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Mapuranga J, Zhang N, Zhang L, Liu W, Chang J, Yang W. Harnessing genetic resistance to rusts in wheat and integrated rust management methods to develop more durable resistant cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951095. [PMID: 36311120 PMCID: PMC9614308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple foods on earth. Leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust, caused by Puccini triticina, Puccinia f. sp. graminis and Puccinia f. sp. striiformis, respectively, continue to threaten wheat production worldwide. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most effective and chemical-free strategy to control rust diseases. Convectional and molecular biology techniques identified more than 200 resistance genes and their associated markers from common wheat and wheat wild relatives, which can be used by breeders in resistance breeding programmes. However, there is continuous emergence of new races of rust pathogens with novel degrees of virulence, thus rendering wheat resistance genes ineffective. An integration of genomic selection, genome editing, molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection, and phenotypic evaluations is required in developing high quality wheat varieties with resistance to multiple pathogens. Although host genotype resistance and application of fungicides are the most generally utilized approaches for controlling wheat rusts, effective agronomic methods are required to reduce disease management costs and increase wheat production sustainability. This review gives a critical overview of the current knowledge of rust resistance, particularly race-specific and non-race specific resistance, the role of pathogenesis-related proteins, non-coding RNAs, and transcription factors in rust resistance, and the molecular basis of interactions between wheat and rust pathogens. It will also discuss the new advances on how integrated rust management methods can assist in developing more durable resistant cultivars in these pathosystems.
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Raouani NEH, Claverie E, Randoux B, Chaveriat L, Yaseen Y, Yada B, Martin P, Cabrera JC, Jacques P, Reignault P, Magnin-Robert M, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Bio-Inspired Rhamnolipids, Cyclic Lipopeptides and a Chito-Oligosaccharide Confer Protection against Wheat Powdery Mildew and Inhibit Conidia Germination. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196672. [PMID: 36235207 PMCID: PMC9571057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant protection is mainly based on the application of synthetic pesticides to limit yield losses resulting from diseases. However, the use of more eco-friendly strategies for sustainable plant protection has become a necessity that could contribute to controlling pathogens through a direct antimicrobial effect and/or an induction of plant resistance. Three different families of natural or bioinspired compounds originated from bacterial or fungal strains have been evaluated to protect wheat against powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt). Thus, three bio-inspired mono-rhamnolipids (smRLs), three cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs, mycosubtilin (M), fengycin (F), surfactin (S)) applied individually and in mixtures (M + F and M + F + S), as well as a chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) BioA187 were tested against Bgt, in planta and in vitro. Only the three smRLs (Rh-Eth-C12, Rh-Est-C12 and Rh-Succ-C12), the two CLP mixtures and the BioA187 led to a partial protection of wheat against Bgt. The higher inhibitor effects on the germination of Bgt spores in vitro were observed from smRLs Rh-Eth-C12 and Rh-Succ-C12, mycosubtilin and the two CLP mixtures. Taking together, these results revealed that such molecules could constitute promising tools for a more eco-friendly agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Houda Raouani
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, CEDEX CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Elodie Claverie
- Materia Nova ASBL, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, CEDEX CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Ludovic Chaveriat
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, Université d’Artois, UnilaSalle, CEDEX CS 20819, 62408 Béthune, France
| | - Yazen Yaseen
- Lipofabrik, Parc d’Activités du Mélantois, 917 Rue des Saules, 59810 Lesquin, France
| | - Bopha Yada
- Materia Nova ASBL, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Martin
- ULR 7519—Unité Transformations & Agroressources, Université d’Artois, UnilaSalle, CEDEX CS 20819, 62408 Béthune, France
| | | | - Philippe Jacques
- JUNIA, Joint Research Unit UMRt 1158-INRAE, BioEcoAgro, Équipe Métabolites Spécialisés d’Origine Végétale, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, University Artois, ULCO, 48, Boulevard Vauban, CEDEX BP 41290, 59014 Lille, France
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, Équipe Métabolites Spécialisés d’Origine Végétale, Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Philippe Reignault
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, CEDEX CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, CEDEX CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France
- Correspondence: (M.M.-R.); (A.L.-H.S.)
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (EA 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, CEDEX CS 80699, 62228 Calais, France
- Correspondence: (M.M.-R.); (A.L.-H.S.)
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203
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Li Y, Yu F. Uncovering the enigma of extracellular pH sensing in plants. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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204
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Schmidt W. pH sensing: Why plants can’t have it all. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1039-R1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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205
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Val-Torregrosa B, Bundó M, Mallavarapu MD, Chiou TJ, Flors V, San Segundo B. Loss-of-function of NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION confers disease resistance in Arabidopsis by modulating hormone signaling and camalexin content. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111374. [PMID: 35839945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an important macronutrient required for plant growth and development. It is absorbed by the roots in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Under Pi limiting conditions, plants activate the Phosphate Starvation Response (PSR) system to enhance Pi acquisition. The NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTION (NLA) gene is a component of the Arabidopsis PSR, and its expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR827. We show that loss-of-function of NLA and MIR827 overexpression increases Pi level and enhances resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Arabidopsis. Upon pathogen infection, high Pi plants (e.g. nla plants and wild type plants grown under high Pi supply) showed enhanced callose deposition. High Pi plants also exhibited superinduction of camalexin biosynthesis genes which is consistent with increased levels of camalexin during pathogen infection. Pathogen infection and treatment with fungal elicitors, triggered up-regulation of MIR827 and down-regulation of NLA expression. Under non-infection conditions, the nla plants showed increased levels of SA and JA compared with wild type plants, their levels further increasing upon pathogen infection. Overall, the outcomes of this study suggest that NLA plays a role in Arabidopsis immunity, while supporting convergence between Pi signaling and immune signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Val-Torregrosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mani Deepika Mallavarapu
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, 115 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Flors
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano, 117, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
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206
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Evaluating the Role of Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid in Rescuing Soybean Plant Health in The Presence of Pathogen-Induced Oxidative Stress. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101117. [PMID: 36297174 PMCID: PMC9611183 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcoal rot, caused by the soilborne hemibiotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is a prevalent and economically significant plant disease. It is hypothesized that M. phaseolina induces oxidative stress-mediated senescence in plants. Infection by M. phaseolina results in the host’s accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute toward basal defense. However, the production of ROS could also lead to cellular damage and senescence in host tissue. This study aimed to determine if ascorbic acid, a ROS scavenging molecule, could quench M. phaseolina-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in a soybean-M. phaseolina pathosystem. In vitro sensitivity tests showed that M. phaseolina isolates were sensitive to L-ascorbic acid (LAA) at concentrations of 10.5 to 14.3 mM based on IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) data. In planta cut-stem assays demonstrated that pre-treatment with 10 mM of either LAA (reduced form) or DHAA (dehydroascorbic acid; oxidized form) significantly decreased lesion length compared to the non-pretreated control and post-treatments with both ascorbic acid forms after M. phaseolina inoculation. Further, H2O2 quantification from ascorbic acid-pretreated tissue followed by M. phaseolina inoculation showed significantly less accumulation of H2O2 than the inoculated control or the mock-inoculated control. This result demonstrated that M. phaseolina not only induced H2O2 after host infection but also increased ROS-mediated senescence. This study shows the potential of ascorbic acid, an effective ROS scavenger, to limit ROS-mediated senescence associated with M. phaseolina infection.
