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Yuan W, Rao X, Zhong B, Chen M, Ali H, Lv C, Niu C. Exploring the functional profiles of odorant binding proteins crucial for sensing key odorants in the new leaves of coconut palms in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129852. [PMID: 38307432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) is a highly destructive global pest of coconut trees, with a preference for laying its eggs on new leaves. Females can identify where to lay eggs by using their sense of smell to detect specific odorants found in new leaves. In this study, we focused on the two odorants commonly found in new leaves by GC-MS: trans, trans-2,4-nonadienal and trans-2-nonenal. Our behavioral assays demonstrated a significant attraction of females to both of these odorants, with their electrophysiological responses being dose-dependent. Furthermore, we examined the expression patterns induced by these odorants in eleven RferOBP genes. Among them, RferOBP3 and RferOBP1768 exhibited the most significant and simultaneous upregulation. To further understand the role of these two genes, we conducted experiments with females injected with OBP-dsRNA. This resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of RferOBP3 and RferOBP1768, as well as impaired the perception of the two odorants. A fluorescence competitive binding assay also showed that both RferOBPs strongly bound to the odorants. Additionally, sequence analysis revealed that these two RferOBPs belong to the Minus-C family and possess four conserved cysteines. Molecular docking simulations showed strong interactions between these two RferOBPs and the odorant molecules. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of RferOBP3 and RferOBP1768 in the olfactory perception of the key odorants in coconut palm new leaves. This knowledge significantly improves our understanding of how RPW females locate sites for oviposition and lays the foundation for future research on the development of environmentally friendly pest attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Yuan
- Coconut Research Institute/Tropical Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinjie Rao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; New Horizon Health Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Baozhu Zhong
- Coconut Research Institute/Tropical Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China
| | - Mengran Chen
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Chaojun Lv
- Coconut Research Institute/Tropical Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China.
| | - Changying Niu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Huang Y, Feng ZF, Li F, Hou YM. Host-Encoded Aminotransferase Import into the Endosymbiotic Bacteria Nardonella of Red Palm Weevil. Insects 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38249041 PMCID: PMC10816905 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Symbiotic systems are intimately integrated at multiple levels. Host-endosymbiont metabolic complementarity in amino acid biosynthesis is especially important for sap-feeding insects and their symbionts. In weevil-Nardonella endosymbiosis, the final step reaction of the endosymbiont tyrosine synthesis pathway is complemented by host-encoded aminotransferases. Based on previous results from other insects, we suspected that these aminotransferases were likely transported into the Nardonella cytoplasm to produce tyrosine. Here, we identified five aminotransferase genes in the genome of the red palm weevil. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we confirmed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A were specifically expressed in the bacteriome. RNA interference targeting these two aminotransferase genes reduced the tyrosine level in the bacteriome. The immunofluorescence-FISH double labeling localization analysis revealed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A were present within the bacteriocyte, where they colocalized with Nardonella cells. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the localization of RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A in the cytosol of Nardonella and the bacteriocyte. Our data revealed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A are transported into the Nardonella cytoplasm to collaborate with genes retained in the Nardonella genome in order to synthesize tyrosine. The results of our study will enhance the understanding of the integration of host and endosymbiont metabolism in amino acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Niode NJ, Kepel BJ, Hessel SS, Kairupan TS, Tallei TE. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae: A novel source for combating broad-spectrum bacterial and fungal infections. Vet World 2024; 17:156-170. [PMID: 38406375 PMCID: PMC10884581 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.156-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern due to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which makes it difficult to treat infection. Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against a diverse array of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larval antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have demonstrated potential as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial infections and prevention of antibiotic resistance. This study emphasizes the unexplored mechanisms of action of R. ferrugineus larvae against microorganisms. Among the most widely discussed mechanisms is the effect of AMPs in larvae in response to a threat or infection. Modulation of immune-related genes in the intestine and phagocytic capacity of its hemocytes may also affect the antimicrobial activity of R. ferrugineus larvae, with an increase in phenoloxidase activity possibly correlated with microbial clearance and survival rates of larvae. The safety and toxicity of R. ferrugineus larvae extracts, as well as their long-term efficacy, are also addressed in this paper. The implications of future research are explored in this paper, and it is certain that R. ferrugineus larvae have the potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with proper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdjannah Jane Niode
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Billy Johnson Kepel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Safitri Hessel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indonesia Biodiversity and Biogeography Research Institute (INABIG), Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tara Sefanya Kairupan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Zhong B, Lv C, Li W, Li C, Chen T. Virulence of entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16528. [PMID: 38054022 PMCID: PMC10695106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is an important quarantine pest, which has caused serious economic losses in various palm species, such as coconut, oil palm and date palm. Finding effective biocontrol resources is important for the control of this pest and the protection of palm crops. Methods A pathogenic strain HJ-01 was isolated from infected and dead pupa of Tenebrio molitor using tissue separation method. The HJ-01 strain was streak cultured and purified, and its morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA homology were identified after conducting a pathogenicity test on RPW larvae. Results Strain HJ-01 exhibited remarkable pathogenicity against RPW larvae. Under the concentration of HJ-01 suspension was 1.0 × 108 cfu/mL, the mortality rate of RPW reached 82.22%, and the half-lethal time (LT50) was 4.72 days. RPW larvae infected with strain HJ-01 showed reduced movement, decreased appetite, and eventual death. As the treatment progresses, the larvae's bodies turned red, became soft, and started to rot, resulting in the discharge of liquid. HJ-01 demonstrated the ability to produce scarlet pigment after 24 h of culture on a basic medium. Colonies of HJ-01 appeared convex, bright red, moist, and viscous, opaque in the center, irregular at the edges, and emitted an unpleasant odor. Under microscopic observation, the cells of HJ-01 appeared as short rod-shaped and flagellate, with a size ranging from (1.2-1.8) μm × (1.0-1.2) μm. Genomic DNA extraction was performed on the strain, and the 16S rDNA sequence was amplified, yielding a sequence length of 1445 bp. The sequence of strain HJ-01 displayed a 99.72% similarity to that of Serratia marcescens. Phylogenetic tree analysis further confirmed that strain HJ-01 belonged to S. marcescens. Therefore, the strain HJ-01 has a very good lethal effect on RPW larvae, and it may be used as an effective bacterium for the control of RPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Zhong
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chaojun Lv
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenlian Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
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Wang S, Guo Y, Sun Y, Weng M, Liao Q, Qiu R, Zou S, Wu S. Identification of two Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin-binding aminopeptidase N from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:615-625. [PMID: 37466033 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a quarantine pest that mainly damages plants in tropical regions, which are essential economic resources. Cry3Aa has been used to control coleopteran pests and is known to be toxic to R. ferrugineus. The binding of the Cry toxin to specific receptors on the target insect plays a crucial role in the toxicological mechanism of Cry toxins. However, in the case of R. ferrugineus, the nature and identity of the receptor proteins involved remain unknown. In the present study, pull-down assays and mass spectrometry were used to identify two proteins of aminopeptidase N proteins (RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b) in the larval midguts of R. ferrugineus. Cry3Aa was able to bind to RfAPN2a (Kd = 108.5 nM) and RfAPN2b (Kd = 68.2 nM), as well as midgut brush border membrane vesicles (Kd = 482.5 nM). In silico analysis of both RfAPN proteins included the signal peptide and anchored sites for glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol. In addition, RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b were expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293T cell line, and cytotoxicity assays showed that the transgenic cells were not susceptible to activated Cry3Aa. Our results show that RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b are Cry3Aa-binding proteins involved in the Cry3Aa toxicity of R. ferrugineus. This study deepens our understanding of the action mechanism of Cry3Aa in R. ferrugineus larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yunzhu Sun
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Mingqing Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Qiliao Liao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Ru Qiu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Shuangquan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 350002
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Diaz-Vidal T, Martínez-Pérez RB, Rosales-Rivera LC. Computational insights of the molecular recognition between volatile molecules and odorant binding proteins from the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37776004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2262583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most harmful pests for palm trees, causing serious economic damage worldwide. The present work aims to model and study the 3D structures of highly expressed odorant binding proteins from R. ferrugineus (RferOBPs) and identify possible binding modes and ligand release mechanism by docking and molecular dynamics. Highly confident 3D structures of a total of 11 odorant binding proteins (OBPs) were obtained with AlphaFold2. All 3D RferOBPs modeled structures displayed six characteristic α-helices, except for RfeOBP7 and RfeOBP10, which had an extra terminal α-helix. Among the eleven modeled RferOBPs, RferOBP4 was highly expressed in the antennae and subsequently selected for further analyses. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated that ferruginol, α-pinene, DEET, and picaridin can favorably bind the RferOBP4 cavity with low affinity energies. Molecular dynamic simulations of RferOBP4 bound to ferruginol at different pH values showed that low pH environments dictate a structural change into an apo-state that modifies the number of tunnels where the ligand can coexist, further triggering ligand release by a pH-dependent mechanism. This is the first report concerning the modelling and study of ligand binding modes and release mechanism of R. ferrugineus OBPs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Diaz-Vidal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Raúl Balam Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
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Ma B, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Su Z, Chen Y, Hou Y, Shi Z. A peptidoglycan recognition protein regulates the immune response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) during exposure to pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 144:104705. [PMID: 37019349 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a tremendously destructive insect pest of palm trees worldwide. Although some biological agents have been used to fight against RPW larvae, the control efficiency is still dissatisfactory. This study aimed to determine the role of a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), RfPGRP-S3, in RPW immunity. RfPGRP-S3 is a secreted protein with a DF (Asp85-Phe86) motif, implying that it can discriminate Gram-positive bacteria. The abundance of RfPGRP-S3 transcripts in the hemolymph was significantly higher than that in other tissues. The expression of RfPGRP-S3 can be markedly induced by challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Beauveria bassiana. After RfPGRP-S3 was silenced, the ability of individuals to clear the pathogenic bacteria in the body cavity and gut was significantly compromised. Furthermore, silencing RfPGRP-S3 dramatically impaired the survival rate of RPW larvae upon challenge with S. aureus. RT‒qPCR revealed that the expression levels of RfDefensin in the fat body and gut were decreased by RfPGRP-S3 silencing. Taken together, these results demonstrated that RfPGRP-S3 acts as a circulating receptor to promote the expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene upon the discrimination of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qianxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centerfor Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Sutanto KD, Al-Shahwan IM, Husain M, Rasool KG, Mankin RW, Aldawood AS. Field Evaluation of Promising Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolates against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 36675889 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of the sounds (i.e., substrate vibrations) produced by the movement and feeding activity of red palm weevil (RPW) pest infestations in a date palm tree was monitored over time after trees were separately treated with injection of entomopathogenic fungal isolates, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, or water treatment as the control. The activity sensing device included an accelerometer, an amplifier, a digital recorder, and a signal transmitter that fed the data to a computer that excluded background noise and compared the rates of bursts of movement and feeding sound impulses among treated trees and controls. Observations were made daily for two months. The rates of bursts were representative of the feeding activity of RPW. The unique spectral pattern of sound pulses was typical of the RPW larval feeding activity in the date palm. The microphone confirmed that the same unique tone was produced in each burst. Two months after fungal injection, the RPW sound signal declined, while the RPW sound signal increased in the control date palms (water injection). The mean rates of bursts produced by RPW decreased to zero after the trees were injected with B. bassiana or M. anisopliae compared with the increased rates over time in the control treatment plants.
