201
|
Kellermann V, Chown SL, Schou MF, Aitkenhead I, Janion-Scheepers C, Clemson A, Scott MT, Sgrò CM. Comparing thermal performance curves across traits: how consistent are they? J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.193433. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) are intended to approximate the relationship between temperature and fitness, and are commonly integrated into species distributional models for understanding climate change responses. However, TPCs may vary across traits because selection and environmental sensitivity (plasticity) differ across traits or because the timing and duration of the temperature exposure, here termed time-scale, may alter trait variation. Yet the extent to which TPCs vary temporally and across traits is rarely considered in assessments of climate change responses. Using a common garden approach, we estimate TPCs for standard metabolic rate (SMR), and activity in Drosophila melanogaster at three test temperatures (16, 25 and 30 °C), using flies from each of six developmental temperatures (16, 18, 20, 25, 28 and 30 °C). We examined the effects of time-scale of temperature exposure (mins/hours vs days/weeks) in altering the TPC shape, position and commonly used descriptors of the TPC- thermal optimum (TOPT), thermal limits (TMIN and TMAX) and thermal breadth (TBR). In addition we collated previously published estimates of TPCs for fecundity and egg-to-adult viability in D. melanogaster. We found that the descriptors of the TPCs varied across traits (egg-to-adult viability, SMR, activity and fecundity), but variation in TPCs within these traits was small across studies when measured at the same time-scales. The time-scale at which traits were measured contributed to greater variation in TPCs than the observed variance across traits, although the relative importance of time-scale differed depending on the trait (activity vs fecundity). Variation in the TPC across traits and time-scales suggests that TPCs using single traits may not be an accurate predictor of fitness and thermal adaptation across environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
| | | | - Ian Aitkenhead
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, 8001m South Africa
| | - Allannah Clemson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
| | | | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Devault DA, Karolak S, Lévi Y, Rousis NI, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S. Exposure of an urban population to pesticides assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology in a Caribbean island. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:129-136. [PMID: 29981512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is an innovative approach to estimate the consumption of chemicals and their exposure patterns in a population, on the basis of measurements of biomarkers in wastewater. This method can provide objective real-time information on xenobiotics directly or indirectly ingested by a population. This approach was used to examine the exposure of the Martinique population to the three classes of pesticides: triazines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Martinique island (French West Indies) is a closed market and has been closely monitored since the early 2000's when contamination with chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide widely applied between 1972 and 1993 in banana plantations, became a critical political issue. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the patterns of human exposure and compare the results to those from other countries. Wastewater was collected as 24-h composite samples and analysed for selected urinary pesticide metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites were found in all the samples up to 330 ng/L, while triazines were found only at trace levels. Mass loads indicated higher exposure to pyrethroids than in some cities in Europe, but lower exposure to triazines and organophosphates. The estimated human intake for pyrethroids was close to the Acceptable Daily Intake, but importation of these pesticides to Martinique was low. This study illustrates the high human exposure with indoor pesticide use in comparison to its use in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sara Karolak
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yves Lévi
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Matsuda N, Tanaka K, Watari Y, Shintani Y, Goto SG, Nisimura T, Izumi Y, Numata H. Northward expansion of the bivoltine life cycle of the cricket over the last four decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5622-5628. [PMID: 30284375 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate warming has affected some life-history traits of insects, including voltinism and body size. The magnitude of changes in these traits may differ latitudinally within a species because of the differing lengths of season available for growth. The present study aims to estimate the change in voltinism of the lawn ground cricket, Polionemobius mikado (Shiraki) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae), over the last four decades by comparing the body size between adults collected from a wide range of latitudes in Japan in recent years (2015-2017) and those collected four decades ago (1969-1976). The body size of adults collected in recent years showed a latitudinal saw-tooth cline, in the same way as body size did four decades ago, and the cline shifted northward over the last four decades: In 2015-2017, the body size decreased slightly with increasing latitude from 31°N to 36°N, and then increased to 40°N, and again decreased from 40°N to 44°N. Comparison of the body size between recent years and four decades ago revealed that the body size has decreased significantly at the middle latitudes (36-40°N), suggesting that the proportion of smaller bivoltine individuals there has increased over the last four decades. The sum of effective temperatures for postdiapause embryonic development at around 36°N in recent years was comparable to that at 31-35°N four decades ago, at which P. mikado populations were bivoltine. Taken together, these findings suggested that the latitudinal range suitable for the bivoltine life cycle of P. mikado has expanded northward over the last four decades because of climate warming. This is the first report that shows that a decrease in body size can be caused by climate warming via an increase in voltinism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- General Education Division, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Watari
- Faculty of Clinical Education, Ashiya University, Ashiya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shintani
- Department of Environmental and Horticultural Sciences, Minami Kyushu University, Miyakonojo, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Izumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
Yadav S, Stow AJ, Harris RMB, Dudaniec RY. Morphological Variation Tracks Environmental Gradients in an Agricultural Pest, Phaulacridium vittatum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5228718. [PMID: 30508202 PMCID: PMC6276836 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate pests often show high morphological variation and wide environmental tolerances. Knowledge of how phenotypic variation is associated with environmental heterogeneity can elucidate the processes underpinning these patterns. Here we examine morphological variation and relative abundance along environmental gradients in a widespread agricultural pest, native to Australia, the wingless grasshopper Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt). We test for correlations between body size, wing presence, and stripe polymorphism with environmental variables. Using multiple regression and mixed-effects modeling, body size and stripe polymorphism were positively associated with solar radiation, and wing presence was positively associated with foliage projective cover (FPC). There were no associations between body size or morphological traits with relative abundance. However, relative abundance was positively associated with latitude, soil moisture, and wind speed, but was negatively associated with FPC. Therefore, sites with low relative abundance and high forest cover were more likely to contain winged individuals. Overall, our results suggest that environmental and climatic conditions strongly influence the relative abundance and the distribution of morphotypes in P. vittatum, which is likely to affect dispersal and fitness in different landscapes. This knowledge is useful for informing how environmental change might influence the future spread and impact of this agricultural pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Adam J Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca M B Harris
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rachael Y Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Des Marteaux LE, Štětina T, Koštál V. Insect fat body cell morphology and response to cold stress is modulated by acclimation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.189647. [PMID: 30190314 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding about the nature of cellular cryoinjury and mechanisms by which some animals survive freezing while others do not is currently lacking. Here, we exploited the broadly manipulable freeze tolerance of larval malt flies (Chymomyza costata) to uncover cell and tissue morphological changes associated with freeze mortality. Diapause induction, cold acclimation and dietary proline supplementation generate malt fly variants ranging from weakly to extremely freeze tolerant. Using confocal microscopy and immunostaining of the fat body, Malpighian tubules and anterior midgut, we described tissue and cytoskeletal (F-actin and α-tubulin) morphologies among these variants after exposure to various cold stresses (from chilling at -5°C to extreme freezing at -196°C), and upon recovery from cold exposure. Fat body tissue appeared to be the most susceptible to cryoinjury: freezing caused coalescence of lipid droplets, loss of α-tubulin structure and apparent aggregation of F-actin. A combination of diapause and cold acclimation substantially lowered the temperature at which these morphological disruptions occurred. Larvae that recovered from a freezing challenge repaired F-actin aggregation but not lipid droplet coalescence or α-tubulin structure. Our observations indicate that lipid coalescence and damage to α-tubulin are non-lethal forms of freeze injury, and suggest that repair or removal (rather than protection) of actin proteins is a potential mechanism of acquired freeze tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Des Marteaux