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207
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Sun L, Qin J, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhang J. TOUCH 3 and CALMODULIN 1/4/6 cooperate with calcium-dependent protein kinases to trigger calcium-dependent activation of CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G and regulate fungal resistance in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4088-4104. [PMID: 35863056 PMCID: PMC9516039 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize localized cell-surface and intracellular receptors to sense microbes and activate the influx of calcium, which serves as an important second messenger in eukaryotes to regulate cellular responses. However, the mechanisms through which plants decipher calcium influx to activate immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we show that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger calcium-dependent phosphorylation of CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G (CBP60g) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE5 (CPK5) phosphorylates CBP60g directly, thereby enhancing its transcription factor activity. TOUCH 3 (TCH3) and its homologs CALMODULIN (CAM) 1/4/6 and CPK4/5/6/11 are required for PAMP-induced CBP60g phosphorylation. TCH3 interferes with the auto-inhibitory region of CPK5 and promotes CPK5-mediated CBP60g phosphorylation. Furthermore, CPKs-mediated CBP60g phosphorylation positively regulates plant resistance to soil-borne fungal pathogens. These lines of evidence uncover a novel calcium signal decoding mechanism during plant immunity through which TCH3 relieves auto-inhibition of CPK5 to phosphorylate and activate CBP60g. The findings reveal cooperative interconnections between different types of calcium sensors in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 710023, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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208
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Ahmad I, Jiménez-Gasco MDM, Luthe DS, Barbercheck ME. Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii suppresses the phytopathogen, Cochliobolus heterostrophus and modulates maize defenses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272944. [PMID: 36137142 PMCID: PMC9499252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and protection against stresses. Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) is an economically-significant phytopathogenic fungus that causes Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) in maize. We conducted greenhouse and lab-based experiments to determine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber on growth and defense in maize (Zea mays L.) infected with C. heterostrophus. We inoculated maize seeds with spores of M. robertsii and, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage, the youngest true leaf of M. robertsii-treated and untreated control plants with spores of C. heterostrophus. After 96 h, we measured maize height, above-ground biomass, endophytic colonization by M. robertsii, severity of SCLB, and expression of plant defense genes and phytohormone content. We recovered M. robertsii from 74% of plants grown from treated seed. The severity of SCLB in M. robertsii-treated maize plants was lower than in plants inoculated only with C. heterostrophus. M. robertsii-treated maize inoculated or not inoculated with C. heterostrophus showed greater height and above-ground biomass compared with untreated control plants. Height and above-ground biomass of maize co-inoculated with M. robertsii and C. heterostrophus were not different from M. robertsii-treated maize. M. robertsii modulated the expression of defense genes and the phytohormone content in maize inoculated with C. heterostrophus compared with plants not inoculated with C. heterostrophus and control plants. These results suggest that endophytic M. robertsii can promote maize growth and reduce development of SCLB, possibly by induced systemic resistance mediated by modulation of phytohormones and expression of defense and growth-related genes in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
| | - María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dawn S. Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Barbercheck
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (IA)
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209
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Ogasahara T, Kouzai Y, Watanabe M, Takahashi A, Takahagi K, Kim JS, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Time-series transcriptome of Brachypodium distachyon during bacterial flagellin-induced pattern-triggered immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004184. [PMID: 36186055 PMCID: PMC9521188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants protect themselves from microorganisms by inducing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) via recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), conserved across many microbes. Although the MAMP perception mechanism and initial events during PTI have been well-characterized, knowledge of the transcriptomic changes in plants, especially monocots, is limited during the intermediate and terminal stages of PTI. Here, we report a time-series high-resolution RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis during PTI in the leaf disks of Brachypodium distachyon. We identified 6,039 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves sampled at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after treatment (hat) with the bacterial flagellin peptide flg22. The k-means clustering method classified these DEGs into 10 clusters (6 upregulated and 4 downregulated). Based on the results, we selected 10 PTI marker genes in B. distachyon. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested a tradeoff between defense responses and photosynthesis during PTI. The data indicated the recovery of photosynthesis started at least at 12 hat. Over-representation analysis of transcription factor genes and cis-regulatory elements in DEG promoters implied the contribution of 12 WRKY transcription factors in plant defense at the early stage of PTI induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Ogasahara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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210
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Ahmad S, Chen G, Huang J, Yang K, Hao Y, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Lan S, Liu Z, Peng D. Beauty and the pathogens: A leaf-less control presents a better image of Cymbidium orchids defense strategy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001427. [PMID: 36176684 PMCID: PMC9513425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is a safe way of combating plant diseases using the living organisms. For the precise use of microbial biological control agents, the genetic information on the hypersensitive response (HR), and defense-related gene induction pathways of plants are necessary. Orchids are the most prominent stakeholders of floriculture industry, and owing to their long-awaited flowering pattern, disease control is imperative to allow healthy vegetative growth that spans more than 2 years in most of the orchids. We observed leaf-less flowering in three orchid species (Cymbidium ensifolium, C. goeringii and C. sinense). Using these materials as reference, we performed transcriptome profiling for healthy leaves from non-infected plants to identify genes specifically involved in plant-pathogen interaction pathway. For this pathway, a total of 253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in C. ensifolium, 189 DEGs were identified in C. goeringii and 119 DEGs were found in C. sinense. These DEGs were mainly related to bacterial secretion systems, FLS2, CNGCs and EFR, regulating HR, stomatal closure and defense-related gene induction. FLS2 (LRR receptor-like serine/threonine kinase) contained the highest number of DEGs among three orchid species, followed by calmodulin. Highly upregulated gene sets were found in C. sinense as compared to other species. The great deal of DEGs, mainly the FLS2 and EFR families, related to defense and immunity responses can effectively direct the future of biological control of diseases for orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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211
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Ji L, Yang X, Qi F. Distinct Responses to Pathogenic and Symbionic Microorganisms: The Role of Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810427. [PMID: 36142339 PMCID: PMC9499406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants must balance both beneficial (symbiotic) and pathogenic challenges from microorganisms, the former benefitting the plant and agriculture and the latter causing disease and economic harm. Plant innate immunity describes a highly conserved set of defense mechanisms that play pivotal roles in sensing immunogenic signals associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and subsequent downstream activation of signaling effector networks that protect the plant. An intriguing question is how the innate immune system distinguishes “friends” from “foes”. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role and spectrum of innate immunity in recognizing and responding to different microbes. In addition, we also review some of the strategies used by microbes to manipulate plant signaling pathways and thus evade immunity, with emphasis on the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we discuss potential questions that need addressing to advance the field of plant–microbe interactions.
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212
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Membrane Localized GbTMEM214s Participate in Modulating Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182342. [PMID: 36145743 PMCID: PMC9505811 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt (VW) is a soil-borne fungal disease caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb, which leads to serious damage to cotton production annually in the world. In our previous study, a transmembrane protein 214 protein (TMEM214) gene associated with VW resistance was map-based cloned from Gossypium barbadense (G. barbadense). TMEM214 proteins are a kind of transmembrane protein, but their function in plants is rarely studied. To reveal the function of TMEM214s in VW resistance, all six TMEM214s were cloned from G. barbadense in this study. These genes were named as GbTMEM214-1_A/D, GbTMEM214-4_A/D and GbTMEM214-7_A/D, according to their location on the chromosomes. The encoded proteins are all located on the cell membrane. TMEM214 genes were all induced with Verticillium dahliae inoculation and showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible varieties, but the expression patterns of GbTMEM214s under different hormone treatments were significantly different. Virus-induced gene silencing analysis showed the resistance to VW of GbTMEM214s-silenced lines decreased significantly, which further proves the important role of GbTMEM214s in the resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Our study provides an insight into the involvement of GbTMEM214s in VW resistance, which was helpful to better understand the disease-resistance mechanism of plants.
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213
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Volatile uptake, transport, perception, and signaling shape a plant's nose. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:695-702. [PMID: 36062590 PMCID: PMC9528081 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles regulate defenses in undamaged neighboring plants. Understanding the mechanisms by which plant volatiles are taken up, perceived, and translated into canonical defense signaling pathways is an important frontier of knowledge. Volatiles can enter plants through stomata and the cuticle. They are likely perceived by membrane-associated receptors as well as intracellular receptors. The latter likely involves metabolization and transport across cell membranes by volatile transporters. Translation of volatiles into defense priming and induction typically involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), WRKY transcription factors, and jasmonates. We propose that the broad range of molecular processes involved in volatile signaling will likely result in substantial spatiotemporal and ontogenetic variation in plant responsiveness to volatiles, with important consequences for plant–environment interactions.