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Harpaz D, Veltman B, Katz D, Eltzov E. Whole-cell bacterial biosensor with the capability to detect red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera: a proof of concept study. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:47-55. [PMID: 35963593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is considered a severe pest of palms. Usually, the early stages of infection are without visible signs. An attractive early sensing approach of non-visible infections is based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, a whole-cell bacterial biosensor was used for the identification of RPW in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). The cells are genetically modified to produce light in the presence of general stresses. The bioluminescent bacterial panel is based on three genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains that are sensitive to cytotoxicity (TV1061), genotoxicity (DPD2794), or quorum-sensing (K802NR). The bioluminescent bacterial panel detects the presence of VOCs and a change in the light signal is then generated, reflecting the health status of the date palm tree. The bioreporter bacteria cells are immobilized in calcium alginate tablets and placed in a sealed jar without direct contact with the tested sample, thereby exposing them only to the VOCs in the surrounding air. The immobilized bacteria cells were exposed to the air near infected by RPW or uninfected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and on date palm trees. Commercial plate reader was used for signal measurement. The findings show that quorum-sensing was induced by all the tested samples of infected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and date palm trees. While, cytotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm tree pieces, and genotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm trees. The bacterial monitoring results enable the identification of specific signatures that will allow a quick and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Daniel Katz
- Eden Farm, Agricultural R&D center, Emek HaMa'ayanot Regional Council, Beit Shean Valley 171000, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Manzoor M, Yang L, Wu S, El-Shafie H, Haider MS, Ahmad JN. Feeding preference of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on different date palm cultivars and host biochemical responses to its infestation. Bull Entomol Res 2022; 112:494-501. [PMID: 35382914 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To counter the insect infestation, plants respond with wide-ranging and highly dynamic biochemical reactions. Of these, the anti-oxidative activity is poorly understood. The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver), one of the most widespread pests in Pakistan, prefers to infest date palm Phoenix dactylifera. Our present study investigated the feeding preference of RPW to 11 different date palm cultivars and the results suggested that the Hillawi cultivar was most preferred. Greater infestation rate, fecundity and hatching rate were also recorded from Hillawi and Mozawati than other cultivars. No significant decreases were observed in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids of RPW-infested Hillawi cultivar over un-infested control. In contrast, the contents of enzymatic antioxidants including phenols, proline, hydrogen peroxide, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and glycine betaine showed a drastic increase after RPW infestation, and there was enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, we recorded the increase of total protein and sugar contents in RPW-infested date palms. These findings offer valuable insight into the antioxidative molecular mechanism of date palms under RPW attack and may contribute to the breeding of insect-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Manzoor
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lei Yang
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Hamadttu El-Shafie
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zhang H, Tan AR, Li PJ, Lu SP, Jia QC, Huang SN, Bai J, Hou YM. A specific primed immune response in red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is mediated by hemocyte differentiation and phagocytosis. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 131:104380. [PMID: 35245605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is an invasive and destructive pest that causes serious damages to palm trees. Like other invertebrates, red palm weevil relies solely on its innate immune response to fight invading microbes; by definition, innate immunity lacks adaptive characteristics. However, we show here that priming the red palm weevil larvae with heat-killed Bacillus thuringiensis specifically increased survival of the larvae during a secondary lethal infection with live bacteria, and B. thuringiensis primed larvae also showed a higher clearance efficiency for this bacterium, which indicated that the red palm weevil larvae possessed a strong immune priming response. The degree of enhanced immune protection was positively correlated with hemocyte proliferation and the level of phagocytic ability of hemocytes. Moreover, the red palm weevil larvae primed by B. thuringiensis induced the continuous synthesis of serotonin in the hemolymph, which in turn enhanced the phagocytic ability and pathogen clearance ability of the host, representing an important mechanism for the red palm weevil to achieve priming protection. Our findings reveal a specific immune priming of the red palm weevil larvae mediated by the continuous secretion of serotonin, and provide new insights into the mechanisms of invertebrates immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - An-Ran Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Peng-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Qing-Chen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Shu-Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Juan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China.
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Harith-Fadzilah N, Lam SD, Haris-Hussain M, Ghani IA, Zainal Z, Jalinas J, Hassan M. Proteomics and Interspecies Interaction Analysis Revealed Abscisic Acid Signalling to Be the Primary Driver for Oil Palm's Response against Red Palm Weevil Infestation. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2574. [PMID: 34961045 PMCID: PMC8709180 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera Curculionidae)) is an invasive insect pest that is difficult to manage due to its nature of infesting the host palm trees from within. A holistic, molecular-based approach to identify proteins that correlate with RPW infestation could give useful insights into the vital processes that are prevalent to the host's infestation response and identify the potential biomarkers for an early detection technique. Here, a shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; OP) under untreated (control), wounding by drilling (wounded), and artificial larval infestation (infested) conditions at three different time points to characterise the RPW infestation response at three different stages. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed many overlapping pathways between the control, wounded, and infested groups. Further analysis via literature searches narrowed down biologically relevant proteins into categories, which were photosynthesis, growth, and stress response. Overall, the patterns of protein expression suggested abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signalling to be the primary driver of insect herbivory response. Interspecies molecular docking analysis between RPW ligands and OP receptor proteins provided putative interactions that result in ABA signalling activation. Seven proteins were selected as candidate biomarkers for early infestation detection based on their relevance and association with ABA signalling. The MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028986. This study provided a deeper insight into the mechanism of stress response in OP in order to develop a novel detection method or improve crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmi Harith-Fadzilah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Su Datt Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mohammad Haris-Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Idris Abd Ghani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Johari Jalinas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
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Pu YC, Wang R, Liu HH, Lu SP, Tang FX, Hou YM. Immunosenescence along with direct physiological allocation trade-offs between life history and immunity in the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 123:104143. [PMID: 34051204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent works have generally indicated that insects exhibit two immune response strategies: external and internal immune defense. However, the immune-related trade-offs and physiological regulatory mechanisms in red palm weevil, a major invasive pest, remain unclear. Based on postinfection survivorship experiments, we initially measured baseline constitutive external immunity (antibacterial activity of external secretions) and internal immunity (phenoloxidase and antibacterial activity of hemolymph) in uninfected individuals. Then, we challenged the individual immune system and examined subsequent investment in immune function. Our data showed that multiple factors (instar, age, sex, mating status, immune treatment) interacted to affect immune components and infection outcomes, but the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. Although immune senescence is a common phenomenon in which immune function decreases with age, different components of the immune system changed differentially. Notably, mating activity may impose an immunity-related cost, with some evidence of sexual dimorphism and age-associated differences. Finally, parameters related to life-history traits usually decreased temporarily because of increased immunity, suggesting that the ultimate consequences of immune function fitness may be physiologically traded off with other fitness aspects, including growth, development, mating, reproduction, and longevity. These results reveal the complex factors that impact immunity as well as the physiological regulation of individual immunity, which may determine the evolution and outcome of immune senescence and trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fan-Xi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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F Abdel-Baky N, E Hamed K, D Al-Otaibi N, A Aldeghairi M. Bioassay of Some Indigenous Entomopathogens for Controlling Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Olivier in Saudi Arabia. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:944-952. [PMID: 34585547 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.944.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The red palm weevil is a dangerous date palm pests that cannot be controlled with chemical pesticides only. As a result of the justified concerns of the negative use of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment. So on, candidate eco-friendly micro-organisms isolated from KSA agri-ecosystems were evaluated in controlling RPW. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Some indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria were isolated from naturally infected RPW larvae and adults and evaluated as alternative control methods. <b>Results:</b> The infection of RPW larvae with entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria under natural conditions was higher than in adults. <i>Beauveria bassiana </i>was the most prevalent followed by <i>Aspergillus </i>sp., <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, <i>Mucor</i> sp., <i>Cladosporium chlorocephalum</i>. In contrast, both <i>Bacillus</i> <i>thuringiensis</i> and <i>Bacillus popilliae</i> formed 73.9 and 26.1%, respectively. From the 7th day, mortalities (%) increased gradually and recorded the highest mortalities with 21st days after treatment and recorded 93.33, 66.70, 53.36, 46.69 and 60.00% when treated with <i>B. bassiana</i>, <i>M. anisopliae</i>, <i>C. chlorosphalum</i>, <i>Mucor</i> sp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> sp., respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although there was evidence indicating midgut damage and feeding inhibition among larvae that survived the treatments, instead of lower activity of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> against <i>R. ferrugineus</i> immature stages may refer to that, Both species of <i>Bacillus</i> were more virulent as the days 15-21 post-treatment.
