboembolic complications are high and also, patients with the critically-ill disease showed evidence of microthrombi and microangiopathy in the lung probably due to endothelial damage by directly and indirectly injured endothelial and epithelial cells. Pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis and arterial embolism were reported in patients with COVID-19, and several analytical abnormal coagulation parameters have been described as well. D-dimer, longer coagulation times and lower platelet counts have been associated with poor outcomes. The use of anticoagulation or high doses of prophylactic heparin is controversial. Despite the use of anticoagulation or high prophylactic dose of heparin have been associated with better outcomes in observational studies, only in patients with non-critically ill disease benefits for anticoagulation was observed. In critically-ill patient, anticoagulation was not associated with better outcomes. Other measures such as antiplatelet therapy, fibrinolytic therapy or nebulized anticoagulants are being studied in ongoing clinical trials.
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207
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Sabitha S, Shobana N, Prakash P, Padmanaban S, Sathiyashree M, Saigeetha S, Chakravarthi S, Uthaman S, Park IK, Samrot AV. A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050737. [PMID: 35632493 PMCID: PMC9145217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an unknown viral infection emerged and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. This novel virus caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused 6.25 millions of deaths worldwide and remains a major concern for health, society, and the economy. As vaccination is one of the most efficient ways to combat this pandemic, different vaccines were developed in a short period. This review article discusses how coronavirus affected the top nations of the world and the vaccines being used for the prevention. Amongst the vaccines, some vaccines have already been approved, and some have been involved in clinical studies. The article also provides insight into different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, their preparation, working, efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Sabitha
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Nagarajan Shobana
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandurangan Prakash
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
| | - Mahendran Sathiyashree
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Subramanian Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur 600073, India
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
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208
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Pérez CA, Michelutti LBC, Palharini MV, Teixeira LP, Silva VR, Teixeira LEPDP, da Silva SLA, Botelho S. Interaction between the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and demographic characteristics on sexual/erectile dysfunction in Latin America: cross-sectional study. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 48:512-547. [PMID: 35373948 PMCID: PMC9060173 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our objective was to investigate whether there is an interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic, demographic characteristics and erectile/sexual (E/S) function in individuals from Latin America. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study which included Latin American individuals over 18 years old, recruited through social media and interviewed between July and August 2020 by online surveys (Google Forms) in Portuguese and Spanish languages. The E/S function was evaluated through the following questionnaires: Simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); while post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). The data was analyzed by T Student, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, with significance determined by the Wald test (p<0.05), using the R software v4.0. Results: Out of the 2016 individuals that responded to the survey, 1986 were included and 743 of them presented E/S dysfunction. PTSD occurrence was greater among people with E/S dysfunction when compared to those without E/S dysfunction, in the total score (males: IES-R=26.54[±19.17] and females: IES-R=35.92[±19.25]) and also in the three domains. It was found that those who do not live with a partner were 74% more likely to have E/S dysfunction, but living with a partner during the pandemic had a greater impact on E/S function. Conclusion: A negative interaction between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and erectile/sexual function of the Latin American population was observed, with greater implications among the individuals who live with their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Alvear Pérez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciana Barros Cavalcanti Michelutti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Volpato Palharini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Luisa Pasqualotto Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Valeria Regina Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil.,Universidade José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS, - Alfenas, MGm Brasil
| | - Lucas Emmanuel Pedro de Paiva Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Simone Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Instituto de Ciências Motoras da Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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209
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Yemata GA, Tesfaw A, Mihret G, Tiruneh M, Walle Z, Molla E, Sisay E, Admassu FT, Habtie E, Desalagn T, Shimels H, Teshome F. Survival Time to COVID-19 Severity and Its Predictors in South Gondar Zone, North-West Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1187-1201. [PMID: 35634568 PMCID: PMC9139343 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s361061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion and Recommendation
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaneh Atikilt Yemata
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Getaneh Atikilt Yemata, Email
| | - Aragaw Tesfaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Mihret
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Mulu Tiruneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Zebader Walle
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetie Molla
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Sisay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Fitalew Tadele Admassu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Eyaya Habtie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Desalagn
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Shimels
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Teshome
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Kurra NC, Sriram K, Gandrakota N, Nagarajan JS, Khasnavis S, Ramakrishnan M, Dalal S, Irfan SA, Khan S, JK H, Patel D, Samudrala G. Frontliners on the Move: A Quantitative Analysis of the Prevalence of COVID-19 Reinfection Among Healthcare Workers. Cureus 2022; 14:e24652. [PMID: 35663721 PMCID: PMC9155986 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to review relevant articles and demonstrate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection among healthcare workers (HCWs). A systemic search was conducted on PubMed and Medline from their inception to July 17, 2021. All statistical analyses were conducted using ReviewManager 5.4.1. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were selected: (a) articles having HCWs with COVID-19; (b) studies describing reinfection of COVID-19; and (c) articles having a defined number of patients and controls. Three studies were selected for meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the cohort studies. NOS scores of 1-5 were considered high risk for bias, scores of 6-7 were deemed moderate, and scores >7 were considered low risk for bias. A random-effect model was used when heterogeneity was seen to pool the studies, and the results were reported in inverse variance (IV) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Pooled prevalence of reinfection of COVID-19 in HCWs was 3% (OR: 0.03 [-0.04, 0.01]; p=0.44; I2=4%). A non-significant prevalence was found among the healthcare professionals in terms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection in Europe. The preformed antibodies were protective against reinfection. However, the waning of antibodies with respect to time was evident, varying differently in different individuals, thereby resulting in reinfection.