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Štětina
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Koštál
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Tougeron K, Damien M, Le Lann C, Brodeur J, van Baaren J. Rapid Responses of Winter Aphid-Parasitoid Communities to Climate Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
207
|
Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Comparative assessment of the thermal tolerance of spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its larval parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:847-860. [PMID: 28374539 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under stressful thermal environments, insects adjust their behavior and physiology to maintain key life-history activities and improve survival. For interacting species, mutual or antagonistic, thermal stress may affect the participants in differing ways, which may then affect the outcome of the ecological relationship. In agroecosystems, this may be the fate of relationships between insect pests and their antagonistic parasitoids under acute and chronic thermal variability. Against this background, we investigated the thermal tolerance of different developmental stages of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its larval parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using both dynamic and static protocols. When exposed for 2 h to a static temperature, lower lethal temperatures ranged from -9 to 6 °C, -14 to -2 °C, and -1 to 4 °C while upper lethal temperatures ranged from 37 to 48 °C, 41 to 49 °C, and 36 to 39 °C for C. partellus eggs, larvae, and C. sesamiae adults, respectively. Faster heating rates improved critical thermal maxima (CTmax ) in C. partellus larvae and adult C. partellus and C. sesamiae. Lower cooling rates improved critical thermal minima (CTmin ) in C. partellus and C. sesamiae adults while compromising CTmin in C. partellus larvae. The mean supercooling points (SCPs) for C. partellus larvae, pupae, and adults were -11.82 ± 1.78, -10.43 ± 1.73 and -15.75 ± 2.47, respectively. Heat knock-down time (HKDT) and chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) varied significantly between C. partellus larvae and adults. Larvae had higher HKDT than adults, while the latter recovered significantly faster following chill-coma. Current results suggest developmental stage differences in C. partellus thermal tolerance (with respect to lethal temperatures and critical thermal limits) and a compromised temperature tolerance of parasitoid C. sesamiae relative to its host, suggesting potential asynchrony between host-parasitoid population phenology and consequently biocontrol efficacy under global change. These results have broad implications to biological pest management insect-natural enemy interactions under rapidly changing thermal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Private Bag X6006, Hilton 3245, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Diamond SE, Yilmaz AR. The role of tolerance variation in vulnerability forecasting of insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:85-92. [PMID: 30551831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the amount of climatic change organisms can withstand before exceeding their physiological tolerance is a cornerstone of vulnerability forecasting. Yet most work in this area treats tolerance as a fixed trait. We review recent work that quantifies variation in high temperature tolerance across bioclimatic gradients, and we explore the implications for vulnerability to climate change. For some sources of variation, including differences in the evolutionary potential of heat tolerance across latitude, the typical biogeographic pattern of high vulnerability in the tropics is exacerbated. For other sources of variation, including certain types of plastic variation in heat tolerance, the biogeographic pattern of high tropical vulnerability is diminished. As a consequence, thermal tolerance variation should not be ignored in vulnerability forecasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Aaron R Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Klockmann M, Wallmeyer L, Fischer K. Variation in adult stress resistance does not explain vulnerability to climate change in copper butterflies. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:894-904. [PMID: 28294575 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. However, although many species clearly suffer from ongoing climate change, others benefit from it, for example, by showing range expansions. However, which specific features determine a species' vulnerability to climate change? Phenotypic plasticity, which has been described as the first line of defence against environmental change, may be of utmost importance here. Against this background, we here compare plasticity in stress tolerance in 3 copper butterfly species, which differ arguably in their vulnerability to climate change. Specifically, we investigated heat, cold and desiccation resistance after acclimatization to different temperatures in the adult stage. We demonstrate that acclimation at a higher temperature increased heat but decreased cold tolerance and desiccation resistance. Contrary to our predictions, species did not show pronounced variation in stress resistance, though plastic capacities in temperature stress resistance did vary across species. Overall, our results seemed to reflect population-rather than species-specific patterns. We conclude that the geographical origin of the populations used should be considered even in comparative studies. However, our results suggest that, in the 3 species studied here, vulnerability to climate change is not in the first place determined by stress resistance in the adult stage. As entomological studies focus all too often on adults only, we argue that more research effort should be dedicated to other developmental stages when trying to understand insect responses to environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klockmann
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonard Wallmeyer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Chirgwin E, Marshall DJ, Sgrò CM, Monro K. How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change? Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181374. [PMID: 30209227 PMCID: PMC6158540 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental environments are regularly shown to alter the mean fitness of offspring, but their impacts on the genetic variation for fitness, which predicts adaptive capacity and is also measured on offspring, are unclear. Consequently, how parental environments mediate adaptation to environmental stressors, like those accompanying global change, is largely unknown. Here, using an ecologically important marine tubeworm in a quantitative-genetic breeding design, we tested how parental exposure to projected ocean warming alters the mean survival, and genetic variation for survival, of offspring during their most vulnerable life stage under current and projected temperatures. Offspring survival was higher when parent and offspring temperatures matched. Across offspring temperatures, parental exposure to warming altered the distribution of additive genetic variance for survival, making it covary across current and projected temperatures in a way that may aid adaptation to future warming. Parental exposure to warming also amplified nonadditive genetic variance for survival, suggesting that compatibilities between parental genomes may grow increasingly important under future warming. Our study shows that parental environments potentially have broader-ranging effects on adaptive capacity than currently appreciated, not only mitigating the negative impacts of global change but also reshaping the raw fuel for evolutionary responses to it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evatt Chirgwin
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Kingsolver JG, Buckley LB. How do phenology, plasticity, and evolution determine the fitness consequences of climate change for montane butterflies? Evol Appl 2018; 11:1231-1244. [PMID: 30151036 PMCID: PMC6099808 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species have responded to climate change via seasonal (phenological) shifts, morphological plasticity, and evolutionary adaptation, but how these responses contribute to changes and variation in population fitness are poorly understood. We assess the interactions and relative importance of these responses for fitness in a montane butterfly, Colias eriphyle, along an elevational gradient. Because environmental temperatures affect developmental rates of each life stage, populations along the gradients differ in phenological timing and the number of generations each year. Our focal phenotype, wing solar absorptivity of adult butterflies, exhibits local adaptation across elevation and responds plastically to developmental temperatures. We integrate climatic data for the past half-century with microclimate, developmental, biophysical, demographic, and evolutionary models for this system to predict how phenology, plasticity, and evolution contribute to phenotypic and fitness variation along the gradient. We predict that phenological advancements incompletely compensate for climate warming, and also influence morphological plasticity. Climate change is predicted to increase mean population fitness in the first seasonal generation at high elevation, but decrease mean fitness in the summer generations at low elevation. Phenological shifts reduce the interannual variation in directional selection and morphology, but do not have consistent effects on variation in mean fitness. Morphological plasticity and its evolution can substantially increase population fitness and adaptation to climate change at low elevations, but environmental unpredictability limits adaptive plastic and evolutionary responses at high elevations. Phenological shifts also decrease the relative fitness advantages of morphological plasticity and evolution. Our results illustrate how the potential contributions of phenological and morphological plasticity and of evolution to climate change adaptation can vary along environmental gradients and how environmental variability will limit adaptive responses to climate change in montane regions.