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Antony B, Johny J, Montagné N, Jacquin-Joly E, Capoduro R, Cali K, Persaud K, Al-Saleh MA, Pain A. Pheromone receptor of the globally invasive quarantine pest of the palm tree, the red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2025-2039. [PMID: 33687767 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Palm trees are of immense economic, sociocultural, touristic, and patrimonial significance all over the world, and date palm-related knowledge, traditions, and practices are now included in UNESCOs list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Of all the pests that infest these trees, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is its primary enemy. The RPW is a category-1 quarantine insect pest that causes enormous economic losses in palm tree cultivation worldwide. The RPW synchronizes mass gathering on the palm tree for feeding and mating, regulated by a male-produced pheromone composed of two methyl-branched compounds, (4RS, 5RS)-4-methylnonan-5-ol (ferrugineol) and 4(RS)-methylnonan-5-one (ferrugineone). Despite the importance of odorant detection in long-range orientation towards palm trees, palm colonization, and mating, the pheromone receptor has not been identified in this species. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the first RPW pheromone receptor, RferOR1. Using gene silencing and functional expression in Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons, we demonstrate that RferOR1 is tuned to ferrugineol and ferrugineone and binds five other structurally related molecules. We reveal the lifetime expression of RferOR1, which correlates with adult mating success irrespective of age, a factor that could explain the wide distribution and spread of this pest. As palm weevils are challenging to control based on conventional methods, elucidation of the mechanisms of pheromone detection opens new routes for mating disruption and the early detection of this pest via the development of pheromone receptor-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Antony
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Center for Chemical Ecology and Functional Genomics, Chair of Date Palm Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jibin Johny
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Center for Chemical Ecology and Functional Genomics, Chair of Date Palm Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Versailles, France
| | - Rémi Capoduro
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Versailles, France
| | - Khasim Cali
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Krishna Persaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Center for Chemical Ecology and Functional Genomics, Chair of Date Palm Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Knutelski S, Awad M, Łukasz N, Bukowski M, Śmiałek J, Suder P, Dubin G, Mak P. Isolation, Identification, and Bioinformatic Analysis of Antibacterial Proteins and Peptides from Immunized Hemolymph of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Biomolecules 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 33440876 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, 1791, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a destructive pest of palms, rapidly extending its native geographical range and causing large economic losses worldwide. The present work describes isolation, identification, and bioinformatic analysis of antibacterial proteins and peptides from the immunized hemolymph of this beetle. In total, 17 different bactericidal or bacteriostatic compounds were isolated via a series of high-pressure liquid chromatography steps, and their partial amino acid sequences were determined by N-terminal sequencing or by mass spectrometry. The bioinformatic analysis of the results facilitated identification and description of corresponding nucleotide coding sequences for each peptide and protein, based on the recently published R. ferrugineus transcriptome database. The identified compounds are represented by several well-known bactericidal factors: two peptides similar to defensins, one cecropin-A1-like peptide, and one attacin-B-like protein. Interestingly, we have also identified some unexpected compounds comprising five isoforms of pheromone-binding proteins as well as seven isoforms of odorant-binding proteins. The particular role of these factors in insect response to bacterial infection needs further investigation.
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Kurdi H, Al-Aldawsari A, Al-Turaiki I, Aldawood AS. Early Detection of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), Infestation Using Data Mining. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10010095. [PMID: 33418843 PMCID: PMC7824852 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past 30 years, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), a pest that is highly destructive to all types of palms, has rapidly spread worldwide. However, detecting infestation with the RPW is highly challenging because symptoms are not visible until the death of the palm tree is inevitable. In addition, the use of automated RPW weevil identification tools to predict infestation is complicated by a lack of RPW datasets. In this study, we assessed the capability of 10 state-of-the-art data mining classification algorithms, Naive Bayes (NB), KSTAR, AdaBoost, bagging, PART, J48 Decision tree, multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and logistic regression, to use plant-size and temperature measurements collected from individual trees to predict RPW infestation in its early stages before significant damage is caused to the tree. The performance of the classification algorithms was evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure using a real RPW dataset. The experimental results showed that infestations with RPW can be predicted with an accuracy up to 93%, precision above 87%, recall equals 100%, and F-measure greater than 93% using data mining. Additionally, we found that temperature and circumference are the most important features for predicting RPW infestation. However, we strongly call for collecting and aggregating more RPW datasets to run more experiments to validate these results and provide more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Kurdi
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02142-1308, USA
| | - Amal Al-Aldawsari
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Isra Al-Turaiki
- Information Technology Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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León-Quinto T, Fimia A, Madrigal R, Serna A. Morphological response of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, to a transient low temperature analyzed by computer tomography and holographic microscopy. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102748. [PMID: 33292989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is one of the worst palm pests worldwide. Our study aims to assess its internal and external morphological response to a sudden but transient decrease in the environmental temperature. Wild pre-pupae were subjected for 7 days to either low (5.0 ± 0.5 °C) or ambient temperature (23 ± 1 °C). Such conditions mimic a thermal anomaly happening in the larval stage most exposed to environmental factors. We quantified the changes undergone at: 1) the internal morphology, by X-Ray Computer Tomography (CT); 2) the 3-D integument' architecture, by Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM); and 3) the glucose in hemolymph as a potential endogenous cryoprotectant. From X-ray CT we found that both pre-pupae subjected to cold and those remaining at ambient temperature follow a development where their fat body content decreases while a thick and dense cuticle is formed. There was no difference between both groups in the rate of change of fat body/dense tissues. Nevertheless, the cold group presents a slight developmental delay at the level of hemolymph content. Through DHM we again obtained that pre-pupae subjected to cold have not experienced a stop in their development. However, a more obvious developmental delay is now observed in this group at the level of the integumental roughness. Finally, regarding glucose, we found similar levels in control and ambient temperature larvae, while it was clearly increased in 51,7% of those subjected to cold. Our whole results provide morphological and biochemical evidence showing that the larval-pupal transition of the RPW continues almost undisturbed even during the quiescent state induced by a sudden and severe cold event. Nevertheless, a certain developmental delay is observed in both internal and external morphology. Additionally, the increased glucose level only found in the cold group suggests that glucose is part of the RPW cold tolerance strategy.
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Santhi VS, Ment D, Faigenboim A, Salame L, Soroker V, Hetzroni A, Glazer I. Behavioral and molecular response of the insect parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae to cues emitted by a host, the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 241:111345. [PMID: 33290763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the larvae of the date palm pest, the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, feeds on the host tissue, they emit a distinctive sound which can be recorded outside of the infected tree. We evaluated the response of infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae to the R. ferrugineus larvae and it's sound source, separately. In the presence of the insect larvae, 50.2 % of total IJs moved toward those larvae. Recorded insect larvae sound emitted by the speaker resulted in 7% of total IJs near the sound source. RNA-Seq data indicated that more genes were downregulated in S. carpocapsae IJs exposed to insect and speaker compared to non-stimulated IJs. IJs exposed to insect exhibited more up-regulated genes than IJs exposed to speaker. Enriched pathways and biological processes in IJs were similar for both stimuli. The inhibition of locomotion, regulation of neurotransmitter secretion, response to biotic stimulus, and cellular response to chemical stimuli were enriched with unique GO terms for speaker treatment. The regulation of localization, sodium ion transmembrane transport, regulation of response to stress and response to organic substances were the GO categories enriched unique to insect. The host-parasitic interaction was regulated by the differential expression of Ras/MAP kinase, TGF-beta signaling, insulin signaling, AMPK signaling, PPAR signaling pathways and many developmental pathways. More prominent R. ferrugineus host localization by S. carpocapsae was primarily due to the differential transcriptional regulation of olfactory signal transduction, FOXO-family proteins, calcium signaling, WNT and mTOR signaling pathway. The neural basis for the nematode attraction to insect host is based on the chemosensation and the mechanosensation. Many neuropeptides and neuromodulators are involved in regulating the foraging behavior of S. carpocapsae. The results of this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that allow these nematodes to seek insect hosts. Our finding, especially the molecular ones suggest that chemical cues emitted by the active insect host are stimulants of nematodes attraction. Whereas the sound emitted by the insect has minor effects on the nematode behavior.