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211
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Patil VA, R SP, L K S, Holyachi R, Das KK, T K V. Efficacy of BAINS Circuit in Treating Critically Ill Hypoxemic COVID-19 Patients During the Second Wave of the Pandemic in India. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2022; 17:86-91. [PMID: 35260062 DOI: 10.2174/1574887117666220308093306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged doctors to look for novel ways of treating patients with respiratory failure due to the limited availability of ventilators and highflow nasal cannula. The study aims to assess the efficacy of using the Bains circuit as an alternative to HFNC and NIV as life-saving tools in patients with respiratory failure during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. METHODS This is a prospective interventional study carried out in the intensive care unit of Shri B.M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur, India, from May 2021 to June 2021. All patients (n=90) with respiratory failure not responding to therapy with an oxygen mask were included. Patients were placed on Bain circuits, one end connected to a non-invasive ventilation mask fitted to the face of the patients, and the other end connected to a central oxygen port. Patients' vital parameters were assessed on an hourly basis. The blood gas analyses were done before and after using Bains. RESULTS The study showed diabetes (33.4%), hypertension (22.2%), and diabetes with hypertension (11.1%) as comorbid factors among the ICU admitted patients. The results from the arterial blood gas analyses showed a statistically significant increase in Sp02 (%) and a decrease in respiratory rate (cycles/min) in the patients after being kept on Bains (p<0.05). Further, it showed that 72% of ICU patients with 70-79% Sp02 had a recovery by using Bains. The overall outcome of ICU admitted COVID-19 patients on Bains showed that 38.9% of patients improved and were shifted to 02/NRBM masks. CONCLUSION The study highlights a novel concept of using the Bains circuit as an effective alternative to HFNC and NIV for oxygenation in critically ill COVID-19 patients during scarcity of NIV and HFNC at the peak of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya A Patil
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Saikrishna Prasad R
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivanand L K
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Renuka Holyachi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaykumar T K
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
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Mostafa-Hedeab G, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Welson NN, El-Saber Batiha G, Conte-Junior CA. Selinexor and COVID-19: The Neglected Warden. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:884228. [PMID: 35559257 PMCID: PMC9086449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.884228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the cause of the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Different repurposed drugs have been trialed and used in the management of COVID-19. One of these agents was the anti-cancer Selinexor (SXR). SXR is an anti-cancer drug that acts by inhibition of nuclear exportin-1 (XPO1), which inhibits transport of nuclear proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, leading to the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. XPO1 inhibitors had antiviral effects, mainly against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. SXR inhibits transport of SARS-CoV-2 nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm with further inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. SXR has the ability to prevent the development of a cytokine storm in COVID-19 by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the augmentation release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with activation of XPO1, leading to the triggering of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Inhibition of XPO1 by Selinexor (SXR), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), can reduce the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and associated inflammatory disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Jouf, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nermeen N. Welson, ; Gaber El-Saber Batiha,
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nermeen N. Welson, ; Gaber El-Saber Batiha,
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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213
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Guevara‐Pulido J, Jiménez RA, Morantes SJ, Jaramillo DN, Acosta‐Guzmán P. Design, Synthesis, and Development of 4‐[(7‐Chloroquinoline‐4‐yl)amino]phenol as a Potential SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro Inhibitor. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7:e202200125. [PMID: 35601684 PMCID: PMC9111044 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of chloroquine analogs were designed to search for a less toxic chloroquine derivative as a potential SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro inhibitor. Herein, an ANN‐based QSAR model was built to predict the IC50 values of each analog using the experimental values of other 4‐aminoquinolines as the training set. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to evaluate each analog's binding affinity to Mpro. The analog that showed the greatest affinity and lowest IC50 values was synthesized and characterized for its posterior incorporation into a polycaprolactone‐based nanoparticulate system. After characterizing the loaded nanoparticles, an in vitro drug release assay was carried out, and the cytotoxicity of the analog and loaded nanoparticles was evaluated using murine fibroblast (L929) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines. Results show that the synthesized analog is much less toxic than chloroquine and that the nanoparticulate system allowed for the prolonged release of the analog without evidence of adverse effects on the cell lines used; therefore, suggesting that the analog could be a potential therapeutic option for COVID‐19.
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Chryseobacterium Indologenes Sepsis and Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in a Confirmed COVID-19 Patient. Case Rep Crit Care 2022; 2022:7946158. [PMID: 35433055 PMCID: PMC9008491 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7946158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis due to nosocomial pathogens markedly increases morbidity and mortality in the critically ill patient. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the number of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) in-patient management. Chryseobacterium indologenes (C. indologenes) is a group of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria associated with in-hospital environment and catheter-associated infections of increasing importance in the ICU. SARS-CoV-2 severe infection in the critically ill patient increases the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and acute kidney injury (AKI). We hereby report a case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 severe infection, C. indologenes sepsis, abdominal compartment syndrome, and secondary renal failure.
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215
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Basheikh M. Reactive Arthritis After COVID-19: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e24096. [PMID: 35573487 PMCID: PMC9106556 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 43-year-old healthy male was diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19. Soon after recovery, he experienced severe back pain, bilateral red eye, and a new penile lesion. He was diagnosed with reactive arthritis, given he presented with arthritis, conjunctivitis, and balanitis. The patient was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a short course of systemic steroids, and a local steroid cream on the penile lesion, followed by a local antifungal cream for two months. The patient responded well to the treatment and returned to his usual life activities.
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216
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Huang Z, Chavda VP, Vora LK, Gajjar N, Apostolopoulos V, Shah N, Chen ZS. 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and its Derivatives for the COVID-19 Treatment: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899633. [PMID: 35496298 PMCID: PMC9041304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment choices for the “severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)” are inadequate, having no clarity on efficacy and safety profiles. Currently, no established intervention has lowered the mortality rate in the “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)” patients. Recently, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has evaluated as a polypharmacological agent for COVID-19 therapy owing to its influence on the glycolytic pathway, interaction with viral proteins, and anti-inflammatory action. In May 2020, the Indian drug regulatory authority approved 2-DG as an emergency adjunct therapy in mild to severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies of 2-DG corroborate that it aids in faster recovery of hospitalized patients and decreases supplemental oxygen. Herein, we describe the development process, synthesis, mechanism of viral eradication, and preclinical and clinical development of 2-DG and its derivatives as molecularly targeted therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| | - Normi Gajjar
- PharmD Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
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217
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Lapić I, Radić Antolic M, Horvat I, Premužić V, Palić J, Rogić D, Zadro R. Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors with disease severity in COVID-19 patients: a pilot study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3669-3675. [PMID: 35415903 PMCID: PMC9088581 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the association of 16 polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors with COVID‐19 disease severity: FV G1691A, FV H1299R, FII G20210A, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298, factor XIII V34L, PAI‐1 4G/5G, EPCR haplotypes (A1/A2/A3), eNOS −786 T > C, eNOS G894T, LTA C804A, ACE I/D, ITGB3 PIA1/A2, ITGA2B Baka/b, β‐Fbg −455 G > A and ApoB R3500Q. The study included 30 patients with severe COVID‐19 and 49 non‐severe COVID‐19 patients. All studied polymorphisms except ITGA2B Baka/b were determined using multilocus genotyping assays CVD StripAssays (ViennaLab Diagnostics), while ITGA2B was genotyped using a real‐time PCR method based on TaqMan technology. A higher frequency of carriers of at least one ITGB3 PIA2 allele was found in severe COVID‐19 patients (p = 0.009). The distribution of genotypes was significantly different for ß‐Fbg −455 G > A (p = 0.042), with only three homozygous AA genotypes found among severe COVID‐19 patients. The association with an increased risk for severe COVID‐19 was found for ITGB3, with carriers of at least one ITGB3 PIA2 allele having a 3.5‐fold greater risk of severe COVID‐19 (p = 0.011). Genotype distribution differences were obtained for the combinations of FV H1299R and FXIII V34L (p = 0.026), ITGB3 PIA1/A2 and ITGA2B Baka/b (p = 0.024), and ACE I/D and PAI‐1 4G/5G (p = 0.046). ITGB3 polymorphism emerged as an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 and homozygosity for ß‐Fbg −455 G > A mutation could contribute to disease severity. The combined effect of polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors could further contribute to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lapić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Ivana Horvat
