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Herrmann HC, Thourani VH, Kodali SK, Makkar RR, Szeto WY, Anwaruddin S, Desai N, Lim S, Malaisrie SC, Kereiakes DJ, Ramee S, Greason KL, Kapadia S, Babaliaros V, Hahn RT, Pibarot P, Weissman NJ, Leipsic J, Whisenant BK, Webb JG, Mack MJ, Leon MB. One-Year Clinical Outcomes With SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in High-Risk and Inoperable Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis. Circulation 2016; 134:130-40. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the initial PARTNER trial (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for high-risk (HR) and inoperable patients, mortality at 1 year was 24% in HR and 31% in inoperable patients. A recent report of the 30-day outcomes with the low-profile SAPIEN 3 transcatheter aortic valve replacement system demonstrated very low rates of adverse events, but little is known about the longer-term outcomes with this device.
Methods:
Between October 2013 and September 2014, 583 HR (65%) or inoperable (35%) patients were treated via the transfemoral (84%) or transapical/transaortic (16%) access route at 29 US sites. Major clinical events at 1 year were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee, and echocardiographic results were analyzed by a core laboratory.
Results:
Baseline characteristics included age of 83 years, 42% female, and median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 8.4%. At the 1-year follow-up, survival (all-cause) was 85.6% for all patients, 87.3% in the HR subgroup, and 82.3% in the inoperable subgroup. Survival free of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the transfemoral patients from the HR cohort was 87.7% and 93.3%, respectively. There was no severe paravalvular leak. Moderate paravalvular leak (2.7%) was associated with an increase in mortality at 1 year, whereas mild paravalvular leak had no significant association with mortality. Symptomatic improvement as assessed by the percentage of patients in New York Heart Association class III and IV (90.1% to 7.7% at 1 year;
P
<0.0001) and by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (improved from 46.9 to 72.4;
P
<0.0001) was marked. Multivariable predictors of 1-year mortality included alternative access, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, and disabling stroke.
Conclusions:
In this large, adjudicated registry of SAPIEN 3 HR and inoperable patients, the very low rates of important complications resulted in a strikingly low mortality rate at 1 year. Between 30 and 365 days, the incidence of moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation did not increase, and no association between mild paravalvular leak and 1-year mortality was observed, although a small increase in disabling stroke occurred. These results, which likely reflect device iteration and procedural evolution, support the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement as the preferred therapy in HR and inoperable patients with aortic stenosis.
Clinical Trial Registration
: URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01314313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C. Herrmann
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Vinod H. Thourani
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Susheel K. Kodali
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Raj R. Makkar
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Wilson Y. Szeto
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Saif Anwaruddin
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Nimesh Desai
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott Lim
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - S. Chris Malaisrie
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Dean J. Kereiakes
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Steven Ramee
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Kevin L. Greason
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Samir Kapadia
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Vasilis Babaliaros
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Rebecca T. Hahn
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Neil J. Weissman
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Brian K. Whisenant
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - John G. Webb
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Michael J. Mack
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
| | - Martin B. Leon
- From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S., S.A., N.D.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T., V.B.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.B.L.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.C.M.); The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (D.J.K.); Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA (S.R.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.)
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210
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Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, Thourani VH, Tuzcu EM, Miller DC, Herrmann HC, Doshi D, Cohen DJ, Pichard AD, Kapadia S, Dewey T, Babaliaros V, Szeto WY, Williams MR, Kereiakes D, Zajarias A, Greason KL, Whisenant BK, Hodson RW, Moses JW, Trento A, Brown DL, Fearon WF, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Jaber WA, Anderson WN, Alu MC, Webb JG. Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1609-20. [PMID: 27040324 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1514616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3533] [Impact Index Per Article: 441.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous trials have shown that among high-risk patients with aortic stenosis, survival rates are similar with transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic-valve replacement. We evaluated the two procedures in a randomized trial involving intermediate-risk patients. METHODS We randomly assigned 2032 intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, at 57 centers, to undergo either TAVR or surgical replacement. The primary end point was death from any cause or disabling stroke at 2 years. The primary hypothesis was that TAVR would not be inferior to surgical replacement. Before randomization, patients were entered into one of two cohorts on the basis of clinical and imaging findings; 76.3% of the patients were included in the transfemoral-access cohort and 23.7% in the transthoracic-access cohort. RESULTS The rate of death from any cause or disabling stroke was similar in the TAVR group and the surgery group (P=0.001 for noninferiority). At 2 years, the Kaplan-Meier event rates were 19.3% in the TAVR group and 21.1% in the surgery group (hazard ratio in the TAVR group, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.09; P=0.25). In the transfemoral-access cohort, TAVR resulted in a lower rate of death or disabling stroke than surgery (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00; P=0.05), whereas in the transthoracic-access cohort, outcomes were similar in the two groups. TAVR resulted in larger aortic-valve areas than did surgery and also resulted in lower rates of acute kidney injury, severe bleeding, and new-onset atrial fibrillation; surgery resulted in fewer major vascular complications and less paravalvular aortic regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS In intermediate-risk patients, TAVR was similar to surgical aortic-valve replacement with respect to the primary end point of death or disabling stroke. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; PARTNER 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01314313.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Leon
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Craig R Smith
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Michael J Mack
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Raj R Makkar
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Lars G Svensson
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Susheel K Kodali
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - E Murat Tuzcu
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - D Craig Miller
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Howard C Herrmann
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Darshan Doshi
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - David J Cohen
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Augusto D Pichard
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Samir Kapadia
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Todd Dewey
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Vasilis Babaliaros
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Mathew R Williams
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Dean Kereiakes
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Alan Zajarias
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Kevin L Greason
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Brian K Whisenant
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Robert W Hodson
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Jeffrey W Moses
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Alfredo Trento
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - David L Brown
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - William F Fearon
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Wael A Jaber
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - William N Anderson
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - Maria C Alu
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
| | - John G Webb
- From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada
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