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Catania F, Ujvari B, Roche B, Capp JP, Thomas F. Bridging Tumorigenesis and Therapy Resistance With a Non-Darwinian and Non-Lamarckian Mechanism of Adaptive Evolution. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732081. [PMID: 34568068 PMCID: PMC8462274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neo-Darwinian (and less often Lamarckian) dynamics are regularly invoked to interpret cancer's multifarious molecular profiles, they shine little light on how tumorigenesis unfolds and often fail to fully capture the frequency and breadth of resistance mechanisms. This uncertainty frames one of the most problematic gaps between science and practice in modern times. Here, we offer a theory of adaptive cancer evolution, which builds on a molecular mechanism that lies outside neo-Darwinian and Lamarckian schemes. This mechanism coherently integrates non-genetic and genetic changes, ecological and evolutionary time scales, and shifts the spotlight away from positive selection towards purifying selection, genetic drift, and the creative-disruptive power of environmental change. The surprisingly simple use-it or lose-it rationale of the proposed theory can help predict molecular dynamics during tumorigenesis. It also provides simple rules of thumb that should help improve therapeutic approaches in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Catania
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, INSA, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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202
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Fu J, Li Y, Li C, Tong Y, Li M, Cang S. A special prognostic indicator: tumor mutation burden combined with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma with TP53 mutation. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3963-3978. [PMID: 35116695 PMCID: PMC8797931 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 mutation (TP53 mut) is significantly associated with immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but not an ideal independent prognostic predictor for it. Here, we investigated a novel potential biomarker and constructed a model for prognostic prediction in LUAD TP53 mut patients. METHODS 469 LUAD samples retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were divided into TP53 wt (wild-type TP53) and TP53 mut groups. TMB values were calculated based on the number of variants/exon lengths, and high- and low-TMB groups were divided by the median value. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two TMB groups were identified using "limma" package, and functional analyses were performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Ontology, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The infiltration ratio of 22 immune cells were calculated with the CIBERSORT algorithm. Survival analyses were estimated by Kaplan-Meier with the log-rank test. Finally a TMB prognostic index (TMBPI) with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and calculated to evaluate the predictive value in TP53 mut LUAD. RESULTS There were diverse mutation types in 100% of TP53 mutants, while mutations were present in 86.5% of cases with TP53 wt. TP53 mut patients had higher TMB levels than TP53 wt patients. Overall survival in TP53 mut patients with low-TMB levels was significantly shorter than that in high-TMB TP53 mut patients. High-TMB patients had higher levels of CD8 T cell and effector B cell, while lower levels of resting memory CD4 T cells, monocytes, activated dendritic cells, etc. than low-TMB patients. Poor survival outcome in TP53 mut patients was correlated with lower effector B cell infiltration and higher activated dendritic cell. Survival risk analyses of 121 DEGs showed that good survival outcomes correlated positively with FBXO36 and KLHL35 expression levels, but correlated negatively with that of LINC0054. TMBPI analysis of the TP53 mut patients showed that high-TMBPI patients had worse survival outcomes than low-TMBPI patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the TMB value with immune infiltrates is a novel potential biomarker for prognostic prediction of TP53 mut patients. The TMBPI combined with detection of TP53 mutation can be used as a better predictor of prognosis in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaonan Li
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Tong
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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203
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Zhang C, Liu J, Xu D, Zhang T, Hu W, Feng Z. Gain-of-function mutant p53 in cancer progression and therapy. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:674-687. [PMID: 32722796 PMCID: PMC7749743 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor, and loss of p53 function is frequently a prerequisite for cancer development. The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers; p53 mutations occur in >50% of all human cancers and in almost every type of human cancers. Most of p53 mutations in cancers are missense mutations, which produce the full-length mutant p53 (mutp53) protein with only one amino acid difference from wild-type p53 protein. In addition to loss of the tumor-suppressive function of wild-type p53, many mutp53 proteins acquire new oncogenic activities independently of wild-type p53 to promote cancer progression, termed gain-of-function (GOF). Mutp53 protein often accumulates to very high levels in cancer cells, which is critical for its GOF. Given the high mutation frequency of the p53 gene and the GOF activities of mutp53 in cancer, therapies targeting mutp53 have attracted great interest. Further understanding the mechanisms underlying mutp53 protein accumulation and GOF will help develop effective therapies treating human cancers containing mutp53. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the studies on mutp53 regulation and GOF as well as therapies targeting mutp53 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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204
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Ghaffari S, Khalili N, Rezaei N. CRISPR/Cas9 revitalizes adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:269. [PMID: 34446084 PMCID: PMC8390258 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has gained attention as the supreme therapeutic modality for the treatment of various malignancies. Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) is one of the most distinctive modalities of this therapeutic approach, which seeks to harness the potential of combating cancer cells by using autologous or allogenic tumor-specific T-cells. However, a plethora of circumstances must be optimized to produce functional, durable, and efficient T-cells. Recently, the potential of ACT has been further realized by the introduction of novel gene-editing platforms such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system; this technique has been utilized to create T-cells furnished with recombinant T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that have precise tumor antigen recognition, minimal side effects and treatment-related toxicities, robust proliferation and cytotoxicity, and nominal exhaustion. Here, we aim to review and categorize the recent breakthroughs of genetically modified TCR/CAR T-cells through CRISPR/Cas9 technology and address the pearls and pitfalls of each method. In addition, we investigate the latest ongoing clinical trials that are applying CRISPR-associated TCR/CAR T-cells for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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205
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Li M, Gonye AL, Truskowski K, Loftus LV, Urbanski LA, Myers KV, Mallin MM, Yang ME, Mendez SA, Kostecka LG, Udedibor CR, Kim CJ, Kuczler MD, Shin GH, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Twelve unanswered questions in cancer inspired by the life and work of Leland Chung: "if this is true, what does it imply"? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:254-260. [PMID: 34541023 PMCID: PMC8446763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Li
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anna Lk Gonye
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kevin Truskowski
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luke V Loftus
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lanie A Urbanski
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kayla V Myers
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mikaela M Mallin
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Margaret E Yang
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabrina A Mendez
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Laurie G Kostecka
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chiamaka R Udedibor
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chi-Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Morgan D Kuczler
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gloria H Shin
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Jawa Y, Yadav P, Gupta S, Mathan SV, Pandey J, Saxena AK, Kateriya S, Tiku AB, Mondal N, Bhattacharya J, Ahmad S, Chaturvedi R, Tyagi RK, Tandon V, Singh RP. Current Insights and Advancements in Head and Neck Cancer: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutics with Cues from Single Cell and 3D Model Omics Profiling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676948. [PMID: 34490084 PMCID: PMC8418074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is among the ten leading malignancies worldwide, with India solely contributing one-third of global oral cancer cases. The current focus of all cutting-edge strategies against this global malignancy are directed towards the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment that obstructs most treatment blueprints. Subsequent to the portrayal of established information, the review details the application of single cell technology, organoids and spheroid technology in relevance to head and neck cancer and the tumor microenvironment acknowledging the resistance pattern of the heterogeneous cell population in HNC. Bioinformatic tools are used for study of differentially expressed genes and further omics data analysis. However, these tools have several challenges and limitations when analyzing single-cell gene expression data that are discussed briefly. The review further examines the omics of HNC, through comprehensive analyses of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics profiles. Patterns of alterations vary between patients, thus heterogeneity and molecular alterations between patients have driven the clinical significance of molecular targeted therapies. The analyses of potential molecular targets in HNC are discussed with connotation to the alteration of key pathways in HNC followed by a comprehensive study of protein kinases as novel drug targets including its ATPase and additional binding pockets, non-catalytic domains and single residues. We herein review, the therapeutic agents targeting the potential biomarkers in light of new molecular targeted therapies. In the final analysis, this review suggests that the development of improved target-specific personalized therapies can combat HNC's global plight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Jawa
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivapar V. Mathan
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Saxena
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashu B. Tiku
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shandar Ahmad
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tyagi
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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207
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Expression of oncogenic HRAS in human Rh28 and RMS-YM rhabdomyosarcoma cells leads to oncogene-induced senescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16505. [PMID: 34389744 PMCID: PMC8363632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. The two predominant histologic variants of RMS, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS and aRMS, respectively), carry very different prognoses. While eRMS is associated with an intermediate prognosis, the 5-year survival rate of aRMS is less than 30%. The RMS subtypes are also different at the molecular level-eRMS frequently has multiple genetic alterations, including mutations in RAS and TP53, whereas aRMS often has chromosomal translocations resulting in PAX3-FOXO1 or PAX7-FOXO1 fusions, but otherwise has a "quiet" genome. Interestingly, mutations in RAS are rarely found in aRMS. In this study, we explored the role of oncogenic RAS in aRMS. We found that while ectopic oncogenic HRAS expression was tolerated in the human RAS-driven eRMS cell line RD, it was detrimental to cell growth and proliferation in the human aRMS cell line Rh28. Growth inhibition was mediated by oncogene-induced senescence and associated with increased RB pathway activity and expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21. Unexpectedly, the human eRMS cell line RMS-YM, a RAS wild-type eRMS cell line, also exhibited growth inhibition in response to oncogenic HRAS in a manner similar to aRMS Rh28 cells. This work suggests that oncogenic RAS is expressed in a context-dependent manner in RMS and may provide insight into the differential origins and therapeutic opportunities for RMS subtypes.