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Vedran Premužić
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and TransplantationUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Jozefina Palić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Renata Zadro
- Medical Biochemistry LaboratorySt Catherine Specialty HospitalZagrebCroatia
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Munipalli B, Seim L, Dawson NL, Knight D, Dabrh AMA. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a meta-narrative review of pathophysiology, prevalence, and management. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 4:90. [PMID: 35402784 PMCID: PMC8977184 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-022-01167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 220 countries and territories have been affected by this virus, and the infection rate has continued to rise. As patients recover from the virus, many are experiencing lingering symptoms. Understanding the impact of demographics and comorbidities on symptom prevalence, manifestations, and severity is not only relevant during acute infection, it is critical to the clinical management of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, also known as PASC. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the most recent research related to PASC. Specifically, we focus on the description of the disorder itself, compared to acute COVID-19, and which types of patients are most affected by long-term sequelae. Further, we share recommendations for management of the most common complications of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Munipalli
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224-1865 USA
| | - Lynsey Seim
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Nancy L Dawson
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Dacre Knight
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224-1865 USA
| | - Abd Moain Abu Dabrh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224-1865 USA.,Integrative Medicine and Health, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL USA
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Andries J, Viranaicken W, Cordonin C, Herrscher C, Planesse C, Roquebert B, Lagrange-Xelot M, El-Kalamouni C, Meilhac O, Mavingui P, Couret D, Gadea G, Despres P. The SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 616/644 and 1138/1169 delineate two antibody epitopes in COVID-19 mRNA COMINARTY vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5999. [PMID: 35397679 PMCID: PMC8994064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19. Considerable efforts have been devoted for the development of effective vaccine strategies against COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been identified as the major antigen candidate for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine comirnaty is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding a full-length and prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In the present study, synthetic peptide-based ELISA assays were performed to identify linear B-cell epitopes into the spike protein that contribute to elicitation of antibody response in comirnaty-vaccinated individuals. The synthetic S2P6 peptide containing the spike residues 1138/1169 and to a lesser extent, the synthetic S1P4 peptide containing the spike residues 616/644 were recognized by the immune sera from comirnaty vaccine recipients but not COVID-19 recovered patients. We assume that the synthetic S2P6 peptide and to a lesser extent the synthetic S1P4 peptide, could be of interest to measure the dynamic of antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The S2P6 peptide has been identified as immunogenic in adult BALB/c mice that received protein-peptide conjugates in a prime-boost schedule. This raises the question on the role of the B-cell epitope peptide containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 1138/1169 in protective efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine comirnaty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andries
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Colette Cordonin
- Plate-Forme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Charline Herrscher
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1188, Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DeTROI), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Bénédicte Roquebert
- Laboratoire CERBA, Parc d'activités « Les Béthunes », 95310, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône, France
| | - Marie Lagrange-Xelot
- Centre Hospitalier Felix Guyon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-La Réunion, 97000, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Chaker El-Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1188, Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DeTROI), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1188, Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DeTROI), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-La Réunion, 97410, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,IRCM, U1194, MetaSarc Team, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Despres
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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Islam MA, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Hossen F, Reza M, Barua A, Marzan AA, Das T, Kumar Baral S, He C, Ahmed F, Bhattacharya P, Jakariya M. A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837290. [PMID: 35371007 PMCID: PMC8965011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on the market, researchers and many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard to develop a fully functional vaccine or more effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Other efforts, in addition to functional vaccines, can help strengthen the immune system to defeat the corona virus infection. Herein, we have reviewed some of those proven measures, following which a more efficient immune system can be better prepared to fight viral infection. Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables and fruits offer a plentiful of vitamins and antioxidants, enabling to build of a healthy immune system. While the pharmacologically active components of medicinal plants directly aid in fighting against viral infection, supplementary supplements combined with a healthy diet will assist to regulate the immune system and will prevent viral infection. In addition, some personal habits, like- regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, and adequate sleep, had also been proven to aid the immune system in becoming an efficient one. Maintaining each of these will strengthen the immune system, allowing innate immunity to become a more defensive and active antagonistic mechanism against corona-virus infection. However, because dietary treatments take longer to produce beneficial effects in adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot be expected to have an immediate impact on the global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahin Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abanti Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research@KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Haskologlu IC, Erdag E, Sayiner S, Abacioglu N, Sehirli AO. Melatonin and REGN-CoV2 combination as a vaccine adjuvant for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4061-4068. [PMID: 35389130 PMCID: PMC8986966 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The omicron variant (B.529) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in late 2021, caused panic worldwide due to its contagiousness and multiple mutations in the spike protein compared to the Delta variant (B.617.2). There is currently no specific antiviral available to treat Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, studies on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) developed to fight COVID-19 are growing and gaining traction. REGN-COV2 (Regeneron or imdevimab-casirivimab combination), which has been shown in recent studies to be less affected by Omicron's RBD (receptor binding domain) mutations among other mAb cocktails, plays an important role in adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. On the other hand, it is known that melatonin, which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, can prevent a possible cytokine storm, and other severe symptoms that may develop in the event of viral invasion. Along with all these findings, we believe it is crucial to evaluate the use of melatonin with REGN-COV2, a cocktail of mAbs, as an adjuvant in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, particularly in immunocompromised and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Erdag
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Serkan Sayiner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Animal Hospital, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nurettin Abacioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Ozer Sehirli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Pisetsky DS, Winthrop KL. In the shadow of antibodies: how T cells defend against COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:757-759. [PMID: 35393270 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Department of Medicine and Immunology and Medical Research Service, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Ali M, Shiwani HA, Elfaki MY, Hamid M, Pharithi R, Kamgang R, Egom CB, Oyono JLE, Egom EEA. COVID-19 and myocarditis: a review of literature. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:23. [PMID: 35380300 PMCID: PMC8980789 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis has been discovered to be a significant complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. COVID-19 myocarditis seems to have distinct inflammatory characteristics, which make it unique to other viral etiologies. The incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis is still not clear as a wide range of figures have been quoted in the literature; however, it seems that the risk of developing myocarditis increases with more severe infection. Furthermore, the administration of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has been associated with the development of myocarditis, particularly after the second dose. COVID-19 myocarditis has a wide variety of presentations, ranging from dyspnea and chest pain to acute heart failure and possibly death. It is important to catch any cases of myocarditis, particularly those presenting with fulminant myocarditis which can be characterized by signs of heart failure and arrythmias. Initial work up for suspected myocarditis should include serial troponins and electrocardiograms. If myocardial damage is detected in these tests, further screening should be carried out. Cardiac magnetic resonance imagining and endomyocardial biopsy are the most useful tests for myocarditis. Treatment for COVID-19 myocarditis is still controversial; however, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in combination may be effective, particularly in cases of fulminant myocarditis. Overall, the incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis requires further research, while the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in conjunction requires large randomized controlled trials to determine their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK.