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Cappa F, Torrini G, Mazza G, Inghilesi AF, Benvenuti C, Viliani L, Roversi PF, Cervo R. Assessing immunocompetence in red palm weevil adult and immature stages in response to bacterial challenge and entomopathogenic nematode infection. Insect Sci 2020; 27:1031-1042. [PMID: 31633276 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites and pathogens can follow different patterns of infection depending on the host developmental stage or sex. In fact, immune function is energetically costly for hosts and trade-offs exist between immune defenses and life history traits as growth, development and reproduction and organisms should thus optimize immune defense through their life cycle according to their developmental stage. Identifying the most susceptible target and the most virulent pathogen is particularly important in the case of insect pests, in order to develop effective control strategies targeting the most vulnerable individuals with the most effective control agent. Here, we carried out laboratory tests to identify the most susceptible target of infection by infecting different stages of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (larvae, pupae, male, and female adults) with both a generic pathogen, antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, and two specific strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae ItS-CAO1 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ItH-LU1. By evaluating bacterial clearance, host mortality and parasite progeny release, we demonstrate that larvae are more resistant than adults to bacterial challenge and they release less EPNs progeny after infection despite a higher mortality compared to adults. Considering the two EPN strains, S. carpocapsae was more virulent than H. bacteriophora both in terms of host mortality and more abundant progeny released by hosts after death. The outcomes attained with unspecific and specific pathogens provide useful information for a more efficient and sustainable management of this invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cappa
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrini
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Benvenuti
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Cervo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Orfali R, Binsuwaileh A, Abu Al-Ala'a H, Bane-Gamea S, Zaidan N, Abdelazim M, Alhasan Ismael M, Perveen S, Majrashi N, Alluhayb K, Orfali RS. Production of a biopesticide on host and Non-Host serine protease inhibitors for red palm weevil in palm trees. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2803-8. [PMID: 32994740 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are essential metabolic enzymes in the midgut of many pests, including the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, which has a significant impact economically, environmentally and socially worldwide especially in the middle east. Some methods have been used to manage this pest such as trapping of RPW with pheromones, chemicals, and X-rays. However, these methods are costly, not effective and negatively impact the human. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the discovery of an eco-friendly pesticide to eradicate this infection by using serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) extracted from different parts of plant resources. In this research, both in vitro and in vivo effects of SPIs activity against RPW were examined. The protease inhibitors (PIs) activity was recorded in the crude extract that was isolated from the date’s kernel (DKE), host and Calotropis latex (CLE), non-host. These PIs were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The midgut tissue of RPW was extracted and analyzed for protases activity assay. PIs assays were consistent with the increased in the inhibitory activity against the midgut proteases after treatment with a DKE and CLE. The reduction of gut proteases by DKE solution and CLE was 39%, 18%, respectively. Partially purified DKE showed the most prominent inhibition pattern of protease activity of the gut extract. While, latex exhibited acute toxicity, imparting the least LC50 (5.132 mg/mL) against RPW larvae. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the hypothesis that SPIs activity may play an important role in enhancing the mortality of RPW and relieving the toxicity of insecticide in palm trees.
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22
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Harith-Fadzilah N, Haris-Hussain M, Abd Ghani I, Zakaria A, Amit S, Zainal Z, Azmi WA, Jalinas J, Hassan M. Physical and Physiological Monitoring on Red Palm Weevil-Infested Oil Palms. Insects 2020; 11:insects11070407. [PMID: 32630104 PMCID: PMC7411890 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) is a stem boring Coleoptera that decimates host palm trees from within. The challenge of managing this pest is due to a lack of physical symptoms during the early stages of infestation. Investigating the physiological changes that occur within RPW-infested palm trees may be useful in establishing a new approach in RPW detection. In this study, the effects of RPW infestation were investigated in Elaeis guineensis by observing changes in physical and physiological parameters during the progress of infestation by visual inspection and the comparison of growth, gas exchange, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content between the non-infested control, physically wounded, and RPW-infested E. guineensis groups. During the study period, four distinct levels of physical infestation were observed and recorded. The RPW-infested group displayed significantly lower maximum photosynthesis activity (Amax) starting from the third week post-infestation. However, growth in terms of change in plant height and stem circumference, leaves’ stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were not significantly different between the three groups during the duration of the study. The significant drop in photosynthesis was observed one week before physical changes appeared. This suggests the promising utilisation of photosynthesis activity as a signal for detecting RPW infestation at the early stage of attacks, which could be useful for integration in integrated pest management (IPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmi Harith-Fadzilah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mohamad Haris-Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Idris Abd Ghani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Azlina Zakaria
- Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd., KM10, Jalan Banting-Kelanang, Banting 42700, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Samsudin Amit
- Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd., KM10, Jalan Banting-Kelanang, Banting 42700, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Johari Jalinas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Qayyum MA, Saleem MA, Saeed S, Wakil W, Ishtiaq M, Ashraf W, Ahmed N, Ali M, Ikram RM, Yasin M, Maqsood S, Kiran S, Qaiser MF, Ayaz RA, Nawaz MZ, Abid AD, Khan KA, Alamri SA. Integration of entomopathogenic fungi and eco-friendly insecticides for management of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1811-1817. [PMID: 32565700 PMCID: PMC7296496 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is a voracious pest of date palm worldwide. Pakistan ranks sixth in date palm production globally. Losses to date palm plantations in Pakistan sometimes surpass 10%-20%. Most of the traditional management strategies used by farmers have been found insignificant to combat this voracious pest. The entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana [QA-3(L) and QA-3(H)] and insecticides, Nitenpyram (Active 10% SL) [NIT (L) and NIT (H)] were applied to larval (2nd, 4th, and 6th), pupal and adult stages of R. ferrugienus. Integration or alone application of fungi with insecticides at different concentration under laboratory conditions. Combined application was depicted additive and synergistic interactions. Contrarily, highest cumulative mortality (100%) was recorded in 2nd instar larvae as compared to later instar larvae at combined application. The maximum pupal and adult mortality remained 89% and 66% respectively after treatment with [QA-3 (H) + NIT (L)]. The combination of B. bassiana at higher concentration whereas Nitenpyram at lower dose was found more lethal to larvae, pupae and adults of R. ferrugineus. This signifies the need of combining B. bassiana and bio-rational insecticides that can reduce the cost of management with least harm to environment and natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Abdul Qayyum
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Saleem
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Wakil
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ashraf
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Maqsood
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Kiran
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Qaiser
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Ahsan Ayaz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Nawaz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta Abid
- Department of Plant Protection, Karachi Ministry of National Food Security, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Alamri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 3100, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Yang H, Xu D, Zhuo Z, Hu J, Lu B. SMRT sequencing of the full-length transcriptome of the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9133. [PMID: 32509454 PMCID: PMC7246026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive insects for palm trees in the world. However, its genome resources are still in the blank stage, which limits the study of molecular and growth development analysis. Methods In this study, we used PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq to first generate transcriptome from three developmental stages of R. ferrugineus (pupa, 7th larva, female and male) to increase our understanding of the life cycle and molecular characteristics of R. ferrugineus. Results A total of 63,801 nonredundant full-length transcripts were generated with an average length of 2,964 bp from three developmental stages, including the 7th instar larva, pupa, female adult and male adult. These transcripts showed a high annotation rate in seven public databases, with 54,999 (86.20%) successfully annotated. Meanwhile, 2,184 alternative splicing (AS) events, 2,084 transcription factors (TFs), 66,230 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 9,618 Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. In summary, our results provide a new source of full-length transcriptional data and information for the further study of gene expression and genetics in R. ferrugineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Danping Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Preservative, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiameng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Baoqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture China, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
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25