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208
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Symphony of the DNA flexibility and sequence environment orchestrates p53 binding to its responsive elements. Gene 2021; 803:145892. [PMID: 34375633 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein maintains the genome fidelity and integrity by modulating several cellular activities. It regulates these events by interacting with a heterogeneous set of response elements (REs) of regulatory genes in the background of chromatin configuration. At the p53-RE interface, both the base readout and torsional-flexibility of DNA account for high-affinity binding. However, DNA structure is an entanglement of a multitude of physicochemical features, both local and global structure should be considered for dealing with DNA-protein interactions. The goal of current research work is to conceptualize and abstract basic principles of p53-RE binding affinity as a function of structural alterations in DNA such as bending, twisting, and stretching flexibility and shape. For this purpose, we have exploited high throughput in-vitro relative affinity information of responsive elements and genome binding events of p53 from HT-Selex and ChIP-Seq experiments respectively. Our results confirm the role of torsional flexibility in p53 binding, and further, we reveal that DNA axial bending, stretching stiffness, propeller twist, and wedge angles are intimately linked to p53 binding affinity when compared to homeodomain, bZIP, and bHLH proteins. Besides, a similar DNA structural environment is observed in the distal sequences encompassing the actual binding sites of p53 cistrome genes. Additionally, we revealed that p53 cistrome target genes have unique promoter architecture, and the DNA flexibility of genomic sequences around REs in cancer and normal cell types display major differences. Altogether, our work provides a keynote on DNA structural features of REs that shape up the in-vitro and in-vivo high-affinity binding of the p53 transcription factor.
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209
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210
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Mintoo M, Khan S, Wani A, Malik S, Bhurta D, Bharate S, Malik F, Mondhe D. A rohitukine derivative IIIM-290 induces p53 dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:671-683. [PMID: 34324743 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid extracted from Dysoxylum binectariferum, has a propitious anticancer activity. Our previous study shows that a new Rohitukine derivative IIIM-290 restricts the growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro. In the present findings, we report the mechanism of cell death induced by IIIM-290 in MOLT-4 cells (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and its anticancer potential against various murine leukemic tumor models in vivo. We found that IIIM-290 induced apoptosis through upregulation of different apoptotic proteins like PUMA, BAX, cytochrome c, cleaved (active) caspase-3, and cleaved PARP in MOLT-4 cells. Moreover, IIIM-290 abated mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated calcium levels, reactive oxygen species, and arrested growth of MOLT-4 cells in the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, the elevation in proapoptotic markers was p53 dependent-the silencing of p53 abrogated apoptosis (programmed cell death) triggered by IIIM-290 in MOLT-4 cells. Furthermore, IIIM-290 significantly enhanced the survival of animals with P388 and L1210 leukemia. Thus, our results put IIIM-290 as a potential candidate for the anticancer lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sameer Khan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sumera Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sandip Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dilip Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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211
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Meyer D, Kames J, Bar H, Komar AA, Alexaki A, Ibla J, Hunt RC, Santana-Quintero LV, Golikov A, DiCuccio M, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. Distinct signatures of codon and codon pair usage in 32 primary tumor types in the novel database CancerCoCoPUTs for cancer-specific codon usage. Genome Med 2021; 13:122. [PMID: 34321100 PMCID: PMC8317675 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression is highly variable across tissues of multi-cellular organisms, influencing the codon usage of the tissue-specific transcriptome. Cancer disrupts the gene expression pattern of healthy tissue resulting in altered codon usage preferences. The topic of codon usage changes as they relate to codon demand, and tRNA supply in cancer is of growing interest. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome-weighted codon and codon pair usage based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq data from 6427 solid tumor samples and 632 normal tissue samples. This dataset represents 32 cancer types affecting 11 distinct tissues. Our analysis focused on tissues that give rise to multiple solid tumor types and cancer types that are present in multiple tissues. RESULTS We identified distinct patterns of synonymous codon usage changes for different cancer types affecting the same tissue. For example, a substantial increase in GGT-glycine was observed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (IDLC) of the breast. Change in synonymous codon preference favoring GGT correlated with change in synonymous codon preference against GGC in IDC and IDLC, but not in ILC. Furthermore, we examined the codon usage changes between paired healthy/tumor tissue from the same patient. Using clinical data from TCGA, we conducted a survival analysis of patients based on the degree of change between healthy and tumor-specific codon usage, revealing an association between larger changes and increased mortality. We have also created a database that contains cancer-specific codon and codon pair usage data for cancer types derived from TCGA, which represents a comprehensive tool for codon-usage-oriented cancer research. CONCLUSIONS Based on data from TCGA, we have highlighted tumor type-specific signatures of codon and codon pair usage. Paired data revealed variable changes to codon usage patterns, which must be considered when designing personalized cancer treatments. The associated database, CancerCoCoPUTs, represents a comprehensive resource for codon and codon pair usage in cancer and is available at https://dnahive.fda.gov/review/cancercocoputs/ . These findings are important to understand the relationship between tRNA supply and codon demand in cancer states and could help guide the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Meyer
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Kames
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Haim Bar
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anton A Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aikaterini Alexaki
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ibla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan C Hunt
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Luis V Santana-Quintero
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Anton Golikov
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Michael DiCuccio
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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212
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Rothzerg E, Ho XD, Xu J, Wood D, Märtson A, Kõks S. Upregulation of 15 Antisense Long Non-Coding RNAs in Osteosarcoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081132. [PMID: 34440306 PMCID: PMC8394133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes thousands of natural antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs); they play the essential role in regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, including replication, transcription and translation. Dysregulation of antisense lncRNAs plays indispensable roles in numerous biological progress, such as tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic agents. To date, there have been several studies analysing antisense lncRNAs expression profiles in cancer, but not enough to highlight the complexity of the disease. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of antisense lncRNAs from osteosarcoma and healthy bone samples (24 tumour-16 bone samples) using RNA sequencing. We identified 15 antisense lncRNAs (RUSC1-AS1, TBX2-AS1, PTOV1-AS1, UBE2D3-AS1, ERCC8-AS1, ZMIZ1-AS1, RNF144A-AS1, RDH10-AS1, TRG-AS1, GSN-AS1, HMGA2-AS1, ZNF528-AS1, OTUD6B-AS1, COX10-AS1 and SLC16A1-AS1) that were upregulated in tumour samples compared to bone sample controls. Further, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expressions of the antisense lncRNAs in 8 different osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS-2, G-292, HOS, U2-OS, 143B, SJSA-1, MG-63, and MNNG/HOS) compared to hFOB (human osteoblast cell line). These differentially expressed IncRNAs can be considered biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xuan Dung Ho
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam;
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-8-6457-0313
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213
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Osei-Bordom DC, Kamarajah S, Christou N. Colorectal Cancer, Liver Metastases and Biotherapies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:894. [PMID: 34440099 PMCID: PMC8389538 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest causes of death by cancer worldwide. Its first main metastatic diffusion spreads to the liver. Different mechanisms such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis are the characteristics of this invasion. At this stage, different options are possible and still in debate, especially regarding the use of targeted therapeutics and biotherapies. (2) Methods: A review of the literature has been done focusing on the clinical management of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and the contribution of biotherapies in this field. (3) Results: In a clinical setting, surgeons and oncologists consider liver metastasis in CRC into two groups to launch adapted therapeutics: resectable and non-resectable. Around these two entities, the combination of targeted therapies and biotherapies are of high interest and are currently tested to know in which molecular and clinical conditions they have to be applied to impact positively both on survival and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Clement Osei-Bordom
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.-C.O.-B.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sivesh Kamarajah
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.-C.O.-B.); (S.K.)