| | | | | | - Moaz Hamid
- Birmingham Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rene Kamgang
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jean Louis Essame Oyono
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Eroume-A Egom
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (ISM), Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada
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Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:351-371. [PMID: 35187954 PMCID: PMC8884157 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a lethal virus outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has severely affected human lives and the global economy. The most vital part of the research and development of therapeutic agents is to design drug products to manage COVID-19 efficiently. Numerous attempts have been in place to determine the optimal drug dose and combination of drugs to treat the disease on a global scale. This article documents the information available on SARS-CoV-2 and its life cycle, which will aid in the development of the potential treatment options. A consolidated summary of several natural and repurposed drugs to manage COVID-19 is depicted with summary of current vaccine development. People with high age, comorbity and concomitant illnesses such as overweight, metabolic disorders, pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, renal failure, fatty liver and neoplastic disorders are more prone to create serious COVID-19 and its consequences. This article also presents an overview of post-COVID-19 complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, K B Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India
| | - Carron Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Riddhi Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
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225
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The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1936-1944. [PMID: 35136227 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The world population is getting older and studies aiming to enhance our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms responsible for health span are of utmost interest for longevity and as a measure for health care. In this review, we summarized previous genetic association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of elderly cohorts. We also present the updated hypothesis for the aging process, together with the factors associated with healthy aging. We discuss the relevance of studying older individuals and build databanks to characterize the presence and resistance against late-onset disorders. The identification of about 2 million novel variants in our cohort of more than 1000 elderly Brazilians illustrates the importance of studying highly admixed populations of non-European ancestry. Finally, the ascertainment of nonagenarians and particularly of centenarians who were recovered from COVID-19 or remained asymptomatic opens new avenues of research aiming to enhance our comprehension of biological mechanisms associated with resistance against pathogens.
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Ahirwar AK, Takhelmayum R, Sakarde A, Rathod BD, Jha PK, Kumawat R, Gopal N. The study of serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer in COVID-19: a retrospective study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:337-344. [PMID: 35357792 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cut off values for serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ferritin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and plasma D-dimer could be of profound help in detecting COVID-19 patients at risk of adverse outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the cut off values of the serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Four hundred RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19 were sub divided into two groups based on their outcome during hospitalisation. Group I consisted of survivors and Group II consisted of non-survivors. The survivors were further divided into three sub-groups: mild, moderate and severe based on the severity of infection. The laboratory data of serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer for all these patients was retrieved from the Medical Record Section of the Hospital. RESULTS Mean serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer levels were significantly higher in non-survivors as compared to survivors of COVID-19. The levels of these biomarkers correlated with the severity of COVID-19 illness. ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma D-dimer is having a better predictive value as compared to other parameters in predicting mortality in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer levels could be used in risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. The optimum cut off given by the current study could be considered in predicting adverse outcome in these patients. Amongst the many studied biomarkers, plasma D-dimer might be the best early biomarker to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Roshan Takhelmayum
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
| | - Apurva Sakarde
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
| | - Bharatsing Deorao Rathod
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
| | - Puja Kumari Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Rajani Kumawat
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Niranjan Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
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Mallis P, Chatzistamatiou T, Dimou Z, Sarri EF, Georgiou E, Salagianni M, Triantafyllia V, Andreakos E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy against COVID-19: Promising evidence from in vitro results. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:47-65. [PMID: 35432769 PMCID: PMC8966500 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which was initiated in December 2019. COVID-19 is characterized by a low mortality rate (< 6%); however, this percentage is higher in elderly people and patients with underlying disorders. COVID-19 is characterized by mild to severe outcomes. Currently, several therapeutic strategies are evaluated, such as the use of anti-viral drugs, prophylactic treatment, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccination. Advanced cellular therapies are also investigated, thus representing an additional therapeutic tool for clinicians. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known for their immunoregulatory properties, may halt the induced cytokine release syndrome mediated by SARS-CoV-2, and can be considered as a potential stem cell therapy.
AIM To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs, upon stimulation with COVID-19 patient serum.
METHODS MSCs derived from the human Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) tissue and bone marrow (BM) were isolated, cryopreserved, expanded, and defined according to the criteria outlined by the International Society for Cellular Therapies. Then, WJ and BM-MSCs were stimulated with a culture medium containing 15% COVID-19 patient serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% L-glutamine for 48 h. The quantification of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor a (Ra), IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was performed using commercial ELISA kits. The expression of HLA-G1, G5, and G7 was evaluated in unstimulated and stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs. Finally, the interactions between MSCs and patients’ macrophages were established using co-culture experiments.
RESULTS Thawed WJ and BM-MSCs exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, successfully differentiated to “osteocytes”, “adipocytes”, and “chondrocytes”, and in flow cytometric analysis were characterized by positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105 (> 95%) and negativity for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (< 2%). Moreover, stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs were characterized by increased cytoplasmic granulation, in comparison to unstimulated cells. The HLA-G isoforms (G1, G5, and G7) were successfully expressed by the unstimulated and stimulated WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, only weak expression of HLA-G1 was identified in BM-MSCs. Stimulated MSCs secreted high levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β1, FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and IDO in comparison to unstimulated cells (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. Finally, macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients successfully adapted the M2 phenotype after co-culturing with stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs.
CONCLUSION WJ and BM-MSCs successfully produced high levels of immunoregulatory agents, which may efficiently modulate the over-activated immune responses of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Zetta Dimou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eirini-Faidra Sarri
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgiou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Moreno S, Alcázar B, Dueñas C, González del Castillo J, Olalla J, Antela A. Use of Antivirals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Critical Review of the Role of Remdesivir. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:827-841. [PMID: 35370401 PMCID: PMC8965332 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s356951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this report is to review the literature and shed light on the uncertainties surrounding the use of antiviral agents in general and remdesivir in COVID-19 patients. This review evaluated a battery of antiviral compounds and their effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic. Remdesivir is the only antiviral approved by the EMA and FDA for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This work extensively reviews remdesivir data generated from clinical trials and observational studies, paying attention to the most recent data, and focusing on outcomes to give readers a more comprehensive understanding of the results. This review also discusses the recommendations issued by official bodies during the pandemic in the light of the current knowledge. The use of remdesivir in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is justified because a virus is the causative agent that triggers the inflammatory responses and its consequences. More trials are needed to improve the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardino Alcázar
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Dueñas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Julián Olalla
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
| | - Antonio Antela