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214
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Yu H, Ruan H, Xia X, Chicowski AS, Whitham SA, Li Z, Wang G, Liu W. Maize FERONIA-like receptor genes are involved in the response of multiple disease resistance in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1331-1345. [PMID: 35596601 PMCID: PMC9366073 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are key modulators of diverse cellular processes such as development and sensing the extracellular environment. FERONIA, a member of the CrRLK1L subfamily, acts as a pleiotropic regulator of plant immune responses, but little is known about how maize FERONIA-like receptors (FLRs) function in responding to the major foliar diseases of maize such as northern corn leaf blight (NLB), northern corn leaf spot (NLS), anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), and southern corn leaf blight (SLB). Here, we identified three ZmFLR homologous proteins that showed cell membrane localization. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana proved that ZmFLRs were capable of inducing cell death. To investigate the role of ZmFLRs in maize, we used virus-induced gene silencing to knock down expression of ZmFLR1/2 and ZmFLR3 resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species production induced by flg22 and chitin. The resistance of maize to NLB, NLS, ASR, and SLB was also reduced in the ZmFLRs knockdown maize plants. These results indicate that ZmFLRs are positively involved in broad-spectrum disease resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Yu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongchun Ruan
- Institute of Plant ProtectionFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
| | - Xinyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Steven A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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215
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Yamazaki A, Battenberg K, Shimoda Y, Hayashi M. NDR1/HIN1-Like Protein 13 Interacts with Symbiotic Receptor Kinases and Regulates Nodulation in Lotus japonicus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:845-856. [PMID: 36107197 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0263-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysin-motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are involved in the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). LysM-RLKs are also required for recognition of microbe-derived symbiotic signal molecules upon establishing mutualistic interactions between plants and microsymbionts. A LysM-RLK CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1) plays central roles both in chitin-mediated PTI and in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, suggesting the overlap between immunity and symbiosis, at least in the signal perception and the activation of downstream signal cascades. In this study, we screened for the interacting proteins of Nod factor Receptor1 (NFR1), a CERK1 homolog in the model legume Lotus japonicus, and obtained a protein orthologous to NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE1/HARPIN-INDUCED1-LIKE13 (NHL13), a protein involved in the activation of innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana, which we named LjNHL13a. LjNHL13a interacted with NFR1 and with the symbiosis receptor kinase SymRK. LjNHL13a also displayed positive effects in nodulation. Our results suggest that NHL13 plays a role both in plant immunity and symbiosis, possibly where they overlap. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamazaki
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kai Battenberg
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shimoda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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216
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Liu L, Song W, Huang S, Jiang K, Moriwaki Y, Wang Y, Men Y, Zhang D, Wen X, Han Z, Chai J, Guo H. Extracellular pH sensing by plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes. Cell 2022; 185:3341-3355.e13. [PMID: 35998629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular pH is a vital regulator of various biological processes in plants. However, how plants perceive extracellular pH remains obscure. Here, we report that plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes can function as extracellular pH sensors. We found that pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) dramatically alkalinizes the acidic extracellular pH in root apical meristem (RAM) region, which is essential for root meristem growth factor 1 (RGF1)-mediated RAM growth. The extracellular alkalinization progressively inhibits the acidic-dependent interaction between RGF1 and its receptors (RGFRs) through the pH sensor sulfotyrosine. Conversely, extracellular alkalinization promotes the alkaline-dependent binding of plant elicitor peptides (Peps) to its receptors (PEPRs) through the pH sensor Glu/Asp, thereby promoting immunity. A domain swap between RGFR and PEPR switches the pH dependency of RAM growth. Thus, our results reveal a mechanism of extracellular pH sensing by plant peptide-receptor complexes and provide insights into the extracellular pH-mediated regulation of growth and immunity in the RAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Wen Song
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Academy for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yoshitaka Moriwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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217
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He Y, Wu Z, Chen S, Wang J, Zhu L, Xie J, Zhou C, Zou S. Activation of the pattern recognition receptor NOD1 in periodontitis impairs the osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells via p38/MAPK signalling. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13330. [PMID: 36043447 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nucleotide oligomerization domain receptor 1 (NOD1) mediates host recognition of pathogenic bacteria in periodontium. However, the specific role of NOD1 in regulating osteogenesis is unclear. Therefore, this study focused on the activation status of NOD1 in periodontitis and its effect on the osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Histological staining and Western blot were utilized to assess NOD1 expression in the periodontium of people with or without periodontitis. HPDLSCs were cultured under NOD1 agonist or antagonist treatment. Q-PCR and Western blot were employed to assess the expression of osteogenic marker genes and proteins. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were used to determine the osteogenic capability of hPDLSCs. The activation of downstream signalling was determined and specific inhibitors were utilized to confirm the signalling pathway in NOD1-regulated osteogenesis. RESULTS NOD1 expression is significantly elevated in periodontitis. With NOD1 activated by particular agonist tri-DAP, the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs was impaired. NOD1 antagonist co-incubation partially restored the decreased osteogenesis in hPDLSCs. P38/MAPK was phosphorylated in tri-DAP-induced NOD1 activation. The inhibitor of p38 rescued the suppression of osteogenesis induced by tri-DAP in hPDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the expression status of NOD1 in periodontitis. Its activation greatly decreased the osteogenic capacity of hPDLSCs which was mediated by the phosphorylation of p38 downstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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218
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Kudjordjie EN, Hooshmand K, Sapkota R, Darbani B, Fomsgaard IS, Nicolaisen M. Fusarium oxysporum Disrupts Microbiome-Metabolome Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0122622. [PMID: 35766498 PMCID: PMC9430778 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01226-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the plant host metabolome drives distinct enrichment of detrimental and beneficial members of the microbiome, the mechanistic interomics relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we studied microbiome and metabolome profiles of two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions after Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. mathioli (FOM) inoculation, Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) being susceptible and Col-0 being resistant against FOM. By using bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing and targeted metabolite analysis, we observed highly dynamic microbiome and metabolome profiles across FOM host progression, while being markedly different between FOM-inoculated and noninoculated Col-0 and Ler-0. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed more robust microbial networks in the resistant Col-0 compared to Ler-0 during FOM infection. Correlation analysis revealed distinct metabolite-OTU correlations in Ler-0 compared with Col-0 which could possibly be explained by missense variants of the Rfo3 and Rlp2 genes in Ler-0. Remarkably, we observed positive correlations in Ler-0 between most of the analyzed metabolites and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, and negative correlations with Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi. The glucosinolates 4-methyoxyglucobrassicin, glucoerucin and indole-3 carbinol, but also phenolic compounds were strongly correlating with the relative abundances of indicator and hub OTUs and thus could be active in structuring the A. thaliana root-associated microbiome. Our results highlight interactive effects of host plant defense and root-associated microbiota on Fusarium infection and progression. Our findings provide significant insights into plant interomic dynamics during pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate future exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control. IMPORTANCE Plant health and fitness are determined by plant-microbe interactions which are guided by host-synthesized metabolites. To understand the orchestration of this interaction, we analyzed the distinct interomic dynamics in resistant and susceptible Arabidopsis ecotypes across different time points after infection with Fusarium oxysporum (FOM). Our results revealed distinct microbial profiles and network resilience during FOM infection in the resistant Col-0 compared with the susceptible Ler-0 and further pinpointed specific microbe-metabolite associations in the Arabidopsis microbiome. These findings provide significant insights into plant interomics dynamics that are likely affecting fungal pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate future exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Behrooz Darbani
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S. Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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219
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Wan C, Liu Y, Tian S, Guo J, Bai X, Zhu H, Kang Z, Guo J. A serine-rich effector from the stripe rust pathogen targets a Raf-like kinase to suppress host immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:762-778. [PMID: 35567492 PMCID: PMC9434189 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an important obligate pathogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and secretes effectors into plant cells to promote infection. Identifying host targets of effector proteins and clarifying their roles in pathogen infection is essential for understanding pathogen virulence. In this study, we identified a serine-rich effector, Pst27791, from Pst that suppresses cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Stable overexpression of Pst27791 in wheat suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation and the salicylic acid-dependent defense response. Transgenic wheat expressing the RNA interference construct of Pst27791 exhibited high resistance to Pst virulent isolate CYR31, indicating its importance in pathogenesis. Pst27791 interacting with wheat rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)-like kinase TaRaf46 in yeast and in planta. Knocking down TaRaf46 expression in wheat attenuated Pst infection and increased wheat immunity. The overexpression of TaRaf46 decreased wheat resistance to Pst and repressed MAPK activation in wheat. Pst27791 may stabilize TaRaf46 through the inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation in N. benthamiana. The ability of Pst27791 to enhance Pst colonization was compromised when TaRaf46 was silenced, suggesting that the virulence of Pst27791 is mediated by TaRaf46. Overall, these results indicate that Raf-like kinase TaRaf46 is exploited by the Pst effector as a negative regulator of plant immunity to promote infection in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haochuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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220