Collapse
|
213
|
Tougeron K, van Baaren J, Llopis S, Ridel A, Doyon J, Brodeur J, Le Lann C. Disentangling plasticity from local adaptation in diapause expression in parasitoid wasps from contrasting thermal environments: a reciprocal translocation experiment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Llopis
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Ridel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Josée Doyon
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Kellermann V, Sgrò CM. Evidence for lower plasticity in
CT
MAX
at warmer developmental temperatures. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1300-1312. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Diamond SE, Chick LD, Perez A, Strickler SA, Zhao C. Evolution of plasticity in the city: urban acorn ants can better tolerate more rapid increases in environmental temperature. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy030. [PMID: 29977563 PMCID: PMC6007456 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because cities contain high levels of impervious surfaces and diminished buffering effects of vegetation cover, urbanized environments can warm faster over the day and exhibit more rapid warming over space due to greater thermal heterogeneity in these environments. Whether organismal physiologies can adapt to these more rapid spatio-temporal changes in temperature rise within cities is unknown, and exploring these responses can inform not only how plastic and evolutionary mechanisms shape organismal physiologies, but also the potential for organisms to cope with urban development. Here, we examined how plasticity in thermal tolerance under faster and slower rates of temperature change might evolve in response to the more rapid spatio-temporal temperature rise in cities. We focused on acorn ants, a temperature-sensitive, ground-dwelling ant species that makes its home inside hollowed out acorns. We reared acorn ant colonies from urban and rural populations under a common garden design in the laboratory and assessed the thermal tolerances of F1 offspring workers using both fast (1°C min-1) and slow (0.2°C min-1) rates of temperature change. Relative to the rural population, the urban population exhibited higher heat tolerance when the temperature was increased quickly, providing evidence that temperature ramp-rate plasticity evolved in the urban population. This result was correlated with both faster rates of diurnal warming in urban acorn ant nest sites and greater spatial heterogeneity in environmental temperature across urban foraging areas. By contrast, rates of diurnal cooling in acorn ant nest sites were similar across urban and rural habitats, and correspondingly, we found that urban and rural populations responded similarly to variation in the rate of temperature decrease when we assessed cold tolerance. Our study highlights the importance of considering not only evolutionary differentiation in trait means across urbanization gradients, but also how trait plasticity might or might not evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lacy D Chick
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abe Perez
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie A Strickler
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Crystal Zhao
- Hathaway Brown School, 19600 North Park Boulevard, Shaker Heights, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Beal A, Rodriguez-Casariego J, Rivera-Casas C, Suarez-Ulloa V, Eirin-Lopez JM. Environmental Epigenomics and Its Applications in Marine Organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
217
|
Nyamukondiwa C, Chidawanyika F, Machekano H, Mutamiswa R, Sands B, Mgidiswa N, Wall R. Climate variability differentially impacts thermal fitness traits in three coprophagic beetle species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198610. [PMID: 29874290 PMCID: PMC5991409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the impacts of extreme and rising mean temperatures are well documented, increased thermal variability associated with climate change may also threaten ectotherm fitness and survival, but remains poorly explored. Using three wild collected coprophagic species Copris elphenor, Metacatharsius opacus and Scarabaeus zambezianus, we explored the effects of thermal amplitude around the mean on thermal tolerance. Using standardized protocols, we measured traits of high- (critical thermal maxima [CTmax] and heat knockdown time [HKDT]) and -low temperature tolerance (critical thermal minima [CTmin], chill coma recovery time [CCRT] and supercooling points [SCPs]) following variable temperature pulses (δ0, δ3, δ6 and δ9°C) around the mean (27°C). Our results show that increased temperature variability may offset basal and plastic responses to temperature and differs across species and metrics tested. Furthermore, we also show differential effects of body mass, body water content (BWC) and body lipid content (BLC) on traits of thermal tolerance. For example, body mass significantly influenced C. elphenor and S. zambezianus CTmax and S. zambezianus HKDT but not CTmin and CCRT. BWC significantly affected M. opacus and C. elphenor CTmax and in only M. opacus HKDT, CTmin and CCRT. Similarly, BLC only had a significant effect for M opacus CTmin. These results suggest differential and species dependent effects of climate variability of thermal fitness traits. It is therefore likely that the ecological services provided by these species may be constrained in the face of climate change. This implies that, to develop more realistic predictions for the effects of climate change on insect biodiversity and ecosystem function, thermal variability is a significant determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
- * E-mail:
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Bryony Sands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neludo Mgidiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal plasticity potentially mediates the interaction between host Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in rapidly changing environments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1335-1345. [PMID: 29193807 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing climatic average temperatures and variability elicit various insect physiological responses that affect fitness and survival and may influence subsequent trophic interactions in agroecosystems. In this background, we investigated short- and long-term plastic responses to temperature of the laboratory-reared stemborer Chilo partellus and its larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes. RESULTS Rapid cold- and heat-hardening effects in C. partellus larvae, pupae and adults and C. flavipes adults were highly significant (P < 0.001). High-temperature acclimation improved critical thermal limits and heat knockdown time in C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults, respectively. Low-temperature acclimation enhanced the supercooling point in C. flavipes and the chill coma recovery time in both C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that thermal plasticity may enhance the survival of these two species when they are subjected to lethal low and high temperatures. However, C. partellus appeared to be more plastic than C. flavipes. These results have three major implications: (1) C. partellus may inhabit slightly warmer environments than C. flavipes, suggesting a potential mismatch in biogeography; (2) host-parasitoid relationships are complex and are probably trait dependent, and (3) host-parasitoid differential thermal plastic responses may offset biocontrol efficacy. These results may help inform biocontrol decision making under conditions of global change. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Effects of cold acclimation and dsRNA injections on Gs1l gene splicing in Drosophila montana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7577. [PMID: 29765071 PMCID: PMC5953924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing, in which one gene produce multiple transcripts, may influence how adaptive genes respond to specific environments. A newly produced transcriptome of Drosophila montana shows the Gs1-like (Gs1l) gene to express multiple splice variants and to be down regulated in cold acclimated flies with increased cold tolerance. Gs1l’s effect on cold tolerance was further tested by injecting cold acclimated and non-acclimated flies from two distantly located northern and southern fly populations with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting Gs1l. While both populations had similar cold acclimation responses, dsRNA injections only effected the northern population. The nature of splicing expression was then investigated in the northern population by confirming which Gs1l variants are present, by comparing the expression of different gene regions and by predicting the protein structures of splices using homology modelling. We find different splices of Gs1l not only appear to have independent impacts on cold acclimation but also elicit different effects in populations originating from two very different environments. Also, at the protein level, Gs1l appears homologous to the human HDHD1A protein and some splices might produce functionally different proteins though this needs to be verified in future studies by measuring the particular protein levels. Taken together, Gs1l appears to be an interesting new candidate to test how splicing influences adaptations.