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Aliasin MM, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Neurological and neuropsychological adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - where do we stand? Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:721-743. [PMID: 35334195 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The devastating characteristic of COVID-19 pandemic calls for immediate and effective solutions to tackle it. Vaccines seem to be the only promising and effective way to fight against the novel coronavirus - even against new mutated variants. Because of the rapid development and distribution of numerous COVID-19 vaccines in different platforms, meticulous evaluation of vaccines' safety is more critical than ever - especially given the fact that most of the candidates have not completed the clinical phase. Therefore, to optimize the vaccines' safety and efficacy, it is highly important to carefully report and scientifically discuss the serious adverse effects following vaccination. In this respect, we discuss different neurological and neuropsychological adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines including demyelinating diseases, Bell's palsy (BP), cerebrovascular complications, seizures, functional neurological disorders (FNDs), and some other rare adverse events, and hypothetical mechanisms which can lead to the reported side effects. Given the fact that the incidence of such events are rare and most of them are treatable, the current review aims to shed light on how much the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and these complications can be reliable and provide an insight for future studies with much more meticulous methodologies to discuss the possible correlational or causal relationship between these complications and COVID-19 vaccines and elucidate whether or not the neurological side effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines can count as a considerable threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Aliasin
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14177 55331 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran
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Singh M, Barrera Adame O, Nickas M, Robison J, Khatchadourian C, Venketaraman V. Type 2 Diabetes Contributes to Altered Adaptive Immune Responses and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833355. [PMID: 35401518 PMCID: PMC8986985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which initially emerged in November of 2019, wreaked havoc across the globe by leading to clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome and continues to evade current therapies today due to mutating strains. Diabetes mellitus is considered an important risk factor for progression to severe COVID disease and death, therefore additional research is warranted in this group. Individuals with diabetes at baseline have an underlying inflammatory state with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, both of which cause these individuals to have higher susceptibility to SARS- CoV2 infection. The detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 has been attributed to its ability to induce a vast cell mediated immune response leading to a surge in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This paper will be exploring the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology in individuals with diabetes and insulin resistance making them more prone to have worse outcomes after SARS- CoV2 infection, and to propose an adjunctive therapy to help combat the cytokine surge seen in COVID-19. It will also look at the immunomodulatory effects of glutathione, an antioxidant shown to reduce immune dysregulation in other diseases; Vitamin D, which has been shown to prevent COVID-19 patients from requiring more intensive care time possibly due to its ability to decrease the expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines; and steroids, which have been used as immune modulators despite their ability to exacerbate hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Obed Barrera Adame
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Nickas
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jeremiah Robison
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Khatchadourian
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vishwanath Venketaraman,
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Morão B, Revés JB, Nascimento C, Loureiro R, Glória L, Palmela C. Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in a Critically Ill Patient with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Possibly Emergent Entity during the Current Global Pandemic. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 27:1-6. [PMID: 35528723 PMCID: PMC9059009 DOI: 10.1159/000521758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman without previous history of hepatobiliary disease was admitted to the intensive care unit due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Admission blood tests revealed impending hyperinflammation in the context of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. She required 12 days of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support. After admission, liver function tests became deranged in a cholestatic pattern and continued to worsen despite overall clinical improvement. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed liver abscesses, intrahepatic bile duct dilation with multiple strictures and some linear repletion defects at the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, biliary casts were retrieved confirming the diagnosis of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in the critically ill patient triggered by a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Other causes of cholestasis and secondary sclerosing cholangitis were properly excluded. We present an illustrative case and discuss the current literature, focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infection contribution to the development of this potentially underdiagnosed and severe condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Morão
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rui Loureiro
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Glória
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Carolina Palmela
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
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232
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Is the "Family Glass Cabin" Useful to Safely Allow Inpatient-Caregiver Interaction in the COVID-19 Era? A Pilot Study on Severe Acquired Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061623. [PMID: 35329947 PMCID: PMC8950736 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is a life-changing event that can have a devastating impact on all aspects of a person’s functioning. Patients with ABI present several behavioral problems that have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the role of a “Family Glass Cabin” (FGC) both in improving cognitive function and communicative abilities of people with ABI and in potentiating the mental health of their caregivers. Fifteen subjects affected by ABI and their caregivers were enrolled in this experimental study. Training was performed through the FGC and was based on either psychoeducational sessions for the caregivers or cognitive stimulations for the patients. The participants attended biweekly meetings for 12 consecutive weeks. Each participant was assessed by means of a complete psychometric and clinical battery, before (T0) and after (T1) the training. We found significant changes in all patients’ outcomes, including global cognitive function and communication abilities (p < 0.01), as well as an improvement in caregivers’ well-being. Our data suggest that the physical presence of the caregiver in the rehabilitation setting, using a safe setting such as the FGC, can be a valuable means to increase ABI patients’ functional recovery and reduce caregivers’ anxiety and emotional burden.
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Martinez-Fierro ML, González-Fuentes C, Cid-Guerrero D, González Delgado S, Carrillo-Martínez S, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Calzada-Luévano JY, Rocha-Pizaña MR, Martínez-Rendón J, Castañeda-López ME, Garza-Veloz I. Radiological Findings Increased the Successful of COVID-19 Diagnosis in Hospitalized Patients Suspected of Respiratory Viral Infection but with a Negative First SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Result. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:687. [PMID: 35328241 PMCID: PMC8946968 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19 and may evolve from asymptomatic disease to fatal outcomes. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening is the gold standard to diagnose severe accurate respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but this test is not 100% accurate, as false negatives can occur. We aimed to evaluate the potential false-negative results in hospitalized patients suspected of viral respiratory disease but with a negative previous SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and analyze variables that may increase the success of COVID-19 diagnosis in this group of patients. A total of 55 hospitalized patients suspected of viral respiratory disease but with a previous negative RT-PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 were included. All the participants had clinical findings related to COVID-19 and underwent a second SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Chest-computed axial tomography (CT) was used as an auxiliary tool for COVID-19 diagnosis. After the second test, 36 patients (65.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group), and 19 patients (34.5%) were negative (controls). There were differences between the groups in the platelet count and the levels of D-dimer, procalcitonin, and glucose (p < 0.05). Chest CT scans categorized as COVID-19 Reporting and Data System 5 (CO-RADS 5) were more frequent in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (91.7% vs. 52.6%; p = 0.003). CO-RADS 5 remained an independent predictor of COVID-19 diagnosis in a second SARS-CoV-2 screening (p = 0.013; odds ratio = 7.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5−32.7). In conclusion, chest CT classified as CO-RADS 5 was an independent predictor of a positive second SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, increasing the odds of COVID-19 diagnosis by seven times. Based on our results, in hospitalized patients with a chest CT classified as CO-RADS 5, a second SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test should be mandatory when the first one is negative. This approach could increase SARS-CoV-2 detection up to 65% and could allow for isolation and treatment, thus improving the patient outcome and avoiding further contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Carolina González-Fuentes
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
- Hospital General “Luz González Cosío”, Circuito Ciudad Gobierno, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (D.C.-G.); (E.F.G.-V.)
| | - Dagoberto Cid-Guerrero
- Hospital General “Luz González Cosío”, Circuito Ciudad Gobierno, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (D.C.-G.); (E.F.G.-V.)
| | - Samantha González Delgado
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Santiago Carrillo-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
- Hospital General “Luz González Cosío”, Circuito Ciudad Gobierno, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (D.C.-G.); (E.F.G.-V.)
| | | | - Juan Yadid Calzada-Luévano
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
- Hospital General “Luz González Cosío”, Circuito Ciudad Gobierno, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (D.C.-G.); (E.F.G.-V.)
| | - Maria R. Rocha-Pizaña
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Puebla, Puebla 72453, Mexico;
| | - Jacqueline Martínez-Rendón
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Maria E. Castañeda-López
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (C.G.-F.); (S.G.D.); (S.C.-M.); (J.Y.C.-L.); (J.M.-R.); (M.E.C.-L.)