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Li X, Li Y. CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE5 (CRK5) and CRK22 regulate the response to Verticillium dahliae toxins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:714-731. [PMID: 35674361 PMCID: PMC9434262 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) play critical roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of CRKs in plant defense responses remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that two CRKs, CRK5 and CRK22, are involved in regulating defense responses to Verticillium dahliae toxins (Vd-toxins) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that CRK5 and CRK22 may act upstream of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6 to regulate the salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway in response to Vd-toxins. In addition, MPK3 and MPK6 interact with the transcription factor WRKY70 to modulate defense responses to Vd-toxins. WRKY70 directly binds the promoter domains of the SA-signaling-related transcription factor genes TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA2) and TGA6 to regulate their expression in response to Vd-toxins. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism by which CRK5 and CRK22 regulate SA signaling through the MPK3/6-WRKY70-TGA2/6 pathway in response to Vd-toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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221
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Abulfaraj AA, Alhoraibi HM, Mariappan K, Bigeard J, Zhang H, Almeida-Trapp M, Artyukh O, Abdulhakim F, Parween S, Pflieger D, Blilou I, Hirt H, Rayapuram N. Analysis of the Arabidopsis coilin mutant reveals a positive role of AtCOILIN in plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:745-761. [PMID: 35674377 PMCID: PMC9434284 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins occurs in dynamic subnuclear compartments called Cajal bodies (CBs). COILIN is a critical scaffolding component essential for CB formation, composition, and activity. We recently showed that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtCOILIN is phosphorylated in response to bacterial elicitor treatment. Here, we further investigated the role of AtCOILIN in plant innate immunity. Atcoilin mutants are compromised in defense responses to bacterial pathogens. Besides confirming a role of AtCOILIN in alternative splicing (AS), Atcoilin showed differential expression of genes that are distinct from those of AS, including factors involved in RNA biogenesis, metabolism, plant immunity, and phytohormones. Atcoilin mutant plants have reduced levels of defense phytohormones. As expected, the mutant plants were more sensitive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our findings reveal an important role for AtCOILIN in innate plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala A Abulfaraj
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanna M Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Mariappan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Corelabs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Artyukh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Abdulhakim
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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222
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Sharma A, Abrahamian P, Carvalho R, Choudhary M, Paret ML, Vallad GE, Jones JB. Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:259-282. [PMID: 35790244 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations. Increased scrutiny of the impact of pesticides on human and environmental health underscores the need for alternative solutions that are durable, sustainable, accessible to farmers, and environmentally friendly. In this review, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of existing practices and dissect recent advances that may shape the future of bacterial disease management. We conclude that disease resistance through genome modification may be the most effective arsenal against bacterial diseases. Nonetheless, more research is necessary for developing novel bacterial disease management tactics to meet the food demand of a growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Peter Abrahamian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
- Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostic Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Renato Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Mathews L Paret
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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223
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Rutter WB, Franco J, Gleason C. Rooting Out the Mechanisms of Root-Knot Nematode-Plant Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:43-76. [PMID: 35316614 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-120943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) engage in complex parasitic interactions with many different host plants around the world, initiating elaborate feeding sites and disrupting host root architecture. Although RKNs have been the focus of research for many decades, new molecular tools have provided useful insights into the biological mechanisms these pests use to infect and manipulate their hosts. From identifying host defense mechanisms underlying resistance to RKNs to characterizing nematode effectors that alter host cellular functions, the past decade of research has significantly expanded our understanding of RKN-plant interactions, and the increasing number of quality parasite and host genomes promises to enhance future research efforts into RKNs. In this review, we have highlighted recent discoveries, summarized the current understanding within the field, and provided links to new and useful resources for researchers. Our goal is to offer insights and tools to support the study of molecular RKN-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Rutter
- US Vegetable Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Franco
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA;
| | - Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA;
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224
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Huang Y, Ma H, Yue Y, Zhou T, Zhu Z, Wang C. Integrated transcriptomic and transgenic analyses reveal potential mechanisms of poplar resistance to Alternaria alternata infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:413. [PMID: 36008749 PMCID: PMC9404672 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus davidiana × P. bollena is a species of poplar from northeastern China that is characterized by cold resistance and fast growth but now suffers from pathogen infections. Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become a common poplar disease that causes serious economic impacts, but the molecular mechanisms of resistance to A. alternata in P. davidiana × P. bollena are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, the transcriptomic response of P. davidiana × P. bollena to A. alternata infection was determined via RNA-Seq. Twelve cDNA libraries were generated from RNA isolated from three biological replicates at four time points (0, 2, 3, and 4 d post inoculation), and a total of 5,930 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (| log2 fold change |≥ 1 and FDR values < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched for the "plant hormone signal transduction" pathway, followed by the "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathway. In addition, DEGs that encode defense-related proteins and are related to ROS metabolism were also identified. Numerous transcription factors, such as the bHLH, WRKY and MYB families, were also induced by A. alternata infection. Among these DEGs, those related to JA biosynthesis and JA signal transduction were consistently activated. Therefore, the lipoxygenase gene PdbLOX2, which is involved in JA biosynthesis, was selected for functional characterization. Overexpression of PdbLOX2 enhanced the resistance of P. davidiana × P. bollena to A. alternata, whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A. alternata infection. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of poplar resistance to A. alternata infection and provide candidate genes for breeding resistant cultivars using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Huijun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yuanzhi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Tianchang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040 China
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225
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Rodríguez-Gómez G, Vargas-Mejía P, Silva-Rosales L. Differential Expression of Genes between a Tolerant and a Susceptible Maize Line in Response to a Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081803. [PMID: 36016425 PMCID: PMC9415032 DOI: 10.3390/v14081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover novel genes associated with the Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) response, we used RNA-Seq data to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcript expression pattern clusters between a tolerant/resistant (CI-RL1) and a susceptible (B73) line, in addition to the F1 progeny (CI-RL1xB73). A Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of DEGs led us to propose three genes possibly associated with the CI-RL1 response: a heat shock 90-2 protein and two ABC transporters. Through a clustering analysis of the transcript expression patterns (CTEPs), we identified two genes putatively involved in viral systemic spread: the maize homologs to the PIEZO channel (ZmPiezo) and to the Potyvirus VPg Interacting Protein 1 (ZmPVIP1). We also observed the complex behavior of the maize eukaryotic factors ZmeIF4E and Zm-elfa (involved in translation), homologs to eIF4E and eEF1α in A. thaliana. Together, the DEG and CTEPs results lead us to suggest that the tolerant/resistant CI-RL1 response to the SCMV encompasses the action of diverse genes and, for the first time, that maize translation factors are associated with viral interaction.
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226
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Ji W, Zhao M, Fei N, Yang L, Qiao P, Walcott R, Yang Y, Zhao T. Essential Acidovorax citrulli Virulence Gene hrpE Activates Host Immune Response against Pathogen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169144. [PMID: 36012409 PMCID: PMC9409176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a devastating watermelon disease that severely impacts the global watermelon industry. Like other Gram-negative bacteria, the type three secretion system (T3SS) is the main pathogenicity factor of A. citrulli. The T3SS apparatus gene hrpE codes for the Hrp pilus and serves as a conduit to secret effector proteins into host cells. In this study, we found that the deletion of hrpE in A. citrulli results in the loss of pathogenicity on hosts and the hypersensitive response on non-hosts. In addition, the A. citrulli hrpE mutant showed a reduction in in vitro growth, in planta colonization, swimming and twitching motility, and displayed increases in biofilm formation ability compared to the wild type. However, when HrpE was transiently expressed in hosts, the defense responses, including reactive oxygen species bursts, callose deposition, and expression of defense-related genes, were activated. Thus, the A. Citrulli growth in HrpE-pretreated hosts was suppressed. These results indicated that HrpE is essential for A. citrulli virulence but can also be used by hosts to help resist A. citrulli. Our findings provide a better understanding of the T3SS pathogenesis in A. citrulli, thus providing a molecular basis for biopesticide development, and facilitating the effective control of BFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nuoya Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ron Walcott
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yuwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tingchang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (T.Z.)