| | - Niki Christou
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.-C.O.-B.); (S.K.)
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
- EA3842 CAPTuR Laboratory “Cell Activation Control, Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance”, Faculty of Medicine, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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214
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Mutated p53 in HGSC-From a Common Mutation to a Target for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143465. [PMID: 34298679 PMCID: PMC8304959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), the most common and the deadliest subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, is characterized by frequent mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, encoding for the p53 protein in nearly 100% of cases. This makes p53 the focus of many studies trying to understand its role in HGSC. The aim of our review paper is to provide updates on the latest findings related to the role of mutant p53 in HGSC. This includes the clinical outcomes of TP53 mutations in HGSC, upstream regulators and downstream effectors of p53, its function in the earliest stages of HGSC development and in the interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. We summarize with the likelihood of p53 mutants to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as targets for therapy in HGSC. Abstract Mutations in tumor suppressor gene TP53, encoding for the p53 protein, are the most ubiquitous genetic variation in human ovarian HGSC, the most prevalent and lethal histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of TP53 mutations are missense mutations, leading to loss of tumor suppressive function of p53 and gain of new oncogenic functions. This review presents the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in HGSC, elaborating on several recently identified upstream regulators of mutant p53 that control its expression and downstream target genes that mediate its roles in the disease. TP53 mutations are the earliest genetic alterations during HGSC pathogenesis, and we summarize current information related to p53 function in the pathogenesis of HGSC. The role of p53 is cell autonomous, and in the interaction between cancer cells and its microenvironment. We discuss the reduction in p53 expression levels in tumor associated fibroblasts that promotes cancer progression, and the role of mutated p53 in the interaction between the tumor and its microenvironment. Lastly, we discuss the potential of TP53 mutations to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and detail some more advanced efforts to use mutated p53 as a therapeutic target in HGSC.
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Dalla Pozza M, Orvain C, Brustolin L, Pettenuzzo N, Nardon C, Gaiddon C, Fregona D. Gold(III) to Ruthenium(III) Metal Exchange in Dithiocarbamato Complexes Tunes Their Biological Mode of Action for Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:4073. [PMID: 34279414 PMCID: PMC8271683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors have affected the human being since the pharaoh period, but in the last century the incidence of this disease has increased due to a large number of risk factors, including deleterious lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking) and the higher longevity. Many efforts have been spent in the last decades on achieving an early stage diagnosis of cancer, and more effective cures, leading to a decline in age-standardized cancer mortality rates. In the last years, our research groups have developed new metal-based complexes, with the aim to obtain a better selectivity for cancer cells and less side effects than the clinically established reference drug cisplatin. This work is focused on four novel Au(III) and Ru(III) complexes that share the piperidine dithiocarbamato (pipe-DTC) as the ligand, in a different molar ratio. The compounds [AuCl2(pipeDTC)], [Au(pipeDTC)2]Cl, [Ru(pipeDTC)3] and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5] have been synthesized and fully characterized by several chemical analyses. We have then investigated their biological properties in two different cell lines, namely, AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) and HCT116 (colon carcinomas), showing significant differences among the four compounds. First, the two gold-based compounds and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5] display IC50 in the µM range, significantly lower than cisplatin. Second, we showed that [AuCl2(pipeDTC)] and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5]Cl drive different molecular mechanisms. The first was able to induce the protein level of the DNA damage response factor p53 and the autophagy protein p62, in contrast to the second that induced the ATF4 protein level, but repressed p62 expression. This study highlights that the biological activity of different complexes bringing the same organic ligand depends on the electronic and structural properties of the metal, which are able to fine tune the biological properties, giving us precious information that can help to design more selective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalla Pozza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.P.); (L.B.); (N.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Interface Recherche Fondamentale en Cancérologie, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Leonardo Brustolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.P.); (L.B.); (N.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Nicolò Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.P.); (L.B.); (N.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.P.); (L.B.); (N.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Interface Recherche Fondamentale en Cancérologie, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.P.); (L.B.); (N.P.); (C.N.)
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Ahirwar R, Khan N, Kumar S. Aptamer-based sensing of breast cancer biomarkers: a comprehensive review of analytical figures of merit. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:703-721. [PMID: 33877005 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1920397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate determination of the aberrantly expressed biomarkers such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), mucin 1 (MUC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165 have played an essential role in the clinical management of the breast cancer. Assessment of these cancer-specific biomarkers has conventionally relied on time-taking methods like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. However, recent development in the aptamer-based diagnostics has allowed developing tools that may substitute the conventional means of biomarker assessment in breast cancer. Adopting the aptamer-based diagnostic tools (aptasensors) to clinical practices will depend on their analytical performance on clinical samples. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the analytical merits of HER2, CEA, PDGF, MUC1, and VEGF165 aptasensors. Scopus and Pubmed databases were searched for studies reporting aptasensor development for the listed breast cancer biomarkers in the past one decade. Linearity, detection limit, and response time are emphasized. EXPERT OPINION In our opinion, aptasensors have proven to be on a par with the antibody-based methods for detection of various breast cancer biomarkers. Though robust validation of the aptasensors on significant sample size is required, their ability to detect pathophysiological range of biomarkers suggest the possibility of future clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurgaon, India
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Rashid M, Zadeh LR, Baradaran B, Molavi O, Ghesmati Z, Sabzichi M, Ramezani F. Up-down regulation of HIF-1α in cancer progression. Gene 2021; 798:145796. [PMID: 34175393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of Oxygen. In an oxygen-immersed environment, HIF-1α completely deactivated and destroyed by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). In contrast, in the oxygen-free environment, it escapes destruction and enters to the nucleus of cells then upregulates many genes involved in cancer progression. Overexpressed HIF-1α and downstream genes support cancer progression through various mechanisms including angiogenesis, proliferation and survival of cells, metabolism reprogramming, invasion and metastasis, cancer stem cell maintenance, induction of genetic instability, and treatment resistance. HIF-1α can be provoked by signaling pathways unrelated to hypoxia during cancer progression. Therefore, cancer development and progression can be modulated by targeting HIF-1α and its downstream signaling molecules. In this regard, HIF-1α inhibitors which are categorized into the agents that regulate HIF-1α in gene, mRNA and protein levels used as an efficient way in cancer treatment. Also, HIF-1α expression can be negatively affected by the agents suppressing the activation of mTOR, PI3k/Akt and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rostami Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sabzichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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218
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Wroblewski LE, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori: a stealth assassin. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:807-808. [PMID: 34119456 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that confers the highest known risk for gastric cancer. Research directed at understanding the pathogenesis of H. pylori is crucial to identify colonized persons that may subsequently develop neoplasia. Imai et al. describe how H. pylori elicits BRCAness and endows epithelial cells with the ability to evade apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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219