Collapse
|
220
|
Burggren W. Developmental phenotypic plasticity helps bridge stochastic weather events associated with climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/9/jeb161984. [PMID: 29748332 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The slow, inexorable rise in annual average global temperatures and acidification of the oceans are often advanced as consequences of global change. However, many environmental changes, especially those involving weather (as opposed to climate), are often stochastic, variable and extreme, particularly in temperate terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Moreover, few studies of animal and plant phenotypic plasticity employ realistic (i.e. short-term, stochastic) environmental change in their protocols. Here, I posit that the frequently abrupt environmental changes (days, weeks, months) accompanying much longer-term general climate change (e.g. global warming over decades or centuries) require consideration of the true nature of environmental change (as opposed to statistical means) coupled with an expansion of focus to consider developmental phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity can be in multiple forms - obligatory/facultative, beneficial/deleterious - depending upon the degree and rate of environmental variability at specific points in organismal development. Essentially, adult phenotypic plasticity, as important as it is, will be irrelevant if developing offspring lack sufficient plasticity to create modified phenotypes necessary for survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
de Jong MA, Saastamoinen M. Environmental and genetic control of cold tolerance in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:636-645. [PMID: 29424462 PMCID: PMC5969317 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance has a major effect on individual fitness and species distributions and can be determined by genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We investigate the effects of developmental and adult thermal conditions on cold tolerance, measured as chill coma recovery (CCR) time, during the early and late adult stage in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We also investigate the genetic basis of cold tolerance by associating CCR variation with polymorphisms in candidate genes that have a known role in insect physiology. Our results demonstrate that a cooler developmental temperature leads to reduced cold tolerance in the early adult stage, whereas cooler conditions during the adult stage lead to increased cold tolerance. This suggests that adult acclimation, but not developmental plasticity, of adult cold tolerance is adaptive. This could be explained by the ecological conditions the Glanville fritillary experiences in the field, where temperature during early summer, but not spring, is predictive of thermal conditions during the butterfly's flight season. In addition, an amino acid polymorphism (Ala-Glu) in the gene flightin, which has a known function in insect flight and locomotion, was associated with CCR. These amino acids have distinct biochemical properties and may thus affect protein function and/or structure. To our knowledge, our study is the first to link genetic variation in flightin to cold tolerance, or thermal adaptation in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. de Jong
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - M. Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Boardman L, Mitchell KA, Terblanche JS, Sørensen JG. A transcriptomics assessment of oxygen-temperature interactions reveals novel candidate genes underlying variation in thermal tolerance and survival. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 106:179-188. [PMID: 29038013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While single stress responses are fairly well researched, multiple, interactive stress responses are not-despite the obvious importance thereof. Here, using D. melanogaster, we investigated the effects of simultaneous exposures to low O2 (hypoxia) and varying thermal conditions on mortality rates, estimates of thermal tolerance and the transcriptome. We used combinations of 21 (normoxia), 10 or 5kPa O2 with control (23°C), cold (4°C) or hot (31°C) temperature exposures before assaying chill coma recovery time (CCRT) and heat knock down time (HKDT) as measures of cold and heat tolerance respectively. We found that mortality was significantly affected by temperature, oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and the interaction between the two. Cold treatments resulted in low mortality (<5%), regardless of PO2 treatment; while hot treatments resulted in higher mortality (∼20%), especially at 5kPa O2 which was lethal for most flies (∼80%). Both CCRT and HKDT were significantly affected by temperature, but not PO2, of the treatments, and the interaction of temperature and PO2 was non-significant. Hot treatments led to significantly longer CCRT, and shorter HKDT in comparison to cold treatments. Global gene expression profiling provided the first transcriptome level response to the combined stress of PO2 and temperature, showing that stressful treatments resulted in higher mortality and induced transcripts that were associated with protein kinases, catabolic processes (proteases, hydrolases, peptidases) and membrane function. Several genes and pathways that may be responsible for the protective effects of combined PO2 and cold treatments were identified. We found that urate oxidase was upregulated in all three cold treatments, regardless of the PO2. Small heat shock proteins Hsp22 and Hsp23 were upregulated after both 10 and 21kPa O2-hot treatments. Collectively, the data from PO2-hot treatments suggests that hypoxia does exacerbate heat stress, through an as yet unidentified mechanism. Hsp70B and an unannotated transcript (CG6733) were significantly differentially expressed after 5kPa O2-cold and 10kPa O2-hot treatments relative to their controls. Downregulation of these transcripts was correlated with reduced thermal tolerance (longer CCRT and shorter HKDT), suggesting that these genes may be important candidates for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Katherine A Mitchell
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Oostra V, Saastamoinen M, Zwaan BJ, Wheat CW. Strong phenotypic plasticity limits potential for evolutionary responses to climate change. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520061 PMCID: PMC5843647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the expression of multiple phenotypes from one genome, is a widespread adaptation to short-term environmental fluctuations, but whether it facilitates evolutionary adaptation to climate change remains contentious. Here, we investigate seasonal plasticity and adaptive potential in an Afrotropical butterfly expressing distinct phenotypes in dry and wet seasons. We assess the transcriptional architecture of plasticity in a full-factorial analysis of heritable and environmental effects across 72 individuals, and reveal pervasive gene expression differences between the seasonal phenotypes. Strikingly, intra-population genetic variation for plasticity is largely absent, consistent with specialisation to a particular environmental cue reliably predicting seasonal transitions. Under climate change, deteriorating accuracy of predictive cues will likely aggravate maladaptive phenotype-environment mismatches and increase selective pressures on reaction norms. However, the observed paucity of genetic variation for plasticity limits evolutionary responses, potentially weakening prospects for population persistence. Thus, seasonally plastic species may be especially vulnerable to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, The Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. .,Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher W Wheat
- Department of Zoology, Population Genetics, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Beasley DE, Penick CA, Boateng NS, Menninger HL, Dunn RR. Urbanization disrupts latitude-size rule in 17-year cicadas. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2534-2541. [PMID: 29531674 PMCID: PMC5838052 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ectotherms show a decrease in body size with increasing latitude due to changes in climate, a pattern termed converse Bergmann's rule. Urban conditions-particularly warmer temperatures and fragmented landscapes-may impose stresses on development that could disrupt these body size patterns. To test the impact of urbanization on development and latitudinal trends in body size, we launched a citizen science project to collect periodical cicadas (Magicicada septendecim) from across their latitudinal range during the 2013 emergence of Brood II. Periodical cicadas are long-lived insects whose distribution spans a broad latitudinal range covering both urban and rural habitats. We used a geometric morphometric approach to assess body size and developmental stress based on fluctuating asymmetry in wing shape. Body size of rural cicadas followed converse Bergmann's rule, but this pattern was disrupted in urban habitats. In the north, urban cicadas were larger than their rural counterparts, while southern populations showed little variation in body size between habitats. We detected no evidence of differences in developmental stress due to urbanization. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that urbanization disrupts biogeographical trends in body size, and this pattern highlights how the effects of urbanization may differ over a species' range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DeAnna E. Beasley
