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Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by complex multicellular alterations, such as cardiomyocyte growth, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation. The heart consists of myocytes and nonmyocytes, such as fibroblasts, vascular cells, and blood cells, and these cells communicate with each other directly or indirectly via a variety of autocrine or paracrine mediators. Accumulating evidence has suggested that nonmyocytes actively participate in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, recent progress in our understanding of the importance of nonmyocytes as a hub for induction of cardiac hypertrophy is summarized with an emphasis of the contribution of noncontact communication mediated by diffusible factors between cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kamo
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.K., H.A., I.K.); and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (H.A., I.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.K., H.A., I.K.); and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (H.A., I.K.)
| | - Issei Komuro
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.K., H.A., I.K.); and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (H.A., I.K.)
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202
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Nevers T, Salvador AM, Grodecki-Pena A, Knapp A, Velázquez F, Aronovitz M, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Left Ventricular T-Cell Recruitment Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:776-87. [PMID: 26022677 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the emerging association between heart failure (HF) and inflammation, the role of T cells, major players in chronic inflammation, has only recently begun to be explored. Whether T-cell recruitment to the left ventricle (LV) participates in the development of HF requires further investigation to identify novel mechanisms that may serve for the design of alternative therapeutic interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time videomicroscopy of T cells from nonischemic HF patients or from mice with HF induced by transverse aortic constriction revealed enhanced adhesion to activated vascular endothelial cells under flow conditions in vitro compared with T cells from healthy subjects or sham mice. T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and the intramyocardial endothelium were both activated in response to transverse aortic constriction and the kinetics of LV T-cell infiltration was directly associated with the development of systolic dysfunction. In response to transverse aortic constriction, T cell-deficient mice (T-cell receptor, TCRα(-/-)) had preserved LV systolic and diastolic function, reduced LV fibrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation, and improved survival compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, T-cell depletion in wild-type mice after transverse aortic constriction prevented HF. CONCLUSIONS T cells are major contributors to nonischemic HF. Their activation combined with the activation of the LV endothelium results in LV T-cell infiltration negatively contributing to HF progression through mechanisms involving cytokine release and induction of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Reduction of T-cell infiltration is thus identified as a novel translational target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nevers
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Ane M Salvador
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Anna Grodecki-Pena
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Andrew Knapp
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Navin K Kapur
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Richard H Karas
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.).
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