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Navalkar A, Pandey S, Singh N, Patel K, Datta D, Mohanty B, Jadhav S, Chaudhari P, Maji SK. Direct evidence of cellular transformation by prion-like p53 amyloid infection. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269011. [PMID: 34085695 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 mutations are associated with more than 50% of cancers. Aggregation and amyloid formation of p53 is also implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but direct evidence for aggregated p53 amyloids acting as an oncogene is lacking. Here, we conclusively demonstrate that wild-type p53 amyloid formation imparts oncogenic properties to non-cancerous cells. p53 amyloid aggregates were transferred through cell generations, contributing to enhanced survival, apoptotic resistance with increased proliferation and migration. The tumorigenic potential of p53 amyloid-transformed cells was further confirmed in mouse xenografts, wherein the tumors showed p53 amyloids. p53 disaggregation rescued the cellular transformation and inhibited tumor development in mice. We propose that wild-type p53 amyloid formation contributes to tumorigenesis and can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Satyaprakash Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India410210
| | | | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India410210.,Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India400094
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
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Current Perspective on the Natural Compounds and Drug Delivery Techniques in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112765. [PMID: 34199460 PMCID: PMC8199612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the belligerent neoplasia that metastasize to other brain regions and invade nearby healthy tissues. However, the treatments available are associated with some limitations, such as high variations in solid tumors and deregulation of multiple cellular pathways. The heterogeneity of the GBM tumor and its aggressive infiltration into the nearby tissues makes it difficult to treat. Hence, the development of multimodality therapy that can be more effective, novel, with fewer side effects, improving the prognosis for GBM is highly desired. This review evaluated the use of natural phytoconstituents as an alternative for the development of a new therapeutic strategy. The key aspects of GBM and the potential of drug delivery techniques were also assessed, for tumor site delivery with limited side-effects. These efforts will help to provide better therapeutic options to combat GBM in future. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the debilitating brain tumors, being associated with extremely poor prognosis and short median patient survival. GBM is associated with complex pathogenesis with alterations in various cellular signaling events, that participate in cell proliferation and survival. The impairment in cellular redox pathways leads to tumorigenesis. The current standard pharmacological regimen available for glioblastomas, such as radiotherapy and surgical resection following treatment with chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide, remains fatal, due to drug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, the demand for an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM remains elusive. Hopefully, novel products from natural compounds are suggested as possible solutions. They protect glial cells by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting pro-oncogene events and intensifying the potent anti-tumor therapies. Targeting aberrant cellular pathways in the amelioration of GBM could promote the development of new therapeutic options that improve patient quality of life and extend survival. Consequently, our review emphasizes several natural compounds in GBM treatment. We also assessed the potential of drug delivery techniques such as nanoparticles, Gliadel wafers and drug delivery using cellular carriers which could lead to a novel path for the obliteration of GBM.
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Khan MJ, Ahmad A, Khan MA, Siddiqui S. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Induces Apoptosis in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Degradation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2172-2181. [PMID: 32840725 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are used immensely in technology and medicine, but very less is known about toxicity mechanism to human epidermal cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible anticancer properties of ZnO-NPs on human epidermoid carcinoma cells using MTT assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc acetate dihydrate, ethylene glycol, and 2-propyl alcohol. Numerous characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy were used to confirm synthesis, purity, optical, and surface characteristics, size, shape, and distribution of ZnO-NPs. Our finding showed that ZnO-NPs considerably decreased cell viability of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells with a parallel increase in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, real time PCR expression study showed that treatment of human epidermoid carcinoma cells with ZnO-NPs trigger increased expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, bax, and caspase-3 while downregulate antiapoptotic gene bcl-2. Thus ZnO-NPs induce apoptosis in A431 cells through DNA degradation and generation of reactive oxygen species via p53, bax/bcl-2, and caspase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
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Nguyen C, Nguyen JPT, Modi AP, Ahmad I, Petrova SC, Ferrell SD, Wilhelm SR, Ye Y, Schaue D, Barsky SH. Use of constitutive and inducible oncogene-containing iPSCs as surrogates for transgenic mice to study breast oncogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:301. [PMID: 34044885 PMCID: PMC8162012 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powerful constitutive and inducible transgenic / bitransgenic / tritransgenic murine models of breast cancer have been used over the past two decades to shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which the given transgenic oncogenes have interacted with other cellular genes and set in motion breast cancer initiation and progression. However, these transgenic models, as in vivo models only, are expensive and restrictive in the opportunities they provide to manipulate the experimental variables that would enable a better understanding of the molecular events related to initial transformation and the target cell being transformed. METHODS To overcome some of these limitations, we derived oncogene-containing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones from tail vein fibroblasts of these transgenic mice and manipulated them both in vitro and in vivo in non-transgenic background mice. We created the iPSC clones with a relatively low M.O.I, producing retroviral integrations which averaged only 1 to 2 sites per retroviral plasmid construct used. RESULTS Most iPSC clones derived from each group displayed an essentially normal murine karyotype, strong expression of the exogenous reprogrammable genes and significant expression of characteristic endogenous murine surface stem cell markers including SSEA-1 (CD15), PECAM-1 (CD31), Ep-Cam (CD326), and Nectin (CD112), but no expression of their transgene. A majority (75%) of iPSC clones displayed a normal murine karyotype but 25% exhibited a genomically unstable karyotype. However, even these later clones exhibited stable and characteristic iPSC properties. When injected orthotopically, select iPSC clones, either constitutive or inducible, no longer expressed their exogenous pluripotency reprogramming factors but expressed their oncogenic transgene (PyVT or ErbB2) and participated in both breast ontogenesis and subsequent oncogenesis. When injected non-orthotopically or when differentiated in vitro along several different non-mammary lineages of differentiation, the iPSC clones failed to do so. Although many clones developed anticipated teratomas, select iPSC clones under the appropriate constitutive or inducible conditions exhibited both breast ontogenesis and oncogenesis through the same stages as exhibited by their transgenic murine parents and, as such, represent transgenic surrogates. CONCLUSIONS The iPSC clones offer a number of advantages over transgenic mice including cost, the ability to manipulate and tag in vitro, and create an in vitro model of breast ontogeny and oncogenesis that can be used to gain additional insights into the differentiated status of the target cell which is susceptible to transformation. In addition, the use of these oncogene-containing iPSC clones can be used in chemopreventive studies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nguyen
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Julie P T Nguyen
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Arnav P Modi
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Ihsaan Ahmad
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Sarah C Petrova
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Stuart D Ferrell
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Sabrina R Wilhelm
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Yin Ye
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Dorthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Sanford H Barsky
- Cancer Center and Institute for Personalized Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA.