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227
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Zhu X, Mu K, Wan Y, Zhang L. Evolutionary history of the NLR gene families across lophotrochozoans. Gene 2022; 843:146807. [PMID: 35964873 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes are critical innate immune receptors in animals and plants. Lophotrochozoans represent one of the most species-rich superphyla that includes molluscs, segmented worms, flatworms, bryozoans, and other invertebrates, which is crucial to our understanding of immune system evolution in bilaterians. However, NLRs have not been systematically described in lophotrochozoans. We annotated 185 NLRs in 29 lophotrochozoan genomes, and analyzed their domain organization, phylogenetic distribution, molecular evolution, and gene expression. We found that all the 24 molluscan genomes studied encoded no more than three NLRs. None of these molluscan NLRs represented an inducible expression pattern under the infection of eight pathogens; some molluscan NLRs showed developmental stage-specific expression patterns. Instead, 29 molluscan incomplete NLR (incNLR) genes, encoding for proteins absent in the NACHT domain were upregulated under pathogen infection. We also documented the species-specific expansion of NLRs in the clades Polychaeta and Pteriidae. Our study revealed that gene duplication, domain shuffling, gene loss, and novel expression pattern played important roles in the molecular evolution of NLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China; CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Mu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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228
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Overexpression of the Arabidopsis MACPF Protein AtMACP2 Promotes Pathogen Resistance by Activating SA Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158784. [PMID: 35955922 PMCID: PMC9369274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response in plants is tightly regulated by the coordination of the cell surface and intracellular receptors. In animals, the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) protein superfamily creates oligomeric pore structures on the cell surface during pathogen infection. However, the function and molecular mechanism of MACPF proteins in plant pathogen responses remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis MACP2 and investigated the responsiveness of this protein during both bacterial and fungal pathogens. We suggest that MACP2 induces programmed cell death, bacterial pathogen resistance, and necrotrophic fungal pathogen sensitivity by activating the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived indole glucosinolates and the salicylic acid signaling pathway dependent on the activity of enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1). Moreover, the response of MACP2 mRNA isoforms upon pathogen attack is differentially regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism: alternative splicing. In comparison to previously reported MACPFs in Arabidopsis, MACP2 shares a redundant but nonoverlapping role in plant immunity. Thus, our findings provide novel insights and genetic tools for the MACPF family in maintaining SA accumulation in response to pathogens in Arabidopsis.
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229
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Manzoor M, Yang L, Wu S, El-Shafie H, Haider MS, Ahmad JN. Feeding preference of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on different date palm cultivars and host biochemical responses to its infestation. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:494-501. [PMID: 35382914 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To counter the insect infestation, plants respond with wide-ranging and highly dynamic biochemical reactions. Of these, the anti-oxidative activity is poorly understood. The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver), one of the most widespread pests in Pakistan, prefers to infest date palm Phoenix dactylifera. Our present study investigated the feeding preference of RPW to 11 different date palm cultivars and the results suggested that the Hillawi cultivar was most preferred. Greater infestation rate, fecundity and hatching rate were also recorded from Hillawi and Mozawati than other cultivars. No significant decreases were observed in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids of RPW-infested Hillawi cultivar over un-infested control. In contrast, the contents of enzymatic antioxidants including phenols, proline, hydrogen peroxide, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and glycine betaine showed a drastic increase after RPW infestation, and there was enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, we recorded the increase of total protein and sugar contents in RPW-infested date palms. These findings offer valuable insight into the antioxidative molecular mechanism of date palms under RPW attack and may contribute to the breeding of insect-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Manzoor
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lei Yang
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Hamadttu El-Shafie
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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230
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Gao X, Dang X, Yan F, Li Y, Xu J, Tian S, Li Y, Huang K, Lin W, Lin D, Wang Z, Wang A. ANGUSTIFOLIA negatively regulates resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via modulation of PTI and JA signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1091-1106. [PMID: 35426480 PMCID: PMC9276947 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen that infects a broad range of host plants. The mechanism underlying plant defence against fungal invasion is still not well characterized. Here, we report that ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), a CtBP family member, plays a role in the defence against S. sclerotiorum attack. Arabidopsis an mutants exhibited stronger resistance to S. sclerotiorum at the early stage of infection than wild-type plants. Accordingly, an mutants exhibited stronger activation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) responses, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, callose deposition, and the expression of PTI-responsive genes, upon treatment with PAMPs/microbe-associated molecular patterns. Moreover, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing AN were more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum and showed defective PTI responses. Our luminometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, coimmunoprecipitation, and in vitro pull-down assays indicate that AN interacts with allene oxide cyclases (AOC), essential enzymes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, negatively regulating JA biosynthesis in response to S. sclerotiorum infection. This work reveals AN is a negative regulator of the AOC-mediated JA signalling pathway and PTI activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xie Dang
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Fengting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shifu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yaling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Deshu Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology CenterInstitute of OceanographyMinjiang UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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231
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. The phospholipase D gene GhPLDδ confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae and improves tolerance to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111322. [PMID: 35696922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) function in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. However, to date, a PLD gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we isolated and identified a PLD gene GhPLDδ from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which functions in Verticillium wilt resistance and salt tolerance. GhPLDδ was highly induced by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, PEG 6000, NaCl, and Verticillium dahliae in cotton plants. The positive role of GhPLDδ in regulating plant resistance to V. dahliae was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Upon chitin treatment, accumulation of PA, hydrogen peroxide, JA, SA, and the expression of genes involved in MAPK cascades, JA- and SA-related defense responses were positively related to the level of GhPLDδ in plants. The treatment by exogenous PA could activate the expression of genes related to MAPK, SA, and JA signaling pathways. Moreover, GhPLDδ overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis as demonstrated by the increased germination rate, longer seedling root, higher chlorophyll content, larger fresh weight, lower malondialdehyde content, and fully expand rosette leaves. Additionally, the PA content and the expression of the genes of the MAPK cascades regulated by PA were increased in GhPLDδ-overexpressed Arabidopsis under salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that GhPLDδ and PA are involved in regulating plant defense against both V. dahliae infection and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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232
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Yin C, Li J, Wang D, Zhang D, Song J, Kong Z, Wang B, Hu X, Klosterman SJ, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. A secreted ribonuclease effector from Verticillium dahliae localizes in the plant nucleus to modulate host immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1122-1140. [PMID: 35363930 PMCID: PMC9276946 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The arms race between fungal pathogens and plant hosts involves recognition of fungal effectors to induce host immunity. Although various fungal effectors have been identified, the effector functions of ribonucleases are largely unknown. Herein, we identified a ribonuclease secreted by Verticillium dahliae (VdRTX1) that translocates into the plant nucleus to modulate immunity. The activity of VdRTX1 causes hypersensitive response (HR)-related cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and cotton. VdRTX1 possesses a signal peptide but is unlikely to be an apoplastic effector because its nuclear localization in the plant is necessary for cell death induction. Knockout of VdRTX1 significantly enhanced V. dahliae virulence on tobacco while V. dahliae employs the known suppressor VdCBM1 to escape the immunity induced by VdRTX1. VdRTX1 homologs are widely distributed in fungi but transient expression of 24 homologs from other fungi did not yield cell death induction, suggesting that this function is specific to the VdRTX1 in V. dahliae. Expression of site-directed mutants of VdRTX1 in N. benthamiana leaves revealed conserved ligand-binding sites that are important for VdRTX1 function in inducing cell death. Thus, VdRTX1 functions as a unique HR-inducing effector in V. dahliae that contributes to the activation of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Mei Yin
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Food Science TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Song
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bao‐Li Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research StationSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Food Science TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Analysis of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152001. [PMID: 35956479 PMCID: PMC9370628 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is the main disease threat of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), resulting in huge economic losses every year. SSR resistance manifests as quantitative disease resistance (QDR), and no gene with complete SSR resistance has been cloned or reported so far. Transcriptome analysis has revealed a large number of defense-related genes and response processes. However, the similarities and differences in the defense responses of different tissues are rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed the similarities and differences of different tissues in response to S. sclerotiorum at 24 h post inoculation (hpi) by using the published transcriptome data for respective leaf and stem inoculation. At 24 hpi, large differences in gene expression exist in leaf and stem, and there are more differentially expressed genes and larger expression differences in leaf. The leaf is more sensitive to S. sclerotiorum and shows a stronger response than stem. Different defense responses appear in the leaf and stem, and the biosynthesis of lignin, callose, lectin, chitinase, PGIP, and PR protein is activated in leaf. In the stem, lipid metabolism-mediated defense responses are obviously enhanced. For the common defense responses in both leaf and stem, the chain reactions resulting from signal transduction and biological process take the primary responsibility. This research will be beneficial to exploit the potential of different tissues in plant defense and find higher resistance levels of genotypic variability in different environments. Our results are significant in the identification of resistance genes and analysis of defense mechanisms.