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Clint A. Penick
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Keck Center for Behavioral BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- The Biomimicry CenterArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nana S. Boateng
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Keck Center for Behavioral BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Mutamiswa R, Machekano H, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal resilience may shape population abundance of two sympatric congeneric Cotesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191840. [PMID: 29438408 PMCID: PMC5810992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal and plasticity of thermal tolerance determine abundance, biogeographical patterns and activity of insects over spatial and temporal scales. For coexisting stemborer parasitoids, offering synergistic impact for biological control, mismatches in thermal tolerance may influence their ultimate impact in biocontrol programs under climate variability. Using laboratory-reared congeneric parasitoid species Cotesia sesamiae Cameron and Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), we examined basal thermal tolerance to understand potential impact of climate variability on their survival and limits to activity. We measured upper- and lower -lethal temperatures (ULTs and LLTs), critical thermal limits [CTLs] (CTmin and CTmax), supercooling points (SCPs), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) and heat knock-down time (HKDT) of adults. Results showed LLTs ranging -5 to 5°C and -15 to -1°C whilst ULTs ranged 35 to 42°C and 37 to 44°C for C. sesamiae and C. flavipes respectively. Cotesia flavipes had significantly higher heat tolerance (measured as CTmax), as well as cold tolerance (measured as CTmin) relative to C. sesamiae (P<0.0001). While SCPs did not vary significantly (P>0.05), C. flavipes recovered significantly faster following chill-coma and had higher HKDT compared to C. sesamiae. The results suggest marked differential basal thermal tolerance responses between the two congeners, with C. flavipes having an advantage at both temperature extremes. Thus, under predicted climate change, the two species may differ in phenologies and biogeography with consequences on their efficacy as biological control agents. These results may assist in predicting spatio-temporal activity patterns which can be used in integrated pest management programs under climate variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Bentz BJ, Hansen EM. Evidence for a Prepupal Diapause in the Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:175-183. [PMID: 29293921 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy strategies, including diapause and quiescence, enable insects to evade adverse conditions and ensure seasonally appropriate life stages. A mechanistic understanding of a species' dormancy is necessary to predict population response in a changing climate. Climate change is influencing distribution patterns and population success of many species, including Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), the most important mortality agent of pines in western North America. Diapause is considered absent in D. ponderosae, and quiescence in the final larval stage prior to pupation (i.e., prepupal) is considered the main dormancy strategy. We evaluated if a facultative diapause in the prepupal stage, rather than a pupation threshold ~15°C (i.e., quiescence), could describe pupation patterns in two latitudinally separated D. ponderosae populations in the western United States. We hypothesized that if pupation occurs at lower temperatures than previously described, and if significant prepupal developmental delays occur, diapause is a likely physiological mechanism. Although there was considerable variation within and between populations, pupation occurred below the previously established threshold suggesting a prepupal facultative diapause that is induced when late instars experience cool temperatures. Individuals that pupated at temperatures below 15°C also had developmental delays, relative to development at warmer temperatures, consistent with diapause development. Pupation patterns differed between populations wherein diapause was induced at cooler temperatures and diapause development was shorter in southern compared with northern D. ponderosae. Recognition of a facultative diapause that varies among and between populations is critical for making predictions about future population response and range expansion in a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Bentz
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, UT
| | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Kellermann V, van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. How important is thermal history? Evidence for lasting effects of developmental temperature on upper thermal limits in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0447. [PMID: 28539515 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common practice in thermal biology is to take individuals directly from the field and estimate a range of thermal traits. These estimates are then used in studies aiming to understand broad scale distributional patterns, understanding and predicting the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, and generating predictions for climate change risk. However, the use of field-caught individuals in such studies ignores the fact that many traits are phenotypically plastic and will be influenced by the thermal history of the focal individuals. The current study aims to determine the extent to which estimates of upper thermal limits (CTmax), a frequently used measure for climate change risk, are sensitive to developmental and adult acclimation temperatures and whether these two forms of plasticity are reversible. Examining a temperate and tropical population of Drosophila melanogaster we show that developmental acclimation has a larger and more lasting effect on CTmax than adult acclimation. We also find evidence for an interaction between developmental and adult acclimation, particularly when flies are acclimated for a longer period, and that these effects can be population specific. These results suggest that thermal history can have lasting effects on estimates of CTmax. In addition, we provide evidence that developmental and/or adult acclimation are unlikely to contribute to substantial shifts in CTmax and that acclimation capacity may be constrained at higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | | | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Mohammadzadeh M, Izadi H. Cooling rate and starvation affect supercooling point and cold tolerance of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts fourth instar larvae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J Therm Biol 2018; 71:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
229
|
McCue MD, Terblanche JS, Benoit JB. Learning to starve: impacts of food limitation beyond the stress period. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4330-4338. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Starvation is common among wild animal populations, and many individuals experience repeated bouts of starvation over the course of their lives. Although much information has been gained through laboratory studies of acute starvation, little is known about how starvation affects an animal once food is again available (i.e. during the refeeding and recovery phases). Many animals exhibit a curious phenomenon – some seem to ‘get better’ at starving following exposure to one or more starvation events – by this we mean that they exhibit potentially adaptive responses, including reduced rates of mass loss, reduced metabolic rates, and lower costs of digestion. During subsequent refeedings they may also exhibit improved digestive efficiency and more rapid mass gain. Importantly, these responses can last until the next starvation bout or even be inherited and expressed in the subsequent generation. Currently, however, little is known about the molecular regulation and physiological mechanisms underlying these changes. Here, we identify areas of research that can fill in the most pressing knowledge gaps. In particular, we highlight how recently refined techniques (e.g. stable isotope tracers, quantitative magnetic resonance and thermal measurement) as well as next-generation sequencing approaches (e.g. RNA-seq, proteomics and holobiome sequencing) can address specific starvation-focused questions. We also describe outstanding unknowns ripe for future research regarding the timing and severity of starvation, and concerning the persistence of these responses and their interactions with other ecological stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D. McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Gotcha N, Terblanche JS, Nyamukondiwa C. Plasticity and cross-tolerance to heterogeneous environments: divergent stress responses co-evolved in an African fruit fly. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:98-110. [PMID: 29080375 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic adjustments of physiological tolerance to a particular stressor can result in fitness benefits for resistance that might manifest not only in that same environment but also be advantageous when faced with alternative environmental stressors, a phenomenon termed 'cross-tolerance'. The nature and magnitude of cross-tolerance responses can provide important insights into the underlying genetic architecture, potential constraints on or versatility of an organism's stress responses. In this study, we tested for cross-tolerance to a suite of abiotic factors that likely contribute to setting insect population dynamics and geographic range limits: heat, cold, desiccation and starvation resistance in adult Ceratitis rosa following acclimation to all these isolated individual conditions prior to stress assays. Traits of stress resistance scored included critical thermal (activity) limits, chill coma recovery time (CCRT), heat knockdown time (HKDT), desiccation and starvation resistance. In agreement with other studies, we found that acclimation to one stress typically increased resistance for that same stress experienced later in life. A more novel outcome, however, is that here we also found substantial evidence for cross-tolerance. For example, we found an improvement in heat tolerance (critical thermal maxima, CTmax ) following starvation or desiccation hardening and improved desiccation resistance following cold acclimation, indicating pronounced cross-tolerance to these environmental stressors for the traits examined. We also found that two different traits of the same stress resistance differed in their responsiveness to the same stress conditions (e.g. HKDT was less cross-resistant than CTmax ). The results of this study have two major implications that are of broader importance: (i) that these traits likely co-evolved to cope with diverse or simultaneous stressors, and (ii) that a set of common underlying physiological mechanisms might exist between apparently divergent stress responses in this species. This species may prove to be a valuable model for future work on the evolutionary and mechanistic basis of cross-tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Ju RT, Gao L, Wei SJ, Li B. Spring warming increases the abundance of an invasive specialist insect: links to phenology and life history. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14805. [PMID: 29093523 PMCID: PMC5665933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under global warming, shifts in phenological synchrony between insects and host plants (i.e., changes in the relative timing of the interaction) may reduce resource availability to specialist insects. Some specialists, however, can flexibly track the shifts in host-plant phenology, allowing them to obtain sufficient resources and therefore to benefit from rising temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of experimental warming on the life history of an invasive, specialist lace bug (Corythucha ciliata) and on the leaf expansion of its host plant (Platanus × acerifolia) in two spring seasons under field conditions in Shanghai, China. We found that a 2 °C increase in mean air temperature advanced the timing of the expansion of host leaves and of the activities of overwintering adult insects in both years but did not disrupt their synchrony. Warming also directly increased the reproduction of overwintering adults and enhanced the development and survival of their offspring. These results indicate that C. ciliata can well track the earlier emergence of available resources in response to springtime warming. Such plasticity, combined with the direct effects of rising temperatures, may increase the insect’s population size and outbreak potential in eastern China under climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Shu-Juan Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Shah AA, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK. Thermal Acclimation Ability Varies in Temperate and Tropical Aquatic Insects from Different Elevations. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:977-987. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
233
|
Zheng J, Cheng X, Hoffmann AA, Zhang B, Ma CS. Are adult life history traits in oriental fruit moth affected by a mild pupal heat stress? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 102:36-41. [PMID: 28899752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress at one life stage can affect fitness at a later stage in ectotherms with complex life cycles. Most relevant studies have focused on extreme stress levels, but here we also show substantial fitness effects in a moth when pupae are exposed to a relatively mild and sublethal heat stress. We consider the impact of a 35°C heat stress of 2h in three geographically separate populations of the oriental fruit moth (OFM, Grapholita molesta) from northern, middle and southern China. Heat stress negatively affected fecundity but increased adult heat resistance and adult longevity. Fitness effects were mostly consistent across populations but there were also some population differences. In the Shenyang population from northern China, there was a hormetic effect of heat on female longevity not evident in the other populations. Adults from all populations had higher LT50s due to heat stress after pupal exposure to the sublethal stress. These results highlight that the pupal stage is a particularly sensitive window for development and they have implications for seasonal adaptation in uncertain environments as well as changes in pest dynamics under climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zheng
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiongbin Cheng
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Matsuda N, Kanbe T, Akimoto SI, Numata H. Transgenerational seasonal timer for suppression of sexual morph production in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:1-6. [PMID: 28610748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many aphid species switch reproductive modes seasonally, with the sexual generations appearing in autumn. Sexual generations are induced by short days. It has been reported that the appearance of sexual morphs is suppressed by a transgenerational factor (a seasonal timer) over several generations after hatching from overwintered eggs. The present study examined whether the seasonal timer measures the number of days from hatching or the number of generations from hatching using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera: Aphididae). Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the seasonal timer were also examined by successive rearing. The ability to produce sexual morphs was strongly suppressed in stem mothers (the foundress generation), and gradually recovered over successive generations produced during a few months. The duration for which the seasonal timer could function depended on the number of days from hatching and temperature, but not on photoperiod or the number of generations from hatching. We thus showed in a single study that the seasonal timer of the pea aphid has all the physiological characteristics shown in separate studies in different aphid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Akimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideharu Numata
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Klockmann M, Kleinschmidt F, Fischer K. Carried over: Heat stress in the egg stage reduces subsequent performance in a butterfly. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180968. [PMID: 28708887 PMCID: PMC5510857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing heat stress caused by anthropogenic climate change may pose a substantial challenge to biodiversity due to associated detrimental effects on survival and reproduction. Therefore, heat tolerance has recently received substantial attention, but its variation throughout ontogeny and effects carried over from one developmental stage to another remained largely neglected. To explore to what extent stress experienced early in life affects later life stages, we here investigate effects of heat stress experienced in the egg stage throughout ontogeny in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We found that detrimental effects of heat stress in the egg stage were detectable in hatchlings, larvae and even resulting adults, as evidenced by decreased survival, growth, and body mass. This study shows that even in holometabalous insects with discrete life stages effects of stress experienced early in life are carried over to later stages, substantially reducing subsequent fitness. We argue that such effects need to be considered when trying to forecast species responses to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klockmann