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Tong DR, Zhou W, Katz C, Regunath K, Venkatesh D, Ihuegbu C, Manfredi JJ, Laptenko O, Prives C. p53 Frameshift Mutations Couple Loss-of-Function with Unique Neomorphic Activities. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1522-1533. [PMID: 34045312 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 mutations that result in loss of transcriptional activity are commonly found in numerous types of cancer. While the majority of these are missense mutations that map within the central DNA-binding domain, truncations and/or frameshift mutations can also occur due to various nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions. These changes result in mRNAs containing premature stop codons that are translated into a diverse group of C-terminally truncated proteins. Here we characterized three p53 frameshift mutant proteins expressed from the endogenous TP53 locus in U2OS osteosarcoma and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines. These mutants retain intact DNA-binding domains but display altered oligomerization properties. Despite their abnormally high expression levels, they are mostly transcriptionally inactive and unable to initiate a stimuli-induced transcriptional program characteristic of wild-type p53. However, one of these variant p53 proteins, I332fs*14, which resembles naturally expressed TAp53 isoforms β and γ, retains some residual antiproliferative activity and can induce cellular senescence in HCT116 cells. Cells expressing this mutant also display decreased motility in migration assays. Hence, this p53 variant exhibits a combination of loss-of-gain and gain-of-function characteristics, distinguishing it from both wild type p53 and p53 loss. IMPLICATIONS: p53 frameshift mutants display a mixture of residual antiproliferative and neomorphic functions that may be differentially exploited for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kausik Regunath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chinyere Ihuegbu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Oleg Laptenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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224
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Yamada K, Masuda K, Ida S, Tada H, Bando M, Abe K, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K, Takeda S. In vitro assessment of antitumor immune responses using tumor antigen proteins produced by transgenic silkworms. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:58. [PMID: 33999320 PMCID: PMC8128804 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of antitumor immune responses is essential for immune monitoring to predict clinical outcomes as well as treatment efficacies in cancer patients. In this study, we produced two tumor antigen (TA) proteins, melanoma antigen family A4 and wild type p53, using TG silkworm systems and evaluated anti-TA-specific immune responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays in patients with head and neck cancer. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 patients showed significant IFN-γ production in response to at least one TA; however, the presence of TA-specific immune responses did not significantly contribute to better prognosis (overall survival, p = 0.1768; progression-free survival, p = 0.4507). Further studies will need to be performed on a larger scale to better assess the clinical significance of these systems. The production of multiple TA proteins may provide new avenues for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies to stimulate a potent and specific immune response against tumor cells as well as precise assessment of antitumor immune responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yamada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kei Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Ida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroe Tada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minori Bando
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kanako Abe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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225
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Lacey T, Lacey H. Linking hsp90's role as an evolutionary capacitator to the development of cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100400. [PMID: 34023771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper links Heat Shock Protein Hsp90 as an evolutionary capacitator with the development of cancer. Hsp90 stabilises proteins associated with cancer in a number of ways. Canalisation allows for the accumulation of malignant mutations in the genome, and selection of beneficial phenotypes when cancer cells are stressed, allowing oncogenic development and progression. Hsp90 may allow for mutational 'big bangs' that can trigger primary malignant transformation. Hsp90 buffers catastrophic mutations in the oncogenome to prevent protein degradation and cellular apoptosis. Hsp90 was found to prevent the degradation of mutated p53, encouraging uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Hsp90 buffering of mutations in response to cytotoxic therapy can lead to expression of beneficial phenotypes when Hsp90 is supressed and development of drug resistance. Trials with Hsp90 inhibitors have shown some success as an adjunctive therapy in preventing cancer progression, development of drug resistance, and even re-sensitisation to therapy after chemoresistance has developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lacey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hester Lacey
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, 1 Brookway Burgess Hill RH15 0LL, Brighton, BN2 5BE United Kingdom.
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226
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Oh M, Kim K, Sun H. Covariance thresholding to detect differentially co-expressed genes from microarray gene expression data. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2021; 18:2050002. [PMID: 32336254 DOI: 10.1142/s021972002050002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene set analysis aims to identify differentially expressed or co-expressed genes within a biological pathway between two experimental conditions, so that it can eventually reveal biological processes and pathways involved in disease development. In the last few decades, various statistical and computational methods have been proposed to improve statistical power of gene set analysis. In recent years, much attention has been paid to differentially co-expressed genes since they can be potentially disease-related genes without significant difference in average expression levels between two conditions. In this paper, we propose a new statistical method to identify differentially co-expressed genes from microarray gene expression data. The proposed method first estimates co-expression levels of paired genes using covariance regularization by thresholding, and then significance of difference in covariance estimation between two conditions is evaluated. We demonstrated that the proposed method is more powerful than the existing main-stream methods to detect co-expressed genes through extensive simulation studies. Also, we applied it to various microarray gene expression datasets related with mutant p53 transcriptional activity, and epithelium and stroma breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Oh
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Kipoong Kim
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Hokeun Sun
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
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227
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Morgan JJ, Crawford LJ. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Genome Stability and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2235. [PMID: 34066546 PMCID: PMC8125356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful DNA replication during cellular division is essential to maintain genome stability and cells have developed a sophisticated network of regulatory systems to ensure its integrity. Disruption of these control mechanisms can lead to loss of genomic stability, a key hallmark of cancer. Ubiquitination is one of the most abundant regulatory post-translational modifications and plays a pivotal role in controlling replication progression, repair of DNA and genome stability. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) can contribute to the initiation and progression of neoplastic transformation. In this review we provide an overview of the UPS and summarize its involvement in replication and replicative stress, along with DNA damage repair. Finally, we discuss how the UPS presents as an emerging source for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting genomic instability, which could be utilized in the treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J. Crawford
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
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228
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Takahashi S, Fujiwara Y, Nakano K, Shimizu T, Tomomatsu J, Koyama T, Ogura M, Tachibana M, Kakurai Y, Yamashita T, Sakajiri S, Yamamoto N. Safety and pharmacokinetics of milademetan, a MDM2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with solid tumors: A phase I study. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2361-2370. [PMID: 33686772 PMCID: PMC8177775 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milademetan (DS‐3032, RAIN‐32) is an orally available mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity owing to increase in p53 activity through interruption of the MDM2‐p53 interaction. This phase I, dose‐escalating study assessed the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of milademetan in 18 Japanese patients with solid tumors who relapsed after or were refractory to standard therapy. Patients aged ≥ 20 years received oral milademetan once daily (60 mg, n = 3; 90 mg, n = 11; or 120 mg, n = 4) on days 1 to 21 in a 28‐day cycle. Dose‐limiting toxicities, safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and recommended dose for phase II were determined. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events included nausea (72.2%), decreased appetite (61.1%), platelet count decreased (61.1%), white blood cell count decreased (50.0%), fatigue (50.0%), and anemia (50.0%). Dose‐limiting toxicities (three events of platelet count decreased and one nausea) were observed in the 120‐mg cohort. The plasma concentrations of milademetan increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Stable disease was observed in seven out of 16 patients (43.8%). Milademetan was well tolerated and showed modest antitumor activity in Japanese patients with solid tumors. The recommended dose for phase II was considered to be 90 mg in the once‐daily 21/28‐day schedule. Future studies would be needed to further evaluate the potential safety, tolerability, and clinical activity of milademetan in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. The trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.jp: JapicCTI‐142693.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ogura
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakurai
- Data Intelligence Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Yamashita
- Oncology Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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229
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Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108890. [PMID: 33894196 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
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230
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Wei H, Qu L, Dai S, Li Y, Wang H, Feng Y, Chen X, Jiang L, Guo M, Li J, Chen Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Structural insight into the molecular mechanism of p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2280. [PMID: 33863900 PMCID: PMC8052441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. p53 can induce apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by interacting with and antagonizing the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-xL and BCL-2. However, the mechanisms by which p53 induces mitochondrial apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we report a 2.5 Å crystal structure of human p53/BCL-xL complex. In this structure, two p53 molecules interact as a homodimer, and bind one BCL-xL molecule to form a ternary complex with a 2:1 stoichiometry. Mutations at the p53 dimer interface or p53/BCL-xL interface disrupt p53/BCL-xL interaction and p53-mediated apoptosis. Overall, our current findings of the bona fide structure of p53/BCL-xL complex reveal the molecular basis of the interaction between p53 and BCL-xL, and provide insight into p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilu Feng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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231
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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232
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Zhao C, Ghosh B, Chakraborty T, Roy S. Bavachinin mitigates DMH induced colon cancer in rats by altering p53/Bcl2/BAX signaling associated with apoptosis. Biotech Histochem 2021; 96:179-190. [PMID: 32664769 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1778087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bavachinin is a flavanone obtained from the Chinese herb, Fructus Psoraleae. Flavonoids and flavanones are recognized as cancer preventive agents. We investigated the anticancer properties of bavachinin using a model of dimethylhydrazine (DMH and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced rat colon cancer. We investigated aberrant crypt foci (ACF), hyperplastic lesions, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GST) levels in Wistar rats. Expression of cancer biomarkers including IL-6, p53, Bcl2 and BAX was investigated. We found that bavachinin administered to rats re-established the colonic crypts that were damaged by DMH and prevented progression of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Industrial Park, Xinghu Hospital, Suzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Midnapore Medical College, Burdwan Pachim, India
| | - Tania Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India
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233
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Abdelmeguid NE, Khalil MI, Badr NS, Alkhuriji AF, El-Gerbed MS, Sultan AS. Ameliorative effects of colostrum against DMBA hepatotoxicity in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2254-2266. [PMID: 33911940 PMCID: PMC8071819 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum, the sole diet for newborns, is an emerging nutraceutical. To date, the chemopreventive effect of Bovine Colostrum against liver injury induced by the potent carcinogen, 7,12-dimethyl-Benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is unexplored. Humans are daily exposed to DMBA which is a highly lipophilic environmental organic pollutant. The study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective role of Bovine Colostrum against DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity using a rat model. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups; GI (control), GII (olive oil, vehicle for DMBA), GIII (DMBA), GIV (DMBA + Bovine Colostrum), GV (Bovine Colostrum). After 12 weeks, body weight changes and mortality were calculated. Histological and ultrastructural examinations of liver tissue were performed. Expressions of p53, TGFβ2, TNF-α, S6K2, and c20orf20 were assessed by RT-PCR. Post-treatment with Bovine Colostrum increased both the body weight and the survival rate of rats treated with DMBA. In addition, remarkable protection against the pathological effect of DMBA was noted. Ultrastructurally, Bovine Colostrum ameliorated/prevented most of the toxic effects of DMBA on hepatocytes, including irregularities of nuclear envelope, clumping, and margination of heterochromatin aggregates, segregated nucleoli, and mitochondrial pleomorphism. Bovine Colostrum administration down-regulated p53, C20orf20, and S6K2 mRNA levels, and up-regulated TNF-α and TGFβ2. In conclusion, Bovine Colostrum have a protective effect against DMBA-induced toxicity on the liver of albino rats. Consequently, Bovine Colostrum may prevent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-induced hepatotoxicity and may be useful in promoting human health if supplemented in the diet.