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Min CW, Jang JW, Lee GH, Gupta R, Yoon J, Park HJ, Cho HS, Park SR, Kwon SW, Cho LH, Jung KH, Kim YJ, Wang Y, Kim ST. TMT-based quantitative membrane proteomics identified PRRs potentially involved in the perception of MSP1 in rice leaves. J Proteomics 2022; 267:104687. [PMID: 35914717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) play a key role in triggering PAMPs triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. In the case of the rice-Magnaporthe oryzae pathosystem, fewer PAMPs and their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been characterized. Recently, a M. oryzae snodprot1 homolog protein (MSP1) has been identified that functions as PAMP and triggering the PTI responses in rice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MSP1-induced PTI is currently elusive. Therefore, we generated MSP1 overexpressed transgenic lines of rice, and a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative membrane proteomic analysis was employed to decipher the potential MSP1-induced signaling in rice using total cytosolic as well as membrane protein fractions. This approach led to the identification of 8033 proteins of which 1826 were differentially modulated in response to overexpression of MSP1 and/or exogenous jasmonic acid treatment. Of these, 20 plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) showed increased abundance in MSP1 overexpression lines. Moreover, activation of proteins related to the protein degradation and modification, calcium signaling, redox, and MAPK signaling was observed in transgenic lines expressing MSP1 in the apoplast. Taken together, our results identified potential PRR candidates involved in MSP1 recognition and suggested the overview mechanism of the MSP1-induced PTI signaling in rice leaves. SIGNIFICANCE: In plants, recognition of pathogen pathogen-derived molecules, such as PAMPs, by plant plant-derived PRRs has an essential role for in the activation of PTI against pathogen invasion. Typically, PAMPs are recognized by plasma membrane (PM) localized PRRs, however, identifying the PM-localized PRR proteins is challenging due to their low abundance. In this study, we performed an integrated membrane protein enrichment by microsomal membrane extraction (MME) method and subsequent TMT-labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis using MSP1 overexpressed rice. Based on these results, we successfully identified various intracellular and membrane membrane-localized proteins that participated in the MSP1-induced immune response and characterized the potential PM-localized PRR candidates in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant System Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant System Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
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235
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Impact of Exogenous Application of Potato Virus Y-Specific dsRNA on RNA Interference, Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Poly(ADP-ribose) Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147915. [PMID: 35887257 PMCID: PMC9317112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we developed and exploited a spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS)-based approach to deliver double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which was found to protect potato against potato virus Y (PVY) infection. Given that dsRNA can act as a defence-inducing signal that can trigger sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) and non-specific pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), we suspected that these two pathways may be invoked via exogeneous application of dsRNA, which may account for the alterations in PVY susceptibility in dsRNA-treated potato plants. Therefore, we tested the impact of exogenously applied PVY-derived dsRNA on both these layers of defence (RNAi and PTI) and explored its effect on accumulation of a homologous virus (PVY) and an unrelated virus (potato virus X, PVX). Here, we show that application of PVY dsRNA in potato plants induced accumulation of both small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), a hallmark of RNAi, and some PTI-related gene transcripts such as WRKY29 (WRKY transcription factor 29; molecular marker of PTI), RbohD (respiratory burst oxidase homolog D), EDS5 (enhanced disease susceptibility 5), SERK3 (somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 3) encoding brassinosteroid-insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1), and PR-1b (pathogenesis-related gene 1b). With respect to virus infections, PVY dsRNA suppressed only PVY replication but did not exhibit any effect on PVX infection in spite of the induction of PTI-like effects in the presence of PVX. Given that RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity acts as the major virus resistance mechanism in plants, it can be suggested that dsRNA-based PTI alone may not be strong enough to suppress virus infection. In addition to RNAi- and PTI-inducing activities, we also showed that PVY-specific dsRNA is able to upregulate production of a key enzyme involved in poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism, namely poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), which is regarded as a positive regulator of biotic stress responses. These findings offer insights for future development of innovative approaches which could integrate dsRNA-induced RNAi, PTI and modulation of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in a co-ordinated manner, to ensure a high level of crop protection.
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236
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Liu DD, Lan HJ, Masoud HS, Ye MY, Dai XY, Zhong CL, Tian SN, Liu JZ. Silencing GmBIR1 in Soybean Results in Activated Defense Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7450. [PMID: 35806456 PMCID: PMC9267208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are a large group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play a critical role in recognizing pathogens, transducing defense signals, and mediating the activation of immune defense responses. Although extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis, studies of RLKs in crops, including soybean, are limited. When a BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase (BIR1) homolog (referred to as GmBIR1 hereafter) was silenced by the BPMV (Bean pod mottle virus)-induced gene silencing (BPMV-VIGS), it resulted in phenotypes that were reminiscent of constitutively activated defense responses, including a significantly stunted stature with observable cell death on the leaves of the silenced plants. In addition, both SA and H2O2 were over-accumulated in the leaves of the GmBIR1-silenced plants. Consistent with this autoimmune phenotype, GmBIR1-silenced plants exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), two different types of pathogens, compared to the vector control plants. Together, our results indicated that GmBIR1 is a negative regulator of immunity in soybean and the function of BIR1 homologs is conserved in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Hashimi Said Masoud
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Mei-Yan Ye
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Xian-Yong Dai
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Chen-Li Zhong
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sheng-Nan Tian
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (D.-D.L.); (H.-J.L.); (H.S.M.); (M.-Y.Y.); (X.-Y.D.); (C.-L.Z.); (S.-N.T.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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237
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Saado I, Chia KS, Betz R, Alcântara A, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Navarrete F, D'Auria JC, Kolomiets MV, Melzer M, Feussner I, Djamei A. Effector-mediated relocalization of a maize lipoxygenase protein triggers susceptibility to Ustilago maydis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2785-2805. [PMID: 35512341 PMCID: PMC9252493 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the gall-inducing smut fungus Ustilago maydis colonizes maize (Zea mays) plants, it secretes a complex effector blend that suppresses host defense responses, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redirects host metabolism to facilitate colonization. We show that the U. maydis effector ROS burst interfering protein 1 (Rip1), which is involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered suppression of host immunity, is functionally conserved in several other monocot-infecting smut fungi. We also have identified a conserved C-terminal motif essential for Rip1-mediated PAMP-triggered suppression of the ROS burst. The maize susceptibility factor lipoxygenase 3 (Zmlox3) bound by Rip1 was relocalized to the nucleus, leading to partial suppression of the ROS burst. Relocalization was independent of its enzymatic activity, revealing a distinct function for ZmLox3. Most importantly, whereas Zmlox3 maize mutant plants showed increased resistance to U. maydis wild-type strains, rip1 deletion strains infecting the Zmlox3 mutant overcame this effect. This could indicate that Rip1-triggered host resistance depends on ZmLox3 to be suppressed and that lox3 mutation-based resistance of maize to U. maydis requires functional Rip1. Together, our results reveal that Rip1 acts in several cellular compartments to suppress immunity and that targeting of ZmLox3 by Rip1 is responsible for the suppression of Rip1-dependent reduced susceptibility of maize to U. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Saado
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Khong-Sam Chia
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Ruben Betz
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - André Alcântara
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
| | | | - Fernando Navarrete
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - John C D'Auria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | | | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
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238
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Chandrasekar B, Wanke A, Wawra S, Saake P, Mahdi L, Charura N, Neidert M, Poschmann G, Malisic M, Thiele M, Stühler K, Dama M, Pauly M, Zuccaro A. Fungi hijack a ubiquitous plant apoplastic endoglucanase to release a ROS scavenging β-glucan decasaccharide to subvert immune responses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2765-2784. [PMID: 35441693 PMCID: PMC9252488 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic and beneficial fungi have evolved several strategies to evade immunity and cope with host-derived hydrolytic enzymes and oxidative stress in the apoplast, the extracellular space of plant tissues. Fungal hyphae are surrounded by an inner insoluble cell wall layer and an outer soluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix. Here, we show by proteomics and glycomics that these two layers have distinct protein and carbohydrate signatures, and hence likely have different biological functions. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) β-1,3-endoglucanase HvBGLUII, which belongs to the widely distributed apoplastic glycoside hydrolase 17 family (GH17), releases a conserved β-1,3;1,6-glucan decasaccharide (β-GD) from the EPS matrices of fungi with different lifestyles and taxonomic positions. This low molecular weight β-GD does not activate plant immunity, is resilient to further enzymatic hydrolysis by β-1,3-endoglucanases due to the presence of three β-1,6-linked glucose branches and can scavenge reactive oxygen species. Exogenous application of β-GD leads to enhanced fungal colonization in barley, confirming its role in the fungal counter-defensive strategy to subvert host immunity. Our data highlight the hitherto undescribed capacity of this often-overlooked EPS matrix from plant-associated fungi to act as an outer protective barrier important for fungal accommodation within the hostile environment at the apoplastic plant-microbe interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Wanke
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Saake
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Mahdi
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nyasha Charura
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Neidert
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milena Malisic