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Muhammad A, Habineza P, Wang X, Xiao R, Ji T, Hou Y, Shi Z. Spätzle Homolog-Mediated Toll-Like Pathway Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Maintain the Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota in the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:846. [PMID: 32523559 PMCID: PMC7261851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spätzle (Spz) is a dimeric ligand that responds to the Gram-positive bacterial or fungal infection by binding Toll receptors to induce the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. However, whether the Toll-like signaling pathway mediates the innate immunity of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus to modulate the homeostasis of gut microbiota has not been determined. In this study, we found that a Spz homolog, RfSpätzle, is a secretory protein comprising a signal peptide and a conservative Spz domain. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RfSpätzle was significantly induced to be expressed in the fat body and gut by the systemic and oral infection with pathogenic microbes. The expression levels of two antimicrobial peptide genes, RfColeoptericin and RfCecropin, were downregulated significantly by RfSpätzle knockdown, indicating that their secretion is under the regulation of the RfSpätzle-mediated signaling pathway. After being challenged by pathogenic microbes, the cumulative mortality rate of RfSpätzle-silenced individuals was drastically increased as compared to that of the controls. Further analysis indicated that these larvae possessed the diminished antibacterial activity. Moreover, RfSpätzle knockdown altered the relative abundance of gut bacteria at the phylum and family levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that RfSpätzle is involved in RPW immunity to confer protection and maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota by mediating the production of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Prosper Habineza
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Zhang H, Bai J, Huang S, Liu H, Lin J, Hou Y. Neuropeptides and G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:159. [PMID: 32184735 PMCID: PMC7058690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a devastating, invasive pest that causes serious damages to palm trees, and its invasiveness depends on its strong ability of physiological and behavioral adaptability. Neuropeptides and their receptors regulate physiology and behavior of insects, but these protein partners have not been identified from many insects. Here, we systematically identified neuropeptide precursors and the corresponding receptors in the red palm weevil, and analyzed their tissue expression patterns under control conditions and after pathogen infection. A total of 43 putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, including an extra myosuppressin peptide was identified with amino acid substitutions at two conserved sites. Forty-four putative neuropeptide receptors belonging to three classes were also identified, in which neuropeptide F receptors and insulin receptors were expanded compared to those in other insects. Based on qRT-PCR analyses, genes coding for several neuropeptide precursors and receptors were highly expressed in tissues other than the nervous system, suggesting that these neuropeptides and receptors play other roles in addition to neuro-reception. Some of the neuropeptides and receptors, like the tachykinin-related peptide and receptor, were significantly induced by pathogen infection, especially sensitive to Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae. Systemic identification and initial characterization of neuropeptides and their receptors in the red palm weevil provide a framework for further studies to reveal the functions of these ligand- and receptor-couples in regulating physiology, behavior, and immunity in this important insect pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Shuning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
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27
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Pu YC, Liang XY, Zhang H, Zhang HJ, Xu LN, Ji YN, Huang SN, Bai J, Hou YM. Identification of Novel ARSB Genes Necessary for p-Benzoquinone Biosynthesis in the Larval Oral Secretion Participating in External Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1610. [PMID: 32111099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
External secretions, composed of a variety of chemical components, are among the most important traits that endow insects with the ability to defend themselves against predators, parasites, or other adversities, especially pathogens. Thus, these exudates play a crucial role in external immunity. Red palm weevil larvae are prolific in this regard, producing large quantities of p-benzoquinone, which is present in their oral secretion. Benzoquinone with antimicrobial activity has been proven to be an active ingredient and key factor for external immunity in a previous study. To obtain a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of external immune secretions, we identify genes necessary for p-benzoquinone synthesis. Three novel ARSB genes, namely, RfARSB-0311, RfARSB-11581, and RfARSB-14322, are screened, isolated, and molecularly characterized on the basis of transcriptome data. To determine whether these genes are highly and specifically expressed in the secretory gland, we perform tissue/organ-specific expression profile analysis. The functions of these genes are further determined by examining the antimicrobial activity of the secretions and quantification of p-benzoquinone after RNAi. All the results reveal that the ARSB gene family can regulate the secretory volume of p-benzoquinone by participating in the biosynthesis of quinones, thus altering the host’s external immune inhibitory efficiency.
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28
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Al Dawsari Mona M. Insecticidal potential of cardamom and clove extracts on adult red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:195-201. [PMID: 31889836 PMCID: PMC6933195 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of cardamom and clove seed powder and extracted compounds against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), was assessed in laboratory exposure experiments. The treatments comprised different amounts of seed powder of cardamom (0.8, 1, 3, and 5 mg) and clove (1, 3, 5, 7 mg), and extract concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) for both plants using ether petroleum or chloroform. Data showed that 5 mg of cardamom powdered seed resulted in 93% mortality after one day and 100% mortality after two days. Whereas after two days, lower amounts (0.8, 1, and 3 mg) resulted in 26%, 40%, 46%, respectively. A similar result was obtained for clove seed powder, where 7 mg caused 53% mortality after one day and 100% mortality after three days, other amounts (1, 3, and 5 mg) resulted in 33%, 73%, and 80%, mortality respectively, after three days. We found that all amounts of extract of both plants resulted in 100% mortality after three days. GC-MS analysis of the cardamom and clove extracts revealed the presence of a large number of terpenes of particular note was eugenol and two novel compounds Hydroxy-alpha-Terpenyl Acetate and Labda -8(17),13(E)- Diene- 15. The current work aims at the possibility of benefiting from natural plants pesticides as being safer as well as on the separation of volatile oils, which was known to be important in the control pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al Dawsari Mona
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdel Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Muhammad A, Habineza P, Hou Y, Shi Z. Preparation of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Germ-free Larvae for Host-gut Microbes Interaction Studies. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3456. [PMID: 33654951 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a devastating pest of palm trees worldwide. RPW gut is colonized by diverse bacterial species which profoundly influence host development and nutritional metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota remain mostly unknown. Antibiotics are usually employed to remove gut bacteria to investigate the impact of gut bacteria on insect fitness. However, administration of antibiotics cannot thoroughly remove gut bacteria for most insect species. Therefore, establishing germfree (GF) organisms is a powerful way to reveal the mutual interactions between gut bacteria and their insect hosts. Here, we describe a protocol to generate and maintain RPW GF larvae, being completely devoid of gut bacteria in laboratory. RPW GF larvae were established from the dechorionated fresh eggs which were reared on the sterilized artificial food under axenic conditions. The establishment of GF larvae set a solid foundation to deeply elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Prosper Habineza
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Hussain A, AlJabr AM, Al-Ayedh H. Development-Disrupting Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, Novaluron, Reprogramming the Chitin Degradation Mechanism of Red Palm Weevils. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234304. [PMID: 31779078 PMCID: PMC6930496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption in chitin regulation by using chitin synthesis inhibitor (novaluron) was investigated to gain insights into the biological activity of chitinase in red palm weevils, an invasive pest of date palms in the Middle East. Impact of novaluron against ninth instar red palm weevil larvae was examined by dose-mortality response bioassays, nutritional indices, and expression patterns of chitinase genes characterized in this study. Laboratory bioassays revealed dose-dependent mortality response of ninth-instar red palm weevil larvae with LD50 of 14.77 ppm of novaluron. Dietary growth analysis performed using different doses of novaluron (30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 ppm) exhibited very high reduction in their indexes such as Efficacy of Conversion of Digested Food (82.38%) and Efficacy of Conversion of Ingested Food (74.27%), compared with control treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of red palm weevil larvae characterized numerous genes involved in chitin degradation including chitinase, chitinase-3-like protein 2, chitinase domain-containing protein 1, Endochitinase-like, chitinase 3, and chitin binding peritrophin-a domain. However, quantitative expression patterns of these genes in response to novaluron-fed larvae revealed tissue-specific time-dependent expression patterns. We recorded overexpression of all genes from mid-gut tissues. Growth retarding, chitin remodeling and larvicidal potential suggest novaluron as a promising alternate for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Research and Consulting Institute, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Mohammed AlJabr
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +009-6650-691-4442
| | - Hassan Al-Ayedh
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