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Rudhart SA, Günther F, Dapper L, Stuck BA, Hoch S. UV-C Light-Based Surface Disinfection: Analysis of Its Virucidal Efficacy Using a Bacteriophage Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063246. [PMID: 35328933 PMCID: PMC8950158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The reprocessing of medical devices has become more complex due to increasing hygiene requirements. Previous studies showed satisfactory bactericidal disinfection effects of UV-C light in rigid and flexible endoscopes. Especially in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, virucidal properties are of high importance. In the present study, the virucidal efficacy of UV-C light surface disinfection was analyzed. Methods: MS-2 bacteriophages were applied to the test samples and irradiated by UV-C light using the UV Smart D25 device; unirradiated test samples were used as controls. A dilution series of the samples was mixed with 1 × 108 Escherichia coli and assayed. Results: 8.6 × 1012 pfu could be harvested from the unprocessed test samples. In the control group without UV-C exposure, a remaining contamination of 1.2 × 1012 pfu was detected, resulting in a procedural baseline reduction rate with a LOG10 reduction factor of 0.72. The LOG10 reduction factor was found to be 3.0 after 25 s of UV-C light exposure. After 50 and 75 s of UV-C radiation LOG10 reduction factors 4.2 and 5.9, respectively, were found, with all reductions being statistically significantly different to baseline. Conclusions: The tested UV system seems to provide a significant virucidal effect after a relatively short irradiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Rudhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.A.R.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Frank Günther
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Dapper
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Boris A. Stuck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.A.R.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Stephan Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.A.R.); (B.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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235
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Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060922. [PMID: 35326373 PMCID: PMC8946710 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged late December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and has since spread rapidly all over the world causing a global pandemic. While the respiratory system is the primary target of disease manifestation, COVID-19 has been shown to also affect several other organs, making it a rather complex, multi-system disease. As such, cardiovascular involvement has been a topic of discussion since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to early reports of excessive myocardial injury in these patients. Treating physicians are faced with multiple challenges in the management and early triage of patients with COVID-19, as disease severity is highly variable ranging from an asymptomatic infection to critical cases rapidly deteriorating to intensive care treatment or even fatality. Laboratory biomarkers provide important prognostic information which can guide decision making in the emergency department, especially in patients with atypical presentations. Several cardiac biomarkers, most notably high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), have emerged as valuable predictors of prognosis in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this review was to offer a concise summary on prognostic cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 and discuss whether routine measurements of these biomarkers are warranted upon hospital admission.
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236
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Cognitive, EEG, and MRI features of COVID-19 survivors: a 10-month study. J Neurol 2022; 269:3400-3412. [PMID: 35249144 PMCID: PMC8898558 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives To explore cognitive, EEG, and MRI features in COVID-19 survivors up to 10 months after hospital discharge. Methods Adult patients with a recent diagnosis of COVID-19 and reporting subsequent cognitive complaints underwent neuropsychological assessment and 19-channel-EEG within 2 months (baseline, N = 49) and 10 months (follow-up, N = 33) after hospital discharge. A brain MRI was obtained for 36 patients at baseline. Matched healthy controls were included. Using eLORETA, EEG regional current densities and linear lagged connectivity values were estimated. Total brain and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumes were measured. Clinical and instrumental data were evaluated between patients and controls at baseline, and within patient whole group and with/without dysgeusia/hyposmia subgroups over time. Correlations among findings at each timepoint were computed. Results At baseline, 53% and 28% of patients showed cognitive and psychopathological disturbances, respectively, with executive dysfunctions correlating with acute-phase respiratory distress. Compared to healthy controls, patients also showed higher regional current density and connectivity at delta band, correlating with executive performances, and greater WMH load, correlating with verbal memory deficits. A reduction of cognitive impairment and delta band EEG connectivity were observed over time, while psychopathological symptoms persisted. Patients with acute dysgeusia/hyposmia showed lower improvement at memory tests than those without. Lower EEG delta band at baseline predicted worse cognitive functioning at follow-up. Discussion COVID-19 patients showed interrelated cognitive, EEG, and MRI abnormalities 2 months after hospital discharge. Cognitive and EEG findings improved at 10 months. Dysgeusia and hyposmia during acute COVID-19 were related with increased vulnerability in memory functions over time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11047-5.
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Canale MP, Menghini R, Martelli E, Federici M. COVID-19-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction and Microvascular Injury: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2022; 14:21-28. [PMID: 35221082 PMCID: PMC8556628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) affects more people than previous coronavirus infections and has a higher mortality. Higher incidence and mortality can probably be explained by COVID-19 causative agent's greater affinity (about 10-20 times) for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor compared with other coronaviruses. Here, the authors first summarize clinical manifestations, then present symptoms of COVID-19 and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying specific organ/system disease. The worse clinical outcome observed in COVID-19 patients with diabetes may be in part related to the increased ADAM17 activity and its unbalanced interplay with ACE2. Therefore, strategies aimed to inhibit ADAM17 activity may be explored to develop new effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Canale
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martelli
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery "P. Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Vascular Surgery, S. Anna and S. Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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238
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Kirtipal N, Kumar S, Dubey SK, Dwivedi VD, Gireesh Babu K, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Understanding on the possible routes for SARS CoV-2 invasion via ACE2 in the host linked with multiple organs damage. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105254. [PMID: 35217145 PMCID: PMC8863418 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), accountable for causing the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), is already declared as a pandemic disease globally. Like previously reported SARS-CoV strain, the novel SARS-CoV-2 also initiates the viral pathogenesis via docking viral spike-protein with the membranal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - a receptor on variety of cells in the human body. Therefore, COVID-19 is broadly characterized as a disease that targets multiple organs, particularly causing acute complications via organ-specific pathogenesis accompanied by destruction of ACE2+ cells, including alveolus, cardiac microvasculature, endothelium, and glomerulus. Under such circumstances, the high expression of ACE2 in predisposing individuals associated with anomalous production of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may promote enhanced viral load in COVID-19, which comparatively triggers excessive apoptosis. Furthermore, multi-organ injuries were found linked to altered ACE2 expression and inequality between the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mitochondrial Ang system (MAS) and renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in COVID-19 patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of multi-organ damage in COVID-19 is still obscure, but several perspectives have been postulated, involving altered ACE2 expression linked with direct/indirect damages by the virus-induced immune responses, such as cytokinin storm. Thus, insights into the invasion of a virus with respect to ACE2 expression site can be helpful to simulate or understand the possible complications in the targeted organ during viral infection. Hence, this review summarizes the multiple organs invasion by SARS CoV-2 linked with ACE2 expression and their consequences, which can be helpful in the management of the COVID-19 pathogenesis under life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India.
| | - K Gireesh Babu
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, India.
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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239
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The Role of Nutrients in Prevention, Treatment and Post-Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051000. [PMID: 35267974 PMCID: PMC8912782 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, infecting human cells via its spike protein, causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia and is sometimes fatal. Unfortunately, to date, there is still no definite therapy to treat COVID-19. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved only supportive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to maintain a correct intake of nutrients to support very weakened patients in overcoming disease arose. The literature available on nutrient intake for COVID-19 is mainly focused on prevention. However, the safe intake of micro- and/or macro-nutrients can be useful either for preventing infection and supporting the immune response during COVID-19, as well as in the post-acute phase, i.e., “long COVID”, that is sometimes characterized by the onset of various long lasting and disabling symptoms. The aim of this review is to focus on the role of nutrient intake during all the different phases of the disease, including prevention, the acute phase, and finally long COVID.