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meik Thiele
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Murali Dama
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Huo H, Zong L, Liu Y, Chen W, Chen J, Wei G. Rhizobial HmuS pSym as a heme-binding factor is required for optimal symbiosis between Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 and Robinia pseudoacacia. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2191-2210. [PMID: 35419804 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing root nodules are formed by symbiotic association of legume hosts with rhizobia in nitrogen-deprived soils. Successful symbiosis is regulated by signals from both legume hosts and their rhizobial partners. HmuS is a heme degrading factor widely distributed in bacteria, but little is known about the role of rhizobial hmuS in symbiosis with legumes. Here, we found that inactivation of hmuSpSym in the symbiotic plasmid of Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 disrupted rhizobial infection, primordium formation, and nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with Robinia pseudoacacia. Although there was no difference in bacteroids differentiation, infected plant cells were shrunken and bacteroids were disintegrated in nodules of plants infected by the ΔhmuSpSym mutant strain. The balance of defence reaction was also impaired in ΔhmuSpSym strain-infected root nodules. hmuSpSym was strongly expressed in the nitrogen-fixation zone of mature nodules. Furthermore, the HmuSpSym protein could bind to heme but not degrade it. Inactivation of hmuSpSym led to significantly decreased expression levels of oxygen-sensing related genes in nodules. In summary, hmuSpSym of M. amorphae CCNWGS0123 plays an essential role in nodule development and maintenance of bacteroid survival within R. pseudoacacia cells, possibly through heme-binding in symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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240
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Loo EPI, Tajima Y, Yamada K, Kido S, Hirase T, Ariga H, Fujiwara T, Tanaka K, Taji T, Somssich IE, Parker JE, Saijo Y. Recognition of Microbe- and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns by Leucine-Rich Repeat Pattern Recognition Receptor Kinases Confers Salt Tolerance in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:554-566. [PMID: 34726476 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-21-0185-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a first layer of inducible immunity is conferred by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). PTI is strengthened or followed by another potent form of immunity when intracellular receptors recognize pathogen effectors, termed effector-triggered immunity. Immunity signaling regulators have been reported to influence abiotic stress responses as well, yet the governing principles and mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we report that PRRs of a leucine-rich repeat ectodomain also confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, following recognition of cognate ligands such as bacterial flagellin (flg22 epitope) and elongation factor Tu (elf18 epitope), and the endogenous Pep peptides. Pattern-triggered salt tolerance (PTST) requires authentic PTI signaling components; namely, the PRR-associated kinases BAK1 and BIK1 and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Exposure to salt stress induces the release of Pep precursors, pointing to the involvement of the endogenous immunogenic peptides in developing plant tolerance to high salinity. Transcriptome profiling reveals an inventory of PTST target genes, which increase or acquire salt responsiveness following a preexposure to immunogenic patterns. In good accordance, plants challenged with nonpathogenic bacteria also acquired salt tolerance in a manner dependent on PRRs. Our findings provide insight into signaling plasticity underlying biotic or abiotic stress cross-tolerance in plants conferred by PRRs.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P-I Loo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yuri Tajima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kohji Yamada
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829 Germany
| | - Shota Kido
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Taishi Hirase
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ariga
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Imre E Somssich
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829 Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829 Germany
- Cologne-Düsseldorf Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Germany
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829 Germany
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, 332-0012 Japan
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241
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Choi JH, Oh ES, Min H, Chae WB, Mandadi KK, Oh MH. Role of tyrosine autophosphorylation and methionine residues in BRI1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:833-841. [PMID: 35598220 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of plant growth hormones, control biomass accumulation and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and therefore are highly relevant to agriculture. BRs bind to the BR receptor protein, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), which is classified as a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase. Recently, we reported that BRI1 acts as a dual-specificity kinase both in vitro and in vivo by undergoing autophosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr) residues. OBJECTIVE In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth and early flowering phenotypes of transgenic lines expressing the mutated recombinant protein, BRI1(Y831F)-Flag, compared with those expressing BRI1-Flag. BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants showed a reduction in hypocotyl and petiole length compared with BRI1-Flag seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of flowering time-associated genes (AP1, AP2, AG, FLC, and SMZ) between BRI1(Y831F)-Flag and BRI1-Flag transgenic seedlings. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis of the BRI1 gene, and investigated the effect of methionine (Met) substitution in the extracellular domain (ECD) of BRI1 on plant growth and BR sensitivity by evaluating hypocotyl elongation and root growth inhibition. METHODS The pBIB-Hyg+-pBR-BRI1-Flag construct(Li et al. 2002) was used as the template for SDM with QuickChange XL Site Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) to make the SDM mutants. After PCR with SDM kit, add 1 μl of Dpn1 to PCR reaction. Incubate at 37 °C for 2 h to digest parental DNA and then transformed into XL10-gold competent cells. Transcriptome analysis was carried out at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA). RNA was prepared and hybridized to the Affymetrix GeneChip Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Array using the Gene Chip Express Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). RESULTS Tyrosine 831 autophosphorylation of BRI1 regulates Arabidopsis flowering time, and mutation of methionine residues in the extracellular domain of BRI1 affects hypocotyl and root length. BRI1(M656Q)-Flag, BRI1(M657Q)-Flag, and BRI1(M661Q)-Flag seedlings were insensitive to the BL treatment and showed no inhibition of root elongation. However, BRI1(M665Q)-Flag and BRI1(M671Q)-Flag seedlings were sensitive to the BL treatment, and exhibited root elongation inhibition. the early flowering phenotype of BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants is consistent with the expression levels of key flowering-related genes, including those promoting flowering (AP1, AP2, and AG) and repressing flowering (FLC and SMZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hansol Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Won Byoung Chae
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Kranthi Kiran Mandadi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Fan R, Tao XY, Xia ZQ, Sim S, Hu LS, Wu BD, Wang QH, Hao CY. Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Piper Species Upon Infection by the Oomycete Phytophthora Capsici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864927. [PMID: 35845707 PMCID: PMC9278165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen that causes devastating disease in black pepper, resulting in a significant decline in yield and economic losses. Piper nigrum (black pepper) is documented as susceptible to P. capsici, whereas its close relative Piper flaviflorum is known to be resistant. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of P. flaviflorum remains obscure. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis between P. flaviflorum and P. nigrum upon P. capsici infection and found substantial differences in their gene expression profiles, with altered genes being significantly enriched in terms relating to plant-pathogen interaction, phytohormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Further metabolome analysis revealed the resistant P. flaviflorum to have a high background endogenous ABA reservoir and time-course-dependent accumulation of ABA and SA upon P. capsici inoculation, while the susceptible P. nigrum had a high background endogenous IAA reservoir and time-course-dependent accumulation of JA-Ile, the active form of JA. Investigation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolome further indicated the resistant P. flaviflorum to have more accumulation of lignin precursors than the susceptible P. nigrum, resulting in a higher accumulation after inoculation. This study provides an overall characterization of biologically important pathways underlying the resistance of P. flaviflorum, which theoretically explains the advantage of using this species as rootstock for the management of oomycete pathogen in black pepper production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
| | - Xiao-yuan Tao
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Soonliang Sim
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li-song Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
| | - Bao-duo Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
| | - Qing-huang Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
| | - Chao-yun Hao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
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243
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What's new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling in the control of plant immunity? Essays Biochem 2022; 66:621-634. [PMID: 35723080 PMCID: PMC9528078 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant immunity is crucial to plant health but comes at an expense. For optimal plant growth, tight immune regulation is required to prevent unnecessary rechannelling of valuable resources. Pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI/ETI) represent the two tiers of immunity initiated after sensing microbial patterns at the cell surface or pathogen effectors secreted into plant cells, respectively. Recent evidence of PTI-ETI cross-potentiation suggests a close interplay of signalling pathways and defense responses downstream of perception that is still poorly understood. This review will focus on controls on plant immunity through phosphorylation, a universal and key cellular regulatory mechanism. Rather than a complete overview, we highlight “what’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling” in the immunity field. In addition to phosphoregulation of components in the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complex, we will cover the actions of the major immunity-relevant intracellular protein kinases/phosphatases in the ‘signal relay’, namely calcium-regulated kinases (e.g. calcium-dependent protein kinases, CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and various protein phosphatases. We discuss how these factors define a phosphocode that generates cellular decision-making ‘logic gates’, which contribute to signalling fidelity, amplitude, and duration. To underscore the importance of phosphorylation, we summarize strategies employed by pathogens to subvert plant immune phosphopathways. In view of recent game-changing discoveries of ETI-derived resistosomes organizing into calcium-permeable pores, we speculate on a possible calcium-regulated phosphocode as the mechanistic control of the PTI-ETI continuum.