- National Agriculture technology center, Life science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- RPW Consultant, United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Muhammad A, Habineza P, Ji T, Hou Y, Shi Z. Intestinal Microbiota Confer Protection by Priming the Immune System of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:1303. [PMID: 31681013 PMCID: PMC6805723 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of animals, including insects, is the vital factor to maintain the symbiotic interactions between animals and their associated microbes. However, the effects of gut microbiota on insect immunity remain mostly elusive. Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest of palm trees worldwide, which has forged alliances with its gut microbiota. Here, we found that the aposymbiotic insects succumbed at a significantly faster rate than conventionally reared (CR) ones upon bacterial infection. Physiological assays confirmed that CR insects had stronger antimicrobial activity and higher phenoloxidase activity in contrast to germfree (GF) ones, indicating that the systemic immune responses of GF individuals were compromised markedly. Interestingly, under the bacterial challenge conditions, the reassociation of gut microbiota with GF insects could enhance their survival rate by rescuing their immunocompetence. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered that 35 immune-related genes, including pathogen recognition receptors, effectors and immune signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated in GF insects as compared to CR ones. Collectively, our findings corrobate that intestinal commensal bacteria have profound immunostimulatory effects on RPW larvae. Therefore, knowledge on the effects of gut microbiota on RPW immune defenses may contribute to of set up efficient control strategies of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Prosper Habineza
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Scrascia M, D'Addabbo P, Roberto R, Porcelli F, Oliva M, Calia C, Dionisi AM, Pazzani C. Characterization of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Serratia marcescens Isolated from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090368. [PMID: 31546915 PMCID: PMC6780938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system has been attracting increasing scientific interest for biological functions and biotechnological applications. Data on the Serratia marcescens system are scarce. Here, we report a comprehensive characterisation of CRISPR-Cas systems identified in S. marcescens strains isolated as secondary symbionts of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, also known as Red Palm Weevil (RPW), one of the most invasive pests of major cultivated palms. Whole genome sequencing was performed on four strains (S1, S5, S8, and S13), which were isolated from the reproductive apparatus of RPWs. Subtypes I-F and I-E were harboured by S5 and S8, respectively. No CRISPR-Cas system was detected in S1 or S13. Two CRISPR arrays (4 and 51 spacers) were detected in S5 and three arrays (11, 31, and 30 spacers) were detected in S8. The CRISPR-Cas systems were located in the genomic region spanning from ybhR to phnP, as if this were the only region where CRISPR-Cas loci were acquired. This was confirmed by analyzing the S. marcescens complete genomes available in the NCBI database. This region defines a genomic hotspot for horizontally acquired genes and/or CRISPR-Cas systems. This study also supplies the first identification of subtype I-E in S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scrascia
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pietro D'Addabbo
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Roberto
- Department of Plants, Food, and Soil Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Plants, Food, and Soil Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marta Oliva
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Calia
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Dionisi
- Department of Infectious diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pazzani
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Xiao R, Wang X, Xie E, Ji T, Li X, Muhammad A, Yin X, Hou Y, Shi Z. An IMD-like pathway mediates the intestinal immunity to modulate the homeostasis of gut microbiota in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 97:20-27. [PMID: 30914318 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most animals have established the mutualistic interactions with their intestinal microbes which provide multiple benefits to their host physiology. However, the mechanisms behind hosts determine the load and composition of gut microbiota are still poorly understood outside dipteran insects. Here, the gene, encoding the NF-κB-like transcription factor Relish, being designated as RfRelish, was identified and analyzed in red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. We revealed that the abundance of RfRelish transcripts in the fat body, hemolymph and gut are significantly higher than that in non-immunity-related tissues, and its expression level can be markedly induced by bacterial challenges. When RfRelish was silenced, the ability of individuals to clear the pathogenic bacteria in body cavity and gut was significantly compromised, suggesting that both the systemic and gut local immunity were impaired dramatically by RfRelish knockdown. Additionally, the silenced insects exhibited increased gut bacterial load, and the relative abundance of some gut bacteria was changed as compared to controls. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the IMD-like pathway restricts the proliferation of gut bacteria and shapes the commensal community structure in the intestine of R. ferrugineus by mediating the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. We provide a striking example on how an insect pest maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota via a conserved immune pathway without compromising the advantages of the mutualistic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Erming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tianliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Alzahrani AM. Ultrastructural damage and biochemical alterations in the testes of red palm weevils ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) exposed to imidacloprid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16548-16555. [PMID: 30980376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid, there is an urgent need for documenting information related to its acute toxicity. Therefore, this study aims to explore the markers of IMI acute toxicity in the testes of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). The LC50 of IMI was determined at 15.7 ppm for male R. ferrugineus. We assessed biochemical alterations in the testes resulting from treatment with four IMI concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 30 ppm). A reduction in glutathione content and acetylcholine esterase activity followed the IMI concentration in a dependent manner. Catalase activity was inhibited only at 20 ppm, while it increased significantly at 30 ppm. Lipid peroxidation increased steadily as the IMI concentrations increased. Based on ultrastructural analyses of spermiogenic stages, acute IMI toxicity produced swelling and degeneration of spermatid mitochondria indicating structural imbalances in their membranes. Further, abnormal chromatin condensation in nuclei and even loss of sperm were also apparent. This study provides biochemical and ultrastructural indicators for acute toxicity resulting from IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia.
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Habineza P, Muhammad A, Ji T, Xiao R, Yin X, Hou Y, Shi Z. The Promoting Effect of Gut Microbiota on Growth and Development of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) by Modulating Its Nutritional Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31191510 PMCID: PMC6549218 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest for palm trees worldwide. Recent studies have shown that RPW gut is colonized by microbes and alterations in gut microbiota can significantly modify its hemolymph nutrition content. However, the exact effects of gut microbiota on RPW phenotype and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here germ-free (GF) RPW larvae were generated from dechorionated eggs which were reared on sterilized artificial food under axenic conditions. Compared with controls, the larval development of GF RPW individuals was markedly depressed and their body mass was reduced as well. Furthermore, the content of hemolymph protein, glucose and triglyceride were dropped significantly in GF RPW larvae. Interestingly, introducing gut microbiota into GF individuals could significantly increase the levels of the three nutrition indices. Additionally, it has also been demonstrated that RPW larvae monoassociated with Lactococcus lactis exhibited the same level of protein content with the CR (conventionally reared) insects while feeding Enterobacter cloacae to GF larvae increased their hemolymph triglyceride and glucose content markedly. Consequently, our findings suggest that gut microbiota profoundly affect the development of this pest by regulating its nutrition metabolism and different gut bacterial species show distinct impact on host physiology. Taken together, the establishment of GF and gnotobiotic RPW larvae will advance the elucidation of molecular mechanisms behind the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Habineza
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Tianliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xianyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
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Hussain A, Rizwan-Ul-Haq M, AlJabr AM, Al-Ayedh H. Lethality of Sesquiterpenes Reprogramming Red Palm Weevil Detoxification Mechanism for Natural Novel Biopesticide Development. Molecules 2019; 24:E1648. [PMID: 31027367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biopesticide development for invasive populations of red palm weevils is mainly responsible for the destruction of date palms and demands an extensive screening program of plant secondary metabolites. In the current study, the pesticidal potential of sesquiterpenes (C15 H24), an important class of plant secondary metabolites primarily composed of three isoprene units, was evaluated by laboratory toxicity, feeding performance bioassays, and host detoxification gene expression patterns. Dose-mortality response bioassays performed against mid-aged eighth-instar red palm weevil larvae revealed dose-dependent mortality. Only three sesquiterpenes, including Farnesol (LD50 = 6559 ppm) and Farnesyl acetate (LD50 = 7867 ppm), are considered to have significant toxicity, with Picrotoxin (LD50 = 317 ppm) being the most toxic. Furthermore, highly toxic sesquiterpene (Picrotoxin) established in the current study tremendously reduced the feeding performance indices, including the efficacy of conversion of digested food (ECD) (81.74%) and the efficacy of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (73.62%). The least toxic sesquiterpenes, including β-Caryophyllene, (+)-Cedrol, Nerolidol, (+)-Nootkatone, and Parthenolide, observed in the current study failed to impart significant reductions of ECI and ECD indices. Lethality of the least toxic sesquiterpenes was overcome by greatly inducing gene expressions of Glutathione S transferase (GST) and Cytochrome P450. These encouraging results enabled us to suggest Picrotoxin as a promising biopesticide for the control of red palm weevil infestations.