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Key Words
- BC, Bovine Colostrum
- CAM, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Colostrum
- DMBA
- DMBA, 7,12-dimethyl-Benz[a]anthracene
- Hepatoprotective
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IL-1β, cytokines including interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- INF-γ, interferon-gamma
- Nutraceutical
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S6K, 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- S6K2
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor-beta
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud I. Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada S. Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Afrah F. Alkhuriji
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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234
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Tang Q, Efe G, Chiarella AM, Leung J, Chen M, Yamazoe T, Su Z, Pitarresi JR, Li J, Islam M, Karakasheva T, Klein-Szanto AJ, Pan S, Hu J, Natsugoe S, Gu W, Stanger BZ, Wong KK, Diehl JA, Bass AJ, Nakagawa H, Murphy ME, Rustgi AK. Mutant p53 regulates Survivin to foster lung metastasis. Genes Dev 2021; 35:528-541. [PMID: 33737385 PMCID: PMC8015716 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340505.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide and evolves often to lung metastasis. P53R175H (homologous to Trp53R172H in mice) is a common hot spot mutation. How metastasis is regulated by p53R175H in ESCC remains to be investigated. To investigate p53R175H-mediated molecular mechanisms, we used a carcinogen-induced approach in Trp53R172H/- mice to model ESCC. In the primary Trp53R172H/- tumor cell lines, we depleted Trp53R172H (shTrp53) and observed a marked reduction in cell invasion in vitro and lung metastasis burden in a tail-vein injection model in comparing isogenic cells (shCtrl). Furthermore, we performed bulk RNA-seq to compare gene expression profiles of metastatic and primary shCtrl and shTrp53 cells. We identified the YAP-BIRC5 axis as a potential mediator of Trp53R172H -mediated metastasis. We demonstrate that expression of Survivin, an antiapoptotic protein encoded by BIRC5, increases in the presence of Trp53R172H Furthermore, depletion of Survivin specifically decreases Trp53R172H-driven lung metastasis. Mechanistically, Trp53R172H but not wild-type Trp53, binds with YAP in ESCC cells, suggesting their cooperation to induce Survivin expression. Furthermore, Survivin high expression level is associated with increased metastasis in several GI cancers. Taken together, this study unravels new insights into how mutant p53 mediates metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosi Tang
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Anna M Chiarella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jessica Leung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maoting Chen
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Taiji Yamazoe
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mirazul Islam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Samuel Pan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Wei Gu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kwok-K Wong
- New York University Langone Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Roy U, Raghavan SC. Deleterious point mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Mechanistic insights into leukemogenesis. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1210-1220. [PMID: 33634864 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is characterized by the leukemogenic transformation of immature T cells, which accumulate an array of genetic and epigenetic lesions, leading to a sustained proliferation of abnormal T cells. Genetic alterations in the DNA repair genes, protooncogenes, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifiers have been studied in the past decade using next-generation sequencing and high-resolution copy number arrays. While other genomic lesions like chromosomal rearrangements, inversions, insertions, and gene fusions have been well studied at functional level, the mechanism of generation of driver mutations in T-ALL is the subject of current investigation. Novel oncogenic mutations in the TP53, BRCA2, PTEN, IL7R, RAS, NOTCH1, ETV6, BCL11B, WT1, DNMT3A, PRC2, PHF6, USP7, KDM6A and an array of other genes disrupt the genetic and epigenetic homeostasis in T-ALL. In this review, we have summarized the mechanistic role of deleterious driver mutations in T-ALL initiation and progression. We speculate that the formation of non-B DNA structures could be one of the primary reasons for the occurrence of different genomic lesions seen in T-ALL, which warrants further investigation. Understanding the mechanism behind the genesis of oncogenic mutations will pave the way to develop targeted therapies that can improve the overall survival and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbi Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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237
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Ohiagu FO, Chikezie PC, Chikezie CM, Enyoh CE. Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs.
Main body
The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability.
Conclusion
The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.
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238
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AMPK Is the Crucial Target for the CDK4/6 Inhibitors Mediated Therapeutic Responses in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is short, and PDAC is a cancer type that ranks fourth in the statistics regarding death due to cancer. Mutation in the KRAS gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer development, activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The activity of the AMPK as a cellular energy sensor is one of the fundamental mechanisms that can induce effective therapeutic responses against CDK4/6 inhibitors via adjusting the cellular and tumor microenvironment stress management. The phosphorylation of AMPKα at the different phosphorylation residues such as Thr172 and Ser 377 causes metabolic differentiation in the cells following CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in accordance with an increased cell cycle arrest and senescence under the control of different cellular players. In this study, we examined the competencies of the CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 on the mechanism of cell survival and death based on AMPK signaling. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 modulated different molecular players on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling axis in different ways to reduce cell survival in a cell type dependent manner. These drugs are potential inducers of apoptosis and senescence that can alter the therapeutic efficacy cells.
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Su T, Qin XY, Dohmae N, Wei F, Furutani Y, Kojima S, Yu W. Inhibition of Ganglioside Synthesis Suppressed Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation through Targeting Kinetochore Metaphase Signaling. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030167. [PMID: 33803928 PMCID: PMC7998610 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of liver cancer, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have increased during the last two decades, partly due to persistent inflammation in the lipid-rich microenvironment associated with lifestyle diseases, such as obesity. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids known to be important in the organization of the membrane and membrane protein-mediated signal transduction. Ganglioside synthesis is increased in several types of cancers and has been proposed as a promising target for cancer therapy. Here, we provide evidence that ganglioside synthesis was increased in the livers of an animal model recapitulating the features of activation and expansion of liver progenitor-like cells and liver cancer (stem) cells. Chemical inhibition of ganglioside synthesis functionally suppressed proliferation and sphere growth of liver cancer cells, but had no impact on apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Proteome-based mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of ganglioside synthesis downregulated the expression of AURKA, AURKB, TTK, and NDC80 involved in the regulation of kinetochore metaphase signaling, which is essential for chromosome segregation and mitotic progression and probably under the control of activation of TP53-dependent cell cycle arrest. These data suggest that targeting ganglioside synthesis holds promise for the development of novel preventive/therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China;
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (Y.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (Y.F.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.-Y.Q.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +81-(48)-467-7938 (X.-Y.Q.); +86-(25)-6818-2222 (W.Y.)