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Münzbergová Z, Hadincová V. Transgenerational plasticity as an important mechanism affecting response of clonal species to changing climate. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5236-5247. [PMID: 28770062 PMCID: PMC5528211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the increasing number of studies on the importance of transgenerational plasticity for species response to novel environments, its effects on species ability to respond to climate change are still largely unexplored. We study the importance of transgenerational plasticity for response of a clonal species Festuca rubra. Individuals from four natural populations representing two levels of temperature and two levels of precipitation were cultivated in four growth chambers that simulate the temperature and precipitation of origin of the populations (maternal phase). Each population was represented in each growth chamber. After 6 months, single young ramets of these plants were reshuffled among the growth chambers and let to grow for additional 2 months (offspring phase). The results show that transgenerational effects (i.e., maternal phase conditions) significantly modify species response to novel climates, and the direction and intensity of the response depend on the climate of origin of the plants. For traits related to recourse acquisition, the conditions of maternal phase, either alone or in interaction mainly with climate of origin, had stronger effect than the conditions of cultivation. Overall, the maternal climate interacted more intensively with the climate of origin than with the offspring climate. The direction of the effect of the maternal climate was of different directions and intensities depending on plant origin and trait studied. The data demonstrated strong significant effects of conditions during maternal phase on species response to novel climates. These transgenerational affects were, however, not adaptive. Still, transgenerational plasticity may be an important driver of species response to novel conditions across clonal generations. These effects thus need to be carefully considered in future studies exploring species response to novel climates. This will also have strong effects on species performance under increasingly variable climates expected to occur with the climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Věroslava Hadincová
- Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Hoffmann AA. Rapid adaptation of invertebrate pests to climatic stress? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 21:7-13. [PMID: 28822492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is surprisingly little information on adaptive responses of pests and disease vectors to climatic stresses even though the short generation times and large population sizes associated with pests make rapid adaptation likely. Most evidence of adaptive differentiation has been obtained from geographic comparisons and these can directly or indirectly indicate rates of adaptation where historical data on invasions are available. There is very little information on adaptive shifts in pests detected through molecular comparisons even though the genomes of many pests are now available and can help to identify markers underlying adaptation. While the limited evidence available points to frequent rapid adaptation that can affect pest and disease vector control, constraints to adaptation are also evident and a predictive framework around the likelihood and limits of rapid adaptation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Coggins BL, Collins JW, Holbrook KJ, Yampolsky LY. Antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and lipid composition changes during long-term and short-term thermal acclimation in Daphnia. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
239
|
Pieterse W, Terblanche JS, Addison P. Do thermal tolerances and rapid thermal responses contribute to the invasion potential of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:1-6. [PMID: 27845146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) has shown remarkable range expansion over the past 10years and invaded several new continents including Africa. Here we report results of a detailed assessment of acute high and low temperature survival ability and the plasticity thereof, to test the hypothesis that traits of the thermal niche have contributed to the species' invasion ability. We also assess life-stage-related variation of thermal tolerances to determine potential stage-related environmental sensitivity. The temperatures at which c. 20% of the population survived of B. dorsalis were determined to be -6.5°C and 42.7°C, respectively, when using 2h exposures. Further, four life stages of B. dorsalis (egg, 3rd instar larvae, pupae and adults) were exposed to high and low discriminating temperatures to compare their thermal survival rates. The egg stage was found to be the most resistant life stage to both high and low temperatures, since 44±2.3% survived the low and 60±4.2% survived the high discriminating temperature treatments respectively. Finally, the potential for adult hardening responses to mediate tolerance of extremes was also considered using a diverse range of acute conditions (using 2h exposures to 15°C, 10°C and 5°C and 30°C, 35°C, 37°C and 39°C as hardening temperatures, and some treatments with and without recovery periods between hardening and discriminating temperature treatment). These showed that although some significant hardening responses could be detected in certain treatments (e.g. after exposure to 37°C and 39°C), the magnitude of this plasticity was generally low compared to two other wide-spread and more geographically-range-restricted con-familial species, Ceratitis capitata and C. rosa. In other words, Bactrocera dorsalis adults were unable to rapidly heat- or cold-harden to the same extent as the other Ceratitis species examined to date. These results suggest a narrower thermal niche in B. dorsalis compared to these Ceratitis species - in both basal and plastic terms - and suggests that its geographic distribution might be more restricted in consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Welma Pieterse
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Diamond SE, Chick L, Perez A, Strickler SA, Martin RA. Rapid evolution of ant thermal tolerance across an urban-rural temperature cline. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
241
|
Comte L, Olden JD. Evolutionary and environmental determinants of freshwater fish thermal tolerance and plasticity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:728-736. [PMID: 27406402 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which phylogenetic constraints and adaptive evolutionary forces help define the physiological sensitivity of species is critical for anticipating climate-related impacts in aquatic environments. Yet, whether upper thermal tolerance and plasticity are shaped by common evolutionary and environmental mechanisms remains to be tested. Based on a systematic literature review, we investigated this question in 82 freshwater fish species (27 families) representing 829 experiments for which data existed on upper thermal limits and it was possible to estimate plasticity using upper thermal tolerance reaction norms. Our findings indicated that there are strong phylogenetic signals in both thermal tolerances and acclimation capacity, although it is weaker in the latter. We found that upper thermal tolerances are correlated with the temperatures experienced by species across their range, likely because of spatially autocorrelated processes in which closely related species share similar selection pressures and limited dispersal from ancestral environments. No association with species thermal habitat was found for acclimation capacity. Instead, species with the lowest physiological plasticity also displayed the highest thermal tolerances, reflecting to some extent an evolutionary trade-off between these two traits. Although our study demonstrates that macroecological climatic niche features measured from species distributions are likely to provide a good approximation of freshwater fish sensitivity to climate change, disentangling the mechanisms underlying both acute and chronic heat tolerances may help to refine predictions regarding climate change-related range shifts and extinctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Comte
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C, Strathie L, Fischer K. Effects of Thermal Regimes, Starvation and Age on Heat Tolerance of the Parthenium Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) following Dynamic and Static Protocols. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169371. [PMID: 28052099 PMCID: PMC5215736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature and resource availability are key elements known to limit the occurrence and survival of arthropods in the wild. In the current era of climate change, critical thermal limits and the factors affecting these may be of particular importance. We therefore investigated the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of adult Zygogramma bicolorata beetles, a biological control agent for the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus, in relation to thermal acclimation, hardening, age, and food availability using static (constant) and dynamic (ramping) protocols. Increasing temperatures and exposure times reduced heat survival. In general, older age and lack of food reduced heat tolerance, suggesting an important impact of resource availability. Acclimation at constant temperatures did not affect CTmax, while fluctuating thermal conditions resulted in a substantial increase. Hardening at 33°C and 35°C improved heat survival in fed young and mid-aged but only partly in old beetles, while CTmax remained unaffected by hardening throughout. These findings stress the importance of methodology when assessing heat tolerance. Temperature data recorded in the field revealed that upper thermal limits are at least occasionally reached in nature. Our results therefore suggest that the occurrence of heat waves may influence the performance and survival of Z. bicolorata, potentially impacting on its field establishment and effectiveness as a biological control agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, College of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Lorraine Strathie