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Potamitis I, Rigakis I, Tatlas NA, Potirakis S. In-Vivo Vibroacoustic Surveillance of Trees in the Context of the IoT. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1366. [PMID: 30893798 DOI: 10.3390/s19061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces a device for long term systematic monitoring of trees against borers. A widely applied way to detect wood-boring insects is to insert a piezoelectric probe with an uncoated waveguide in the tree trunk and listen for locomotion or feeding sounds through headphones. This approach has several shortcomings: (a) frequent manual inspection of trees is costly and impractical to scale to hundreds or thousands of trees, (b) the larvae could be present but inactive during the inspection time and, (c) when the trees are in urban environments the background noise can be significant and can mask the feeble sounds of wood-boring insects even with the use of specialized headphones. We introduce a remotely controlled device that records and wirelessly transmits on a scheduled basis short recordings of the internal vibrations of a tree to a server. The user can listen remotely or process the recording automatically to infer the infestation state of the tree with wood-boring insects that feed or move inside the tree. When integrated within the IoT framework this device can scale up to automatically monitoring the trees of the entire city. The proposed approach led to detection results in field trials of the pests Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Cerambycidae) and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
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Dawadi B, Wang X, Xiao R, Muhammad A, Hou Y, Shi Z. PGRP-LB homolog acts as a negative modulator of immunity in maintaining the gut-microbe symbiosis of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 86:65-77. [PMID: 29715482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many notorious insect pests live in the symbiotic associations with gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms underlying how they host their gut microbiota are unknown. Most gut bacteria can release peptidoglycan (PGN) which is an important antigen to activate the immune response. Therefore, how to keep the appropriate gut immune intensity to host commensals while to efficiently remove enteropathogens is vital for insect health. This study is aimed at elucidating the roles of an amidase PGRP, Rf PGRP-LB, in maintaining the gut-microbe symbiosis of Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. RfPGRP-LB is a secreted protein containing a typical PGRP domain. The existence of five conservative amino acid residues, being required for amidase activity, showed that RfPGRP-LB is a catalytic protein. Expression analysis revealed abundance of RfPGRP-LB transcripts in gut was dramatically higher than those in other tissues. RfPGRP-LB could be significantly induced against the infection of Escherichia coli. In vitro assays revealed that rRfPGRP-LB impaired the growth of E. coli and agglutinated bacteria cells obviously, suggesting RfPGRP-LB is a pathogen recognition receptor and bactericidal molecule. RfPGRP-LB knockdown reduced the persistence of E. coli in gut and load of indigenous gut microbiota significantly. Furthermore, the community structure of indigenous gut microbiota was also intensively altered by RfPGRP-LB silence. Higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide, attacin, were detected in guts of RfPGRP-LB silenced larvae than controls. Collectively, RfPGRP-LB plays multiple roles in modulating the homeostasis of RPW gut microbiota not only by acting as a negative regulator of mucosal immunity through PGN degradation but also as a bactericidal effector to prevent overgrowth of commensals and persistence of noncommensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Dawadi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Muhammad A, Fang Y, Hou Y, Shi Z. The Gut Entomotype of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Their Effect on Host Nutrition Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2291. [PMID: 29209298 PMCID: PMC5702300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For invasive insects, the potential roles of gut microbiota in exploiting new food resources and spreading remain elusive. Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is an invasive destructive pest which feeds on nutrient-poor tender tissues and has caused extensive mortality of palm trees. The microbes associated with insects can improve their nutrition assimilation. However, experimental evidence on the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota is still absent. The aim of this study is to determine the dynamics changes and the bacterial entomotype in the RPW gut and its potential physiological roles. Here, we confirmed RPW harbors a complex gut microbiota mainly constituted by bacteria in the families Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Entomoplasmataceae, and Streptococcaceae. RPW gut microbiota exhibited a highly stable microbial community with low variance in abundance across different life stages and host plants. Furthermore, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was markedly increased but that of Acetobacteraceae was reduced significantly after administration of antibiotics. Although no significant effects were found on the body weight gain of RPW larvae, these alterations dramatically decreased the concentration of hemolymph protein and glucose while that of hemolymph triglyceride increased. In the gut of wild-caught RPW larvae, seven bacterial species in the genera Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter were shown to have an ability to degrade cellulose. Together, RPW accommodate a stable gut microbiota which can degrade plant polysaccharides and confer their host optimal adaptation to its environment by modulating its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
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Wang G, Hou Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li J, Chen Z. Strong population genetic structure of an invasive species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), in southern China. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10770-10781. [PMID: 29299256 PMCID: PMC5743574 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), was initially reported in China in the 1990s and is now considered one of the most successful invasive pests of palm plants in the country. A total of 14 microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ι (cox I) gene fragment were used to investigate the genetic characteristics and structure of R. ferrugineus in southern China. High levels of genetic differentiation among populations and significant correlations between genetic and geographical distances indicated an important role of geographical distance in the distribution of the RPW in southern China. High gene flow between Fujian and Taiwan province populations illustrated the increased effects of frequent anthropogenic activities on gene flow between them. Genetic similarity (i.e., haplotype similarity) indicated that RPW individuals from Taiwan and Fujian invaded from a different source than those from Hainan. To some extent, the genetic structure of the RPW in southern China correlated well with the geographic origins of this pest. We propose that geographical distance, anthropogenic activities, and the biological attributes of this pest are responsible for the distribution pattern of the RPW in southern China. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the most likely native sources of the RPW in southern China are India, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Fuzhou Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C. Fuzhou China
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AlJabr AM, Hussain A, Rizwan-Ul-Haq M, Al-Ayedh H. Toxicity of Plant Secondary Metabolites Modulating Detoxification Genes Expression for Natural Red Palm Weevil Pesticide Development. Molecules 2017; 22:E169. [PMID: 28117698 PMCID: PMC6155707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the larvicidal and growth-inhibiting activities, and underlying detoxification mechanism of red palm weevil against phenylpropanoids, an important class of plant secondary metabolites. Toxicity of α-asarone, eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, coumarin, coumarin 6, coniferyl aldehyde, diniconazole, ethyl cinnamate, and rosmarinic acid was evaluated by incorporation into the artificial diet. All of the phenylpropanoids exhibited dose- and time-dependent insecticidal activity. Among all the tested phenylpropanoids, coumarin exhibited the highest toxicity by revealing the least LD50 value (0.672 g/L). In addition, the most toxic compound (coumarin) observed in the current study, deteriorated the growth resulting tremendous reduction (78.39%) in efficacy of conversion of digested food (ECD), and (ECI) efficacy of conversion of ingested food (70.04%) of tenth-instar red palm weevil larvae. The energy-deficient red palm weevil larvae through their intrinsic abilities showed enhanced response to their digestibility resulting 27.78% increase in approximate digestibility (AD) compared to control larvae. The detoxification response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae determined by the quantitative expression of cytochrome P450, esterases, and glutathione S-transferase revealed enhanced expression among moderately toxic and ineffective compounds. These genes especially cytochrome P450 and GST detoxify the target compounds by enhancing their solubility that leads rapid excretion and degradation resulting low toxicity towards red palm weevil larvae. On the other hand, the most toxic (coumarin) silenced the genes involved in the red palm weevil detoxification mechanism. Based on the toxicity, growth retarding, and masking detoxification activities, coumarin could be a useful future natural red palm weevil-controlling agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed AlJabr
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abid Hussain
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan-Ul-Haq
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Al-Ayedh
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
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Vacas S, Melita O, Michaelakis A, Milonas P, Minuz R, Riolo P, Abbass MK, Lo Bue P, Colazza S, Peri E, Soroker V, Livne Y, Primo J, Navarro-Llopis V. Lures for red palm weevil trapping systems: aggregation pheromone and synthetic kairomone. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:223-231. [PMID: 27060471 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimisation of the lure is essential for the implementation of trapping systems to control insect pests. In this work, the response of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, to increasing emission rates of its aggregation pheromone (ferrugineol) and the efficacy of a convenient synthetic kairomone based on fermentation odours (ethyl acetate and ethanol) have been evaluated in different years and locations along the Mediterranean basin. RESULTS In general, although capture data and emission had noticeable variability among locations, significantly fewer RPW were captured in pyramidal Picusan® traps with the lowest ferrugineol emission rates tested (0.6-3.8 mg day-1 ). Captures increased rapidly with ferrugineol emission up to 4-5 mg day-1 ; then, higher emission rates did not improve or reduce captures, up to the highest emission rate tested of 50.9 mg day-1 . Thus, there is no evidence of an optimum release rate corresponding to a maximum of RPW catches. Traps baited with the synthetic kairomone (1:3 ethyl acetate/ethanol) captured 1.4-2.2 times more total weevils than traps baited only with ferrugineol. Moreover, in most of the locations, the synthetic blend was at least as effective as the local coattractants used (plant material + molasses). CONCLUSIONS Ferrugineol emission rate can vary in a wide range without significantly affecting RPW response. Coattractants based on fermenting compounds, ethyl acetate and ethanol, are able to improve the attractant level of ferrugineol and could be employed to replace non-standardised natural kairomones in RPW trapping systems after further optimisation of their proportions and doses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vacas
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola - Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ourania Melita
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Milonas
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Roxana Minuz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Lo Bue
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Colazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ezio Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Victoria Soroker
- Agricultural Research Organisation, the Volcani Centre, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Yaara Livne
- Eden Experimental Farm, Emeq Beit Sheaan, Israel
| | - Jaime Primo
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola - Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro-Llopis
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola - Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Al-Ayedh H, Rizwan-Ul-Haq M, Hussain A, Aljabr AM. Insecticidal potency of RNAi-based catalase knockdown in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:2118-2127. [PMID: 26822903 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palm trees around the world are prone to notorious Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, which causes heavy losses of palm plantations. In Middle Eastern countries, this pest is a major threat to date palm orchards. Conventional pest control measures with the major share of synthetic insecticides have resulted in insect resistance and environmental issues. Therefore, in order to explore better alternatives, the RNAi approach was employed to knock down the catalase gene in fifth and tenth larval instars with different dsRNA application methods, and their insecticidal potency was studied. RESULTS dsRNA of 444 bp was prepared to knock down catalase in R. ferrugineus. Out of the three dsRNA application methods, dsRNA injection into larvae was the most effective, followed by dsRNA application by artificial feeding. Both methods resulted in significant catalase knockdown in various tissues, especially the midgut. As a result, the highest growth inhibition of 123.49 and 103.47% and larval mortality of 80 and 40% were observed in fifth-instar larvae, whereas larval growth inhibition remained at 86.83 and 69.08% with larval mortality at 30 and 10% in tenth-instar larvae after dsRNA injection and artificial diet treatment. The topical application method was the least efficient, with the lowest larval growth inhibition of 57.23 and 45.61% and 0% mortality in fifth- and tenth-instar larvae. Generally, better results were noted at the high dsRNA dose of 5 µL. CONCLUSION Catalase enzyme is found in most insect body tissues, and thus its dsRNA can cause broad-scale gene knockdown within the insect body, depending upon the application method. Significant larval mortality and growth inhibition after catalase knockdown in R. ferrugineus confirms its insecticidal potency and suggests a bright future for RNAi-based bioinsecticides in pest control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al-Ayedh