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de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, Fiestas Solórzano VE, de Lourdes Martins M, Fernandes-Santos C, Damasco PH, de Siqueira MAMT, Dias HG, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Damasco PV, de Azeredo EL. Comparative Analysis of Circulating Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Inflammatory Mediators in Healthcare Workers and COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030455. [PMID: 35336861 PMCID: PMC8955649 DOI: 10.3390/v14030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 have been acquired; however, the host factors that could explain the mild and severe forms of the disease are not fully understood. Thus, we proposed to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the inflammatory response of different groups of individuals, including healthcare workers (HCW), sick and dead COVID-19 patients and also recovered patients to contribute to this knowledge gap. Our objective is to relate the clinical evolution of these individuals with the level of detection and functionality of specific antibodies and with the production of inflammatory mediators. As main findings, IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 were detected in asymptomatic HCW. IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were higher in symptomatic HCWs than patients with COVID-19 and those who died. Patients who died had higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, and CCL2/MCP-1. We found an imbalance between antiviral and pro-inflammatory mediators in the groups, in which IFN-γ and TNF-α seem to be more associated with protection and IL-6 and CCL2/MCP-1 with pathology. Our work is pioneering the Brazilian population and corroborates data from people from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Victor Edgar Fiestas Solórzano
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Martins
- Rede Casa Hospital Rio Laranjeiras e Rio Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil; (M.d.L.M.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Paula Hesselberg Damasco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 242010-240, Brazil;
| | | | - Helver Gonçalves Dias
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.A.M.T.d.S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Paulo Vieira Damasco
- Rede Casa Hospital Rio Laranjeiras e Rio Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil; (M.d.L.M.); (P.V.D.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (V.E.F.S.); (C.F.-S.); (H.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1755
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Gajendra S. Spectrum of hematological changes in COVID-19. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2022; 12:43-53. [PMID: 35291254 PMCID: PMC8918700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by pathogenic and highly transmissible Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is a single stranded RNA virus. It rapidly emerged from an epidemic to a global pandemic form spreading in alarming levels. The pathogenesis involving spike protein which is present on the viral surface, plays a key role in host attachment and penetration. SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly affects respiratory system, but may involve other systems including haematopoietic system and homeostasis. Aim of the review article is to discuss spectrum of haematological changes in the blood counts, coagulation, peripheral blood and bone marrow in COVID-19 for complete understanding the disease process, the knowledge of which is helpful in early diagnosis and management of these patients. An extensive immune profiling of B and T cell population with analysis of spectrum of immune changes during the period of infection were also discussed. In COVID-19, changes in laboratory parameters and hematologic abnormalities have been reported and its association with early diagnosis, disease prognosis and severity has been repeatedly discussed in the literature. Changes in laboratory investigations help in risk stratification and early intervention. The most common laboratory finding in COVID-19 is lymphopenia. COVID-19 patients presented with coagulopathy is at high risk of morbidity and mortality. In severe COVID-19 patients, bone marrow aspirate shows histiocytic proliferation with hemophagocytosis. To understand the correlations between immune responses and severity of COVID-19, immune profiling of B and T cell population was compared with extensive clinical data. A deep understanding of the laboratory findings and haematological abnormalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection would help to raise disease suspicion in absence of Real time polymerase chain reaction or antibody results. Also the blood counts along with the morphological changes in peripheral blood would be helpful in prompt screening, diagnosis, prognosis and management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smeeta Gajendra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
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242
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Cyanobacteria and Algae-Derived Bioactive Metabolites as Antiviral Agents: Evidence, Mode of Action, and Scope for Further Expansion; A Comprehensive Review in Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020354. [PMID: 35204236 PMCID: PMC8868401 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19—a severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has recently attracted global attention, due to its devastating impact, to the point of being declared a pandemic. The search for new natural therapeutic drugs is mandatory, as the screening of already-known antiviral drugs so far has led to poor results. Several species of marine algae have been reported as sources of bioactive metabolites with potential antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, among others. Some of these bioactive metabolites might be able to act as antimicrobial drugs and also against viral infections by inhibiting their replication. Moreover, they could also trigger immunity against viral infection in humans and could be used as protective agents against COVID-In this context, this article reviews the main antiviral activities of bioactive metabolites from marine algae and their potential exploitation as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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243
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Shoib S, Bharati‐Sinha V, Javed S, Gürcan A, Gürcan G, Das S, Chandradasa M, Saeed F. The disquietude of clozapine continuation during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e506. [PMID: 35155830 PMCID: PMC8820272 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital Srinagar Kashmir India
| | - Vidya Bharati‐Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry Shri Krishna Medical College and Hospital Muzaffarpur India
| | - Sana Javed
- Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan
| | - Ahmet Gürcan
- Department of Psychiatry Başkent University Medical Faculty Ankara Turkey
| | - Gamze Gürcan
- Department of Psychiatry Akdağmadeni State Hospital Yozgat Turkey
| | - Soumitra Das
- North Western Mental Health Melbourne Health Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry Psychosis Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran Iran
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244
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Qin N, Shi S, Ma G, Li X, Duan Y, Shen Z, Luo A, Zhong Z. Associations of COVID-19 Risk Perception, eHealth Literacy, and Protective Behaviors Among Chinese College Students Following Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 9:776829. [PMID: 35186866 PMCID: PMC8850378 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.776829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn spite of strict regulation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures and containment in China, there are still confirmed cases sporadically occurring in many cities. College students live in groups and have active social activities so that it will trigger a serious public health event once an infection event occurs. Thus, identifying the status and related factors of protective behaviors among them after receiving vaccination will be crucial for epidemic control. This study aimed to gather information on the protective behaviors and to identify the associations of COVID-19 risk perception, eHealth literacy, and protective behaviors for Chinese college students following vaccination.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of college students engaged in protective behaviors post vaccination was conducted using the COVID-19 risk perception scale, eHealth literacy scale, and protective behaviors following vaccination questionnaire in one of the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to confirm the correlation among the COVID-19 risk perception, eHealth literacy, and protective behaviors for Chinese college students.ResultsA total of 5,641 Chinese college students were included. Male students comprised 59.01% with an average age of (21.39 ± 2.75) years and most students rating their health as very good (44.85%) or pretty good (46.98%). A smaller percentage (13.76%) believed that they would likely or most likely be infected with COVID-19 after getting vaccinated. In addition, more than 1 in 10 (10.35%) college students had ever suspected to suffer from post-vaccination reactions following the COVID-19 vaccination. The mean score of protective behaviors was 26.06 ± 3.97. Approximately one-third (30.42%) of the students always or often did not wear a mask when going out. Some college students (29.25%) did not maintain distance of at least 1 m from others in social situations. Older female college students who were in good health and perceived as being at a low risk of getting infected with COVID-19, and those never suspected to suffer from post-vaccination reactions expected to engage in post-vaccination protective measures. Those with a higher level of perceived risk, severe risk perception and eHealth literacy, and a lower level of unknown risk perception were more likely to engage in further protective behaviors after getting vaccinated.ConclusionsOverall, the level of protective behaviors among the Chinese college students following vaccination could be improved, especially for male, younger college students in poor health. This study revealed the predictive effects of risk perception and eHealth literacy on protective behaviors, recommending that the negative and positive effects of risk perception should be balanced in epidemic risk management, and eHealth literacy promotion should also be emphasized for public health and social measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangjiao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyue Ma