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute & Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Johnstone M, Schiffer M, Hoffmann AA. Separating multiple sources of variation on heat resistance in Drosophila hydei. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:122-127. [PMID: 27816712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While numerous insect studies have demonstrated the effects environmental conditions, genetic variation and other factors have on thermal resistance, often showing patterns consistent with adaptive plasticity and local adaptation, few experiments have considered the effects of multiple factors simultaneously. Here however, we have investigated the impact of sex, rearing conditions, hardening, population, and laboratory rearing period on adult heat resistance in stocks of Drosophila hydei, a cosmopolitan species that occurs across a range of climatic zones. We show that population and putative laboratory adaptation effects are larger than those associated with rearing temperature and hardening, although there was also a notable interaction between hardening and sex, in that females showed a cost of hardening that was not present in males. In separate experiments, we found that environmental effects across a generation were small and similar in magnitude to those within a generation. These findings suggest multiple sources of variation on heat resistance and place potential genetic versus environmental sources in context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Johnstone
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michele Schiffer
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Daintree Rainforest Observatory, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Etges WJ, de Oliveira CC, Rajpurohit S, Gibbs AG. Effects of temperature on transcriptome and cuticular hydrocarbon expression in ecologically differentiated populations of desert Drosophila. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:619-637. [PMID: 28116058 PMCID: PMC5243788 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of temperature differences on gene expression using whole-transcriptome microarrays and cuticular hydrocarbon variation in populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. Four populations from Baja California and mainland Mexico and Arizona were each reared on two different host cacti, reared to sexual maturity on laboratory media, and adults were exposed for 12 hr to 15, 25, or 35°C. Temperature differences influenced the expression of 3,294 genes, while population differences and host plants affected >2,400 each in adult flies. Enriched, functionally related groups of genes whose expression changed at high temperatures included heat response genes, as well as genes affecting chromatin structure. Gene expression differences between mainland and peninsular populations included genes involved in metabolism of secondary compounds, mitochondrial activity, and tRNA synthases. Flies reared on the ancestral host plant, pitaya agria cactus, showed upregulation of genes involved in metabolism, while flies reared on organ pipe cactus had higher expression of DNA repair and chromatin remodeling genes. Population × environment (G × E) interactions had widespread effects on the transcriptome where population × temperature interactions affected the expression of >5,000 orthologs, and there were >4,000 orthologs that showed temperature × host plant interactions. Adults exposed to 35°C had lower amounts of most cuticular hydrocarbons than those exposed to 15 or 25°C, including abundant unsaturated alkadienes. For insects adapted to different host plants and climatic regimes, our results suggest that temperature shifts associated with climate change have large and significant effects on transcriptomes of genetically differentiated natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Etges
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA
| | - Cássia C. de Oliveira
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA
- Present address: Math and Science DivisionLyon CollegeBatesvilleAR72501USA
| | - Subhash Rajpurohit
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNV 89919USA
- Present address: Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Allen G. Gibbs
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNV 89919USA
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
MacLean HJ, Kingsolver JG, Buckley LB. Historical changes in thermoregulatory traits of alpine butterflies reveal complex ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40665-016-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
246
|
Diamond SE, Martin RA. The interplay between plasticity and evolution in response to human-induced environmental change. F1000Res 2016; 5:2835. [PMID: 28003883 PMCID: PMC5147521 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9731.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some populations will cope with human-induced environmental change, and others will undergo extirpation; understanding the mechanisms that underlie these responses is key to forecasting responses to environmental change. In cases where organisms cannot disperse to track suitable habitats, plastic and evolved responses to environmental change will determine whether populations persist or perish. However, the majority of studies consider plasticity and evolution in isolation when in fact plasticity can shape evolution and plasticity itself can evolve. In particular, whether cryptic genetic variation exposed by environmental novelty can facilitate adaptive evolution has been a source of controversy and debate in the literature and has received even less attention in the context of human-induced environmental change. However, given that many studies indicate organisms will be unable to keep pace with environmental change, we need to understand how often and the degree to which plasticity can facilitate adaptive evolutionary change under novel environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Porcelli D, Gaston KJ, Butlin RK, Snook RR. Local adaptation of reproductive performance during thermal stress. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:422-429. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Porcelli
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - K. J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | - R. K. Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - R. R. Snook
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Murren CJ, Diamond SE, Auld JR, Relyea RA, Steiner UK, Kingsolver JG. Evolutionary divergence of reaction norms in ecological context: a commentary. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1909-1911. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Murren
- Department of Biology; College of Charleston; Charleston SC USA
| | - S. E. Diamond
- Department of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - J. R. Auld
- Department of Biology; West Chester University; West Chester PA USA
| | - R. A. Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences; Rensselaer Polytech Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - U. K. Steiner
- Department of Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Max-Planck Odense Center; Odense Denmark
| | - J. G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Diamond SE. Evolutionary potential of upper thermal tolerance: biogeographic patterns and expectations under climate change. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1389:5-19. [PMID: 27706832 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
How will organisms respond to climate change? The rapid changes in global climate are expected to impose strong directional selection on fitness-related traits. A major open question then is the potential for adaptive evolutionary change under these shifting climates. At the most basic level, evolutionary change requires the presence of heritable variation and natural selection. Because organismal tolerances of high temperature place an upper bound on responding to temperature change, there has been a surge of research effort on the evolutionary potential of upper thermal tolerance traits. Here, I review the available evidence on heritable variation in upper thermal tolerance traits, adopting a biogeographic perspective to understand how heritability of tolerance varies across space. Specifically, I use meta-analytical models to explore the relationship between upper thermal tolerance heritability and environmental variability in temperature. I also explore how variation in the methods used to obtain these thermal tolerance heritabilities influences the estimation of heritable variation in tolerance. I conclude by discussing the implications of a positive relationship between thermal tolerance heritability and environmental variability in temperature and how this might influence responses to future changes in climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Tejeda MT, Arredondo J, Liedo P, Pérez-Staples D, Ramos-Morales P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Reasons for success: Rapid evolution for desiccation resistance and life-history changes in the polyphagous flyAnastrepha ludens. Evolution 2016; 70:2583-2594. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Tejeda
- INBIOTECA; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz 91090 México
- Departamento de Cría; Programa Moscamed acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA; Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - José Arredondo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento; Desarrollo de Métodos; Programa Moscafrut acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Tapachula Chiapas 30700 México
| | | | - Patricia Ramos-Morales
- UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Genética y Toxicología Ambiental and Drosophila Stock Center México; Distrito Federal 04510 México
| | | |
Collapse
|