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan-Ul-Haq
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Aljabr
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
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Abdelsalam SA, Alzahrani AM, Elmenshawy OM, Abdel-Moneim AM. Spinosad Induces Antioxidative Response and Ultrastructure Changes in Males of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). J Insect Sci 2016; 16:106. [PMID: 28076286 PMCID: PMC5066058 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is of great concern worldwide, especially in the Middle East, where dates are a strategic crop. Despite their ecological hazard, insecticides remain the most effective means of control. A bioinsecticide of bacterial origin, spinosad is effective against several pests, and its efficacy against male R. ferrugineus was assessed in the present study. The antioxidative responses of key enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to spinosad were investigated in the midgut and testes, and the effects of this insecticide on the cell ultrastructure of the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and testes were also determined. The lethal concentration 50 of spinosad was measured at 58.8 ppm, and the insecticide inhibited the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in the midgut. However, no significant changes in the activities of these enzymes were observed in the testes. Spinosad treatment resulted in concentration-dependent changes in the cellular organelles of the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and testes of R. ferrugineus, and some of these effects were similar to those exerted by other xenobiotics. However, specific changes were observed as a result of spinosad treatment, including an increase in the number and size of concretions in Malpighian tubule cells and the occasional absence of the central pair of microtubules in the axonemes of sperm tails. This study introduces spinosad for potential use as an insecticide within an integrated control program against male red palm weevils. Additionally, the study provides biochemical and ultrastructural evidence for use in the development of bioindicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheldin A Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - Omar M Elmenshawy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Sun X, Yan W, Zhang J, Niu X, Li F, Qin W, Ma G. Frozen section and electron microscopy studies of the infection of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (coleoptera:curculionidae) by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Springerplus 2016; 5:1748. [PMID: 27795891 PMCID: PMC5055524 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae strain SD-3 against invasive red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (coleoptera:curculionidae) larvae in Hainan Province, China. Inoculation of 1 × 108 conidia/mL caused 100 % mortality of R. ferrugineus, indicating that the conidia of strain SD-3 were highly virulent. The process of invasion mechanism was showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and frozen section as follows. Once R. ferrugineus was infected by strain SD-3, M. anisopliae hyphae first invaded the cuticular and body cavity of R. ferrugineus. Secondly, well-developed muscles, fat, tracheaes and digestive tube tissues in the abdomen of R. ferrugineus were then decomposed and absorbed by M. anisopliae hyphae, leading to the total destruction of the larvae. Finally, M. anisopliae hyphae reproduced, resulting in a large number of conidia in the body of RPW. The SEM and frozen section are convenient tools to observe the mode of action of entomopathogenic fungi and to observe how M. anisopliae is able to colonize and infect the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconuts Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339 Hainan People's Republic of China ; College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconuts Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339 Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconuts Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339 Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconuts Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339 Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Fuheng Li
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Qin
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconuts Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339 Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchang Ma
- Environment and Plant protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 Hainan People's Republic of China
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Yan W, Liu L, Qin W, Luo Y, Ma X, Haider N, Inayeh M. Identification and tissue expression profiling of odorant binding protein genes in the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Springerplus 2016; 5:1542. [PMID: 27652115 PMCID: PMC5020018 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is a lethal pest of the palms. The identification of odorant binding protein (OBP) genes will be helpful for clarifing the mechanism of odorant detection of this pest. By sequencing the full length cDNA library of its antenne, 11 OBP genes (RferOBP1-11) were identified. Findings The result showed RferOBP1-7 and RferOBP8-11 belonged to the minus-C and classic family, respectively qPCR revealed that RferOBP1-10 highly transcribed in the antennae, of which RferOBP1, RferOBP4, RferOBP8 and RferOBP10 were obviously male-biased expression. RferOBP7 and RferOBP11 exhibited highly expression in female head and male thorax. RferOBP2, RferOBP5 and RferOBP6 were highly expressed in the female thorax, leg and abdomen respectively. Conclusions The results paved the way towards a future understanding of the olfaction in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ; Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571339 China
| | - Li Liu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571339 China
| | - Weiquan Qin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, 571339 China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xuezhong Ma
- China-Arab Date Palm Research Center, Ningxia, 750001 China
| | - Nabil Haider
- China-Arab Date Palm Research Center, Ningxia, 750001 China
| | - Muhanad Inayeh
- China-Arab Date Palm Research Center, Ningxia, 750001 China
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Scrascia M, Pazzani C, Valentini F, Oliva M, Russo V, D'Addabbo P, Porcelli F. Identification of pigmented Serratia marcescens symbiotically associated with Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:883-890. [PMID: 27250586 PMCID: PMC5061723 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize red pigment‐producing bacteria (RPPB) regularly released during oviposition by red palm weevil (RPW), RPPB were recovered from eggs deposited in apples supplied as substrate for oviposition. The presence of RPPB was also detected from gut, the reproductive apparatus of dissected adult and virgin insects and from pupal cases collected within infested palms. RPPB were also identified all along the tissue of these palms. Analysis of the 16S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB, recA, and groEL sequences assigned RPPB to the species Serratia marcescens. RPPB exhibited an antimicrobial activity assessed by the agar well diffusion method against a number of gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. In this study, we first report the identification of a red pigment‐producing S. marcescens as extracellular symbiont of RPW. Route of transmission, detection within different organs, and a wide spread along the infested palm tissue, suggested S. marcescens is present as extracellular symbiont in different developmental stages of the RPW. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity exhibited versus Bacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., and Lysinibacillus spp., reported as insect pathogens and potential candidates for biocontrol agents, could ascribe for S. marcescens a potential protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scrascia
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orobona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Pazzani
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orobona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Franco Valentini
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari/International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Marta Oliva
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orobona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orobona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Addabbo
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orobona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Soil Sciences, of Plants and Food, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola, 165/A 70126, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The mitochondrial genome is 15 924 bp in length (GC content: 25.6%), encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 21 transfer RNA genes, and 1 D-loop region. nad6 and cob are overlapped by 30 bp and atp8 and atp6 are overlapped by 12 bp. The phylogenetic tree involving 29 available closely related species further validated the new determined sequences and phylogeny of R. ferrugineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Guiqi Bi
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Qingwei Du
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Ezi Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Junqing Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Erlei Shang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
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Mastore M, Arizza V, Manachini B, Brivio MF. Modulation of immune responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Insecta: Coleoptera) induced by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Insect Sci 2015; 22:748-760. [PMID: 24846780 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (EPN); particularly, the work was focused on the immune response of the insect host in naive larvae and after infection with the EPN. Two main immunological processes have been addressed: the activity and modulation of host prophenoloxidase-phenoloxidase (proPO) system, involved in melanization of not-self and hemocytes recognition processes responsible for not-self encapsulation. Moreover, immune depressive and immune evasive strategies of the parasite have been investigated. Our results suggest that RPW possess an efficient immune system, however in the early phase of infection, S. carpocapsae induces a strong inhibition of the host proPO system. In addition, host cell-mediated mechanisms of encapsulation, are completely avoided by the parasite, the elusive strategies of S. carpocapsae seem to be related to the structure of its body-surface, since induced alterations of the parasite cuticle resulted in the loss of its mimetic properties. S. carpocapsae before the release of its symbiotic bacteria, depress and elude RPW immune defenses, with the aim to arrange a favorable environment for its bacteria responsible of the septicemic death of the insect target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Mastore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Sciences and Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Manachini
- Department of Sciences and Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio F Brivio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Cangelosi B, Clematis F, Monroy F, Roversi PF, Troiano R, Curir P, Lanzotti V. Filiferol, a chalconoid analogue from Washingtonia filifera possibly involved in the defence against the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. Phytochemistry 2015; 115:216-221. [PMID: 25725962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A chalconoid analogue, 1,3,5-benzentriol 2-[(2S,3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl)-2,3-dihydroxylpropyl], named filiferol (1), has been isolated and purified for the first time from the leaf basal tissues of the palm species Washingtonia filifera. The chemical structure of the isolated compound has been elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Filiferol has been based on a flavonol structure with the reduction of the common flavonoid keto group to give an unprecedented methylene carbon on the three carbon chain. An analogous compound with S stereochemistry at C3 has been obtained as synthetic intermediate for developing an enantioselective synthesis of (2R,3S)-(+)-catechin. Even though 1 proved to be deprived of antifungal properties, it displays a very effective larvicidal activity against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, an important pest affecting cultivated and ornamental palms. 1 has been isolated from leaf tissues of W. filifera, a species resistant to this pest, but this molecule seems instead undetectable in tissues of other palm species susceptible to the parasite. The presence of 1 could therefore account for W. filifera natural resistance to the attacks of the Red Palm Weevil (R. ferrugineus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Cangelosi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Francesca Clematis
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Fernando Monroy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Piazza M. D'Azeglio 30, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Troiano
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Agraria, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Curir
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Unit for Floriculture and Ornamental Species, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy.
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Agraria, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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