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Olavarrieta CE, Sampedro MC, Vallejo A, Štefelová N, Barrio RJ, De Diego N. Biostimulants as an Alternative to Improve the Wine Quality from Vitis vinifera (cv. Tempranillo) in La Rioja. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121594. [PMID: 35736745 PMCID: PMC9229063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants appears to be an environmentally friendly, innovative, and sustainable agronomical tool to mitigate the negative effects induced by adverse climatology in traditional grape-growing regions such as La Rioja (Spain). However, their mechanism of action in grapevines is still unclear. We evaluated how commercial substances (two from Ascophyllum nodosum extraction and one amino acids-based biostimulant) and the non-proteinogenic amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) affect the quality and quantity of musts and grapes in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo from a semi-arid region of La Rioja during two seasons. We hypothesized an enhancement in organic metabolites in berries and leaves in response to these treatments, changing the organoleptic characteristics of the final products. The treatments altered the primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, organic acids (AcOrg), and free amino acids, first in the leaves as the effect of the foliar application and second in grapes and musts. As the main result, the biostimulant efficiency depended on the climatology and vineyard location to improve the final yield. Whereas biostimulant application enhanced the yield in 2018 (less dry year), it did not help production in 2019 (dry year). BABA was the most efficient biostimulant, enhancing plant production. Regarding yield quality, the biostimulant application improved the musts mainly by enhancing the fumaric acid content and by reducing carbohydrates, except in BABA-treated plants, where they were accumulated. These results corroborate biostimulants as an exciting approach in wine production, especially for improving wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Olavarrieta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Maria Carmen Sampedro
- Central Service of Analysis (SGIker), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Lascaray Ikergunea, Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Asier Vallejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nikola Štefelová
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Ramón J. Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
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245
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Xie X, Han Y, Yuan X, Zhang M, Li P, Ding A, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Exogenous Melatonin Confers Lilium Disease Resistance to Botrytis elliptica. Front Genet 2022; 13:892674. [PMID: 35774503 PMCID: PMC9237519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.892674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf blight, caused by Botrytis elliptica (Berk.) Cooke, is a devastating disease that limits the production of Lilium in China and in other countries worldwide. Numerous studies have indicated that plants have evolved sophisticated and effective signal transduction and defense-related pathways in response to pathogen invasion. Recently, particular attention has been given to the action(s) of melatonin in plants in response to biotic stress, and the role of melatonin in plant–pathogen interactions has also been discussed. In this study, RNA-seq was applied to analyze the transcriptomic changes in Lilium leaves that were pre-treated and post-treated with melatonin after B. elliptica infection for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 72 h and then compare those changes with those of the control. Treatment with exogenous melatonin and infection with B. elliptica caused differential expression of a large number of genes in Lilium leaves. KEGG pathway analysis showed that, after melatonin treatment, the defense-related DEGs were mainly enriched in plant–pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. RT–qPCR was used to verify the expression changes of 12 DEGs, the results of which were consistent with the RNA-seq analysis results. The expression of DEGs related to the MAPK pathway were significantly different between the MB group and the HB group, suggesting that, via the MAPK signaling cascade, melatonin may play a role in the disease resistance of Lilium to B. elliptica. This study provides a new perspective and information for molecular-based breeding of Lilium disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qixiang Zhang,
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N-Methyltransferase CaASHH3 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens in Pepper. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126492. [PMID: 35742935 PMCID: PMC9224371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins with conserved SET domain play a critical role in plant immunity. However, the means of organization and functions of these proteins are unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Herein, we functionally characterized CaASHH3, a member of class II (the ASH1 homologs H3K36) proteins in pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). The CaASHH3 was localized in the nucleus, and its transcript levels were significantly enhanced by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI) and exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA). Knockdown of CaASHH3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) compromised peppers’ resistance to RSI. Furthermore, silencing of CaASHH3 impaired hypersensitive-response (HR)-like cell death response due to RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1, and CaABR1. The CaASHH3 protein was revealed to affect the promoters of CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaHSP24. Transiently over-expression of CaASHH3 in pepper leaves elicited HR-like cell death and upregulated immunity-related marker genes. To further study the role of CaASHH3 in plant defense in vivo, CaASHH3 transgenic plants were generated in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of CaASHH3 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced innate immunity against Pst DC3000. Furthermore, CaASHH3 over-expressing transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited upregulated transcriptional levels of immunity-associated marker genes, such as AtNPR1, AtPR1, and AtPR2. These results collectively confirm the role of CaASHH3 as a positive regulator of plant cell death and pepper immunity against bacterial pathogens, which is regulated by signaling synergistically mediated by SA, JA, ET, and ABA.
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247
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Dalla-Rizza M, Schvartzman C, Murchio S, Berrueta C, Boschi F, Menoni M, Lenzi A, Gimenez G. Field Performance of Resistant Potato Genotypes Transformed with the EFR Receptor from Arabidopsis thaliana in the Absence of Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:239-247. [PMID: 35678057 PMCID: PMC9343904 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2022.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of potato crops. Harmonizing immunity to pathogens and crop yield is a balance between productive, economic, and environmental interests. In this work, the agronomic performance of two events of potato cultivar INIA Iporá expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana EFR gene (Iporá EFR 3 and Iporá EFR 12) previously selected for their high resistance to bacterial wilt was evaluated under pathogen-free conditions. During two cultivation cycles, the evaluated phenotypic characteristics were emergence, beginning of flowering, vigor, growth, leaf morphology, yield, number and size of tubers, analyzed under biosecurity standards. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated did not show differences, except in the morphology of the leaf with a more globose appearance and a shortening of the rachis in the transformation events with respect to untransformed Iporá. The Iporá EFR 3 genotype showed a ~40% yield decrease in reference to untransformed Iporá in the two trials, while Iporá EFR 12 did not differ statistically from untransformed Iporá. Iporá EFR 12 shows performance stability in the absence of the pathogen, compared to the untransformed control, positioning it as an interesting candidate for regions where the presence of the pathogen is endemic and bacterial wilt has a high economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalla-Rizza
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Claudia Schvartzman
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Sara Murchio
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Berrueta
- Programa de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Federico Boschi
- Instituto Nacional de Semillas, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Mariana Menoni
- Instituto Nacional de Semillas, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Alberto Lenzi
- Programa de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Gimenez
- Programa de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, CP 90100,
Uruguay
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248
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Liu S, Shi Y, Liu F, Guo Y, Lu M. LaCl 3 treatment improves Agrobacterium-mediated immature embryo genetic transformation frequency of maize. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1439-1448. [PMID: 35376997 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an optimized transformation system that uses a LaCl3 pretreatment (a Ca2+ channel blocker) for enhancing Agrobacterium-mediated infection of immature embryos and improving the genetic transformation frequency of maize. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos is important for gene-function studies and molecular breeding of maize. However, the relatively low genetic transformation frequency remains a bottleneck for applicability of this method, especially on commercial scale. We report that pretreatment of immature embryos with LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel blocker) improves the infection frequency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, increases the proportion of positive callus, yields more positive regenerated plantlets, and increases the transformation frequency from 8.40 to 17.60% for maize. This optimization is a novel method for improving the frequency of plant genetic transformations mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minhui Lu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Effect of applying elicitors to Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell at different ripening times on the complex carbohydrates of the resulting wines. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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250
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Molisso D, Coppola M, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Langella E, Rigano MM, Francesca S, Chiaiese P, Palmieri G, Tatè R, Sinno M, Barra E, Becchimanzi A, Monti SM, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Not Only Systemin: Prosystemin Harbors Other Active Regions Able to Protect Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887674. [PMID: 35685017 PMCID: PMC9173717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prosystemin is a 200-amino acid precursor expressed in Solanaceae plants which releases at the C-terminal part a peptidic hormone called Systemin in response to wounding and herbivore attack. We recently showed that Prosystemin is not only a mere scaffold of Systemin but, even when deprived of Systemin, is biologically active. These results, combined with recent discoveries that Prosystemin is an intrinsically disordered protein containing disordered regions within its sequence, prompted us to investigate the N-terminal portions of the precursor, which contribute to the greatest disorder within the sequence. To this aim, PS1-70 and PS1-120 were designed, produced, and structurally and functionally characterized. Both the fragments, which maintained their intrinsic disorder, were able to induce defense-related genes and to protect tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Intriguingly, the biological activity of each of the two N-terminal fragments and of Systemin is similar but not quite the same and does not show any toxicity on experimental non-targets considered. These regions account for different anti-stress activities conferred to tomato plants by their overexpression. The two N-terminal fragments identified in this study may represent new promising tools for sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (IGB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Sinno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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