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Feifei Wei
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Furutani
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (Y.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (Y.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-Y.Q.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +81-(48)-467-7938 (X.-Y.Q.); +86-(25)-6818-2222 (W.Y.)
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240
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Franceschini N, Verbruggen B, Tryfonidou MA, Kruisselbrink AB, Baelde H, de Visser KE, Szuhai K, Cleton-Jansen AM, Bovée JVMG. Transformed Canine and Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Model for Sarcoma with Complex Genomics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051126. [PMID: 33807947 PMCID: PMC7961539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal origin, the majority of which are characterized by many copy number alterations, amplifications, or deletions. Because of these complex genomics, it is notoriously difficult to identify driver events of malignant transformation. In this study, we show that murine and canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to model spontaneous malignant transformation towards sarcomas with complex genomics. We show that these MSCs have an abnormal karyotype, many structural variants, and point mutations at whole genome sequencing analysis, and form sarcomas after injection into mice. Our cross-species analysis reveals that p53 loss is an early event in sarcomagenesis, and it was shown that MSCs with a knock-out in Trp53 transform earlier compared to wild-type MSCs. Our study points to the importance of p53 loss in the transformation process towards sarcomas with complex genomics. Abstract Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a broad histological spectrum, but they can be divided into two groups based on molecular pathology: sarcomas with simple or complex genomics. Tumors with complex genomics can have aneuploidy and copy number gains and losses, which hampers the detection of early, initiating events in tumorigenesis. Often, no benign precursors are known, which is why good models are essential. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is the presumed cell of origin of sarcoma. In this study, MSCs of murine and canine origin are used as a model to identify driver events for sarcomas with complex genomic alterations as they transform spontaneously after long-term culture. All transformed murine but not canine MSCs formed sarcomas after subcutaneous injection in mice. Using whole genome sequencing, spontaneously transformed murine and canine MSCs displayed a complex karyotype with aneuploidy, point mutations, structural variants, inter-chromosomal translocations, and copy number gains and losses. Cross-species analysis revealed that point mutations in Tp53/Trp53 are common in transformed murine and canine MSCs. Murine MSCs with a cre-recombinase induced deletion of exon 2–10 of Trp53 transformed earlier compared to wild-type murine MSCs, confirming the contribution of loss of p53 to spontaneous transformation. Our comparative approach using transformed murine and canine MSCs points to a crucial role for p53 loss in the formation of sarcomas with complex genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Bas Verbruggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Alwine B. Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715266622
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Shen E, Han Y, Cai C, Liu P, Chen Y, Gao L, Huang Q, Shen H, Zeng S, He M. Low expression of NLRP1 is associated with a poor prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7570-7588. [PMID: 33658393 PMCID: PMC7993699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP1 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1), the first NLR protein, described to form an inflammasome, plays critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation. However, NLRP1 has not been reported to be linked to LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma) risk, prognosis, immunotherapy or any other treatments. This research aimed to explore the prognostic value and mechanism of NLRP1 in LUAD. We performed bioinformatics analysis on LUAD data downloaded from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), and jointly analyzed with online databases such as TCGAportal, LinkedOmics, TIMER, ESTIMATE and TISIDB. NLRP1 expression of LUAD tissue was considerably lower than that in normal lung tissue. Decreased NLRP1 expression of LUAD was associated with relatively high pathological, T and N stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with low NLRP1 expression had a worse prognosis than those with high expression. Multivariate Cox analysis further showed that NLRP1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor of LUAD. Moreover, the level of NLRP1 expression was positively linked to the degree of infiltration of various TIICs (tumor-infiltrating immune cells). Our findings confirmed that reduced expression of NLRP1 was significantly related to poor prognosis and low degree of immune cell infiltration in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Life Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Le Gao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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242
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Buskaran K, Bullo S, Hussein MZ, Masarudin MJ, Mohd Moklas MA, Fakurazi S. Anticancer Molecular Mechanism of Protocatechuic Acid Loaded on Folate Coated Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Delivery System in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040817. [PMID: 33572054 PMCID: PMC7915244 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is listed as the fifth-ranked cancer, responsible for 9.1% of all cancer deaths globally due to its assertive nature and poor survival rate. To overcome this obstacle, efforts have been made to ensure effective cancer therapy via nanotechnology utilization. Recent studies have shown that functionalized graphene oxide (GO)-loaded protocatechuic acid has shown some anticancer activities in both passive and active targeting. The nanocomposites’ physicochemical characterizations were conducted. A lactate dehydrogenase experiment was conducted to estimate the severity of cell damage. Subsequently, a clonogenic assay was carried out to examine the colony-forming ability during long-term exposure of the nanocomposites. The Annexin V/ propidium iodide analysis showed that nanocomposites induced late apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Following the intervention of nanocomposites, cell cycle arrest was ascertained at G2/M phase. There was depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species when HepG2 cells were induced by nanocomposites. Finally, the proteomic profiling array and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins induced by graphene oxide conjugated PEG loaded with protocatechuic acid drug folic acid coated nanocomposite (GOP–PCA–FA) in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, GOP–PCA–FA nanocomposites treated HepG2 cells exhibited significant anticancer activities with less toxicity compared to pristine protocatechuic acid and GOP–PCA nanocomposites, due to the utilization of a folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Buskaran
- Laboratory for Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (S.B.); (M.Z.H.)
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (S.B.); (M.Z.H.)