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinglong Duan
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Shen
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aijing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, College of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aijing Luo
| | - Zhuqing Zhong
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, College of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuqing Zhong
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245
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Mahmood ZS, Fadhil HY, Abdul Hussein TA, Ad'hiah AH. Severity of coronavirus disease 19: Profile of inflammatory markers and ACE (rs4646994) and ACE2 (rs2285666) gene polymorphisms in Iraqi patients. Meta Gene 2022; 31:101014. [PMID: 35036327 PMCID: PMC8744396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2022.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disease severity has recently been associated with inflammatory markers and genetic polymorphisms of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and ACE2 genes, but the evidence has been inconclusive. This case-control study (99 COVID-19 patients and 96 controls) sought to assess the significance of age, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) in severity of COVID-19. Besides, two variants of ACE and ACE2 genes (rs4646994 and rs2285666, respectively) were analyzed to determine their role in COVID-19 susceptibility and/or disease severity. Results revealed that age, CRP and NLR were significantly elevated in severe cases compared to moderate cases, while RT-PCR Ct value was significantly decreased. Allele and genotypes of both variants were not associated with COVID-19 risk, with the exception of rs2285666 A allele. It showed a significantly higher frequency in female patients than in female controls (probability = 0.041). In conclusion, the study indicated the role of age, CRP, NLR and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct in susceptibility to COVID-19 severity. However, analysis of the ACE and ACE2 gene variants (rs4646994 and rs2285666, respectively) showed that the two variants were not associated with the risk of developing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab S Mahmood
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hula Y Fadhil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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246
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Saravanan UB, Namachivayam M, Jeewon R, Huang JD, Durairajan SSK. Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 pathogenesis, transmission and therapeutic evaluation. World J Virol 2022; 11:40-56. [PMID: 35117970 PMCID: PMC8788210 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop animal models to alleviate vaccine and drug development difficulties against zoonotic viral infections. The coronavirus family, which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, crossed the species barrier and infected humans, causing a global outbreak in the 21st century. Because humans do not have pre-existing immunity against these viral infections and with ethics governing clinical trials, animal models are therefore being used in clinical studies to facilitate drug discovery and testing efficacy of vaccines. The ideal animal models should reflect the viral replication, clinical signs, and pathological responses observed in humans. Different animal species should be tested to establish an appropriate animal model to study the disease pathology, transmission and evaluation of novel vaccine and drug candidates to treat coronavirus disease 2019. In this context, the present review summarizes the recent progress in developing animal models for these two pathogenic viruses and highlights the utility of these models in studying SARS-associated coronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhaya Bharathy Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Mayurikaa Namachivayam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
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247
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Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:59. [PMID: 35095356 PMCID: PMC8785374 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic that took over the world in December 2019 has had everlasting devastating impacts on the lives of people globally. It manifests a huge symptom spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill patients with an unpredictable outcome. Timely diagnosis and assessment of disease severity is imperative for effective treatment. Possibilities exist that by the time symptoms appear the viral load might increase beyond control. However, it is advisable to get adequately diagnosed as soon as the first symptom appears. There is an immediate requirement of reliable biomarkers of COVID-19 manifesting an early onset for effective clinical management, stratification of high risk patients and ensuring ideal resource allocation. In this review, we attempt to explore and describe important polypeptide inflammatory biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and LIGHT used in the detection and management of COVID-19. Viral pathogenesis and the role of these inflammatory biomarkers is highlighted, based on the evidences available till date. An integrative data monitoring along with their correlation with the natural disease progression is of utmost importance in the management of COVID-19. So further research and in-depth analysis of these biomarkers is warranted in the present scenario.
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248
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Jin Y, Hou C, Li Y, Zheng K, Wang C. mRNA Vaccine: How to Meet the Challenge of SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 12:821538. [PMID: 35126377 PMCID: PMC8813741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.821538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high infectivity, pathogenicity, and variability, is a global pandemic that severely affected public health and the world economy. The development of safe and effective vaccines is crucial to the prevention and control of an epidemic. As an emerging technology, mRNA vaccine is widely used for infectious disease prevention and control and has significant safety, efficacy, and high production. It has received support and funding from many pharmaceutical enterprises and becomes one of the main technologies for preventing COVID-19. This review introduces the current status of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, specifically mRNA vaccines, focusing on the challenges of developing mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, and discusses the relevant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Jin
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Judge R, Kolaski S, Qadeer F. Use of tocilizumab, remdesivir, and high-dose methylprednisolone prevents intubation in an ESRD patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022; 10:2050313X211069023. [PMID: 35035974 PMCID: PMC8755926 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211069023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 200 million patients worldwide. COVID-19 is transmitted through respiratory droplets from patient to patient or by touching a surface that has been contaminated by an infected patient. Many COVID-19 patients have other comorbidities, such as end-stage renal disease. Currently, management of COVID-19 in patients with end-stage renal disease is unclear. Some studies have shown improvement in this population with the use of tocilizumab, a humanized interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, in addition to the standard therapy as per guidelines published by the National Institutes of Health. In this case report, we present a patient case where the use of remdesivir, tocilizumab, and pulse-dose methylprednisolone significantly improved symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 in a patient with end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Kolaski
- Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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250
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Noureen S, Rehman K, Hamid Akash MS. Natural immunity boosters as therapeutic interventions in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:842-851. [PMID: 35016600 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220110113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has been spread all over the world and is responsible for serious fatalities. SARS-CoV2 is included in the family of β-coronavirus that affects pulmonary gas exchange and triggers cytokines storm. Vigorous inflammation, hyper-coagulation, a decrease in lymphocytic count and an increase in neutrophilic count are observed in the second week after the onset of disease. Fever, dry cough, sneezing, shortness of breath and respiratory distress are the symptoms of COVID-19. Different preventive measures are taken to prevent the attack of coronavirus amongst social distancing, vaccination, wearing gloves and face masks and the use of sanitizers plays pivotal role. People with weak immunity are more susceptible to the attack of coronavirus. Various natural immunity boosters are known for their immune boosting properties among them are vitamin C, D, and B complex, medicinal mushrooms, plant-based stuff and minerals play important role by increasing the beneficial flora of human body. All these natural immunity boosters improve the innate and adaptive immune response against coronavirus. Hence, we conclude that the use of natural immunity boosters prevents the attack of coronavirus and make a person stronger against the suspected attack of COVID-19 and/or other viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Noureen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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