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory for Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-2352
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243
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Molica M, Mazzone C, Niscola P, de Fabritiis P. TP53 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Still a Daunting Challenge? Front Oncol 2021; 10:610820. [PMID: 33628731 PMCID: PMC7897660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene with protean functions associated with preservation of genomic balance, including regulation of cellular senescence, apoptotic pathways, metabolism functions, and DNA repair. The vast majority of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) present unaltered TP53 alleles. However, TP53 mutations are frequently detected in AML related to an increased genomic instability, such as therapy‐related (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Of note, TP53 mutations are associated with complex cytogenetic abnormalities, advanced age, chemoresistance, and poor outcomes. Recent breakthroughs in AML research and the development of targeted drugs directed at specific mutations have led to an explosion of novel treatments with different mechanisms. However, optimal treatment strategy for patients harboring TP53 mutations remains a critical area of unmet need. In this review, we focus on the incidence and clinical significance of TP53 mutations in de novo and t-AML. The influence of these alterations on response and clinical outcomes as well as the current and future therapeutic perspectives for this hardly treatable setting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Molica
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mazzone
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicina and Prevenzione, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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244
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Mukherjee TK, Malik P, Hoidal JR. The emerging role of estrogen related receptorα in complications of non-small cell lung cancers. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33664821 PMCID: PMC7882887 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a perilous (13–17%) 5-year survival in Europe and the USA. Although tobacco smoking has consistently emerged as the leading cause of NSCLC complications, its consequences are distinctly manifest with respect to sex bias, due to differential gene and sex hormone expression. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily is normally expressed in the lungs, and activates various nuclear genes without binding to the ligands, such as estrogens. In NSCLC ERRα expression is significantly higher compared with healthy individuals. It is well established ERα and ERβ‚ have 93% and 60% identity in the DNA and ligand binding domains, respectively. ERα and ERRα have 69% (70% with ERRα-1) and 34% (35% with ERRα-1) identity, respectively; ERRα and ERRβ‚ have 92 and 61% identity, respectively. However, whether there is distinctive ERRα interaction with mammalian estrogens or concurrent involvement in non-ER signalling pathway activation is not known. Relevant to NSCLC, ERRα promotes proliferation, invasion and migration by silencing the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, and accelerates G2-M transition during cell division. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of Slug (an EMT associated transcription factor) are the prominent mechanisms by which ERRα activates NSCLC metastasis. Based on these observations, the present article focuses on the feasibility of antiERRα therapy alone and in combination with antiER as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Mukherjee
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - John R Hoidal
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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245
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Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Nasciutti LE. Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:817-831. [PMID: 32920697 PMCID: PMC11071717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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246
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Kim Y, Park JB, Fukuda J, Watanabe M, Chun YS. The Effect of Neddylation Blockade on Slug-Dependent Cancer Cell Migration Is Regulated by p53 Mutation Status. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030531. [PMID: 33573293 PMCID: PMC7866814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neddylation is a process in which the small ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is covalently conjugated to target proteins by sequential enzymatic reactions. Because neddylation plays critical roles in regulating cancer growth and migration, it is emerging as an effective therapeutic target. The major tumor suppressor protein p53 reduces cancer cell migration and is inhibited by neddylation. As p53 is lost or mutated in 50% of various cancer types, this study attempted to investigate how neddylation affects cancer cell migration according to p53 status. Neddylation blockade reduced or caused no change in migration of wild type or mutant p53 cancer cell lines. In contrast, neddylation blockade induced migration of p53-null cancer cell lines. These results were mediated by the differential effect of neddylation blockade on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition activator Slug according to p53 status. Thus, the p53 status of cancer cells should be considered when developing neddylation-targeted anticancer drugs. Abstract The tumor suppressor protein p53 is frequently inactivated in human malignancies, in which it is associated with cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. Because p53 is heavily involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a primary step in cell migration, p53 regulation is important for preventing cancer metastasis. p53 function can be modulated by diverse post-translational modifications including neddylation, a reversible process that conjugates NEDD8 to target proteins and inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53. However, the role of p53 in cancer migration by neddylation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we reported that neddylation blockade induces cell migration depending on p53 status, specifically via the EMT-promoting transcription factor Slug. In cancer cell lines expressing wild type p53, neddylation blockade increased the transcriptional activity of p53 and expression of its downstream genes p21 and MDM2, eventually promoting proteasomal degradation of Slug. In the absence of p53, neddylation blockade increased cell migration by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Slug signaling axis. Because mutant p53 was transcriptionally inactivated but maintained the ability to bind to Slug, neddylation blockade did not affect the migration of cells expressing mutant p53. Our findings highlight how the p53 expression status influences neddylation-mediated cell migration in multiple cancer cell lines via Slug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.B.P.)
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.B.P.)
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.B.P.)
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8909
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247
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Selvam P, Hsiao MC, Omerza G, Bergeron D, Rowe S, Uvalic J, Soucy M, Peracchio M, Burns S, Meyers B, Prego M, Nie Q, Ananda G, Chandok H, Kelly K, Hesse A, Reddi HV. Mutation Yield of a Custom 212-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Solid Tumors: Clinical Experience of the First 260 Cases Tested Using the JAX ActionSeq™ Assay. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:103-111. [PMID: 31754995 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the positive yield rate of a custom 212-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, the JAX ActionSeq™ assay, used in molecular profiling of solid tumors for precision medicine. METHODS We evaluated 261 cases tested over a 24-month period including cancers across 24 primary tissue types and report on the mutation yield in these cases. RESULTS Thirty-three of the 261 cases (13%) had no detectable clinically significant variants. In the remaining 228 cases (87%), we identified 550 clinically significant variants in 88 of the 212 genes, with four of fewer clinically significant variants being detected in 62 of 88 genes (70%). TP53 had the highest number of variants (125), followed by APC (47), KRAS (47), ARID1A (20), PIK3CA (20) and EGFR (18). There were 38 tier I and 512 tier II variants, with two genes having only a tier I variant, seven genes having both a tier I and tier II variant, and 79 genes having at least one tier II variant. Overall, the ActionSeq™ assay detected clinically significant variants in 42% of the genes included in the panel (88/212), 68% of which (60/88) were detected in more than one tumor type. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that of the genes with documented involvement in cancer, only a limited number are currently clinically significant from a therapeutic, diagnostic and/or prognostic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shannon Rowe
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shelbi Burns
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Qian Nie
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Kelly
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Andrew Hesse
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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Liu B, Zhang G, Cui S, Du G. Upregulation of KIF11 in TP53 Mutant Glioma Promotes Tumor Stemness and Drug Resistance. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1477-1485. [PMID: 33491154 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain malignancy with high morbidity and mortality, but little is known about its pathological mechanisms. Kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) is a key driver of malignancy in glioblastoma, a grade IV glioma, but its involvement in glioma chemoresistance remains to be determined. We accessed the TCGA open datasets, collected glioma tumor tissue samples, and analyzed the expression of KIF11 in glioma patients. Meanwhile, the correlation between KIF11 and survival outcomes was determined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The role of KIF11 in glioma tumor cell function was assessed in an in vitro knockdown and overexpressing system. Here, we found that KIF11 was upregulated in glioma tumors and negatively correlated with overall survival outcomes via analyzing the open datasets. KIF11 was negatively correlated with TP53 expression. Furthermore, KIF11 promoted the stemness in glioma cells, accompanied by increased cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, we found that KIF11 promoted cell cycle progression via upregulating cyclin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Six, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Six, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Shukun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery Six, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Guoliang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery Six, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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249
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Secretoglobin 3A2 eliminates human cancer cells through pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:12. [PMID: 33452234 PMCID: PMC7810848 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical inflammasome activation that recognizes intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes pyroptosis, the inflammatory death of innate immune cells. The role of pyroptosis in innate immune cells is to rapidly eliminate pathogen-infected cells and limit the replication niche in the host body. Whether this rapid cell elimination process of pyroptosis plays a role in elimination of cancer cells is largely unknown. Our earlier study demonstrated that a multi-functional secreted protein, secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, chaperones LPS to cytosol, and activates caspase-11 and the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, leading to pyroptosis. Here we show that SCGB3A2 exhibits marked anti-cancer activity against 5 out of 11 of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines in mouse xenographs, while no effect was observed in 6 of 6 small cell lung cancer cell lines examined. All SCGB3A2-LPS-sensitive cells express syndecan 1 (SDC1), a SCGB3A2 cell surface receptor, and caspase-4 (CASP4), a critical component of the non-canonical inflammasome pathway. Two epithelial-derived colon cancer cell lines expressing SDC1 and CASP4 were also susceptible to SCGB3A2-LPS treatment. TCGA analysis revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with higher SCGB3A2 mRNA levels exhibited better survival. These data suggest that SCGB3A2 uses the machinery of pyroptosis for the elimination of human cancer cells via the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, and that SCGB3A2 may serve as a novel therapeutic to treat cancer, perhaps in combination with immuno and/or targeted therapies.
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Sinkala M, Nkhoma P, Mulder N, Martin DP. Integrated molecular characterisation of the MAPK pathways in human cancers reveals pharmacologically vulnerable mutations and gene dependencies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:9. [PMID: 33398072 PMCID: PMC7782843 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are crucial regulators of the cellular processes that fuel the malignant transformation of normal cells. The molecular aberrations which lead to cancer involve mutations in, and transcription variations of, various MAPK pathway genes. Here, we examine the genome sequences of 40,848 patient-derived tumours representing 101 distinct human cancers to identify cancer-associated mutations in MAPK signalling pathway genes. We show that patients with tumours that have mutations within genes of the ERK-1/2 pathway, the p38 pathways, or multiple MAPK pathway modules, tend to have worse disease outcomes than patients with tumours that have no mutations within the MAPK pathways genes. Furthermore, by integrating information extracted from various large-scale molecular datasets, we expose the relationship between the fitness of cancer cells after CRISPR mediated gene knockout of MAPK pathway genes, and their dose-responses to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Besides providing new insights into MAPK pathways, we unearth vulnerabilities in specific pathway genes that are reflected in the re sponses of cancer cells to MAPK targeting drugs: a revelation with great potential for guiding the development of innovative therapies.
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